Binney - Theological Compend (1875)

8/13/2019 Binney - Theological Compend (1875)

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BINNEY'S THEOLOGICAL COMPENDBY AMOS BINNEY AND DANIEL STEELE

contents

Preface to the First Edition .........................................................................................................................4Part 01 Evidences of Religion ....................................................................................................................5Ch 01 Divine Revelation ............................................................................................................................5Ch 02 The Bible .........................................................................................................................................Ch 0! The Christian Evidences Classified. ..............................................................................................12Part 02 Doctrine of Christianit" ...............................................................................................................2!Ch 01 E#istence of $od ...........................................................................................................................2!Ch 02 %ttrib&tes of $od ...........................................................................................................................24Ch 0! The Trinit". ....................................................................................................................................2'Ch 04 (es&s Christ ....................................................................................................................................2Ch 05 The )ol" $host .............................................................................................................................!0Ch 0' %ngels ............................................................................................................................................!1Ch 0* The Devil and De+ons ..................................................................................................................!2Ch 0 ,an-,an ind ................................................................................................................................!!Ch 0/ Rede+ tion-%tone+ent ................................................................................................................!4Ch 10 (&stification ...................................................................................................................................!'Ch 11 aving Faith ...................................................................................................................................!'Ch 12 Regeneration ..................................................................................................................................!*Ch 1! %do tion ........................................................................................................................................!Ch 14 Conversion .....................................................................................................................................!Ch 15 )oliness- anctification .................................................................................................................!Ch 1' Perseverance-% ostas" ..................................................................................................................40Ch 1* ast Things ....................................................................................................................................41Part 0! ,orals of Christianit" ..................................................................................................................45Ch 01 D&ties 3e e To $od .................................................................................................................4'Ch 02 D&ties To &r 6eighbors ...............................................................................................................4*Ch 0! D&ties To &rselves .......................................................................................................................4Part 04 7nstit&tions of Christianit" ...........................................................................................................4/Ch 01 ,arriage ........................................................................................................................................4/Ch 02 The abbath ...................................................................................................................................50Ch 0! The Ch&rch. ...................................................................................................................................51Ch 04 The acra+ents. ............................................................................................................................52Ch 04 Ch&rch rder. ................................................................................................................................55

CONTENTS

PART IEVIDENCES OF RELIGION

A. Divine REVELATION

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1. Necessity 2. Revelation, O al an! " itten #. Gen$ineness an! A$t%enticity &. 'o!e o( Ins)i ation*. T%e *i+le 1. Na es an! Divisions 2. En-lis% Ve sions /in- 0a es

#. T%e Val$e o( t%e *i+leC. T%e C RISTIAN EVIDENCES CLASSIFIED 1. E te nal, o isto ical Evi!ence a. 'i acles in t%e Ol! Testa ent +. 'i acles in t%e Ne3 Testa ent c. Res$ ection o( 0es$s C% ist !. isto ical Evi!ence, Contin$e! e. E te nal Evi!ence, Contin$e! 2. Inte nal Evi!ence a. a ony o( its seve al )a ts +. Si )licity o( its 3%ole !esi-n c. In %a ony 3it% t%e li-%t o( nat$ e.

#. E )e i ental Evi!ence &. Collate al Evi!ences a. In(l$ence o( t%e *i+le on C%a acte . +. o a-e o( E inent Pe sons to t%e *i+le c. A! issions o( S4e)tics es)ectin- t%e *i+le !. Re a 4a+le S) ea! o( C% istianity e. Relation o( C% istianity to $ an P o- ess

PART II. DOCTRINES OF C RISTIANIT5

A. E6ISTENCE OF GOD*. ATTRI*7TES OF GOD 1. Nat$ al Att i+$tes a. 7nity +. Ete nity c. O ni) esence !. O niscience e. O ni)otence (. I $ta+ility -. Invisi+ility %. nco ) e%ensi+ility 2. 'o al Att i+$tes a. "is!o +. Goo!ness c. oliness !. 0$stice e. 'e cy (. T $t%C. T E TRINIT5 1. Analo-ical P oo( 2. e+ aistic P oo( #. Sc i)t$ e P oo(

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&. E o sD. 0ES7S C RIST 1. T $ly 'an Sc i)t$ e P oo( 2. T $ly Go! Sc i)t$ e P oo( #. Go! 'an E o s es)ectin- t%e Pe son o( 0es$s C% ist 8 'e!iationE. T E OL5 G OST 1. E o s

2. Pe sonality an! Divinity F. ANGELS 1. T%ei nat$ e, na es, an! e )loy ent 2. Not to +e 3o s%i)e!G. T E DEVIL AND DE'ONS 1. T%ei na es 2. T%ei nat$ e an! e )loy ent

. 'AN 'AN/IND 1. O i-in an! Nat$ e 2. Con!ition an! Fall #. F ee A-ency &. P oo(s

