Biotechnology and Genetic

Engineering

DNA Identification

• The repeating sequences in noncoding DNA

vary between individuals and thus can be used

to identify an individual.

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)

DNA Identification• Cutting DNA: Restriction Enzyme

– The DNA is then cut into fragments using restriction enzymes.

– Restriction enzymes recognize and cut specific nucleotide sequences.

DNA Identification

– Researchers use restriction enzymes to insert DNA

fragments into vectors.

– The resulting DNA from two different organisms is

called recombinant DNA.

DNA Identification

• Sorting DNA by Size: Gel Electrophoresis

– The fragments are separated by size using gel

electrophoresis.

DNA Identification

Genetic Engineering

• Genetic engineering has many applications

including:

– Medicine

– Agriculture

Genetic Engineering

• Gene Therapy

– Gene therapy refers to treating genetic disorders by

correcting a defect in a gene or by providing a normal form

of a gene.

Genetic Engineering

• Genetic engineering is used to produce

disease-resistant, pest-resistant, and

herbicide-resistant crops in an effort to

improve the yields and nutrition of the human

food supply.

Genetic Engineering

Think – Pair- Share

• Spend 5 minutes independently answering these questions:

1. Describe what biotechnology and genetic engineering are in your own words.

2. What is gel electrophoresis? What are some applications that it can be used for?

3. What are some possible ethical issues associated with genetic engineering? What are some potential benefits?

4. Do you think there should be restrictions on genetic engineering? Why or why not?

• Spend 10 minutes discussing your answers with the person next to you. How do your answers differ?