bio F4 AKT 2011

SULIT

4551/1BIOLOGIKertas 1Oktober20111 ¼ jam

JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1. Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan. Jawab semua soalan.

2. Jawab dengan menghitamkanjawapan objektif.

3. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

4. Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang bergunabagi menjawab soalan. Rajsebaliknya.

5. Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan.

______________________________________________________________________Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 2

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JABATAN PELAJARAN MELAKA

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUNTINGKATAN 4 2011

BIOLOGI

KERTAS 1

Satu jam lima belas minit


Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 50 soalan. Jawab semua soalan.

Jawab dengan menghitamkan satu ruangan sahaja bagi setiap soalan dalam kertas

Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang bergunabagi menjawab soalan. Rajah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan

Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan.

______________________________________________________________________mengandungi 24 halaman bercetak termasuk kulit.

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angan sahaja bagi setiap soalan dalam kertas

Rajah yang mengiringi soalan dimaksudkan untuk memberi maklumat yang bergunaah tidak dilukis mengikut skala kecuali dinyatakan

Penggunaan kalkulator saintifik yang tidak boleh diprogramkan adalah dibenarkan.

______________________________________________________________________halaman bercetak termasuk kulit.

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1. The information above explain about organelleMaklumat di atas menerangkan tentang organel

A Cell wallDinding sel

` B LysosomeLisosom

2. Which of the organelles produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?Organel yang manakah yang menghasilkan adenosine trifosfat (ATP)?

A RibosomeRibosom

B MitochondrionMitokondria

3. The diagram 1 shows an animal cell.Rajah 1 menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.

Organelles X is found in abundance in the cellOrganel X padat dijumpai di dalam sel

A B

Sphere and oval shapeBerbentuk sfera atau bujur

Consists of genetic materialsMengandungi bahan genetic

Control cell division processMengawal proses

2

Answer all questions.Jawab semua soalan

above explain about organelleas menerangkan tentang organel

C NucleusNucleus

D RibosomeRibosom

Which of the organelles produces adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?anakah yang menghasilkan adenosine trifosfat (ATP)?

C Golgi apparatusJasad golgi

D Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

shows an animal cell.menunjukkan satu sel haiwan.

Diagram 1 // Rajah 1

is found in abundance in the cell. What is X?di dalam sel ini. Apakah X?

C D

Sphere and oval shapeBerbentuk sfera atau bujurConsists of genetic materialsMengandungi bahan geneticControl cell division processMengawal proses pembahagian sel

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Golgi apparatus

Endoplasmic reticulumEndoplasmic reticulum

C D

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4. Diagram 2 shows a process carried out by anRajah 2 menunjukkan satu proses dilakukan oleh satu Amoeba sp.

Name the process.Namakan proses ini.

A binary fissionbelahan dedua

B phagocytosisfagositosis

5. Diagram 3 shows three different types of muscleRajah 3 menunjukkan tiga jenis otot yang berbeza, M, N dan O.

M N

Which of the following body structures or organs contain musclesManakah yang berikut struktur badan dan organ mengandungi otot M, N atau O?

PseudopodiumFood particles

3

shows a process carried out by an Amoeba sp.menunjukkan satu proses dilakukan oleh satu Amoeba sp.

binary fission C diffusiondedua resapan

phagocytosis D osmoregulationfagositosis osmoregulasi

shows three different types of muscle M, N and O.menunjukkan tiga jenis otot yang berbeza, M, N dan O.

M N ODiagram 3/Rajah 3

Which of the following body structures or organs contain muscles M, N or O?Manakah yang berikut struktur badan dan organ mengandungi otot M, N atau O?

Pseudopodium

Diagram 2

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diffusionresapan

osmoregulationosmoregulasi

Manakah yang berikut struktur badan dan organ mengandungi otot M, N atau O?

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M

ABicep muscleOtot bisep

BTricep muscleOtot trisep

CHeartJantung

DTricep muscleOtot trisep

6. Diagram 4 shows four different organs in the human body.Rajah 4 menunjukkan empat organ yang berbeza di dalam badan manusia.

Which of the organs form the human excretory system?Organ yang manakah membentuk system perkumuhan manusia?

A I, II and III onlyI, II dan III sahaja

B I, II and IV onlyI, II dan IV sahaja

7. Cell membrane consists mainly ofMembran sel mengandungi terutamany

A Carbohydrate bilayer and proteinDwilapisan karbohidrat

B protein bilayer and phospholipidsDwilapisan protein dan fosfolipid

C lipid bilayer and proteinsDwilapisan lipid dan protein

D protein bilayer andDwilapisan protein dan karbohidrat

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N O

HeartJantung

IntestineUsus

StomachPerut

OesophagusEsofagus

ArteryArteri

Bicep muscleOtot bisep

IntestineUsus

HeartJantung

shows four different organs in the human body.menunjukkan empat organ yang berbeza di dalam badan manusia.

Diagram 4/Rajah 4

Which of the organs form the human excretory system?anakah membentuk system perkumuhan manusia?

C I, III and IV onlydan III sahaja I, III dan IV sahaja

D II, III and IV onlyI, II dan IV sahaja II, III dan IV sahaja

Cell membrane consists mainly ofmengandungi terutamanya

bilayer and proteinkarbohidrat dan protein

protein bilayer and phospholipidsDwilapisan protein dan fosfolipid

lipid bilayer and proteinslipid dan protein

protein bilayer and carbohydrateDwilapisan protein dan karbohidrat

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Oesophagus

Bicep muscleOtot bisep

I, III and IV onlyI, III dan IV sahaja

II, III and IV onlyII, III dan IV sahaja

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8. Diagram 5 shows a movement of ions across the plasma membrane. Name theprocess.Rajah 5 menunjukkan pergerakkan ion merentasi mambran plasma. Namakan proses ini.

A Flaccidflasid

B CrenationKrenasi

9. Digram 6 shows a red blood cell after has beenRajah 6 menunjukkan sel darah merah selepas direndam di dalam larutan hipertonik.

Which of the statement explain the phenomena?Kenyataan yang manakah menerangkan fenomena ini?

A water molecules move out from the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

B water molecule move into the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

C glucose molecule move out from the red blood cellmolekul glukosa bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

D glucose molecule move into the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

5

shows a movement of ions across the plasma membrane. Name the

menunjukkan pergerakkan ion merentasi mambran plasma. Namakan proses ini.

Diagram 5 / Rajah 5

C Active transportpengangkutan aktif

D Passive transportpengangkutan pasif

shows a red blood cell after has been immerse in a hypertonic solution.menunjukkan sel darah merah selepas direndam di dalam larutan hipertonik.

Diagram 6 / Rajah 6

Which of the statement explain the phenomena?Kenyataan yang manakah menerangkan fenomena ini?

water molecules move out from the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

water molecule move into the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

olecule move out from the red blood cellmolekul glukosa bergerak keluar dari sel darah merah

glucose molecule move into the red blood cellmolekul air bergerak masuk ke dalam sel darah merah

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shows a movement of ions across the plasma membrane. Name the

menunjukkan pergerakkan ion merentasi mambran plasma. Namakan proses ini.

ctive transportpengangkutan aktif

assive transportpengangkutan pasif

immerse in a hypertonic solution.menunjukkan sel darah merah selepas direndam di dalam larutan hipertonik.

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Epidermis

10. Diagram 7 shows a strip of a mustard green after it has been immersed in solution Z.Rajah 7 menunjukkan satu jalur sawi selepas direndam di dalam larutan Z.

Diagram 7 / Rajah 7What is solution Z?Apakah larutan Z?

A 0.1% salt solution C 1.5% sucrose solution0.1% larutan garam 1.5% larutan sukrosa

B Distilled water D 30% sucrose solutionair suling 30% larutan sukrosa

11. Diagram 8 shows the visking tube which filled with distilled water and soaked into saltsolution.Rajah 8 menunjukkan tiub visking yang diisikan dengan air suling dan direndam ke dalamlarutan garam

Diagram 8 / Rajah 8After 20 minutes the visking tube……..Selepas 20 minit,tiub visking akan……..

A will swell. C will shrunkakan membengkak akan mengecut

B No change occurred. D will burstTiada perubahan berlaku akan meletus

Beaker

Salt Solution

DistilledVisking

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12. Diagram 9 shows the structure of a plant cell before and after it has been immersed insolution P.Rajah 9 menunjukkan struktur sel tumbuhan sebelum dan selepas ia di rendam di dalamlarutan P.

Diagram 9 / Rajah 9

What is solution P and the process that takes place in the plant cell?Apakah larutan P ini dan proses yang berlaku dalam sel tumbuhan?

Solution P// Larutan P Process // proses

A Distilled waterAir suling

PlasmolysisPlasmolisis

B Distilled waterAir suling

DeplasmolysisDeplamolisis

C 10% sucrose solution10% larutan sukrosa

PlasmolysisPlasmolisis

D 15% sucrose solution15% larutan sukrosa

HaemolysisHemolisis

13. Table 1 shows the chemical elements present in each of the four organic substances. Whichsubstance A, B, C or D could be a nucleic acid?Jadual 1 menunjukkan unsur kimia ada di dalam setiap empat bahan organic. Bahan A, B, Catau D yang manakah mungkin asid nukleik?

OrganicsubstancesBahan organik

CarbonKarbon

HydrogenHydrogen

OxygenOksigen

NitrogenNitrogen

PhosphorusFosforus

A √ √ √ x xB √ √ √ x √C √ √ √ √ xD √ √ √ √ √

Table 1 / Jadual 1

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14. Diagram 10 shows four different levels ofRajah 10 menunjukkan empat aras organisasi struktur protein.

P Q R S

Which of the following is a correct match?Manakah yang berikut adalah padanan yang betul?

Primary structureStruktur primer

Secondary structureStruktur sekunder

A P

B Q

C R

D S

15. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?Kenyataan berikut yang manakah berkenaan enzim adalah benar?

A All enzymes in living organisms have an optimum temperature of 37°C.Semua enzim di dalam

B Enzymes increase the activation energy for the reactions they catalyse.Enzim meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan untuk tindakabalas katalis

C Enzymes are denatured at 0°C.Enzim ternyahasli

D Enzymes function as organic catalysts.Enzim berfungsi sebagai katalisme organik

8

shows four different levels of organisation of protein structure.menunjukkan empat aras organisasi struktur protein.

Q R S

Diagram 10 / Rajah 10

the following is a correct match?Manakah yang berikut adalah padanan yang betul?

Secondary structureStruktur sekunder

Tertiary structureStruktur tertiar

Quaternary struntureStruktur kuartener

Q R

S P

S Q

R Q

15. Which of the following statements regarding enzymes is true?Kenyataan berikut yang manakah berkenaan enzim adalah benar?