I. REDE'PTION ATONE'ENT 1. De(initions an! Distinctions 2. E o s es)ectin- t%e Atone ent #. *ene(its o( t%e Atone ent0. 07STIFICATION/. SAVING FAIT 1. Nat$ e 2. E o s #. Re)entanceL. REGENERATION 1. Nat$ e an! Necessity 2. E o s'. ADOPTION 1. "itnesso( t%e S)i it 2. In(e ential Evi!enceN. CONVERSIONO. OLINESS SANCTIFICATION 1. Nat$ e 2. Attaina+le +e(o e Deat% #. E o sP. PERSEVERANCE APOSTAS5 9. LAST T INGS 1. Deat% 2. Inte e!iate State a. O( t%e Ri-%teo$s +. O( t%e "ic4e! #. 'essia%s /in-!o Its P o- ess an! 7lti ate T i$ )% &. T%e Secon! A!vent o( C% ist :. T%e Gene al Res$ ection ;. T%e Gene al 0$!- ent


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PART III 'ORALS OF C RISTIANIT5 T E 'ORAL LA"

A. D7TIES "E O"E TO GOD 1. Inte nal a. S$+ ission to Go!

+. Love to Go! c. T $st in Go! !. Fea o( Go! 2. E6TERNAL P$+lic an! Social "o s%i) an! P aye ... a. 'ental P aye +. P ivate P aye Fa ily P aye !. P$+lic an! Social P aye*. D7TIES TO O7R NEIG *ORS 1. P o%i+ition o( 7n%oly Dis)ositions 2. P o%i+ition o( 7n>$st Acts #. Re?$i e ent o( oiy Dis)ositions

&. Re?$i e ent o( 0$st an! /in! Acts :. D$ties to Pa tic$la ClassesC. D7TIES TO O7RSELVES 1. Sel( De(ense 2. Sel( P ese vation #. Sel( Cont ol &. Sell C$lt$ e

PART IV INSTIT7TIONS OF C RISTIANIT5 A. 'ARRIAGE*. T E SA**ATC. T E C 7RCD. T E SACRA'ENTS 1. *a)tis 2. T%e Lo !s S$))eE. C 7RC ORDER "o an@s S)%e e in t%e C%$ c%

Preface to the First Edition

T%is little vol$ e is o( %$ +le ) etensions. It ai s to lay t%e (o$n!ations o( a (i +elie( in t%eC% istian eli-ion, an! in )a tic$la to ($ nis% yo$n- )eo)le 3it% t%e c%ie( - o$n!s o( t%ei (ait%. Co )en!i$ s o( in(i!elity an! (alse !oct ine a e ci c$latin- t% o$-% eve y class o( co $nity,es)ecially a on- o$ yo$t%, an! t%o$san!s a e t%e e+y +ein- ! a3n into (atal sna es. S$c% %ostile atte )ts s%o$l! +e et 3it% )$+lications calc$late! to (o ti(y t%e yo$t%($l in!, +yconcise an! )lain state ents o( t%e ) inci)al a -$ ents in (avo o( C% istianity. 'any e cellent t eatises o( t%is 4in! %ave al ea!y +een )$+lis%e! yet it is o+vio$s t%e e isso et%in- 3antin- on t%is s$+>ect t%at is s%o te , c%ea)e , an! in a o e (a ilia (o .

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"it% t%is vie3, t%e a$t%o @s c%ie( o+>ect %as +een to collect to-et%e , an! co ) ess in a na o3co )ass, t%e ost (o ci+le a -$ ents 3%ic% a e to +e (o$n! in o$ +est 3 ite s, 3it% s$c% a!!itional

e a 4s o( %is o3n as i-%t +e (o$n! necessa y. To t%ese 3 ite s t%is little 3o 4 is, t%e e(o e, $c% in!e+te! an! its a$t%o 3o$l! %e e, once (oall, ten!e to eac% o( t%e %is ( an4 ac4no3le!- ents. T%e 3o 4 is !esi-ne! ) inci)ally (o t%e inst $ction o( yo$t% yet, consi!e e! as a 4in! o(

eca)it$lation o( t%e evi!ences, !oct ines, an! !$ties o( C% istianity, it ay +e (o$n! o( so e $se to

)e sons o( a o e at$ e a-e. "it% t%is vie3 t%e atte is t% o3n into s%o t, clea , an! !istinct sentences an a an-e entost convenient (o t%e inst $ction o( yo$t%, +est calc$late! to assist t%ei e o ies, to a4e st on-

an! !$ a+le i ) essions on t%ei $n!e stan!in-s, an! to en!e t%e i )o tant t $t%s o( eli-ion osteasy to +e co ) e%en!e! an! etaine! in t%ei in!s. T%e - eat t $t%s o( eli-ion a e clea ly an! concisely state!, an! ) o)e ly a an-e!, so t%at t%ei

$t$al connection an! !e)en!ence ay +e ea!ily seen, an!, 3%at is o( o e conse?$ence, t%ey a es$))o te! at eve y ste) +y ?$otations ( o t%e $ne in- 3o ! o( Go!. To en!e t%e 3o 4 still o e ente tainin- an! $se($l, t%e ?$estions in t%e a -in a e ve ya+$n!ant, so t%at no i )o tant t $t% can 3ell esca)e t%e attention an! ecollection o( t%e st$!ent. In ) e)a in- t%is little vol$ e, t%e Divine assistance %as +een as4e! in sen!in- it a+ oa!, t%eDivine +lessin- is no3 i )lo e!.

