BIOGRAPHYBIOGRAPHY BIOGRAPHYBIOGRAPHY

SIGMUND FREUDSIGMUND FREUDSIGMUND FREUDSIGMUND FREUD

biodatabiodatabiodatabiodata• Full Name : Full Name : Sigismund Schlomo Freud Sigismund Schlomo Freud • Born : Born : May 6May 6, , 18561856) ) FreibergFreiberg, , MoraviaMoravia, now the , now the

Czech RepublicCzech Republic• Residence : Residence : AustriaAustria, (later) , (later) EnglandEngland• Nationality : Nationality : AustrianAustrian• Ethnicity : Ethnicity : JewishJewish• Father’s Name : Father’s Name : JacobJacob• Mother’s Name : Mother’s Name : AmalieAmalie • Died : Died : September 23September 23, , 19391939 (aged 83) (aged 83) LondonLondon, , EnglandEngland • Field : Field : NeurologyNeurology, , PsychiatryPsychiatry, , PsychologyPsychology, , PsychotherapyPsychotherapy, ,

PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis• Institutions : Institutions : University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna• Alma mater : Alma mater : University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna• Academic advisor : Academic advisor : Jean-Martin Jean-Martin CharcotCharcot, (later) , (later) Josef Josef BreuerBreuer• Notable students : Notable students : Alfred AdlerAlfred Adler, , John John BowlbyBowlby, , Viktor Viktor FranklFrankl, ,

Anna FreudAnna Freud, , Ernest JonesErnest Jones, , Carl JungCarl Jung, , Melanie KleinMelanie Klein, , Jacques Jacques LacanLacan, , Fritz Fritz PerlsPerls, , Otto RankOtto Rank, , Wilhelm ReichWilhelm Reich, , Donald Donald WinnicottWinnicott

• Known for : Known for : PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis• Notable prizes : Notable prizes : Goethe PrizeGoethe Prize

Early studyEarly studyEarly studyEarly study• Owing to his precocious intellect, his parents favoured Owing to his precocious intellect, his parents favoured

him over his siblings from the early stages of his him over his siblings from the early stages of his childhood; and despite their poverty, they offered childhood; and despite their poverty, they offered everything to give him a proper education.everything to give him a proper education.

• Due to the Due to the economic crisis of 1857economic crisis of 1857, father Freud lost , father Freud lost his business, and the family moved first to his business, and the family moved first to LeipzigLeipzig, , Germany. Germany.

• In 1865, Sigmund entered the In 1865, Sigmund entered the Leopoldstädter Leopoldstädter CommunalCommunal RealgymnasiumRealgymnasium, a prominent high school, a prominent high school

• Graduated the Graduated the MaturaMatura in 1873 with honors. in 1873 with honors. • After planning to study law, Freud joined the medical After planning to study law, Freud joined the medical

faculty at faculty at University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna to study under Darwinist to study under Darwinist Prof. Prof. Karl ClausKarl Claus

• In 1876, he published his first paper about "the In 1876, he published his first paper about "the testiclestesticles of of eelseels" in the "Mitteilungen der " in the "Mitteilungen der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften“.österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften“.

• Owing to his precocious intellect, his parents favoured Owing to his precocious intellect, his parents favoured him over his siblings from the early stages of his him over his siblings from the early stages of his childhood; and despite their poverty, they offered childhood; and despite their poverty, they offered everything to give him a proper education.everything to give him a proper education.

• Due to the Due to the economic crisis of 1857economic crisis of 1857, father Freud lost , father Freud lost his business, and the family moved first to his business, and the family moved first to LeipzigLeipzig, , Germany. Germany.

