BITS 2513

INTERNET TECHNOLOGY

TOPIC : WWW TECHNOLOGY

What is WWWo WWW (WORLD WIDE WEB) A network of information resourcesThe web relies on three mechanisms to make these resources readily

available to widest possible audience:1. A Uniform Naming Scheme for locating resources on the web (e.g URIs)2. Protocols for access to named resources over the web (e.g HTTP)3. Hypertext for easy navigation among resources (e.g HTML)

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS• WEB BROWSER (web client, called a browser) Is the software that allow to interact with information available on the internet

• HTML (HYPERTEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE) A tagging languages used to compose documents that will be viewed by a web

browser

• WEB PAGE A mixture of text, graphics, sound and animation the html format, to make information

accessible in a easy to understand format using the internet.

• WEB SITE A collection of web pages connected (linked) by hypertext clickable links.

TERMS AND DEFINITIONS• WEB SITE STORAGE / HOSTING After a web site is designed it must be stored on a computer that can be accessed through the internet

and the World-wide Web

• World-Wide Web WWW is a pair of software application, which allow both distribution of and access to information on the

internet.

The web is not the internet BUT, a means of distributing and accessing the information that is on it.

• E-COMMERCE / E-BUSSINESS ( Electronic Commerce or EC) Is the buying and selling of goods and services on the internet, especially on the World-Wide Web.

• HTTP ( Hypertext Transfer Protocol) Is the set of rules for exchanging files (text, graphic image, sound , video, and other multimedia files )

on the World-Wide Web.

WEB PAGE• KNOWN AS HTML (HYPERTEXT MARK-UP LANGUAGE) DOCUMENT ACCESSIBLE ON THE WORLD WIDE WEB

• WEB PAGES CAN BE STATIC, DYNAMIC OR ACTIVE• STATIC PAGES Are fixed-content documents that are created and stored in a server. thus, show the

same content each time they are viewed. ( E.g bold word )

• DYNAMIC PAGES Have content that can change each time they are accessed. these pages are written

in scripting languages which run functions on the server that return information ( E.g, date)

• ACTIVE PAGES Are programs or scripts to be run at the client side ( E,g Applets, Scripts, Plug-in)

How web page worksSAMPLE WEB PAGE AND ITS SOURCE.• THE SOURCE CONTAINS THE INSTRUCTIONS THAT DEFINE THE CONTENTS,

LAYOUT, AND STRUCTURE OF A WEB PAGE.

• THE INSTRUCTION ARE WRITTEN IN HTML OR ANOTHER WEB AUTHORING TOOL USED IN CREATING THE PAGE

• THE BROWSER USES THESE INSTRUCTIONS TO INTERPRET AND DISPLAY THE WEB PAGE ON THE SCREEN

How the WEB works

3.SERVER ACCEPTS AND PROCESSES REQUEST FROM BROWSER

1. USER SENDS REQUEST 2. BROWSER INTERPRETS USER’S SELECTION AND MAKE REQUEST TO SERVER

4. SERVER SENDS REQUESTED FILE TO BROWSER TO BE INTERPRETED

5. USER RECEIVES FILE DESPLAYED BY THE BROWSER

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

Used to write software, process Web forms, fetch and display data, and perform all kinds of advanced functions.

TYPE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

DESCRIPTIONS

CGI (Common Gateway Interface)

• CGI program can be written in any programming languages, including C, Perl, and Visual Basic Script (VBScript).

• Commonly used to process a form on a Web page.

ASP (Active Server Pages) • Developed by Microsoft• A programming environment that processes scripts on a Web

server.• Often use for scripting.• End in the file extension .asp

.NET framework • Developed by Microsoft• More powerful than ASP for writing applications for the Web

PHP • Server-based language.• Frequently the language used to write open source• PHP functionality can be installed on Windows servers, it is

native to Linux server environment and commonly used there.

TYPE OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES

DESCRIPTIONS

Java/Java Applets • Developed by Sun Microsystems• Similar to C++• Can be used to write applications for both Web and non-Web

use.• Usually in form of Java servlets.• A Web page that links to a Java servlet has the file extension

.jspJavaScript • A very popular programming language created by Netscape

Communications.• Small programs written in this language are embedded

within a Web page, or fetched externally from within the page, to enhance the page’s functionality.

XML • XML (eXtensible Markup Language) is a mark-up language that enables Web designers to create customized tags to provide functionality not available with HTML alone.

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

• Used to create interactive Web applications.

SQL (Structured Query Language)

• Focuses on extracting data from databases.• Some Web sites are created extensively or entirely from

data stored in database tables.

Cascading Style Sheets

• Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), developed by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), is a feature of HTML that makes it possible to apply consistent formatting to the HTML documents in a Web site.

• CSS helps Web developers separate the design of a Web site from the content included in the Web site.

• CSS work by controlling how the information on a Web page or entire Web site is displayed.