'ay t%e S)i it o( ins)i ation acce)t t%is (ee+le e((o t to ani(est %is -lo y an! ) o ote %is ca$seB0$ne 1, 1=# A s)ecial note ( o t%e e!ito . *inny %a! ?$estions at t%e +otto o( eac% )a-e in %is o -inal 3o 4. "einse te! t%ose ?$estions in )a ent%eses an! italics in t%e -ene al a ea 3%e e t%ey a))ea e! in +oo4.Eac% set o( ?$estions a e n$ +e e! on t%is )a-e.

Part 01 Evidences of Religion

Ch 01 Divine Revelation

*y !ivine evelation is eant a s$)e nat$ al co $nication o( t $t% ( o Go! to an. *ys$)e nat$ al is eant +eyon! t%e li-%t o( nat$ e o eason. All 3%o +elieve in a Go! o( in(inite 3is!o , )o3e , an! -oo!ness, $st a! it t%e )ossi+ility o(%is evealin- %i sel( to en in t%e anne %e )leases, in o !e to convince an! ass$ e t%e t%at s$c%co $nication is ( o %i sel(.T%e ) o+a+ility o( !ivine evelation a))ea s 3%en 3e consi!e , (i st, t%at an4in! %ave in eve y a-econ(esse! t%ei nee! o( it, an!, secon!ly, t%at %e is a ve y $nnat$ al (at%e 3%o neve s)ea4s to %isc%il! en. So e o( t%e 3isest )%iloso)%e s, as Soc ates, %ave e ) esse! t%ei %o)e o( s$c% a evelation,

3%ile t%e o e i-no ant %ave -iven c e!it to ) eten!e! ones. T%is ) oves t%at t%e %$ an so$l %as anat$ al an! $na))easa+le a))etite (o a +oo4 evelation o( eli-io$s t $t%. 'ost o( t%e (o s o()a-anis e ) ess t%e selves t% o$-% +oo4s. *e-in ?$estions. 1. "%at is eant +y a !ivine

evelation Is evelation i )ossi+le Give t3o easons (o its ) o+a+ility.

1. NECESSIT5.

T%e necessity o( t%is evelation is ani(est ( o va io$s consi!e ations.

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a. $ an o)inions a e not a s$((icient -$i!e o( li(e an! t%e $le o( con!$ct, as t%ey a e va io$san! cont a!icto y. +. $ an eason is ins$((icient (o a on- t%ose 3%o ) o(ess to +e -$i!e! +y it, so e 3o s%i)t%e t $e Go!, so e %is 3o 4s, so e t%ei o3n 3o 4s, an! so e no Go! at all, t%o$-% all a-es %ave t%esa e +oo4 o( nat$ e an! t%e sa e )o3e ( o 3%ic% to !e ive o al $les. T%o$-% a (e3 )%iloso)%e s%ave a ive! at s$+li e vie3s o( Go!, yet t%e ass o( )a-ans %ave +een s$n4en in o al c%a acte ,even in t%e ost s)len!i! e as o( G ecian an! Ro an civili ation. Acts 1


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T%e NE" JEALANDERS -lo y in 3a . T%ey 4ill an! eat t%ei ) isone s, an! consi!e t%eS$) e e *ein- as a - eat invisi+le an eate . :. in!$s C%inese In%a+itants o( *en-al In!iaT%ei i )$ ity, etc. Fe ales Ne3 Jealan! In so e )a ts t%ey s$s)en! t%e selves in t%e ai +y la -e %oo4s t% $st t% o$-% t%ei +ac4s.Ot%e s Cast t%e selves ( o a sta-e $)on o)en 4nives inse te! in )ac4s o( cotton. No3 it is t%e *i+le alone 3%ic% a4es $s to !i((e ( o all t%ese nations. "it%o$t it 3e s%o$l!soon +e li4e t%e i-no ant, s$)e stitio$s, i )$ e, an! c $el. Ps. 2 H< 1l 12 H P ov. ;H2 2#.

"e ) ove t%is ( o t%e c%a acte s o( t%ose a on- $s 3%o %ave, as (a as )ossi+le, e t icate!t%e selves ( o t%e in(l$ence o( t%e *i+le. See lives o( e +e t, o++es, *olin-+ o4e, $ e,Ro$ssea$, an! Paine.

2. REVELATION, ORAL AND "RITTEN.

Revelation is !istin-$is%e! into ORAL an! "RITTEN. *y o al is eant t a!itional, o s$c% as ist ans itte! +y 3o ! o( o$t% ( o one a-e to anot%e . S$c% 3e e t%e evelations a!e to t%e )at ia c%s, an! t%e lon-evity )ec$lia to t%e a-e se ve! to) ese ve t%e ( o +ein- co $)te!. T%ese o i-inal t $t%s 3e e t%$s %an!e! !o3n to 'oses, 3%o, +y t%e !i ection o( Go! on Sinai(inally 3 ote t%e in (ive +oo4s, calle! t%e Pentate$c%. ;. So e ot%e )a ts "%at a4es $s to !i((e