• In 1865, Sigmund entered the In 1865, Sigmund entered the Leopoldstädter Leopoldstädter CommunalCommunal RealgymnasiumRealgymnasium, a prominent high school, a prominent high school

• Graduated the Graduated the MaturaMatura in 1873 with honors. in 1873 with honors. • After planning to study law, Freud joined the medical After planning to study law, Freud joined the medical

faculty at faculty at University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna to study under Darwinist to study under Darwinist Prof. Prof. Karl ClausKarl Claus

• In 1876, he published his first paper about "the In 1876, he published his first paper about "the testiclestesticles of of eelseels" in the "Mitteilungen der " in the "Mitteilungen der österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften“.österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften“.

Early workEarly workEarly workEarly work• In 1874, the concept of "In 1874, the concept of "psychodynamicspsychodynamics" was proposed with the " was proposed with the

publication of publication of Lectures on PhysiologyLectures on Physiology by German physiologist by German physiologist Ernst Wilhelm von BrückeErnst Wilhelm von Brücke who, in coordination with physicist who, in coordination with physicist Hermann von HelmholtzHermann von Helmholtz, one of the formulators of the , one of the formulators of the first law of thermodynamicsfirst law of thermodynamics ( (conservation of energyconservation of energy), supposed that ), supposed that all living organisms are energy-systems also governed by this all living organisms are energy-systems also governed by this principle. During this year, at the principle. During this year, at the University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna, Brücke , Brücke served as supervisor for first-year medical student Sigmund served as supervisor for first-year medical student Sigmund Freud who adopted this new "dynamic" physiology. In his Freud who adopted this new "dynamic" physiology. In his Lectures on PhysiologyLectures on Physiology, Brücke set forth the radical view that , Brücke set forth the radical view that the living organism is a the living organism is a dynamic systemdynamic system to which the laws of to which the laws of chemistrychemistry and and physicsphysics apply. apply.[7][7] This was the starting point for This was the starting point for Freud's dynamic psychology of the mind and its relation to the Freud's dynamic psychology of the mind and its relation to the unconsciousunconscious..[7][7] The origins of Freud’s basic model, based on the The origins of Freud’s basic model, based on the fundamentals of chemistry and physics, according to fundamentals of chemistry and physics, according to John BowlbyJohn Bowlby, , stems from stems from BrückeBrücke, , MeynertMeynert, , BreuerBreuer, , HelmholtzHelmholtz, and , and HerbartHerbart..[8][8] In In 1879, Freud interrupted his studies to complete his one year of 1879, Freud interrupted his studies to complete his one year of obligatory military service, and in 1881 he received his obligatory military service, and in 1881 he received his Dr. med.Dr. med. (M.D.) with the thesis "Über das Rückenmark niederer (M.D.) with the thesis "Über das Rückenmark niederer Fischarten" (on the Fischarten" (on the spinal cordspinal cord of lower of lower fishfish species). species).

• In 1874, the concept of "In 1874, the concept of "psychodynamicspsychodynamics" was proposed with the " was proposed with the publication of publication of Lectures on PhysiologyLectures on Physiology by German physiologist by German physiologist Ernst Wilhelm von BrückeErnst Wilhelm von Brücke who, in coordination with physicist who, in coordination with physicist Hermann von HelmholtzHermann von Helmholtz, one of the formulators of the , one of the formulators of the first law of thermodynamicsfirst law of thermodynamics ( (conservation of energyconservation of energy), supposed that ), supposed that all living organisms are energy-systems also governed by this all living organisms are energy-systems also governed by this principle. During this year, at the principle. During this year, at the University of ViennaUniversity of Vienna, Brücke , Brücke served as supervisor for first-year medical student Sigmund served as supervisor for first-year medical student Sigmund Freud who adopted this new "dynamic" physiology. In his Freud who adopted this new "dynamic" physiology. In his Lectures on PhysiologyLectures on Physiology, Brücke set forth the radical view that , Brücke set forth the radical view that the living organism is a the living organism is a dynamic systemdynamic system to which the laws of to which the laws of chemistrychemistry and and physicsphysics apply. apply.[7][7] This was the starting point for This was the starting point for Freud's dynamic psychology of the mind and its relation to the Freud's dynamic psychology of the mind and its relation to the unconsciousunconscious..[7][7] The origins of Freud’s basic model, based on the The origins of Freud’s basic model, based on the fundamentals of chemistry and physics, according to fundamentals of chemistry and physics, according to John BowlbyJohn Bowlby, , stems from stems from BrückeBrücke, , MeynertMeynert, , BreuerBreuer, , HelmholtzHelmholtz, and , and HerbartHerbart..[8][8] In In 1879, Freud interrupted his studies to complete his one year of 1879, Freud interrupted his studies to complete his one year of obligatory military service, and in 1881 he received his obligatory military service, and in 1881 he received his Dr. med.Dr. med. (M.D.) with the thesis "Über das Rückenmark niederer (M.D.) with the thesis "Über das Rückenmark niederer Fischarten" (on the Fischarten" (on the spinal cordspinal cord of lower of lower fishfish species). species).