All enzymes in living organisms have an optimum temperature of 37°C.Semua enzim di dalam orranisma hidup mempunyai suhu optimum 37

Enzymes increase the activation energy for the reactions they catalyse.Enzim meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan untuk tindakabalas katalis

Enzymes are denatured at 0°C.Enzim ternyahasli pada 00C

Enzymes function as organic catalysts.Enzim berfungsi sebagai katalisme organik

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Quaternary struntureStruktur kuartener

S

R

P

P

All enzymes in living organisms have an optimum temperature of 37°C.orranisma hidup mempunyai suhu optimum 370C

Enzymes increase the activation energy for the reactions they catalyse.Enzim meningkatkan tenaga pengaktifan untuk tindakabalas katalisma

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16. Diagram 11 shows the mechanism of an enzymeWhich of the molecules P, QRajah 11 menunjukkan mekanisma satu enzim mengawal tindakbalas. Molekul P, Q, Ratau S mewakili enzim?

A P B

17. When there is an excess of substrate, which graph represents the effect ofIncreasing concentration of enzyme on the rate of reaction?Apabila terdapat subtract berlebihan, graf yang manakah mewakili kesan peningkatankepekatan enzim ke atas kadar tindakbalas?

18. Diagram 12 shows four test tubes labelled,contains 4 cm3 1% albumen suspension, 2 cmdilute HCl. The four test tubes aretemperatures at 5°C, 20°C, 37°C and 60°C. In whichwould the mixture turn completely clear after 10 minutes?

Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat tabung ujimengandungi 4 cm3 1% ampaian albumen, 2 cmEmpat tabung uji kemudian dieram dalam pengukus air berbeza dengan suhu 5370C dan 690C. Tabung uji berikut yang manakahsepenuhnya selepas 10 minit?

9


shows the mechanism of an enzyme-controlled reaction.Q, R, or S represents the enzyme?

Rajah 11 menunjukkan mekanisma satu enzim mengawal tindakbalas. Molekul P, Q, R

Q C R D

there is an excess of substrate, which graph represents the effect ofconcentration of enzyme on the rate of reaction?

Apabila terdapat subtract berlebihan, graf yang manakah mewakili kesan peningkatankepekatan enzim ke atas kadar tindakbalas?

shows four test tubes labelled, P, Q, R and S. Each test tubealbumen suspension, 2 cm3 1 % pepsin solution and 2 drops

dilute HCl. The four test tubes are then incubated in different water baths withtemperatures at 5°C, 20°C, 37°C and 60°C. In which of the following test tubeswould the mixture turn completely clear after 10 minutes?

Rajah 12 menunjukkan empat tabung uji berlabel P, Q, R dan S. Setiap tabung uji1% ampaian albumen, 2 cm3 1 % larutan pepsin dan 2 titis HCl cair.

Empat tabung uji kemudian dieram dalam pengukus air berbeza dengan suhu 5Tabung uji berikut yang manakah campurannya bertukar menjadi jernih

selepas 10 minit?

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Rajah 11 menunjukkan mekanisma satu enzim mengawal tindakbalas. Molekul P, Q, R

S

Apabila terdapat subtract berlebihan, graf yang manakah mewakili kesan peningkatan

1 % pepsin solution and 2 dropsthen incubated in different water baths with

following test tubes

berlabel P, Q, R dan S. Setiap tabung ujilarutan pepsin dan 2 titis HCl cair.

Empat tabung uji kemudian dieram dalam pengukus air berbeza dengan suhu 50C, 200C,campurannya bertukar menjadi jernih

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A P B

19. Which of the following are the correct sequence ofManakah yang berikut adalah urutan

A G1 phase ➞ G2 phaseFasa G1 ➞ Fasa

B G1 phase ➞ S phaseFasa G1 ➞ Fasa S

C S phase ➞ G1 phaseFasa S ➞ Fasa G1

D S phase ➞ G2 phaseFasa S ➞ Fasa G2

20. Which of the following statementsKenyataan berikut yang manakah adalah benar tentang

A Produced gametesMenghasilkan gamet

B Occurs in somatic cellsBerlaku di dalam sel

21. Diagram 13 shows a chromosome at Prophase IRajah 13 menunjukkan satu kromosom pada Profasa I

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Q C R D

Which of the following are the correct sequence of phase in interphase?Manakah yang berikut adalah urutan fasa yang betul di dalam interfasa?

G2 phase ➞ S phaseFasa G2 ➞ Fasa S

S phase ➞ G2 phaseFasa S ➞ Fasa G2

G1 phase ➞ G2 phaseG1 ➞ Fasa G2

G2 phase ➞ G1 phaseG2 ➞ Fasa G1

Which of the following statements is true about mitosis?Kenyataan berikut yang manakah adalah benar tentang mitosis?

Produced gametes C Produced four daughter cellsMenghasilkan gamet Menghasilkan empat sel

Occurs in somatic cells D Cell undergoes DNA replicationBerlaku di dalam sel somatic Sel mengalami replikasi DNA

hromosome at Prophase I.Rajah 13 menunjukkan satu kromosom pada Profasa I.


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S

Produced four daughter cellsMenghasilkan empat sel anak

Cell undergoes DNA replicationSel mengalami replikasi DNA

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What are structures P and Q?Apakah struktur P dan Q?

P

ACentromereSentromer

BCentromereSentromer

CCentrioleSentriol

DCentrioleSentriol

22.Diagram 14 show a longitudinal section of a flower.Rajah 14 menunjukan keratan memanjang bunga.

Where does meiosis occur in the flowerDimanakah meiosis berlaku di dalam bunga di dalam rajah 14?

A 1 and 2 only1 dan 2 sahaja

B 2 and 3 only2 dan 3 sahaja

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Q

Sister chromatidsKromatid beradik

Non-sister chromatidsKromatid tidak beradik

Sister chromatidsKromatid beradik

Non-sister chromatidsKromatid tidak beradik

Diagram 14 show a longitudinal section of a flower.Rajah 14 menunjukan keratan memanjang bunga.


Where does meiosis occur in the flower in diagram 14?Dimanakah meiosis berlaku di dalam bunga di dalam rajah 14?

C 2 and 4 only2 dan 4 sahaja

D 3 and 4 only3 dan 4 sahaja

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2 and 4 only2 dan 4 sahaja

3 dan 4 sahaja

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Diagram 15 / Rajah 1523. Diagram 15 shows the various stages in meiosis. Which of the following shows the

correct sequence of the stages?Rajah 15 menunjukkan pelbagai peringkat di dalam meiosis. Manakah yang berikutmenunjukkan urutan peringkat yang betul?

A S → Q → P → R C Q → P → R → S

B P → S → Q → R D P → Q → R → S

24. Diagram 16 can be represented as anaphase mitosis or anaphase ll meiosis.Rajah 16 boleh mewakili sebagai anafasa mitosis atau anafasa II meiosis.

Diagram 16 /Rajah 16

Determine the number of chromosomes in parents cell.Tentukan nombor kromosom di dalam sel induk.

Mitosis MeiosisABCD

6121224

1262412

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25 A forty year old woman is advised to take sufficient calcium daily to reduce the risk of..Wanita yang berumur empat puluh tahun adalah dinasihatkan untuk mengambil kalsiumyang mencukupi supaya dapat mengurangkan gejala..

A Hypertension C OsteoporosisTekanan darah tinggi osteoporosis

B Cardiovascular D Diabetes mellituskardiovaskular Kencing manis

26 Which vitamin is needed to avoid night blindness?Vitamin yang manakah diperlukan untuk mencegah penyakit rabun malam?

A vitamin A C vitamin CB vitamin B D vitamin D

27 All the following are heterotrophic organisms exceptSemua berikut adalah organisma heterotrophic kecuali

A Parasites C SaprophytesParasit Saprofit

B Holophytes D Chemosynthesis organismsHolofit Organism kemosintesis

28 Urea production in the body increases when the diet is rich in….Pembentukan urea dalam badan akan bertambah jika mengambil makanan yangbanyak mengandungi….

A Fat C MineralsLemak Mineral

B Protein D CarbohydratesProtein karbohidrat

29 Diagram 17 shows part of rabbit digestive system.Gambarajah 17 menunjukkan bahagian sistem pencernaan arnab.

Diagram 17 /Rajah 17

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Which of the following A, B, C and D contains microbes that help cellulose digestion?Di antara bahagian A, B, C dan D berikut yang manakah mengandungi mikrob yangmencernakan selulosa?

30. The following are four males, each having the same body weight. Which one ofthem requires the greatest daily intake of carbohydrates?Berikut adalah orang lelaki yang mempunyai berat yang sama. Di antara mereka, yangmanakah memerlukan pengambilan karbohidrat paling tinggi?

A 65 year old manlelaki berumur 65 tahun

B 18 year old school boyPelajar lelaki berumur 18 tahun

C 25 year old clerical officerPegawai perkeranian berumur 25 tahun

D 30 year old diabetes manlelaki kencing manis berumur 30 tahun

31 Diagram shows part of the human digestive system.Rajah menunjukkan bahagian dalam system penghadaman manusia.


Which of the following will result if X is removed?Antara berikut, apakah yang akan berlaku sekiranya X dibuang.

A Lipase is not producedlipase tidak akan dihasilkan

B Protein will not be digestedProtein tidak boleh dihadam

C Digestion of fats became slowPenghadaman lemak menjadi perlahan

D Pancreatic juice does not reach the duodenumJus pancreas tidak melalui sampai ke duodenum.

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32 The following shows the results of an experiment to determine the content ofvitamin C in pineapple juice.Berikut adalah keputusan eksperimen untuk menentukan kepekatan vitamin C di dalamjus nenas.

(1.3 cm3 of 0.1% ascorbic acid is needed to decolourise 1 cm3 of DCPIP solution.)(1.3 cm3 0.1% asid askorbik diperlukan untuk melunturkan 1 cm3 larutan DCPIP)

Use the above information to calculate the percentage of vitamin C in thepineapple juice.Dengan menggunakan maklumat di atas kirakan peratus kandungan vitamin C di dalamjus nenas .

A 0.026% C 0.038%

B 0.260% D 0.380%

33. Which of the following is the product of aerobic and anaerobic respiration inmuscles?Yang manakah di antara berikut merupakan hasil akhir respirasi 15naerobic didalam sel- sel otot?

34. What is the main substrate for energy production in cell?Apakah subsrat utama pembentukkan tenaga dalam sel?

A Fats. C ProteinLemak Protein

B ATP. D GlucoseATP Glukosa

Anaerobic respirationRespirasi anaerobik

Aerobic respirationRespirasi aerobik

A Lactic acidAsid laktik

EthanolEtanol

B Carbon dioxide and waterKarbon dioksida dan air

EthanolEtanol

C Lactic acidAsid laktik

Carbon dioxide and waterKarbon dioksida dan air

D Carbon dioxideKarbon dioksida

EthanolEtanol

Volume of pineapple juice = 3.4 cm3 Volume of DCPIP solution = 1 cm3

Isipadu jus nenas = 3.4 cm3 Isipadu larutan DCPIP = 1 cm3

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35. What causes an “oxygen debt”?Apakah kesan “ hutang oksigen”?