( o t%e o3 !o yo$ ) ove t%is "%at is eant +y o al evelation "%e e is an instance T%e lea!in- (acts o( t%e Pentate$c% a e, t%e c eation o( t%e 3o l! o( an o( ) i eval %a))iness%is (all ) o ise o( a Savio t%e !el$-e ) ese vation o( a (e3 *a+el t%e call o( A+ a%a t%e +on!a-eo( Is ael in E-y)t t%e e o!$s an! t%e -ivin- o( t%e la3.T%ese a e all s$))o te! +y t%e co +ine! testi ony o( $nive sal t a!ition, %isto y, an! o!e n science. A la -e )o tion o( 3%at 'oses eco !s (ell $n!e %is )e sonal o+se vation. O( t%ose (acts 3%ic% ) ece!e! %is ti e %e %a! a )le eans o( in(o ation in t%e lon-evity o( t%eancients. 'oses 3as conte )o a y 3it% t%e conte )o a ies o( A+ a%a A+ a%a 3it% Noa% an!Noa% 3it% t%e conte )o a ies o( A!a . In t%is 3ay, $n!e t%e !ivine -$i!ance, t%e i )o tant (acts o( t%e ante!il$vian 3o l! 3e e) o+a+ly -at%e e! +y 'oses. Res)ectin- t%ose 3%ic% too4 )lace ) io to an@s C eation, t%e e $st%ave +een !i ect co $nication ( o Go!.


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E e4. 1H#. Pa$l, +y s)eci(yin- )assa-es in %is e)istles K 3 itten not +y co an! ent,K i )lies t%eiins)i ation. I Co .


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to t%e S$+>ects on 3%ic% t%e seve al +oo4s t eat. T%e +oo4s o( t%e Ol! Testa ent 3e e 3 itten +et3een1& *. C., t%e !ate o( t%e (ive +oo4s o( 'oses, an! &2 *. C., t%e !ate o( 'alac%i, t%e last o( t%e) o)%ets. T%e Ne3 Testa ent 3as 3 itten +et3een A. D. #=, t%e ) o+a+le !ate o( St. 'att%e3@sGos)el, an! A. D. ;, t%e !ate o( t%e Revelation, so t%at it 3as co )lete! 3it%in si ty yea s a(te t%ec $ci(i ion o( C% ist, T%e (i st Gos)el see s to %ave +een 3 itten 3it%in t3o o t% ee yea s a(te t%atevent. T%e 3o ! Canon si-ni(ies a st ai-%t o!, %ence a R$le o Stan!a !. All t%e +oo4s 3%ic% co e $)to t%e stan!a ! a e calle! Canonical. T%ose 3%ic% (all +elo3 a e calle! A)oc y)%al o s)$ io$s. "%at

t%e Sac e! Canon is ay +e in(e e! ( o t%e )oints in 3%ic% t%e A)oc y)%al +oo4s (ail. 1. T%ey !o notclai to +e ins)i e!. 2. T%e 0e3s neve ac4no3le!-e! t%e as s$c%. #. T%ey a e neve ?$ote! +y C% istan! %is a)ostles. &. T%ey 3e e $nive sally e>ecte! +y t%e ea ly C% istians. :. T%ey neit%e a- ee 3it%t%e selves no 3it% t%e oly Sc i)t$ es. T%e A)oc y)%al +oo4s o( t%e Ne3 Testa ent 3e e neveac4no3le!-e! +y t%e C%$ c% as ins)i e!, an! 3e e ea ly + an!e! as s)$ io$s. 12. Date o( t%e Ol!Testa ent O( t%e Ne3 'eanin- o( Canon an! Canonical O( A)oc y)%al In 3%at )oints !oes t%e

A)oc y)%a (ail T%e *i+le 3as o i-inally 3 itten in ca)ital lette s, 3it%o$t any !ivision into c%a)te s an! ve ses,

3it%o$t any )$nct$ation o s)aces +et3een t%e 3o !s, t%$s T%e *oo4 o( T%e Gene ation. 'att. 1H1.T%ese !ivisions a e t%e ecent invention o( $nins)i e! en, (o t%e )$ )ose o( (acilitatin- st$!y,t%o$-% in any instances t%e e!ito s %ave not +een so >$!icio$s as co$l! +e !esi e!. Ve y o(ten t%ec%a)te concl$!es +e(o e t%e na ative, so t%at 3e lose t%e connection i( 3e sto) 3it% t%e c%a)te . Isa.

=H22 H1 < 1 H1 & 'att. 1 H# 2 H1 1; 'a 4 =H #= H1 L$4e 2 H&: &< 21H1 & II Co . &H1= T%e !ivision into ve ses is e?$ally i ) o)e , an! s%o$l! not -ove n t%e sense at all, as t%is iso(ten in>$ e!, i( not !est oye!, +y it. I Pete 1H&,: I Co . 2H ,1 . T%e S$+sc i)tions anne e! to t%e e)istles o( t%e Ne3 Testa ent a e no )a t o( ins)i ation, +$t

3e e a!!e! +y so e - ossly i-no ant o 3ic4e! )e son (o t%ey cont a!ict +ot% c% onolo-y an!%isto y. 1#. "%o a!e t%e c%a)te s an! ve ses S%o3 3%e e it is not 3ell !one. "%at o( t%es$+sc i)tions.T%e S$ a ies at t%e +e-innin- o( t%e c%a)te s a e $nins)i e!. ence t%ey ay contain e o s in!oct ine. T%e S)ellin- o( Na es in t%e Ne3 Testa ent o(ten !i((e s ( o t%at o( t%e Ol!. T%is is o3in- tot%e (act t%at t%e latte 3as (i st 3 itten in t%e e+ e3, an! t%e (o e in t%e G ee4. T%e a))a ent I ) ecations (o$n! in I Co . 1$stice. T%e I )e (ections elate! o( ce tain e inent Sc i)t$ e c%a acte s, s$c% as Noa%@s into ication,

