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Bivalvia & Cephalopoda Bivalvia Species Encountered (Bivalves) Chlamys rubida(Paci fic pink scallop) Mytilus californian us (California mussel) Cephalopoda Species Encountered (Cephalopods) Enteroctopus doflieni (giant Pacific octopus) Webpage created by Timothy Dillavou on 05-23-2007 Welcome to the home of Bivalvia and Cephalopoda. My name is Tim Dillavou and these pages are devoted to giving some background information on bivalves and cephalopods. They will also give some more detailed information on a few species I encountered during a marine ecology class at University of Washington-Tacoma during the spring of 2007.

Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

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Page 1: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

Bivalvia

Species Encountered (Bivalves)Chlamys rubida(Pacific pink scallop)

Mytilus californianus(California mussel)

Cephalopoda

Species Encountered(Cephalopods)Enteroctopus doflieni(giant Pacific octopus)References

Webpage created by Timothy Dillavou on 05-23-2007

Welcome to the home of Bivalvia and Cephalopoda. My name is Tim Dillavou and these pages are devoted to giving some background information on bivalves and cephalopods. They will also give some more detailed information on a few species I encountered during a marine ecology class at University of Washington-Tacoma during the spring of 2007.

Page 2: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

BivalviaKingdom: animalia Phylum: mollusca Class: Bivalvia Characteristics: • Bivalve refers to having a shell with two halves or valves.• All bivalves have rigid shells to provide support for their soft bodies. • Bivalvia is the only molluscan class characterized by the absence of a radula.• Live:• Marine or freshwater• In or on top of sediment (epifaunal or infaunal)• Life span varies • Size 2mm to over 4 feet (giant clam of the south pacific)Feeding/Respiration: • Most are filter feeders defined by a gill structure• Some are scavengers or predators• consume phytoplankton and other tiny organic matter that flows through their gills.  • gills function both in respiration and in straining out food particles.• mussels can filter 10-15 gallons of water per day.Locomotion:• muscular "foot" used for burrowing, or swimming (razor clams)• some use foot (byssal threads) for attaching to attaching to substrate (blue mussels)Reproduction:• externally when eggs and sperm are released into water• female may spawn millions of eggs in her lifetime. Senses:• In many bivalves, the mantle margin has a sensory function and often possesses rows

of parallel tentacles with tactile and chemosensory cells. In some species, the siphon tips may also possess such tentacles.

Species Encountered

Chlamys rubida(pacific pink scallop)

Mytilus californianus(California mussel)

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Crassostrea gigas (Japanese oyster)

Tresus nuttalli (pacific gaper)

Page 3: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

Species Encountered(Bivalves)

Scientific name Common name Found Observations

Chlamys rubida Pacific pink scallop Friday Harbor (otter trawl) sponge covering one side, ears unequal size, swim

Clinocardium nuttalli Nuttalli’s cockle Fox Island & Willapa Bay oval shell, light brown, found at 12” depth

Modiolus modiolus Horse mussel Friday Harbor (otter trawl) brownish/black shell, Size: 5’’ long

Mytilus californianus California mussel Friday Harbor (Cattle Point & Argyle Point), Olympic Coast (Salt Creek)

bluish/black, attached to low rocks in colonies. rounded ridges on shell

Mytilus trossulus Bay mussel Point Defiance (floating dock)Fox Island

smooth wedge shaped shell, attached to pilings w/byssal threads

Crassostrea gigasJapanese oyster Fox Island

Friday Harbor (False Bay)irregular ridged shell, grayish/white

Ostrea lurida Native oyster Fox Island whitish gray

Pododesmus macrochisma

Rock oyster Point Defiance (floating dock)Friday Harbor (Salt Creek)

jingle shell, hole in middle of lower shell, grayish

Tresus nuttalli Pacific Gaper Willapa BayFriday Harbor (False Bay)

siphon: yellowish/tan, gaper pea crab inside clam

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Page 4: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

Chlamys rubida(Pacific pink scallop)

Description:  • prominent ribs on each valve • grows to about 6 -7 cm long.• swim when threatened• many eyes around the outside, which

perceive light and direction.  • One side of shell is covered with a

symbiotic sponge. Geographical Range: • Alaska to San Diego, CA; uncommon S

of Puget Sound. Depth Range: • low intertidal to 300 m; mainly subtidal Habitat:• rocky or gravel/mud bottoms. Life span: • up to 6 years.  Reproduction:• externally when eggs and sperm are

released into waterHumans uses:• harvested by recreational & commercial

fishermen because highly desirable seafood.