A A lack of glucosekekurangan glukosa

B A lack of carbon dioxideKekurangan karbon dioksida

C A lack of ATP molecules in the muscles cellsKekurangan molekul ATP dalam sel otot

D The accumulation of lactic acid in the muscle cellsPengumpulan asid laktik dalam sel otot

36. Which of the following substances have higher percentage in expired air thanin inspired air ?Antara bahan berikut yang mana mempunyai peratus yang lebih tinggi dalam udarahembusan berbanding udara sedutan?

I Carbon dioxideII NitrogenIII OxygenIV Water vapour

A I and II only C II and III onlyI dan II sahaja II dan III sahaja

B I and IV only D III and IV onlyI dan IV sahaja III dan IV sahaja

37. The above equation showsPersamaan dibawah menunjukkan

A Aerobic respiration C Anaerobic respirationRespirasi aerobic Respirasi anaerobic

B Hydrolysis of glucose D Condensation of glucoseHidrolisis glukosa Kondensasi glukosa

Glucose + oxygen→carbon dioxide + water + ATP

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38. Diagram 19 shows the graph of volume of the carbon dioxide taken in or released bya plant in forest at different light intensities.Rajah 19 menunjukkan graf isipadu karbon dioksida yang diambil atau dibebaskan olehtumbuhan hutan pada kadar keamatan cahaya yang berbeza.

Which of the following is true about the information obtained from theAntara yang berikut yang manakah benar tentang maklumat yang terkandung dalamGraf?

A At point W, the quantity of carbon dioxide released is zeroPada titik W, kuantiti karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan adalah kosong

B At point Y, the quantity of carbon dioxide released is maximumPada titik Y, kuantiti karbon dioksida dibebaskan adalah pada tahap maksimum.

C At point X, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equalPada titik X, kuantiti pengambisama.

D At point Z, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equalPada titik Z, kuantititi pengambilan dan pembebasan karbon dioksida adalahsama

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shows the graph of volume of the carbon dioxide taken in or released bya plant in forest at different light intensities.

menunjukkan graf isipadu karbon dioksida yang diambil atau dibebaskan olehtumbuhan hutan pada kadar keamatan cahaya yang berbeza.

Diagram 19/ Rajah 19

Which of the following is true about the information obtained from the graph?Antara yang berikut yang manakah benar tentang maklumat yang terkandung dalam

At point W, the quantity of carbon dioxide released is zeroPada titik W, kuantiti karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan adalah kosong

quantity of carbon dioxide released is maximumPada titik Y, kuantiti karbon dioksida dibebaskan adalah pada tahap maksimum.

At point X, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equalPada titik X, kuantiti pengambilan dan pembebasan karbon dioksida adalah

At point Z, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equalPada titik Z, kuantititi pengambilan dan pembebasan karbon dioksida adalah

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shows the graph of volume of the carbon dioxide taken in or released by

menunjukkan graf isipadu karbon dioksida yang diambil atau dibebaskan oleh

Antara yang berikut yang manakah benar tentang maklumat yang terkandung dalam

Pada titik W, kuantiti karbon dioksida yang dibebaskan adalah kosong

Pada titik Y, kuantiti karbon dioksida dibebaskan adalah pada tahap maksimum.

At point X, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equallan dan pembebasan karbon dioksida adalah

At point Z, the quantities of the intake and the release of carbon dioxide are equalPada titik Z, kuantititi pengambilan dan pembebasan karbon dioksida adalah

SULIT 4551/1

18

39. The following information shows the results of an experiment to determine theoxygen content in exhaled air using J-tube.Maklumat berikut menunjukkan keputusan suatu eksperimen untuk menentukankandungan oksigen dalam udara hembusan dengan menggunakan tiub -J .

Length of exhaled air column = 10.0 cmPanjang turus udara hembusan

Length of exhaled air column aftertreatment with potassium hydroxide = 9.6 cm

Panjang turus udara hembusan selepasdirawat dengan kalium hidroksida

Length of exhaled air column aftertreatment with potassium pyrogallate = 8.5 cm

Panjang turus udara hembusan selepasdirawat dengan kalium pirogalat

What is the percentage of oxygen content in the exhaled air?Apakah peratus kandungan oksigen di dalam udara hembusan?

A 4.2 % C 11.0 %

B 8.5 % D 21.0 %

40 Diagram 20 is a graph showing the change in air pressure in the alveolus during breathing.Rajah 20 ialah graf yang menunjukkan perubahan tekanan udara di dalam alveolus semasabernafas


Alv

eolu

sp

ressu

re(m

mH

g)

Atmospheric pressure

SULIT 4551/1

19

What happens at stage Q?Apakah yang berlaku pada peringkat Q?

I Atmospheric air is inhaledI Udara dari atmosfera disedut

II Rib cage is raisedII Sangkar rusuk menaik

III Diaphragm flattensIII Otot diafragma mendatar

IV External intercostals muscles relaxIV Otot interkosta luar mengendur

A I and II onlyI dan II sahaja

B I, II and III onlyI, II dan III sahaja

C III and IV onlyIII dan IV sahaja

D I, II, III and IVI, II, III dan IV

41 What is the correct sequence of ecological change that occurs to a barren land over along period of time?Apakah urutan perubahan ekologi yang berlaku pada sebidang tanah gondol dalamsatu tempoh yang panjang?

A Colonization, climax community, successionPengkolonian, komuniti klimaks, sesaran

B Colonization, succession, community climaxPengkolonian, sesaran, komuniti klimaks

C Succession, colonization, climax communitySesaran, pengkolonian, komuniti klimaks

D Succession, climax community, colonizationSesaran, komuniti klimaks, pengkolonian

SULIT 4551/1

20

42 Diagram 21 shows the recycling of nitrogenRajah 21 menunjukkan kitar nitrogen

Atmospheric nitrogen

Bacteria X Bacteria Y Legumes

Bacteria Z

Plant

Diagram 21/ Rajah 21

What is bacteria Y?Apakah bakteria Y?

A Nitrogen-fixing bacteria C Putrefying bacteriaBakteria pengikat nitrogen bacteria pengurai

B Denitrifying bacteria D Nitrifying bacteriaBacteria pendenitritan

43 Diagram 22 shows the energy flow in a typical ecosystem.Rajah 22 menunjukkan aliran pengaliran tenaga dalam satu ekosistem


SULIT 4551/1

21

Which of the following represent carnivorous organisms?Antara berikut yang manakah mewakili organisma karnivor?

A

B

1 and 21 dan 22 and 32 dan 3

C

D

1 and 51 dan 53 and 43 dan 4

44 Diagram 23 shows a mangrove swamp at the river mouth in the year 2007.Rajah 23 menunjukkan paya bakau ditebing sungai pada tahun 2007.

Diagram 23/rajah 23

Which of the following would represent the possible zonal shift at the river mouth in the year2050?Antara yang berikut yang manakah menunjukkan kebarangkalian pada tebing sungai tersebutpada tahun 2050?

A B

C D

Muddy beach/ pantai berlumpur

Avicennia sp.

Rhizophora sp.

Bruguiera sp.

Sonneratia sp.

Tropical rain forest/ Hutan hujan

tropika

SULIT 4551/1

22

45 A group of pest controller found out that estimated number of rats population in afarm is 450. In the experiment, they captured 72 rats in the first sample. Then, allthe rats are marked and released back into the farm. After a week, they get thesecond sample?

Satu kumpulan pencegah serangga perosak mendapati anggaran populasi tikus di sebuahladang ialah 450 ekor. Di dalam eksperimen tersebut,mereka menangkap 72 ekor tikusuntuk sampel yang pertama. Selepas itu kesemua tikus tersebut ditandakan dan dilepaskansemula ke dalam ladang. Selepas satu minggu mereka mendapatkan sampel yang kedua , 8daripadanya bertanda. Berapakah bilangan tikus ditangkap di dalam sampel yang keduatersebut?

A 1 B 50 C 500 D 405

46 What causes the oxygen content in a river to decrease when waste is disposedinto the river?Apakah yang menyebabkan kuantiti oksigen di dalam sungai merosot apabilabahan buangan di buang ke dalam sungai?

A The number of bacteria in the water increasesBilangan bakteria semakin bertambah di dalam air

B Poisonous substances are put into the waterBahan-bahan beracun yang telah dimasukkan ke dalam sungai

C Decomposition of algae by saphrofitic bacteriaPereputan alga oleh bakteria saprofit

D Increase of aquatic organisms in the waterPertambahan bilangan organisma akuatik di dalam air

47 Which of the following activities causes greenhouse effect?Antara yang berikut, aktiviti manakah boleh menyebabkan kesan rumah hijau?

A Logging/ pembalakkan

B Urbanisation/ Pembandaran

C Burning of fossil fuel/ Pembakaran bahan api

D Build more glass walled building/ Mendirikan banyak bangunan berkaca

SULIT 4551/1

23

48 The following information is about eutrophication.Pernyataan berikut adalah maklumat tentang eutrofikasi.

Which of the following sequences is correct about the eutrophication process?Antara yang berikut, urutan yang manakah betul tentang proses eutrofikasi.

A. S P Q R

B. P S R Q

C. S Q R P

D. Q S P R

49. The CFCs in the air condition of refrigerator have been replaced by HCFC.Which of the following statement explains the reason for the replacement?CFC di dalam penghawa dingin peti sejuk telah ditukarkan dengan HCFC. Antarapernyataan berikut yang manakah menerangkan sebab penikaran tersebut.

A HCFC reduce emission of chlorine that cause thinning of ozone layerHCFC mengurangkan perlanggaran klorin yang menyebabkan penipisanlapisan ozon.

B HCFC is not easily broken by the UV and help maintain the ozone layerHCFC tidak mudah terurai oleh UV dan membantu mengekalkan lapisan ozon

C HCFC is a lot cooler gas compared to CFCHCFC ialah gas sejuk berbanding CFC

D HCFC is heavy gas so it does not rise to ozoneHCFC ialah gas yang berat. Oleh itu ia tidak sampai ke lapisan ozon.

P – Algae grow and cover the surface of the lake

P - Pertumbuhan alga menutup permukaan tasik

Q – The rate of bacteria reproduction increase

Q - Kadar pertumbuhan bakteria meningkat

R – BOD value increase

R - Nilai BOD meningkat

S – Organic fertilizer flows into the lake

S - Kemasukkan baja organic di dalam kolam

SULIT 4551/1

24

50. Table 2 shows the results of an experiment to compare the water quality of twoareas, J and K, along a river.Jadual 2 menunjukkan keputusan eksperiment untuk membezakan kualiti air pada duakawasan J dan K, sepanjang sungai.