A+ a%a @s !issi $lation, 0aco+@s lyin-, Aa on@s i!olat y, Davi!@s a!$lte y an! $ !e , Solo on@si!olat y an! le3!ness, a e e ely state! as (acts o( %isto y. T%ey a e eco !e!, not (o o$ i itation,

+$t (o a! onition. T%e eco ! ) oves t%e !isinte este!ness an! i )a tiality o( t%e 3 ite s. 1& O( t%es$ a ies Do yo$ !iscove a !i((e ence +et3een t%e o t%o- a)%y o( t%e Ol! Testa ents o3 !o

yo$ acco$nt (o t%is Re)eat instances o( a))a ent i ) ecations. "%at is sai! o( t%ese "%atinstances o( i )e (ection in Sc i)t$ e c%a acte s !o yo$ !iscove "%y a e t%ey eco !e! T%e Dest $ction o( t%e E-y)tians, Canaanites, an! ot%e nations, a e %isto ical (acts, eco !e! tos%o3 t%e )e (ection o( t%e !ivine -ove n ent. T%ey 3e e c%astise ents, an! 3e e no o einconsistent 3it% t%e att i+$te o( e cy t%an a e )estilence an! (a ine. T%e a))a ent In!elicacies o( t%e *i+le !isa))ea 3%en 3e consi!e t%e c%an-e in t%e $se o(lan-$a-e. "o !s 3%ic% 3e consi!e i o!est 3e e not so (o e ly. T%$s 3e (in! t%e Sc i)t$ es %ave t%ei !i((ic$lties. *$t t%ese a e +y no eans )ec$lia to t%e allancient 3 itin-s a e ($ll o( t%e . T%ese !i((ic$lties a e -ene ally in ) o)o tion to t%e anti?$ity o( t%e 3 itin-, as t%e c$sto s,

anne s, an! lan-$a-e o( an4in! a e constantly c%an-in-. A little s4ill in t%e o i-inal lan-$a-e o( t%e Sc i)t$ es, an! in t%e ti es, occasions, an! sco)e o(t%e seve al +oo4s, as 3ell as t%e c$sto s o( t%ose co$nt ies 3%ic% 3e e t%e scenes o( t%e t ansactions

eco !e!, 3ill -ene ally e ove all !i((ic$lties. 1: "%at o( t%e !est $ction o( a))a ent in!elicacies

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ave t%e Sc i)t$ es any !i((ic$lties A e t%ese )ec$lia to t%e Sc i)t$ es To 3%at a e t%ese !i((ic$lties) o)o tione! "%at is calc$late! to e ove t%e isto ical Ci c$ stances a e an i )o tant %el) to t%e co ect $n!e stan!in- o( t%e sac e!

3 ite s. *y t%ese 3e ean t%e O !e , t%e Title, t%e A$t%o , t%e Date, an! Place o( 3 itin-. Sac e! Geo- a)%y an! +oo4s o( t avel in t%e lan!s o( t%e *i+le a e $se($l to el$ci!ate t%e olySc i)t$ es, an! to i )a t to t%e in! a sense o( eality. T%e consi!e ation o( t%e Sco)e o !esi-n o( any a$t%o 3ill es)ecially (acilitate t%e st$!y o( t%e

*i+le. Anot%e i )o tant assistance is t%e consi!e ation o( t%e Conte t, o t%e co )a ison o( t%e) ece!in- an! s$+se?$ent )a ts o( a !isco$ se. T%e co )a ison o( Pa allel Passa-es is anot%e - eat %el) (o inte ) etin- Sc i)t$ e. "%eneve a !oct ine is ani(est, eit%e ( o t%e 3%ole teno o( Sc i)t$ e o ( o its sco)e, it

$st not +e 3ea4ene! o set asi!e +y a (e3 )assa-es. 1; "%at is eant +y %isto ical ci c$ stancesO( 3%at +ene(it a e t%ey "%at is eant +y t%e sco)e o( an a$t%o Is a 4no3le!-e o( t%is i )o tant

"%at is sai! o( sac e! -eo- a)%y O t%e conte t "%at o( )a alle )assa-es "%en a !oct ine isani(est ( o t%e 3%ole teno o( Sc i)t$ e

As eve y essential ) inci)le o( eli-ion is ani(est ( o o e t%an one te t, no !oct ine s%o$l! +e(o$n!e! on a sin-le te t, o sentence. "%en t3o )assa-es a))ea to cont a!ict eac% ot%e , i( t%e sense o( one can %e clea ly asce taine!,

