Biology 393

Final Review!2012

Round 1:The Cell Cycle and Mitosis

Question #1

What is the division of cytoplasm called?

Question #2

Region where sister chromatids attach to one another

Question #3

What is the fanlike microtubule structure called that helps direct chromosome movement?

Question #4

What phase of mitosis is shown here?

Question #5

What 3 phases of the cell cycle make up interphase?

Question #6

What is the purpose of mitosis and cell division?

Question #7

What organelle found only in animal cells sends out spindle fibers during mitosis and meiosis?

Question #8

In which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Question #1

As cells grows which increases at a greater rate the surface area or volume?

Question #2

What is the difference between haploid and diploid?

Question #3

During which phase of mitosis are sister chromatids separted from each other and pulled to the poles of the cell?

Question #4

L x W x H tells you what about a cube?

Question #5

In which phases of mitosis would you see X shaped chromosomes?

Question #6

How many chromosomes are in human somatic cells?

Question # 7

• What are the 3 checkpoints of the cell cycle?

Round 1 Answers1. cytokinesis2. Centromere3. Spindle4. Metaphase5. G1, S, G26. Produces more cells for growth, repair

and differentiation7. centioles8. S phase (synthesis)

Round 2

1. Volume2. Diploid- two full sets of

chromosomes, somatic cells, Haploid- only one set of chromosomes, sex cells or gametes

3. anaphase4. Volume of the cube5. Prophase and metaphase6. 467. G1, G2, and Mitosis

Round 3:Probability andBasic Genetics

Question #1

A son gets the Y chromosome from which parent?

Question #2

The actual appearance or feature that is shown for a trait is called the ________________

Question #3

If a coin is tossed 3 times what is the probability of getting tails all three times?

Question #4

This Mendelian Principle states that one of the alleles always overpowers the other allele.

Question #5

Which trait disappeared in the F1 generation but then reappeared in the F2 generation?

Question #6

Which of Mendel’s principles states that each parent can only pass on one of the two alleles they have for a trait.

Question #7

The actual alleles an organism possesses for a trait is called the _______________

Question #8

If you rolled a pair of dice what is the chance of getting double 6s?

Question #9

Someone who shows the dominant phenotype could have which possible genotypes?

Question #10

Which of Mendel’s principles explains why a tall plant with purple flowers and a short plant with white flowers could produce an offspring that is tall with white flowers?

Question #11

A specific genetic characteristic that can be inherited

Question #12

Mendel’s term for organisms that were the offspring of two different purebreds

Question #13

If the parental genotype for two traits is AaBb what gamete combinations are possible?

Question #14

A diagram used to show possible outcomes from a cross.

Question #15

When two hybrids are crossed, Aa x Aa, what is the resulting genotypic ratio?

Round 3 Answers:1. The father2. phenotype3. ½ x ½ x ½ = 1/84. Principle of dominance5. recessive6. segregation7. genotype8. 1/6 x 1/6 = 1/369. Homozygous dominant or heterozygous10. Independent assortment 11. Trait 12. hybrid13. AB, Ab, aB, ab14. Punnet square15. 1 AA, 2 Aa, 1 aa

Round 3:More Genetics

Question #1

1 pair of the human chromosomes are the sex chromsomes. What are the other 22 pairs of human chromosomes called?

Question #2

A picture of all the human chromosomes properly paired up is called _____________

Question #3

Why are traits carried on the X chromosome more common in males?

Question #4

Which type of trait typically forms a bell-curve when graphed?

Question #5

If one parent has blood type AB and the other parent has blood type O what are the possible blood types for their child?

Question #6

A diagram that shows inheritance patterns with in a family is called a ______________.

Question #7

When homologous pairs exchange parts of their chromosome it is called ______________

Question #8

If a female has a gene for an X-linked trait but does not show the trait herself she is said to be a _____________

Question #9

Neither allele truly dominates and the heterozygous shows a mix of both traits

Question #10

Because an individual can inherit an A, B or O allele from each parent this type of trait is called ________________

Question #11

Colorblindness and hemophilia are both examples of this type of trait.

Question #12

In this type of trait neither allele overpowers the other and the heterozygous shows BOTH phenotypes

Question #13

What is the probabilty that these parents will have a child with O blood type?

Parents: AO x AB

Question #14

What is the probability that these parents will have a child with B blood type?

Parents: AO x AB

Round 3 Answers:1. autosomes2. karyotype3. Males only have one X chromosome4. Polygenic trait 5. AO, BO6. pedigree7. Crossing over8. carrier9. Incomplete dominance10. Multiple allele trait11. X-linked or sex linked12. codominant13. 0%14. 25%

Round 4: Speed Round!!!

Question #1

What is the result of spermatogenesis?

Question #2

What is this structure called and when does it form?