Water samplesampel air

Time taken for methylene blue solution to decolourise(minutes)Masa yang diambil untuk larutan methylene birumelunturkan warna (minit)

Area J/ Kawasan J 43

Area K/ Kawasan K 25

Table 2/ Jadual 2

Which of the following is valid explanation for the result?Antara yang berikut yang manakah mematuhi penerangan pada keputusan diatas?

A. The water sample from area J is less polluted than that of area KSample air daripada kawasan J adalah kurang tercemar daripada kawasan K

B. The water sample from area J has a higher B.O.D value than that of area KSample air daripada kawasan J mempunyai nilai B.O.D yang tinggi berbandingKawasan K

C. The water sample from area J has more microorganisms than that of area KSampel air daripada kawasan J mempunyai lebih banyak mikroorganisma berbandingKawasan K

D. The water sample with a higher B.O.D value takes a longer time to decolourise themethylene blue solution.Sampel air yang mengandungi kadar B.O.D yang tinggi mengambil masa yang lamauntuk Melunturkan warna larutan biru methylene.

END OF THE QUESTIONKERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN TINGKATAN 4 TAHUN 2011 NEGERI MELAKAPERATURAN PEMARKAHAN BIOLOGY (4551/1)

1 C 26 A

2 B 27 D

3 B 28 B

4 B 29 B

5 D 30 B

6 C 31 C

7 C 32 C

8 C 33 C

9 A 34 D

10D

35 D

11C

36 B

12C

37 A

13D

38 C

14C

39 C

15 A 40 B

16 B 41 B

17 A 42 A

18 C 43 D

19 B 44 D

20 B 45 D

21 A 46 C

22 C 47 C

23 A 48 A

24 A 49 B

25 C 50 C

SULIT 4551/2

1

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUN

TINGKATAN 4 2011

BIOLOGI

KERTAS 2


1. Tulis nama dan kelas anda pada ruangan yang

disediakan.

2. Kertas soalan ini adalah dalam dwibahasa.

3. Soalan dalam bahasa inggeris mendahului soalan

yang sepadan dalam bahasa melayu .

4. Calon dibenarkan menjawab keseluruhan atau

sebahagian soalan samada dalam bahasa inggeris

atau bahasa melayu.

5. Calon dikehendaki menjawab semua soalan dalam

Bahagian A dan mana-mana dua soalan dari

Bahagian B.

6. Jawapan kepada bahagian A dan bahagian B

hendaklah ditulis dalam ruangan jawapan yang

disediakan dalam kertas soalan.

7. Calon dikehendaki membaca maklumat di halaman

belakang kertas soalan ini.

Untuk kegunaan pemeriksa

Bahagian NoMarkah

penuh

Markah

diperolehi

A

1 12

2 12

3 12

4 12

5 12

B

6 20

7 20

8 20

9 20

JUMLAH 100

2½ jam

Dua jam tiga puluh minit

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 16 halaman bercetak

4551/2BIOLOGIKertas 2Oktober20112 1/2 jam

SULIT 4551/2

2

Section A

Bahagian A

(60minutes/60minit)

Anwer all questionsJawab semua soalan

1.

Diagram 1 shows the structure of a plant cell.Rajah 1 menunjukkan struktur satu sel tumbuhan.

Diagram 1/Rajah 1

a(i) On diagram 1, label the structure X, Y and Z.Pada rajah 1, labelkan struktur X, Y and Z.

(ii) State two functions of the Golgi apparatus.Nyatakan dua fungsi jasad Golgi.

1.____________________________________________________________

2.____________________________________________________________

b(i) Explain the role of Y to maintain cell turgidity.Terangkan peranan Y dalam mengekalkan kesegahan sel.

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

ForExaminer’s

Use

1(a)(ii)

2

1(a)(i)

3

SULIT 4551/2

3

c Every somatic cell has a potential to form a complete new organism.Setiap sel soma berpotensi untuk membentuk organisma baru yang serba lengkap.

(i) Name the technique used to produce new plants in large quantities.Namakan teknik yang digunakan untuk menghasilkan pokok-pokok baru dengan banyak.

_____________________________________________________________

(ii) By using one suitable part of the plant, explain the technique in 1(c)(i).Dengan menggunakan satu bahagian tumbuhan yang sesuai, huraikan teknik di 1(c)(i).

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

1(c)(i)

1

1(c)(ii)

4

Total 1

12

ForExaminer’s

Use

SULIT 4551/2

4

2. (a) The names of most enzymes are derived from the names of the substrates theycatalyses.In Table 1, match the following substrates with the specific enzymes thatinvolved in the digestive system of humans .Nama bagi kebanyakan enzim diambil daripada nama substrat yang dimangkinkan.Padankan substrat di dalam Jadual 1 dengan enzim yang terlibat di dalam sistempencernaan manusia.

Substrate/Substrat Enzyme/Enzim

Lactose/Lactosa

Sucrose/Sukrosa

Starch/Kanji

Protein/Protein

Table1/Jadual 1

(b) Diagram 2.1 shows the lock and key hypothesis in enzyme action.Rajah2.1 menunjukkan hipotesis kunci dan mangga dalam tidakan enzim.

Diagram 2.1/ Rajah 2.1

Draw the diagram in the spaces IV and V provided in diagram 2 to complete themechanism of the enzyme reaction.Lukis rajah dalam petak IV dan V yang disediakan dalam rajah 2 untukmelengkapkan mekanisme tindakan enzim .

2(a)

3

2(b)

2

For

Examiner’s

Use

SULIT 4551/2

5

(c)

(i)

Based on diagram 1.1, describeBerdasarkan rajah 1.1 , huraikan

which characteristic of the enzyme is explained by this hypothesis.ciri enzim yang diterangkan oleh hipotesis ini

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

(ii) the enzymes action based on this hypothesistindakan enzim berdasarkan hipotesis ini

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

(d) The effect of different substrate concentration on the rate of anenzyme-catalysed reaction can be seen on the graph in diagram 2.2.Kesan kepekatan substrat yang berbeza ke atas tindakan katalisis enzim dapat dilihatpada graf dalam rajah 22.

Diagram 2.2/Rajah 2.2

Based on the graph in diagram 2.2, explain the enzymes action at Q.Berdasarkan pada graf dalam rajah 2.2, terangkan tindakan enzim pada Q.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

2(c)(ii)

2

2(c)(i)

2

Total 2

12

2(d)

3

ForExaminer’s

Use

SULIT 4551/2

6

3 Diagram 3.1 shows the changes during breathing mechanism that occurs inhealthy person.Rajah 3.1 menunjukkan perubahan semasa mekanisma pernafasan yangberlaku pada individu sihat.

Process X/Proses X Process Y/Proses Y


(a) Give three differences between process X and process Y.Berikan tiga perbezaan di antara proses X dan proses Y

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

3(a)

1(b)(i)

32

For

Examiner’s

Use

SULIT

(b)

(i)

Diagram 3.2respiratory mechanism The string in the model of the lungs is pulleddown.Draw the changes to the thin rubber sheet and the balloons3.2(b) below.Rajah 3.2respirasi. Tali pada model peparu itu ditarik. Lukiskan keadaan padakepingan getah nipis dan belon pada rajah 3.2

(ii) Observe your drawing in (b)(i). Explain the relationship between thechanges in the model of the lungs you have drawn and the real humanrespiratoryPerhatikan lmodel peparu yang anda lukis dengan

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

____________________________________

(c) The thin rubber sheet represents the diaphragm inrespiratory system.model of the lungs ?Kepingan getah nipis mewakili diafragma dalam sistem respirasiApakah fungsi kepingan getah nipis dalam model peparu itu ?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

7

Diagram 3.2(a) represents a model of the human lungs in therespiratory mechanism The string in the model of the lungs is pulled

Draw the changes to the thin rubber sheet and the balloonsbelow.

Rajah 3.2(a) mewakili model peparu manusia dalam mekanismerespirasi. Tali pada model peparu itu ditarik. Lukiskan keadaan padakepingan getah nipis dan belon pada rajah 3.2(b) di bawah

(a)

Observe your drawing in (b)(i). Explain the relationship between thechanges in the model of the lungs you have drawn and the real humanrespiratory system.Perhatikan lukisan anda di (b)(i).Terangkan perkaitan antara perubahan pada

peparu yang anda lukis dengan sistem respirasi manusia sebenar.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

The thin rubber sheet represents the diaphragm in the humanrespiratory system. What is the function of the thin rubber sheet in themodel of the lungs ?Kepingan getah nipis mewakili diafragma dalam sistem respirasiApakah fungsi kepingan getah nipis dalam model peparu itu ?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________


4551/2

represents a model of the human lungs in therespiratory mechanism The string in the model of the lungs is pulled

Draw the changes to the thin rubber sheet and the balloons in diagram

mewakili model peparu manusia dalam mekanismerespirasi. Tali pada model peparu itu ditarik. Lukiskan keadaan pada

di bawah.

(b)

Observe your drawing in (b)(i). Explain the relationship between thechanges in the model of the lungs you have drawn and the real human

kan perkaitan antara perubahan padasistem respirasi manusia sebenar.

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

___________________________

the humanWhat is the function of the thin rubber sheet in the

Kepingan getah nipis mewakili diafragma dalam sistem respirasi manusia.Apakah fungsi kepingan getah nipis dalam model peparu itu ?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

3(c)

1

3(b)(ii)

3

3(b)(i)

2

For

Examiner’s

Use

SULIT 4551/2

8

(d)

(i)

The percentages of oxygen and carbon dioxide gases in inspired andexpired air is determined by using the J-tube.Peratus gas oksigen dan gas karbon dioksida dalam udara sedutan dan udarahembusan ditentukan dengan menggunakan tiub-J.

Why is the end of the J-tube dipped in potassium hydroxide solution andthen followed by potassium pyrogallol solution?Mengapakah hujung tiub-J dicelupkan ke dalam larutan kalium hidroksidadan diikuti dengan larutan pirogalat ?

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

(ii) Table 2.1 shows the result of a study on the content of inspired andexpired air.Jadual 2.1 menunjukkan keputusan kajian tentang kandungan udara sedutan

dan udara hembusan

Type of gas Inspired air / % Expired air / %

Oxygen 21.0 16.0

Carbon dioxide 0.04 4.0

Nitrogen gas 78.0 78.0

Water vapour Vary Saturated

Table 2.1/Jadual 2.1

Explain why there is an increase in percentage of carbon dioxide in theexpired air.Terangkan mengapa terdapat peningkatan peratus karbon dioksida dalamudara hembusan_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

3(d)(ii)

2

3(d)(i)

1

Total 3

12

For

Examiner’s

Use

SULIT 4551/2

9

4 Diagram 4.1 shows the transport of nutrients X, Y and Z to the liver and the body cells.Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan pengangkutan nutrien X, Y dan Z ke hati dan sel badan.


(a ) Label the nutrients in diagram 4.1.Labelkan nutrient dalam rajah 4.1

X: ………………………………………………

Y: ……………………………………………

Z: ……………………………………………..