t%at ay e-$late t%e inte ) etation o( t%e ot%e . An o+sc$ e, a +i-$o$s, o (i-$ ative te t $st neve +e inte ) ete! so as to a4e it cont a!ict a)lain one. Fi-$ ative lan-$a-e, 3%ic% %a! its ise in t%e (i st a-es o( an4in!, 3as ( e?$ently e )loye! +yt%e sac e! 3 ite s. So e 4no3le!-e o( t%is is an i )o tant %el) in asce tainin- t%e sense o( Sc i)t$ e. T%e eta)%o , o( all t%e (i-$ es o( s)eec%, is t%at 3%ic% is ost ( e?$ently e )loye! in Sc i)t$ e,an! in eve y lan-$a-e. See 'att. :H1#, 1&. T%e alle-o y, 3%ic% is a eta)%o contin$e! o e ten!e!, is anot%e (i-$ e o( Sc i)t$ e $se. SeePsa. 1=. T%e %y)e +ole consists in a-ni(yin- o !i inis%in- an o+>ect +eyon! its nat$ al +o$n!s. It is o(( e?$ent occ$ ence in t%e Sc i)t$ e. See Gen. 1#H1; De$t. 1H2= N$ . 1#H## 0o%n 21H 2:. 1< "%at issai! o( eve y essential ) inci)le o( eli-ion "%en t3o )assa-es a))ea to cont a!ict O( te ts t%at a eo+sc$ e Fi-$ ative lan-$a-e 'eta)%o Instances. Alle-o y Instances. y)e +ole An i ony is anot%e (i-$ e $se!, in 3%ic% one t%inis s)o4en an! anot%e !esi-ne!, in o !e to-ive t%e - eate (o ce an! ve%e ence to t%e eanin-. I /in-s 1=H2< 22H1: 0o+ 12H2. T%e synec!oc%e, 3%e e t%e 3%ole is )$t (o a )a t. As t%e 3o l! (o t%e Ro an e )i e, in Acts2&H: Rev. #H1 . Fo t%e ea t%, II Pet. #H; Ro . 1H=. So eti es a )a t is )$t (o t%e 3%ole. As t%e evenin- an! o nin- (o t%e enti e !ay, Gen. 1H:, =,etc. t%e so$l (o t%e enti e an, Acts 2


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Tin!al, in 1:2;. T%e last En-lis% ve sion o( t%e enti e *i+le 3as e ec$te! $n!e t%e !i ection o( 0a es I., 4in- o(En-lan!. e a))ointe! (o t%is )$ )ose (i(ty (o$ en o( !istin-$is%e! talents an! )iety. Only (o ty seveno( t%ese act$ally en-a-e!. T%is 3as in 1; ections 3%ic% a e$ -e! +y s4e)tics so e 3o !s %ave +een le(t $nt anslate!, as %allel$ia, %osanna, etc.

#. T E VAL7E OF T E *I*LE. Even as a lite a y co )osition, t%e sac e! Sc i)t$ es (o t%e ost e a 4a+le +oo4 t%e 3o l!

%as eve seen. T%ey a e o( all 3 itin-s t%e ost ancient, an! contain a eco ! o( t%e !ee)est inte est.T%e %isto y o( t%ei in(l$ence is t%e %isto y o( civili ation an! ) o- ess. Sca cely can 3e (i o$ eyes$)on a sin-le )assa-e in t%is 3on!e ($l +oo4 3%ic% %as not a((o !e! inst $ction o co (o t tot%o$san!s. On t%is - o$n! alone t%e *i+le %as st on- clai s $)on o$ attentive an! eve ential e-a !.

2 . o3 is t%is ve sion e-a !e! S%o3 t%e val$e o( t%e *i+le Eac% Testa ent en%ances t%e val$e o( t%e ot%e . As an evi!ence o( t%e close connection o( t%et3o !is)ensations, an! o( t%e sanction -iven in t%e Ne3 Testa ent to t%e Ol!, t%e (o e %as t3o%$n! e! an! si ty DIRECT 97OTATIONS ( o t%e all$sions a e even o e n$ e o$s, +ein- $)3a !so( t% ee %$n! e! an! (i(ty. T%e t3o Testa ents contain +$t one sc%e e o( eli-ion neit%e )a t can +e $n!e stoo! 3it%o$tt%e ot%e . It %as +$t one s$+>ect ( o t%e +e-innin- to t%e en! +$t o$ vie3 - o3s clea e +y) o- essive evelation. T%e t $t%s o( Go! a e, in t%e selves, inca)a+le o( ) o- ess, +$t not t%e

evelation t%e ) o- ess is not in t%e t $t%, +$t in t%e clea ness an! i ) essiveness 3it% 3%ic% t%eSc i)t$ es $n(ol! it. T%e e ay +e )assa-es in t%e t%e ($ll eanin- o( 3%ic% is not !iscove e!, an! 3%ic% a e)e %a)s ese ve! to e tin-$is% so e ($t$ e %e esy, o so e yet $n(o e! !o$+t, o to ) ove, +y ( es%($l(ill ent o( ) o)%ecy, t%at t%e *i+le ca e ( o Go!. Sc i)t$ e is li4e t%e !ee) sea, +ea$ti($lly clea ,

+$t $n(at%o a+ly ) o(o$n!. It see s to say to its illions o( st$!ents, K'y t eas$ es s%all neve +ee %a$ste! )$t e not to t%e ac4, +$t ?$estion e incessantly.K 21. O( t%e t3o te ta ents. "%at ist%e $se o( !a 4 )assa-es T%e ic%est t eas$ es o( Go!@s "o ! 3ill not +e !iscove e! $nless t%e oly S)i it %i sel( +eco et%e eveale . Ps. 11 H1= L$4e 2&H&: 0o%n 1;H1# I Co . 2H 1;. T%e last e(e ence. contains, in t%eo i-inal, t%e 3o !s, K3%ic% t%e oly G%ost teac%et%, e )lainin- s)i it$al t%in-s to s)i it$al en.K It is