Question #3

In which phase of the cell cycle are chromosomes visible?

Question #4

Process by which gametes are made

Question #5

What are the four blood types?

Question #6

What did Mendel call the first generation in his plant crosses?

Question #7

What is the likelihood that a particular event will occur?

Question #8

Who is considered the Father of Genetics?

Question #9

What sex chromosome(s) can the egg have?

Speed Round Answers:

1. 4 different sperm2. tetrad3. Mitosis or M phase4. meiosis5. A, B, O and AB6. P generation7. probability8. Mendel9. X

Round 5:DNA, RNA

and Protein Synthesis

Question #1

A sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus, determines a trait

Question #2

Name 3 differences between RNA and DNA

Question #3

How do the nitrogenous bases pair up?

Question #4

A ____________ is a set of three nucleotides that codes for a specific amino acid.

Question #5

This enzyme is responsible for the replication of DNA

Question #6

This type of RNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and adds them to the growing polypeptide chain.

Question #7

During this process mRNA is read and a polypeptide chain is formed.

Question #9

What 3 parts make up a DNA nucleotide?

Question #10

The process of synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template is called __________________

Question #11

The enzyme that unwinds and unzips DNA is called ________________

Question #12

Where does translation occur?

Round 5 Answers:1. gene2. RNA- contains uracil, sugar is ribose, single stranded, 3

kinds DNA- contains thymine, sugar is deoxyribose, double-stranded

3. Adenine- thymine, cytosine- guanine4. codon5. DNA polymerase6. tRNA7. transcription9. sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate, nitrogenous base10. Transcription11. helicase12. At a ribosome

Round 6:Evolution

Question #1

Inherited traits that allow an organism to fit better with in its environment are called _______________

Question #2

The two classification groups that make up the scientific name of an organism

Question #3

Organisms that do not have a true nucleus are called __________________

Question #4

The formation of a new species

Question #5

The study of an organisms evolutionary history is called…

Question #6

Random changes to a gene pool in a small population.

Question #7

Also known as Survival of the Fittest

Question #8

Father of Evolution

Question # 9

• What was his voyage called?

Question #10

He is responsible for binomial nomenclature

Question #11

Structures that have different mature forms in different organisms but stem from the same initial tissues

Question #12

Any remnant of a long dead organism found in the Earth

Question #13

What is the scientific name of Humans?

Round 6 Answers:1. adaptations2. genus, species3. prokaryotes4. speciation5. phylogeny6. Genetic drift7. Natural selection 8. Charles Darwin9. Beagle 10. Linneaeus11. Homologous structures12. Fossil13. Homo sapiens

Round 7:Circulation and Respiration

Question #1

Blood in the pulmonary artery will go here next.

Question #2

These vessels have thin walls and valves. Blood moves slowly through them.

Question #3

At their thinnest these vessels one cell thick

Question #4

The job of these blood cells is to function as the immune system

Question #5

The main job of these cells is the transport of oxygen

Question #6

The two types of circulation occurring simultaneously from the heart are…

Question #7

What characteristics of arteries allows them to withstand the pressure of blood surging from the heart?

Question #8

The tube that leads from the pharynx down into the lungs

Question #9

Structure in the trachea that contains the vocal cords

Question #10

Build up of plaque on the inner walls of the arteries

Question #11

Large, dome-shaped muscle that contracts and flattens during inhalation

Question #12

Air sacs in the lungs where gas exchange takes place

Question #13

Blood returning from the body enters which part of the heart?

Question #14

What type of blood vessel surrounds each alveoli?

Question #15

Straw-colored fluid that makes up about 55% of the blood

Round 7 Answers:1. The lungs2. veins3. capillaries4. White blood cells5. Red blood cells6. Pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation7. elastic, strong walls8. trachea9. larynx10. Atherosclerosis11. diaphagm12. alveoli13. Right atrium14. capillaries15. plasma

Round 8:Speed Round!

Question #1

What did Griffith call it when one strain of bacteria is altered by the intake of a gene from another bacteria?

Question #2

Proteins found in the nucleus in which DNA coils around in order to condense

Question #3

Any change in DNA sequence

Question #4

Where does transcription occur?

Question #5

Name a vestigial organ in humans

Question #6

The wall that separates the right side of the heart from the left side of the heart

Question #7

System that collects, cleanses and returns leaked fluid from the circulatory system

Question #8

Influenced Darwin by staing that the Earth is continually changing

Question #9

The ship that Darwin sailed on around the world

Question #10

Part of the brain that regulates the level of O2 in the body

THE END

Round 10 Answers:1. transformation2. histone3. mutation4. In the nucleus5. appendix, tail bone6. septum7. Lymphatic system8. Lyell9. The HMS Beagle10. Medula oblongata