(b)(i) The small intestine in diagram 4.1 has numerous projections.Draw and label a longitudinal section of one of these projections in the spacebelow.Usus kecil pada rajah 4.1 terdiri daripada banyak unjuran.Lukis dan labelkan keratan menegak satu unjuran itu di ruang kosong di bawah

For

Examiner’s

Use

4(a)

3

4b)(i)

2

SULIT 4551/2

10

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________

(ii) State the process that occurs in the projection drawn in (b).Nyatakan proses yang berlaku pada unjuran yang dilukis di (b)._________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

(c) State one characteristic of the projections drawn in (b) that will help theprocess in (c)(i) to function efficiently.Nyatakan satu ciri pada unjuran yang dilukiskan di (b) yang membolehkanproses di (c)(i) berlaku dengan cekap.

_________________________________________________________________

(d) Excess nutrient Y cannot be stored in the body and are broken down in the liverby one process. Name a process.Nutrien Y berlebihan tidak dapat disimpan dihati dan akan diuraikan melaluisatu proses. Namakan proses tersebut.

_________________________________________________________________

(e) Nutrient Z is absorbed through a different circulatory system compared tonutrient X and nutrient Y.Nutrien Z diangkut oleh sistem peredaran yang berbeza jika dibandingkan dengannutrien X dan nutrien Y

(i) Name the circulatory system involved in transporting nutrient X and nutrient Y.Namakan sistem peredaran yang mengangkut nutrien X dan nutrien Y.

_________________________________________________________________

(ii) Describe how nutrient Z is drained back into the circulatory system which isnamed in (e)(i).Huraikan bagaimanakah nutrien Z akan kembali ke sistem peredaran yang dinamakandi(e)(i).

Examiner’s

4(e)(i)

1

4(b)(ii)

1

4(c)

1

4(d)

1

4(e)(ii)

3

SULIT 4551/2

11

5 Diagram 5 shows a profile transect of a mangrove swamp.Rajah5 menunjukkan satu profil di kawasan paya bakau.

Diagram 5/Rajah 5

(a ) Name one species each represents zones R and S. Describe the adaptive structureof root system for each species.Nyatakan satu spesies tumbuhan yang mewakili Zon R dan Zon S. Huraikanstruktur penyesuaian sistem akar bagi setiap spesies yang dinyatakan.

Zone R:

__________________________________________________________

Description/Penerangan:

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

Zone S:

__________________________________________________________

Description/Penerangan:

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________

High tide

air pasang

Low tide

air surut

Muddy bank

Tebing lumpur

ZONE R ZONE S ZONE T Time

Masa

5(a)

4

For

Examiner’s

Use

SULIT 4551/2

12

(b)(i) Name the process involve to form zones S and T.Namakan proses yang menyebabkan zon S dan zon T terbentuk.

_________________________________________________________________

(ii) Explain how the process in (b)(i) can happen?Terangkan bagaimana proses di (b)(i) berlaku?

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

(c) Mangrove swamps area contain the lowest amount of oxygen, muddy soft soiland submerged by high tide. Name the way of reproduction of species in zone Sto solve that problem?Kawasan paya bakau mengandungi kandungan oksigen yang kurang, tanah yangberlumpur dan selalu ditenggelami oleh air pasang. Namakan cara pembiakan spesiestumbuhan di zon S bagi mengatasi masalah tersebut?

________________________________________________________________

(d)

(i)

A chemical factory is built near the mangrove swamps area. The untreated wasteis discharged directly into the sea.Kawasan paya bakau itu telah didirikan kilang yang berasaskan industri kimia.Bahan buangan industri itu disalurkan terus ke pantai berhampiran.

Explain the effects of the untreated waste on the mangrove swamps ecosystem.Terangkan kesan aktiviti kilang tersebut terhadap ekosistem paya bakau.

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

(ii) Suggest one method to minimize the effects in (d)(i).Cadangkan satu cara untuk mengurangkan kesan di (d)(i).

___________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________

5(d)(ii)

1

5(d)(i)

2

5(c)

1

5(b)(ii)

3

5(b)(i)

1

Total 5

12

ForExaminer’s

Use

SULIT 4551/2

13

16

Dapatkan skema Jawapan di Laman[L

ww.banksoalanspm.com

Section BBahagian B

(40 marks)

Answer any two questions from this section.Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini

6. (a) Diagram 6.1 shows how the respiratory gases are transported in thehuman body.Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan bagaimana gas respirasi diangkut dalam badan manusia.

Diagram 6.1

(i) Based on Diagram 6.1, explain how the transport of oxygen andcarbon dioxide takes place in the body cellsBerdasarkan Rajah 6.1, terangkan bagaimanakah pengangkutan oksigen dankarbon dioksida berlaku di dalam sel-sel badan.

[6 marks]

(ii) Describe the adaptations of the alveolus for gaseous exchange.Terangkan penyesuaian pada alveolus yang membolehkannya utuk melakukanproses pertukaran gas.

[4 marks]6. b) Describe what will happens if these cells are placed in distilled water:

Huraikan apa yang akan berlaku terhadap sel berikut apabila direndam di dalam airsuling:

i. onion epidermal cellssel epidermis bawang

ii. red blood cellssel darah merah

iii. Paramecium sp.Paramesium sp.

[10 marks]

SULIT 4551/2

14

7. (a) What are the similarities and differences between mitosis and meiosis?Apakah persamaan dan perbezaan antara mitosis dan meiosis.

[4 marks]

(b)

i) State the advantages and disadvantages of this technique.Nyatakan kebaikan dan keburukan teknik tersebut.

[6 marks]

(c)

(i) If the cell divides out of control, explain the effects on the cell.Jika pembahagian sel ini berlaku secara tidak terkawal, terangkan kesannyaterhadap sel.

[4 marks]

(ii) State the substance which can cause uncontrolled cell division and how this can beavoided.Nyatakan bahan yang menyebabkan pembahagian sel secara tidak terkawal dan bagaimanakeadaan ini dapat dielakkan .

[6 marks]

“Dolly” the sheep was the first vertebrate cloned from the cell of an adult

animal in 1997. That was a remarkable scientific breakthrough and it gained

interest and concern from around the world on the of cloning and how it would

affect humans.

“Dolly” si biri-biri merupakan haiwan vertebrata pertama yang diklon daripada sel

haiwan dewasa pada tahun 1997. Ia merupakan satu penemuan saintifik yang amat

bermakna dan telah menimbulkan minat dan perhatian daripada pelbagai pihak di

seluruh dunia terhadap pengklonan dan bagaimana ia memberi kesan ke atas manusia.

Cell division results in the growth of an organism. However, if the cell division occurs

in an uncontrolled manner, then it can cause bad effects.

Pembahagian sel menyebabkan pertumbuhan pada organisma. Akan tetapi, sekiranya

pembahagian sel itu berlaku secara tidak terkawal, ia akan menyebabkan kesan yang

buruk.

SULIT 4551/2

15

Table 8 shows the nutrients content of food.Jadual menunjukkan kandungan nutrisi dalam makanan.

Table 8: Nutrients content in 100g parts of the eaten foodJadual 8 : Kandungan Nutrien Per 100g Bahagian Yang Dimakan

(a) Based on Table 8 above, suggest the suitable menu for;Berdasarkan Jadual 8 di atas, cadangkan menu yang sesuai bagi

(i ) Pregnant motherIbu mengandung

(ii) TeenagerRemaja

Give the justification for the menu that you chooseBerikan justifikasi untuk menu yang dipilih.

[10 marks]

FoodMakanan

ProteinProtein

(g)

LipidLipid

(g)

CarbohydrateKarbohidrat

(g)

MineralsMineral

VitaminsVitamin

CalsiumKalsium

(mg)

FerumFerum(mg)

A(µg)

D(µg)

B1(mg)

B2(mg)

B3(mg)

C(mg)

Rice

Nasi6.2 1.0 86.8 4 0.4 0 0 0.08 0.03 1.5 0

Whitebread

Roti putih

8.0 1.7 54.3 100 1.7 0 0 0.18 0.03 2.6 0

Potato

Kentang1.4 0 19.7 4 0.5 0 0 0.08 0.03 1.2 12

Meat

Daging18.1 17.1 0 7 1.9 0 0 0.06 0.19 8.1 0

Egg

Telur12.3 10.9 4.2 100 0.1 155 0.1 0.09 0.47 3.7 0

Milk

Susu3.3 3.8 4.8 120 0.1 44 0.05 0.04 0.15 0.9 1

Carrot

Lobak0.7 0 5.4 48 0.6 2000 0 0.06 0.05 0.7 1

SULIT 4551/2

16

(b) Based on the above statement, explain the necessity for food processing.Berdasarkan pernyataan di atas, terangkan keperluan pemprosesan makanan.

[10 marks]

9. (a) The green house effect is an environmental issue that is always being discussed.

Explain how the green house effect occurs.

Describe the green house effect on the environment and living organisms on the earth.

Kesan rumah hijau adalah isu alam sekitar yang sering dibincangkan.Terangkan bagaimana kesan rumah hijau berlaku.

Huraikan kesan rumah hijau ke atas alam sekitar dan organisma yang hidup di atas bumi.

[10marks]

(b) Development that is not planned and managed properly has broughtnegative effects to the ecosystem such as land erosion, flash flood,landslides, global warming, thinning of the ozone layer, climate change andthe extinction of certain species.

Pembangunan yang tidak terancang dan terurus dengan teliti boleh membawa kesannegatif kepada ekosistem seperti hakisan tanah, banjir kilat, tanah runtuh, pamanasanglobal, penipisan lapisan ozon, perubahan iklim dan kepupusan spesis tertentu.

Based on the above statement, describe the effects of unplanneddevelopment and improper management of the ecosystem.

Berdasarkan kenyataan di atas, terangkan kesan pembangunan yang tidakterancang dan terurus dengan teliti kepada ekosisitem.

[10 marks]

END OF QUESTION PAPERKERTAS SOALAN TAMAT

Food preservation involves methods of preparing food to

extend the life span and to avoid wastage of food.

Pengawetan makanan melibatkan kaedah peyediaan untuk

memanjangkan tempoh hayat dan mengelakkan pembaziran

makanan.

1

No. Marking Criteria Marks

1(a)(i) 1.a(i) X: cell wallY: vacouleZ: chloroplast

(ii) 1. Process or modified centre of carbohydrate /protein/ lipid2. Packaging centre of carbohydrate /protein/ lipid3. Transpotation centre of carbohydrate /protein/ lipid

Any 2

(b)(i) Y containing cell sap/water/sugar/ mineral salt when the vacuole gain water causing the vacuole expand and

swell up the plasma membrane push against the cell wall, cell become

turgidAny 2

(c)(i) cloning/culture tissue

(ii)1. The explants/ tissue taken from the parent plant2. put it into the sterile culture medium containing nutrients

and growth hormones3. The explants divide by mitosis to form a callus4. Cell in the callus develop into embryos & later into

plantlets

3m

2m

2m

1m

4m

12marks

2


2(a)(i) Able to match the following substrates with specific enzymes thatinvolved in the digestive system of humans.