+y %is li-%t t%at 3e +eco e s$ e o( t%e t $t% o( t%e *i+le o o( t%e t $e eanin- o( )a tic$la )assa-es.0o%n


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events (o e4no3n, a e a!a)te! to ) o(it an4in! in eve y 3ay an! (o all ti e. Ro . 1:H & I Co . 1 H11II Ti . #H1: 1ect o( conte )lation t%at t%e 3%ole $nive sea((o !s. 2#. S%o3 t%e !$ a+ility o( t%e *i+le. o3 is its st$!y ill$st ate! In a $se$ in D es!en, a on- any ot%e -e s an! t eas$ es, ay +e seen a silve e--,

3%ic%, 3%en yo$ to$c% a s) in-, o)ens an! eveals a -ol!en yol4. "it%in t%is is %i! a c%ic4en, 3%ose 3in- +ein- ) esse!, it also (lies o)en, !isclosin- a s)len!i! -ol!en c o3n st$!!e! 3it% >e3els. No ist%is all anot%e sec et s) in- +ein- to$c%e!, %i!!en in t%e cente is (o$n! a a-ni(icent !ia on! in-.So it is 3it% eve y t $t% an! ) o ise o( Go!@s 3o ! a t eas$ e 3it%in a t eas$ e. T%e o e 3e e a ineit t%e ic%e it +eco es. *$t %o3 (e3, co )a atively, ca e to to$c% t%e s) in-s as !i! t%e Psal ist. Ps.11 H ; 1

Ch 03 The Christian Evidences Classified.

T%ese a e $s$ally consi!e e! o( t3o classesH e te nal o %isto ical, an! inte nal. To t%ese so e %ave a!!e! a t%i ! class, calle! e )e i ental, an! a (o$ t%, t%e collate al.C% istianity 3as int o!$ce! a on- en $n!e ve y e a 4a+le ci c$ stances. 'i acles 3e e)e (o e!, an! ($t$ e events (o etol!, in attestation o( its Divine o i-in. T%ese constit$te t%e %isto icalevi!ence. 2&. "%at constit$tes t%e %isto ical evi!ence "%en 3e e a ine t%e +oo4 itsel(, its t $t%s, its !oct ines, its s)i it, 3e (in! it e actly s$c%, in itsnat$ e an! ten!ency, as 3e s%o$l! e )ect a essa-e ( o 0e%ova% to $s 3o$l! +e. T%is is calle! t%einte nal evi!ence.

An! 3%en 3e loo4 at t%e e((ects 3%ic% t%e *i+le ) o!$ces in t%e %ea ts an! c%a acte s o( +elieve s, 3e(in! it ans3e s t%e )$ )oses (o 3%ic% it 3as sent. T%is is t%e e )e i ental evi!ence. T%e 3on!e ($l s) ea! o( C% istianity, +y so (ee+le an a-ency as a (e3 $nlea ne! en, !estit$te o()o3e an! 3ealt%, con?$e in- t%e %ostility o( +ot% 0e3s an! Pa-ans, to-et%e 3it% t%e %i-% civili ationan! )o3e o( C% istian nations, an! t%e a! issions o( s4e)tics, constit$tes t%e collate al evi!ence. T%e (i st t% ee 4in!s o( evi!ence a e enti ely !istinct in t%ei nat$ e, an! ay +e ill$st ate! as(ollo3sH 5o$ %ave a s$+stance 3%ic% yo$ s$))ose is )%os)%o $s, +eca$se, in t%e (i st )lace, a +oy, in

3%o yo$ )lace con(i!ence, + o$-%t it (o yo$ ( o t%e c%e ist@s, 3%o sai! it 3as )%os)%o $s. T%is ist%e %isto ical evi!ence.In t%e secon! )lace yo$ e a ine, an! it loo4s li4e )%os)%o $s its colo , consistence, an! (o , alla- ee. T%is is t%e inte nal evi!ence. 2:. Inte nal E )e i ental A e t%e t% ee 4in!s !istinct in t%einat$ e "%at ill$st ation is -iven Give t%e %isto ical evi!ence o( t%e a ticle. Inte nal. In t%e t%i ! )lace yo$ t y. It +$ ns 3it% a ost + i-%t an! vivi! (la e, etc. T%is is t%ee )e i ental evi!ence. I( it s%o$l! +e (o$n! to +e a ) eventive o( t%e c%ole a, yello3 (eve , )la-$e , an! s all )o , an!t%e nations 3%ic% $se it s%o$l! +e nea ly o enti ely ( ee! ( o t%ese )estilences, so t%at its $se is

a)i!ly ten!in- to $nive sality a-ainst t%e o))osition o( all t%e esta+lis%e! e!ical sc%ools, t%is 3o$l! +e a + anc% o( t%e collate al evi!ence. T%e last t3o a e t%e +est o( t%e (o$ . No atte 3%at - o$n!s o( !o$+t an! %esitation t%e e ay