Freud and Freud and PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis

• Group photo 1909 in Group photo 1909 in

front of front of Clark UniversityClark University. . Front row: Sigmund Front row: Sigmund Freud, Freud, Granville Stanley HallGranville Stanley Hall, , C.G.JungC.G.Jung; back row: ; back row: Abraham A. BrillAbraham A. Brill, , Ernest JonesErnest Jones, , Sandor FerencziSandor Ferenczi..

Freud and Freud and PsychoanalysisPsychoanalysis

• Group photo 1909 in Group photo 1909 in

front of front of Clark UniversityClark University. . Front row: Sigmund Front row: Sigmund Freud, Freud, Granville Stanley HallGranville Stanley Hall, , C.G.JungC.G.Jung; back row: ; back row: Abraham A. BrillAbraham A. Brill, , Ernest JonesErnest Jones, , Sandor FerencziSandor Ferenczi..

Freud'sFreud's apartment at 19 apartment at 19 BerggasseBerggasse

Freud'sFreud's apartment at 19 apartment at 19 BerggasseBerggasse

• Freud married Freud married Martha BernaysMartha Bernays in in 18861886, after , after opening his own medical practice, opening his own medical practice, specializing in specializing in neurologyneurology. After . After experimenting with experimenting with hypnosishypnosis on his neurotic on his neurotic patients, Freud abandoned this form of patients, Freud abandoned this form of treatment as it proved ineffective for many, treatment as it proved ineffective for many, in favor of a treatment where the patient in favor of a treatment where the patient talked through his or her problems. This talked through his or her problems. This came to be known as the "talking cure", came to be known as the "talking cure", though though feeling curefeeling cure may have been more may have been more accurate, as the ultimate goal of this talking accurate, as the ultimate goal of this talking was to locate and release powerful was to locate and release powerful emotional energy that had initially been emotional energy that had initially been rejected, and imprisoned in the unconscious rejected, and imprisoned in the unconscious mind. Freud called this denial of emotions "mind. Freud called this denial of emotions "repressionrepression", and he believed that it was often ", and he believed that it was often damaging to the normal functioning of the damaging to the normal functioning of the psyche, and could also retard physical psyche, and could also retard physical functioning as well, which he described as "functioning as well, which he described as "psychosomaticpsychosomatic" symptoms. (The term "talking " symptoms. (The term "talking cure" was initially coined by the patient cure" was initially coined by the patient Anna O.Anna O. who was treated by Freud's who was treated by Freud's colleague colleague Josef BreuerJosef Breuer.) The "talking cure" is .) The "talking cure" is widely seen as the basis of psychoanalysis.widely seen as the basis of psychoanalysis.[9][9]

• There has long been dispute about the There has long been dispute about the possibility that a romantic liaison possibility that a romantic liaison blossomed between Freud and his sister-in-blossomed between Freud and his sister-in-law, Minna Bernays, who had moved into law, Minna Bernays, who had moved into Freud's apartment at 19 Berggasse in Freud's apartment at 19 Berggasse in 18961896. . It has been suggested that the affair It has been suggested that the affair resulted in a pregnancy and subsequently resulted in a pregnancy and subsequently an abortion for Miss Bernays. A hotel log an abortion for Miss Bernays. A hotel log dated dated August 13August 13, , 18981898 seems to support the seems to support the allegation of an affair.allegation of an affair.