Substrate Enzymes

Lactose Lactase

Sucrose Sucrase

Starch Amylase

Protein Pepsin/Protease/Trypsin/Erepsin/Rennin

Note:4 correct : 3 marks2-3 correct : 2 marks1 correct : 1 mark

1

1

1

1

3

2(b) Able to draw the diagram in the spaces IV and V provided in Figure 1.1to complete the mechanism of the enzyme reaction.

Sample Answer 1 + 1 2

3


( c )( i) Able to describe characteristic of the enzyme is explained by thishypothesis

Sample Answer

Enzyme have specific sites called active sites (to bind to specificsubstrates)

Enzyme are highly specific in action // (that is) each enzyme can onlycatalyse one kind of substrate

or

Enzyme remain unchanged at the end of the reaction They are not destroyed by the reactions they catalyse

or

Most enzyme-catalysed reactions are reversible Enzymes can catalysed the reaction in either direction

1

1

11

11

2

(ii) Able to describe the enzyme action based on this hypotesis

Sample Answer

A specific substrate molecule arrives at the active site of the enzymemolecule.

The substrate molecule binds to the active site to form an enzyme-substrate complex which is very unstable.

The enzyme is free to take another substrate molecule into its activesite to catalyse another reaction.

Product molecules leave the active site of the enzyme.[Any two]

1

1

1

1

2

4


2( d ) Able to explain the enzyme action at Q

Sample Answer

At Q, the concentration of substrate is high // an access of substratemolecules.

The active site of enzyme molecules are filled / fully occupied by thesubstrate molecules // The enzyme is said to be saturated.

The rate will not increase further (and become constant) // thereaction is at a maximum rate.

The concentration of enzymes become a limiting factor.

[Any three]

TOTAL = 12 MARKS

1

1

1

1

3

5

ITEMNO

SCORING CRITERIA MARKS REMARKS

3 (a)

(b) (i)

(b) (ii)

(c)

Able to state the differences between process X andprocess YAnswer :

Process X Process YInspiration process Expiration processThe external intercostalmuscles contract / internalintercostal muscles relax

The external intercostalmuscles relax / internalintercostal musclescontract

Diaphragm musclescontracts/diaphragm movedownwards and flattened

Diaphragm musclesexpand / diaphragm moveupwards and arched

The rib cage to moveupwards and outwards

The rib cage to movedownwards and inwards

The volume of thethoracic cavity to increase

The volume of thethoracic cavity todecrease

The pressure of thethoracic cavity/lungdecrease

The pressure of thethoracic cavity/lungincrease

High atmospheric pressureof the outside forces airinto the lungs

High atmosphericpressure inside the lungsforces air out of the lungs

Able to draw the changes to the1 – Thin rubber sheet.2 – BalloonsSample answer:1 – The thin rubber sheet is pulled down /

lower than the original position.2 – Both balloons inflated

Able to explain the relationship between the changes inthe model of the lungs in (b) (i) and the actual respiratorysystem based on the following criteria :1 – Diaphragm muscles

contracts/diaphragm flattened.2 – Causes increase in volume of thoracic

cavity3 – Causes air pressure in lungs/thoracic

cavity to decrease4 – Air is forced in

Able to state the function of the thin rubber sheetSample answer:To change the volume and pressure inside the model of

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

11

1

3

2

3

1

Any three

Any three

6

the lung.

3 (d)(i)

(d) (ii)

Able to state the reason why the end of the J-tube isimmersed in potassium hydroxide solution and is thenfollowed by potassium pyrogallol solution.Sample answer :1 – Potassium pyrogallol solution

absorbs both oxygen and carbondioxide // Potassium hydroxidesolution absorbs carbon dioxide only

Able to explain why there is an increase in the percentageof carbon dioxide in the expired air based on the followingcriteria :F – Process of producing carbon dioxideE – Carbon dioxide transport from cells

to the lungsSample answer :F – Carbon dioxide is the product of cell

respiration (in the body)E1 – Carbon dioxide diffuses out from

the cells (into the blood) to betransported) to the lungs (andremoved through expired air)

E2 – The diffusion of carbon dioxideinto blood capillaries increased theconcentration of carbon dioxide inexpired air

1

1

1

1

1

3

12m

7

No Marking Criteria Marks

4 a) X = glucoseY = amino acidZ = fatty acid and glycerol

b)Able to draw one vilus that show the partsand following label.

R- Able to show following parts:- blood capillaries, epithelium, lacteal.

L- Able to label any of two from the following:Blood capillaries, epithelium, lacteal,

b) (ii) absorption / simple diffusion /facilitated diffusion / active transport(reject diffusion)

c) - one cell thick / very thin wall- a lot of blood capillaries

d) deaminatione) (i) blood circulatory system

(ii) - nutrient Z / fatty acid and glycerolabsorbed into the lacteal

- (nutrient Z / lipid / lymph) travel into lymphatic vessels bycontraction of skeletal muscles

- (the lymph) from the left side drains into the thoracic duct //the lymph from the right side drains into the right lymphaticduct

- (the thoracic duct) empties its lymph into the left subclavianvein // (the right lymphatic duct) empties its lymph into theright subclavian vein

3 correct- 3M

3

21

1

1

11(Anyone)1

1

1

1

8

No Marking Criteria Marks55(a)

R: Avicennia sp. / Sonneratia sp.Description : pneumatophores roots for breathing /respiration in the waterlogged conditions / less oxygen

S: Rhizophora sp.Description: prop roots for support the plnts onto the muddysoil.

1

1

11

4m(b)(i) Succession 1m(b)(ii)

- The root system of pioneer species traps mud duringhigh tide

- (as time passes) the soil becomes more harder and drier /compact and firm // the soil level becomes increase

- (this condition) favours the growth of Rhizophora sp. /succession by Rhizophora sp./ not suitable for thegrowth of Avicennia sp. / Sonneratia sp. 3m

(c)

- Viviparity seedlings // seeds that germinate while stillattached to the parent tree

1m

(d)(i)

- Will be polluted by toxic chemical

- Population of animals / plants decreases

112m

(d)(ii)

- Treat waste fromfactories before being disposed.

- Enforce the law and take action on anyone who pollutes

TOTAL MARKS=12m

Any one11

1m

9

ITEMNO

SCORING CRITERIA MARK REMARK

6(a) (i) Able to explain how the transport of oxygenand carbon dioxide takes place in the body cellsSampleanswers:

P1: The blood circulatory system transport oxygen fromthe alveoli to the body cells.P2: Oxygen combines with the haemoglobin in the redblood cellsP3: to form oxyhaemoglobin (which isunstable.)P4: Oxygen is carried (in form of oxyhaemoglobin) tothe tissues (which have a low partial pressure of oxygen.)P5: The (unstable) oxyhaemoglobin breaks down intooxygen and haemoglobin again.P6: Oxygen (molecules are) transferred to the bodycellsP7: Carbon dioxide binds (itself) to thehaemoglobinP8: (and is) transported in the form ofcarbaminohaemoglobin. P9: Carbon dioxide is (also)transported as dissolved carbon dioxide (in the bloodplasma.)P10: Most of carbon dioxide is carried as bicarbonateions(dissolved in the bloodplasma.)P11: When the blood carrying carbon dioxide reachesthe body cells, the carbon dioxide diffuses into the bloodplasma and combines with the red blood cells.P12:Carbon dioxide reacts with water to form carbonicacid. P13:Carbonic anhydrase in the red blood cellscatalyse the formation of carbonic acid.P14: The carbonic acid then dissociates into a hydrogenions and bicarbonate ions.

MAXIMUM: 6 marks

(ii) Able to describe the adaptations of the alveolusfor gaseous exchangeSampleanswer:

1

111

1

1111

1

1

11

1

6

10

F1: The millions of alveoliP1: provide a large surface area for gaseousexchange. F2: The walls of the alveoli are moistP2: and this allows respiratory gases to dissolveeasily to them.F3: The walls of the alveoli are very thin (one-cellthick) P3: forquick / easy diffusion of gases.F4: The alveoli are richly supplied with bloodcapillaries P4: to increase the rate of diffusion / therate of the transportation of gases

MAXIMUM:4 marks

1111

1111

4

10

6(b)(i)

(b) (ii)

Able to describe what happens the onion cell are placedin distilled water /Answer sample/P1 - Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell vacuole sapP2 - Water molecule diffuse into plant cells by osmosis,

(through the cell membrane)P3 - Cell vacuole swell and push protoplasm against cell

wallP4 - Strong cellulose cell walls push back, and cells become

turgid

Able to describe what happens the red blood cell areplaced in distilled water /Answer sample/P1 - Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell contents to a red

blood cellsP2 - Water molecule diffuse into red blood cells by osmosis,

through the plasma membrane.P3 - Red blood cells swellP4 - Eventually rupture or haemolyse.Able to describe what happens the Paramecium sp. areplaced in distilled water /Answer sample/P1 - Distilled water is hypotonic to the cell content of

Paramecium.P2 - Water enters Paramecium by osmosis through its cell

membrane.P3 - Excess water is collected in the contractile vacuole.P4 - When the contractile vacuole is full, it empties its

content into the outside environment.Total Mark [ 10 marks]

1

1

1

1

1111

11

1

11

(b)(iii)

1

7 (a)

7 (b)

Meiosis Similarities Mitosis1. Both processes are division of cells.

2. In both processes, the chromosome replicates

only once.

DifferencesIn reproduceorgans(testis/ovary)

Place occur In somaticcells

Twice Number ofdivisions

Once

Produces fourhaploid daughtercells (gametes)

Number ofdaughter cells

Produces twodiploiddaughter cells

Synapsis occursduring prophase I

Synapsis ofhomologouschromosomes

Synapsis doesnot occur

Crossing overoccurs duringprophase I

Crossing overof chromatidsofhomologouschromosomes

Crossing overdoes not occur

Each daughter cellhas half the numberof chromosomes ofthe parent cell

Number ofchromosomesin daughtercells

Each daughtercell has thesame numberofchromosomesas the parentcell

Daughter cells aregenetically non-identical to theparent cell and toeach other

Geneticcompositionof daughtercells

Daughter cellgeneticallyidentical tothe parent cell

Produces gametes,results in geneticvariation amongthe gametes,reduceschromosomes

Role in theanimals body

Produces cellsfor growth,maintenanceand repair ofbody tissues

11

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Any 4

1111

111

12

7 (c) i

(c ) ii

number by half

Able to state the advantages and disadvantages of thistechnique.Advantages- multiply copies of useful genes or clones- can be produced in a shorter time and in larger numbers- produce clones through asexual reproduction- produce clones that are resistant to diseases

Disadvantages- clones have the same level of resistance towards certain

diseases- may undergo mutations which can disrupt natural

equilibrium- do not show any genetic variations- unable to adapt to the changes of the environment

- If the cell divides out of control by mitosis, then the cellwill divide very fast to produces many cells and formtumour.- If the tumour is located at its original place and does not

invade to other cells, then the tumour is benign.- If the cells invade other tissues and destroy them, then

the tumour is malignant that is cancer.