Photos by Hannah Julich, May 2007back

Page 5: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

Mytilus californianus(California sea mussel)

Description: • color: bluish/ black, concentric growth lines• shell to about 8 inches longGeographical range:• Alaska to southern Baja CaliforniaDepth Range:• mainly in intertidal zone on outer coastHabitat:• Abundant, on surf-exposed rocks and pier

pilings in colonies for protectionFeeding:• Filter feeder, prefer to eat fine organic

material and plankton Life span:• 10-100 yearsReproduction:• Male releases sperm into water and enters

female when water is siphoned over gills

Photo by Dave Cowles, Little Corona del Mar, CA March 2005

Photos by Bonnie Becker 2007

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Page 6: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

CephalopodaKingdom: animalia Phylum: mollusca Class: cephalopodaTwo subclasses: •Coleoidea: squid, cuttlefish, and octopus •Nautiloidea: nautiluses Characteristics: •A funnel derived from the molluscan foot, circumoral arms that are probably derived from the molluscan head, chitinous beaks Habitat: •all marine, In all seas at all depths, Octopuses are solitary living in cracks and crevices but squid have been known to swim in large groupsLife span:• 1-3 years (except for nautilus up to 15 yrs)Feeding:• carnivores: crustaceans, fish, gastropod molluscs Respiration: •gills Locomotion: •walk with use of tentacles (octopus), lateral fins to swim (cuttlefish), jet propulsion (squids almost use exclusively) Shell/Skeleton: •Octopus- absent, squid- pen, cuttlefish- cuttlebone, nautilus- external Reproduction: •Coleoidea - lay hundreds to half a million eggs, Octopus-male typically dies after mating and female dies after guarding eggs•Nautiloidea- lays a few eggs each yearSenses: •eyes similar to humans (except for nautilus), touch, storage of chemical info for taste and texture Special notes: •change color, texture, and shape, very intelligent back

Page 7: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

Species Encountered(Cephalopods)

Scientific name Common name Found Observations

Enteroctopus doflieni

Giant Pacific octopus

Olympic coast (Salt creek), Seattle aquarium

Only tentacle found at Salt creek (still changing color & suctioning)

Page 8: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

Enteroctopus doflieni(giant Pacific Octopus)

Description: • largest species in the world, up to 400 lbs

and 25 feet arm spanGeographical range: • Pacific ocean• common in Puget SoundDepth Range: • intertidal to 750 mHabitat:• rocky crevices Feeding:• crustaceans, mollusks, fishLife span:• 3-5 yearsReproduction:• female lays between 20,000 to 100,000

eggs and tends the eggs until hatched and then dies

Human uses: • food, display in aquariums, and for use

as bait in other fisheries

Picture by Greg Gilbert The Seattle Times, 2003back

Picture by Bonnie Becker, 2007

Page 9: Bivalvia & Cephalopoda

References

• The University of Arizona College of Agriculture and Life Sciences website accessed on 03-31-2007 http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

• State of Washington website accessed on 04-02-2007 http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/mollusks/3bivafile.html • Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences website accessed on 04-03-2007 http://www.thecephalopodpage.org/

• Smithsonian National Zoological Park website accessed on 04-03-2007 http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Animals/Invertebrates/Facts/cephalopods/

• State University of New York College at Cortland website accessed on 03-31-2007 http://www.cortland.edu/

• University of Michigan Museum of Zoology website accessed on 04-04-2006 http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Bivalvia.html

• University of Hawaii at Manoa website accessed on 04-04-2007 www.soest.hawaii.edu

• American Society of Limnology and Oceanography website accessed on 04-04-2007 www.aslo.org

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