• Freud married Freud married Martha BernaysMartha Bernays in in 18861886, after , after opening his own medical practice, opening his own medical practice, specializing in specializing in neurologyneurology. After . After experimenting with experimenting with hypnosishypnosis on his neurotic on his neurotic patients, Freud abandoned this form of patients, Freud abandoned this form of treatment as it proved ineffective for many, treatment as it proved ineffective for many, in favor of a treatment where the patient in favor of a treatment where the patient talked through his or her problems. This talked through his or her problems. This came to be known as the "talking cure", came to be known as the "talking cure", though though feeling curefeeling cure may have been more may have been more accurate, as the ultimate goal of this talking accurate, as the ultimate goal of this talking was to locate and release powerful was to locate and release powerful emotional energy that had initially been emotional energy that had initially been rejected, and imprisoned in the unconscious rejected, and imprisoned in the unconscious mind. Freud called this denial of emotions "mind. Freud called this denial of emotions "repressionrepression", and he believed that it was often ", and he believed that it was often damaging to the normal functioning of the damaging to the normal functioning of the psyche, and could also retard physical psyche, and could also retard physical functioning as well, which he described as "functioning as well, which he described as "psychosomaticpsychosomatic" symptoms. (The term "talking " symptoms. (The term "talking cure" was initially coined by the patient cure" was initially coined by the patient Anna O.Anna O. who was treated by Freud's who was treated by Freud's colleague colleague Josef BreuerJosef Breuer.) The "talking cure" is .) The "talking cure" is widely seen as the basis of psychoanalysis.widely seen as the basis of psychoanalysis.[9][9]

• There has long been dispute about the There has long been dispute about the possibility that a romantic liaison possibility that a romantic liaison blossomed between Freud and his sister-in-blossomed between Freud and his sister-in-law, Minna Bernays, who had moved into law, Minna Bernays, who had moved into Freud's apartment at 19 Berggasse in Freud's apartment at 19 Berggasse in 18961896. . It has been suggested that the affair It has been suggested that the affair resulted in a pregnancy and subsequently resulted in a pregnancy and subsequently an abortion for Miss Bernays. A hotel log an abortion for Miss Bernays. A hotel log dated dated August 13August 13, , 18981898 seems to support the seems to support the allegation of an affair.allegation of an affair.

• In 1930, Freud received the In 1930, Freud received the Goethe PrizeGoethe Prize in appreciation of in appreciation of his contribution to psychology and to German literary his contribution to psychology and to German literary culture.culture.

• Three years later the Three years later the NazisNazis took control of took control of GermanyGermany and and Freud's books featured prominently among those burned Freud's books featured prominently among those burned by the Nazisby the Nazis..

• Freud decided to go into exile "to die in freedom". He and Freud decided to go into exile "to die in freedom". He and his family left Vienna in June 1938 and traveled to his family left Vienna in June 1938 and traveled to LondonLondon..

• A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to operations during his life due to mouth cancermouth cancer. In . In September 1939 he prevailed on his doctor and friend September 1939 he prevailed on his doctor and friend Max SchurMax Schur to assist him in suicide. to assist him in suicide.

• Schur administered three doses of morphine over many Schur administered three doses of morphine over many hours that resulted in Freud's death on September 23, hours that resulted in Freud's death on September 23, 19391939

• Freud's body was cremated at Freud's body was cremated at Golders Green CrematoriumGolders Green Crematorium in England during a service attended by Austrian in England during a service attended by Austrian refugees, including the author refugees, including the author Stefan ZweigStefan Zweig..