- Substances which can cause uncontrolled mitosis to

occur are ultraviolet rays, X-rays, radioactive rays and

carcinogenic substances such as asbestos, benzene and

cigarette smoke.

- Uncontrolled mitosis can be avoided in the following

ways:

16 marks

1111

111

111

13

Have a balanced diet

Avoid exposure to carcinogenc substances

Have a healthy social life such as no smoking

8 (a) SUGGESTEDMENU

JUSTIPHICATION

Pregnantwoman

Teenager

C1: Rice J1: Consist ofcarbohydrateto supplyenergy fordaily activities

J2: Consist ofcarbohydrateto supplyenergy fortheir activedailyactivities

C2: Meat andfish

J3: Consist ofsuitableprotein forpregnantmother tobuild the cellsand tissues ofthe foetus

J4:Consist ofsuitableprotein forteenagers toachieve theoptimumgrowth level

J5:

C1-1J1-1J2-1

C2-1J3-1J4-1J5-1

14

8 (b)

Consist offerum that isneed by thefemaleteenagers toavoid anemiabecause of theblood lossduringmenstrual

C3: Milk andegg

J6: consist ofcalcium that isneeded bypregnantmother tobuild bonesand strongteeth for thedevelopmentof the foetus

J7:Consist ofcalcium that isneeded byteenagers tocomplete thebones andteethformation

C4: carrot J8: consist ofvitamin A thatis good forfoetus eyesdevelopmentJ10: consist ofhigh fibre topreventconstipation inpregnantmother

J9:Consist ofvitamin A thatis good fortheir eyesightJ11: consist ofhigh fibre topreventconstipation

MaximumAnalysing skill (KN) :Any one suggestion of the menu and justiphicationexample: C1, J1 and J2// C2, J3 and J4/J5//C3, J6 and J7//C4, J8/J9 and J10/J11

Total marksAble to explain the necessity of food processingSample answerF1 – prevent food spoilageE1 – (food spoilage) causes by the action of microorganismE2 – decomposing bacteria/fungi on carbohydrate/proteinE3 – produced carbon dioxide, water, ammonia hydrogen

C3-1J6-1J7-1

C4-1J8-1J9-1J10-1J11 -1

9

1

10

11111

11

1

11

15

E4 – make food become toxic

F2 – Oxidation of food when cut/expose to airE1 – oxygen react with enzymes/chemicals released by cell

F3 – Increase it commercial valueE1 – food additives is added in preserving the freshness of

foodE2 – Improve the taste/appearance/texture

F4 – Intention of diversifying the uses of foodE1 – increased the variety of products

11

16

max 10

9 (a) Able to explain how the green house effectoccur

P1- when solar radiation enters the Earth’satmosphere, some of its radiation is reflectedback to space

P2- and most of the radiation is absorbed by Earthwhich warms the surface of the earth

P3- heat in the form of infrared radiation isradiated back into space

P4- much of this heat does not escape from theatmosphere because it is trapped by thegreenhouse gases/ carbon dioxide/ CFC/methane/ nitrous oxide

P5- this causing the atmosphere to be warm andincrease the temperature of the Earth

Able to describe the green house effect on theenvironment and living organisms on the earthF: melting of the polar ice caps and glaciers

takes place at a faster rate/ rise in the sealevel

E: agricultural activities will be disrupted,marine life and biodiversity will be affectedand human health

F: the quantity of water vapour in theatmosphere is higher because of greaterevaporation of water

E: the greenhouse effect more pronounced

F: changing local weather patternsE: drought/ greater rainfall/ change the

distribution of species such as extinction ofsome species in certain regions/ pest andvectors may spread to new areas

Synthesis skillAble to write P1, P2, P3 & P4

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

max 9

17

TOTAL

1

10marks

9 (b) Able to describe the effects of unplanneddevelopment and improper management of theecosystem.

P1: The leave canopy in the forest protects the soil

from excess rain water.

P2: When the forest is cleared, the soil is exposed to rain

(water) / wind.

P3: this will cause soil erosion

P4:The soil that is exposed to wind will be

blown to another area,

P5: while soil that is exposed to rain water will be

eroded and deposited at the bottom of the river / pond

/lake. P6:The soil at the hill slopes can (also) be

washed away by heavy rain water

P7: resulting in land slides.

P8: (The deposited soil will) cause the water level to

increase rapidly when it rains and

P9: this will in turn cause flash floods.

P10:Wild life species will also be

threatened P11: when their habitat is

destroyed.

P12: Global warming will occur

P13:due to an increase in the Earth's temperature,

P14:which is caused by excess emissions of

carbon dioxide/ methane/ CFC /nitrogen dioxide

(into the atmosphere).

P15:These gases trap the heat that is reflected by the

Earth. P16:The thinning of the ozone layer occurs

P17: when the ozone layer (that protects the Earth fromultraviolet radiation) is destroyed by chlorofluorocarbons

(CFC).

1

1

11

1

1

1

1

1

111

11

111

18

MAXIMUM: 10 marks

SULIT 4551/3

3

4551/3BIOLOGIKertas 3Oktober20111½ jam

PEPERIKSAAN AKHIR TAHUNTINGKATAN 4 2011

BIOLOGIKERTAS 3


1. Tulis nama dan nombor kad pengenalan anda

2. Kertas ini adalah dalam dwi bahasa

3. Soalan dalam bahasa Inggeris mendahului soalan

sepadan dalam Bahasa Melayu

4. Jawab SEMUA soalan.

Kertas soalan ini mengandungi 12 halaman bercetak

SoalanMarkahPenuh

MarkahDiperoleh

1 33

2Respons

17

Jumlah

1½ jam

Satu jam tiga puluh minit

SULIT 4551/3

4

Answer all questions/ Jawab semua soalan

1. A group of students carried out an experiment to study the anaerobic respiration in yeast.Diagram 1.1 shows the set-up of the experiment.Sekumpulan pelajar menjalankan eksperiment untuk mengetahui respirasi anaerobik dalam yis .Rajah1.1menunjukkan susunan satu set eksperiment.

Diagram 1.1/Rajah1.1

Diagram 1.2 shows the observations made on the lime water. The thermometer readings andthe observations on the lime water were taken at 0 minute and 30 minutes.Rajah 1.2 menunjukkan pemerhatian terhadap air kapur. Bacaan temometer dan pemerhatian ke atasair kapur diambil pada masa 0 minit dan 30 minit.


Delivery tube Delivery tube

Test tubeA

Limewater

Test tubeB

Limewater

Thermometers

Stoppers

Boilingtubes

Paraffinoil

Set A Set B

5 cm3 yeast suspension+ 5 cm3 boiled glucose

solution

5 cm3 distilled water +5 cm3 boiled glucose

solution

Limewater(clear)

Limewater

(chalky)

SULIT 4551/3

5

Table 1.1 shows the result of the experiment at 0 minute and 30 minutes.Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan keputusan eksperiment pada masa 0 minit dan 30 minit.

Time: 0 minute

Set A Set B

Time: 30 minutes

Set A Set B

Table 1.1/Jadual 1.1

40

30

20

Thermometer reading

…………………………

ºC 40

30

20

Thermometer reading

…………..……………

ºC

40

30

20

Thermometer reading

………….……………

ºC 40

30

20

Thermometer reading

………….……………

ºC

SULIT 4551/3

6

(a) State the thermometer readings in the spaces provided in Table 1.1. [3 marks]Nyatakan bacaan termometer pada ruangan yang disediakan pada jadual 1.1

(b) (i) Based on Table 1.1, state two observations that can be made on Set A in theexperiment. [3 marks]Berdasarkan jadual 1.1, nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat pada set Adalam eksperimen.

Observation 1 on Set A:

Pemerhatian 1 dalam set A

…….....…………………………………………………………………………..

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

Observation 2 on Set A:

Pemerhatian 2 dalam set A.

…………………..………………………………...……………………………...

……………………..…………..…………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

(ii) State the inference for each observation made in (b) (i). [3 marks]Nyatakan satu inferen pada setiap pemerhatian yang dibuat di (b)(i)

Inference for observation 1 on Set A:

Inferen untuk pemerhatian 1 set A.

…………………………………….….…………………..……………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

…………………………………………………………………………………..

Inference for observation 2 on Set A:

Inferen untuk pemerhatian 2 set A

…..……………………………. …….………………..……...…………….…..

………………………………………………………………………………….

Forexaminer’suse

1 (b) (i)

1 (a)

1 (b) (i)

SULIT 4551/3

7

(c) Complete Table 1.2 to show the variables involved in the experiment and how thevariables are operated. [3 marks]Lengkapkan jadual 1.2 untuk menunjukkan pembolehubah yang terlibat dalam eksperimenini dan bagaimana pembolehubah ini dikawal.

Variables Operating the variables

Manipulated variable:

…………………………....

……………………………

……………………………

How to handle the manipulated variable:

……………………………………..……………….

………………………………..……………………

……………………………………………………

Responding variable:

…………………………....

……………………………

……………………………

How to determine the responding variable:

……………………………………..……………….

………………………………..……………………

……………………………………………………

Controlled variable:

…………………………....

……………………………

……………………………

How to maintain the controlled variable:

……………………………………..……………….

………………………………..…………………….

……………………………………………………

Table 1.2/jadual 1.2

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.Nyatakan hipotesis eksperimen ini.

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

………………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

1 (c)

1 (d)

Forexaminer’suse

SULIT 4551/3

8

(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam eksperimen ini.

Your table should have the following titles.Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi tajuk-tajuk berikut [3 marks] Solution in the boiling tube Temperature Changes of lime water

(ii) Explain the relationship between the boiled glucose solution and paraffin oilused in the experiment of the anaerobic respiration process in yeast.Terangkan hubungan antara larutan glukos yang dididihkan dengan minyak paraffinyang digunakan dalam eksperimen respirasi anaerobic dalam yis.

…………………..…………..…………………………………………………...

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

……………………………………………………………………………………

[3 marks]

(f) Following are some of the apparatus and materials used in the experiment.Berikut adalah radas dan bahan yang digunakan dalam eksperimen.

Categorise the apparatus and materials according to their roles in operating thevariables in the experiment.Kategorikan radas dan bahan mengikut penggunaan pembolehubah dalam eksperimen ini.

Manipulatedvariables

Respondingvariables

ConstantVariables

1 (e) (i)

1 (e) (ii)

Forexaminer’suse

1 (f)

Yeast suspension, boiled glucose solution, distilled water, thermometers,

lime water, and paraffin oil

SULIT 4551/3

9

(g) Based on the experiment, define operationally anaerobic respiration.Berdasarkan eksperimen, berikan definasi secara operasi tentang respirasi anaerobic.

