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Biomes & SuccessionEnvironmental Science
Review Organism Organization
▪ Molecules
▪ Cells
▪ (Tissue Organ Organ system)
▪ Organisms
▪ Population
▪ Community
▪ Ecosystem
▪ Biome
▪ Biosphere
Large region characterized by its particular climate and plant/animal communitiesA global ecosystem
3
Terrestrial Biomes
Climate determines how biomes are distributed.Species (plants/animals)are adapted for particular climates.
Major Factors: precipitation & temperature
Climate is determined by latitude and altitude
Latitude– distance from equator Altitude– height above sea level
As latitude and altitude increase, average temperatures decrease.
Tropical Rain Forest• Most biodiverse
terrestrial biome• Canopy &
understory• High
precipitation, high temperatures
Savanna• Equatorial • Seasonal precipitation• Warm, stable
temperatures• Grazing animals
Desert
• Very low precipitation
• Varying temperatures
Chaparral
• Hot & dry• Fires are common
Temperate Grasslands• Variable temperature &
precipitation• Prone to fires• Very fertile soil (due to
short life-span of grasses)
Temperate Forest (deciduous)
• Varying temperatures & precipitation
• Trees shed their leaves in fall
Coniferous Forest (Taiga)
• Very cold• Only snow• Conifers (evergreens)• aka “Boreal”
Tundra
• Very low precipitation
• Very low temperatures
• Permafrost
Aquatic Biomes/Ecosystems
Freshwater Factors that determine characteristics: oxygen, temperature, pH, sunlight, nutrients
• Photosynthesis occurs mostly near the surface
• Colder water holds more oxygen
• Quickly moving water holds more oxygen
Lake Zones
Wetlands (swamps, marshes, estuaries)
• Areas that are covered by water at least part of the year
• Nature’s filters
Marine Ecosystems (coral reefs, open oceans, tidal areas, coast)
Photosynthesis on the surface and in shallow areas
Marine Zones
Eutrophication1.Excess nutrients from pollutants… fertilizers, detergents,
organic materials. 2.Algal bloom3.Algae grow…..algae die4.Bacteria & other decomposers thrive, robbing other organisms
of oxygen
Succession– gradual process of change and replacement of the types of species in an ecosystem
▪ Species that are more adapted for survival can replace the previous species
▪ The ecosystem can over time change to another type of ecosystem
Title and Content Layout with Chart
Primary Succession– a new ecosystem forms where there has never been an ecosystem before
New land… a glacier recedes or volcanic lava forms new land
Secondary Succession– an ecosystem goes through trauma or change, becomes new ecosystem
Fire impacts the ecosystem, causes decades-long change