• In 1930, Freud received the In 1930, Freud received the Goethe PrizeGoethe Prize in appreciation of in appreciation of his contribution to psychology and to German literary his contribution to psychology and to German literary culture.culture.

• Three years later the Three years later the NazisNazis took control of took control of GermanyGermany and and Freud's books featured prominently among those burned Freud's books featured prominently among those burned by the Nazisby the Nazis..

• Freud decided to go into exile "to die in freedom". He and Freud decided to go into exile "to die in freedom". He and his family left Vienna in June 1938 and traveled to his family left Vienna in June 1938 and traveled to LondonLondon..

• A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 A heavy cigar smoker, Freud endured more than 30 operations during his life due to operations during his life due to mouth cancermouth cancer. In . In September 1939 he prevailed on his doctor and friend September 1939 he prevailed on his doctor and friend Max SchurMax Schur to assist him in suicide. to assist him in suicide.

• Schur administered three doses of morphine over many Schur administered three doses of morphine over many hours that resulted in Freud's death on September 23, hours that resulted in Freud's death on September 23, 19391939

• Freud's body was cremated at Freud's body was cremated at Golders Green CrematoriumGolders Green Crematorium in England during a service attended by Austrian in England during a service attended by Austrian refugees, including the author refugees, including the author Stefan ZweigStefan Zweig..

Freud's ideasFreud's ideas Freud's ideasFreud's ideas

• Freud has been influential in two Freud has been influential in two related but distinct ways. He related but distinct ways. He simultaneously developed a theory simultaneously developed a theory of how the human of how the human mindmind is organized is organized and operates internally, and how and operates internally, and how human human behaviorbehavior both conditions and both conditions and results from this particular results from this particular theoretical understanding. This led theoretical understanding. This led him to favor certain clinical him to favor certain clinical techniques for attempting to help techniques for attempting to help cure psychopathologycure psychopathology

• Freud has been influential in two Freud has been influential in two related but distinct ways. He related but distinct ways. He simultaneously developed a theory simultaneously developed a theory of how the human of how the human mindmind is organized is organized and operates internally, and how and operates internally, and how human human behaviorbehavior both conditions and both conditions and results from this particular results from this particular theoretical understanding. This led theoretical understanding. This led him to favor certain clinical him to favor certain clinical techniques for attempting to help techniques for attempting to help cure psychopathologycure psychopathology

Freud memorialFreud memorial Freud memorialFreud memorial

• Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud memorial in memorial in Hampstead, North Hampstead, North London. Sigmund and London. Sigmund and Anna Freud lived at 20 Anna Freud lived at 20 Maresfield Gardens, Maresfield Gardens, near to this statue. near to this statue. Their house is now a Their house is now a museum dedicated to museum dedicated to Freud's life and work. Freud's life and work. [1] The building behind [1] The building behind the statue is the the statue is the Tavistock Clinic, a major Tavistock Clinic, a major psychiatric institution.psychiatric institution.

• Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud memorial in memorial in Hampstead, North Hampstead, North London. Sigmund and London. Sigmund and Anna Freud lived at 20 Anna Freud lived at 20 Maresfield Gardens, Maresfield Gardens, near to this statue. near to this statue. Their house is now a Their house is now a museum dedicated to museum dedicated to Freud's life and work. Freud's life and work. [1] The building behind [1] The building behind the statue is the the statue is the Tavistock Clinic, a major Tavistock Clinic, a major psychiatric institution.psychiatric institution.

……THE END…THE END………THE END…THE END…

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PREPARED BYPREPARED BY

YUSMA AZAILIYUSMA AZAILI

NURAISYAHNURAISYAH

• NURHIDAYAHNURHIDAYAH

• TAUFIK HAIKALTAUFIK HAIKAL

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