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[3 marks]

(h) The experiment is repeated by using Set C containing 10 cm3 of yeast suspensionand 10 cm3 of boiled glucose solution.Eksperimen ini diulang dengan menggunakan Set C yang mengandungi 10 cm3 ampaian yisdan10 cm3 larutan glukosa yang dididihkan.

(i) Predict the readings on the thermometer used in the experiment.Explain your answer.Ramalkan bacaan pada thermometer dalam eksperimen ini.Terangkan jawapan anda.

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[3 marks]

(ii) Explain the time taken for the lime water to change.Terangkan masa yang diambil untuk perubahan air kapur.

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[3 marks]

1 (h) (i)

1 (h) (ii)

1 (g)

Forexaminer’suse

SULIT 4551/3

10

2.

Design an experiment to study the effect of carbon dioxide concentration on therate of photosynthesis.Rancangkan satu eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan kepekatan karbon dioksida keatas kadarfotosintesis.

(17 marks)

The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:Perancangan eksperimen kamu hendaklah termasuk aspek-aspek berikut:

Problem statement / Pernyataan masalah

Hypothesis / hipotesis

Variables / pembolehubah

List of apparatus and materials / Senarai radas dan bahan

Experimental procedure / Kaedah eksperimen

Presentation of data / penyampaian data

END OF QUESTION PAPER

Aquatic plants carry out photosynthesis to obtain food. In the process, oxygenbubbles are released to the aquatic environment.The rate of photosynthesis is affected by several environmental factors such astemperature, light intensity and concentration of carbon dioxide.Tumbuhan akuatik melakukan fotosintesis untukmendapatkan makanan. Semasa proses tersebut,gelembung oksigen dibebaskan kepersekitaran akuatik.Kadar fotosintesis dipengaruhi oleh beberapa factor persekitaran seperti suhu, keamatancahaya, dan kepekatan karbon dioksida.

SULIT 4551/3

11

SPACE FOR ANSWERS

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MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

Question 1

(a) [KB0603 - Measuring Using Numbers]

Score Criteria

3

Able to state all the thermometer readings.Answers:

Time: 0 minuteSet A : 31 ºC Set B : 29 ºC

Time: 30 minutesSet A : 37 ºC Set B : 29 ºC

2 Able to state any 3 correctly


0 Able to state only 1 correctly / not able to respond / wrong response.

(b) (i) [KB0601 - Observation]

Score Criteria3 Able to state any two observations on Set A correctly based on 3 criteria.

Criteria:Thermometer Lime water

time reading comparison

time change comparison

Sample answers:

Observation 1: At 30 minutes, the thermometer reading is 37 ºC, higher than attime 0 minute / has increased.

Observation 2: At 0 minutes, the lime water has not changed into chalky,compared to 30 minutes.

2 Able to state any one observation correctly,

or

Able to state any two incomplete observations.

[any two criteria from above]

1 Able to state any one idea of observation.

0 Not able to respond or wrong response.

MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

(b) (ii) [KB0602 - Making Inference]

Score Criteria

3 Able to make two logical inferences for each observation based on 3 criteria.

Criteria:Thermometer Lime water

change in temperature heat produced from respiration of yeast /

anaerobic respiration

change in CO2

produced by yeast from respiration of yeast /

anaerobic respiration

Sample answers

Observation 1: At 30 minutes, the temperature increased because heat wasproduced from the respiration of yeast / anaerobic respiration ofyeast.

Observation 2: At 0 minutes, the CO2 content in the lime water had not increasedfrom the respiration of yeast / anaerobic respiration of yeast. .

2 Able to state any one inference correctly,

or

Able to state any two incomplete inferences.

1 Able to state any one idea of inference.


(c) [KB0610 - Controlling Variable]

Score Criteria3 Able to state 5-6 of the variables and ways of operating the variables correctly.

Variable Operating the variables

Manipulated variable:

The presence of yeast

How to alter the manipulated variable:

Set A with yeast but Set B without yeast.

Responding variables:

Production of heat /increase in temperature,and production of CO2 /change in lime water.

How to determine responding variable

Recording the thermometer reading in ºC, and thechange in lime water.

Controlled variable:

Volume / concentration ofboiled glucose solution //Anaerobic condition

How to maintain the controlled variable:

Using the same volume / concentration of boiledglucose solution // Anaerobic condition (for bothsets)

MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

2 Able to state any 3-4 correctly


0 Not able to respond or wrong response

(d) [KB0611 - Making Hypothesis]

Score Criteria

3 Able to state the hypothesis based on all three criteria correctly.

Criteria:

V1 : state the manipulated variable.

V2 : state the responding variable

R : relationship between V1 and V2

Sample answers:

Yeast (V1) carries out anaerobic respiration (R) which produced heat / energyand carbon dioxide (V2).

2 Able to state three criteria incorrectly or any two criteria correctly

Sample answer:

Yeast (V1) carries out anaerobic respiration (R).

Yeast (V1) produces heat / energy and carbon dioxide (V2).

1 Able to state hypothesis at idea level only

Sample answer:

Set A has more heat / energy and carbon dioxide (V2).


(e) (i) [KB 0606 - Communicating Skill]

Score Criteria

3 Able to construct a table and record all the results of the experimentcorrectly based on the following criteria.

Set / Presence of yeast

Thermometer reading with correct unit

Change in lime water

2 All three criteria // Any 3 columns are recorded correctly.

1 Any two criteria // Any 2 columns are recorded correctly.


MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

(e) (ii) [KB0608 - Interpreting Data ]

Score Criteria

3 Able to explain the relationship between the boiled glucose solution and paraffinoil used in the experiment of the anaerobic respiration process in yeast based onthe following criteria.

Criteria:

F : state the relationship between:

(i) boiled glucose solution used with the anaerobic respiration.

(ii) paraffin oil used with the anaerobic respiration

E: explanation

Sample answer:

The glucose solution is boiled to remove all the (dissolved) oxygen.

Paraffin oil stops oxygen to enter (the solution).

Anaerobic respiration occurs in condition without oxygen.

2 Able to explain the relationship based on any one correct criterion or any twoinaccurate criteria.

1 Able to state at idea level only


(f) [KB0602 - Classification]

Score Criteria

3 Able to categorise all the apparatus and materials correctly according their rolein operating the variables in the experiment.

Manipulated variable Responding variable Controlled variable

Yeast suspension

Distilled water

Thermometer

Lime water

Boiled glucose solution

Paraffin oil

2 Able to categorise the apparatus and materials according to any two variablescorrectly.

1 Able to categorise the apparatus and materials according to any one variablecorrectly.


MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

(g) [KB0609 - Define Operationally]

Score Criteria

3 Able to define operationally the term anaerobic respiration based on the followingcriteria.

Criteria:

C1 – Respiration by yeast

C2 – Anaerobic condition / Condition without oxygen

C3 – Produce heat and carbon dioxide

Sample answer:

Anaerobic respiration is a type of respiration carried out by yeast (C1) in thecondition without oxygen (C2), which increases the temperature / thermometerreading and turns lime water chalky / produces heat and carbon dioxide (C3).

2 Able to define operationally the term anaerobic respiration based on any twocriteria.

1 Able to define operationally the term anaerobic respiration at idea level only.


(h) (i) [KB0605 - Prediction]

Score Criteria

3 Able to explain the prediction on the thermometer readings, based on thefollowing criteria.

Criteria:

C1 – Increase / higher than Set A

C2 – Any reading between 37 – 60 ºC

C3 – More yeast perform anaerobic respiration

2 Able to explain the prediction on the thermometer readings, based on any two ofthe criteria.

1 Able to explain the prediction on the thermometer readings, based on any one ofthe criteria // Able to state at idea level only.


MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

(h) (ii) [KB0607 - Relationship between Space and Time ]

Score Criteria3 Able to explain the time taken for the lime water to turn chalky, based on the

following criteria.

Criteria:

C1 – Faster than Set A.

C2 – More CO2 produced.

C3 – More yeast performing anaerobic respiration // More yeast and glucose used

2 Able to explain the time taken for the lime water to change, based on any two ofthe criteria.

1 Able to explain the time taken for the lime water to change, based on any one ofthe criteria // Able to state at idea level only.


MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

2.Aspect Sample Answer Remarks

Aim/objective To determine the effect of carbon dioxide concentration onthe rate of photosynthesis

Problemstatement

KB061201

Does the percentage/concentration of carbon dioxideaffect the rate of photosynthesis?// What is the effect ofcarbon dioxide concentration on the rate ofphotosynthesis?

Does carbon dioxide affect the rate of photosynthesis?

Does carbon dioxide affect photosynthesis?

3 marks

2 marks

1 mark

Hypothesis

KB061202

As/When the concentration of carbon dioxide increases therate of photosynthesis also increases until the rate becomesconstant

As/When the concentration of carbon dioxide increasesthe rate of photosynthesis increases.

Carbon dioxide concentration influence/affect the rate ofphotosynthesis

3 marks

2 marks

1 mark

Variables Manipulated : Concentration of carbon dioxideResponding : The rate of photosynthesis// The number of

bubbles released per minuteConstant : Light intensity, temperature

Size of plant

Allvariablescorret 3marks2 variablescorrect 2marks1 variablecorrect 1mark

MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

Apparatusand materials

KB061205

Materials : Elodea/Hydrilla , different concentration ofsodium bicarbonate, distilled water

Apparatus : Beaker, boiling tube, clip, table lamp

All present– 3marks2 materialsand 2 app –2 marks

One aquaticplant and alight source– 1 mark

Technique Observe and count the number of bubbles produced /released in 5 minutes by using stop watch.

Procedure

KB061204

K1- How to set up the apparatus Choose 10 cm length of fresh Elodea Clip the tip with a paper clip and put it in the

boiling with the clip down

K2- How to operate the constant variable Pour 40 ml of 1% sodium bicarbonate solution

into the boiling tube. Place the apparatus at a fix distant from a light

source

K3 – How to operate the responding variable Count and record the number of bubbles released in

5 minutes

K4 – How to operate the manipulated variable Repeat S1 to S4 using different percentage of

sodium bicarbonate solution

K5 - Precaution Place the boiling tube in a beaker of water to

maintain the temperature

5 K – 3 m

3-4 K – 2 m

2K - 1m

MARK SCHEME 4551/3

4551/3 CONFIDENTIAL

ObservationMV RV(Percentage ofsodium bicarbonatesolution (%)

Number ofbubblesreleased

Rate ofPhotosynthesis(number ofbubbles/minute)

12345

Headingsand unitsarecompulsary

Present mvand rv (2marks)Any 1 mvor rv (1mark)

Conclusion As/When the concentration of carbon dioxide increases therate of photosynthesis also increases until the rate becomesconstant

END OF MARK SCHEME

Documents

bio F4 AKT 2011