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+e in e-a ! to t%e (i st an! secon! 4in!s o( evi!ence i( t%e a ticle ) ove its ) o)e ties on t ial, an! is, +y vi t$e o( its ac4no3le!-e! e cellence, +ene(ittin- an4in! an! +eco in- $nive sal. I( any one s%o$l! say to yo$, KI s$s)ect yo$ essen-e @s %onestyH %e ay %ave + o$-%tso et%in- else K o , Kt%is !oes not loo4 e actly li4e )%os)%o $s it is too !a 4, o too %a ! K yo$ e)ly

3o$l! +eH KSi , t%e e can +e no !o$+t see %o3 it +$ ns K K See also its e!icinal e((ects.K 2:E )e i ental. "%ic% is t%e +est o3 any 4in!s a e t%e e o( e te nal evi!ence

1. E6TERNAL OR ISTORICAL EVIDENCE. a. 'IRACLES. A i acle is an event va yin- ( o t%e esta+lis%e! co$ se o( nat$ e, 3 o$-%t +yt%e inte )osition o( Go! %i sel(, in attestation o( so e Divine t $t%, o o( t%e a$t%o ity o( so e Divine

essen-e o teac%e . It is -ene ally acco )anie! 3it% a ) evio$s notice t%at it is )e (o e! acco !in-to t%e )$ )ose an! )o3e o( Go!. e 3%o %as )o3e to esta+lis% t%e la3s o( nat$ e, can, +y t%e sa e )o3e , s$s)en! t%e at)leas$ e. Co on events a e calle! nat$ al. 7nco on events a e calle! i acles. It a))ea s easona+le t%at a evelation ( o Deity s%o$l! +e s$))o te! +y i acles. T%ey a e %isseal +y 3%ic% %e ) oves %is co $nications Divine. I /in-s 1$!-es "%atis sai! o( t%e n$ +e Va iety :. T%ey 3e e )e (o e! +y )e sons 4no3n to +e )oo , $nlea ne!, o( lo3 con!ition, an!!estit$te o( - eat ( ien!s an! )o3e ($l )at ons Acts #H; < &H1# 1;. ;. T%ey 3e e !ecla e! +e(o e%an!, 3 o$-%t, an! a))eale! to an! t%at in t%e ) esence o(t%e - eat an! no+le o( a lea ne! a-e, 3%o, conse?$ently, 3e e not easily !el$!e!. As, t%e e(o e, i acles, +ein- ve y e t ao !ina y events, e?$i e o e t%an o !ina y ) oo(,so t%ose o( t%e *i+le %ave t%is ve y st on- an! e t a evi!ence.

+. 'IRACLES IN T E OLD TESTA'ENT.T%e ) inci)al i acles eco !e! in t%e Ol! Testa ent a e (i(ty (o$ in n$ +e , e + acin- a vast

va iety in t%e !is)lay o( o ni)otent )o3e . T%ey 3e e not 3 o$-%t on t ivial occasions, li4e t%e) o!i-ies o( G ee4 an! Ro an yt%olo-y, +$t on occasions 3o t%y o( Divine inte )osition. T%ey a ea+sol$tely necessa y to acco$nt (o t%e e istence o( t%e 0e3is% nation, so inti ately a e t%eyinte 3oven 3it% t%ei o i-in an! %isto y. 2=. O( t%ose +y 3%o t%ey 3e e )e (o e! "e e t%ey!ecla e! +e(o e%an! "%y !o i acles e?$i e e t ao !ina y ) oo( ave t%ey t%is ) oo( o3 !ot%ey !i((e ( o t%e ) o!i-ies o( yt%olo-y o3 elate! to 0e3is% %isto y

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c. 'IRACLES IN T E NE" TESTA'ENT. T%e ) inci)al i acles eco !e! in t%e Ne3 Testa ent a e (i(ty one, +esi!es any not s)eci(ie!

+$t s)o4en o( in t%e ass. T%o$-% 3 o$-%t to ce ti(y a evelation, nea ly all o( t%e a e 3o 4s o(e cy an! 4in!ness to s$((e in- %$ anity.

T%ey a e so inte 3oven 3it% t%e Gos)el na ative t%at t%ey cannot +e se)a ate! ( o it an! leaveany e ain!e o( C% istian t $t%. It is )lain t%at 3e %ave an %isto ic an! s$)e nat$ al Savio , o noneat all.

T%e i acles o( t%e *i+le, in t%e a-- e-ate, s$stain t%e test o( Leslie in %is KS%o t an! Easy'et%o! 3it% t%e Deists.K is cele+ ate! (o$ $les (o !ete inin- t%e t $t% o( atte s o( (act in-ene al a eH K 1. T%at t%e (act +e s$c% as t%at en@s o$t3a ! senses t%ei eyes an! ea s ay +e >$!-eso( it. 2. T%at it +e !one )$+licly in t%e (ace o( t%e 3o l!. #. T%at not only )$+lic on$ ents +e 4e)t $)in e o y o( it, +$t so e o$t3a ! action +e )e (o e!. &. T%at s$c% on$ ents an! s$c% actionsan! o+se vances +e instit$te!, an! !o co ence ( o t%e ti e t%at t%e atte o( (act 3as !one.K0$!ais 3it% its it$al, an! C% istianity an! its sac a ents, a e s$c% (acts an! on$ ents an!o+se vances. 2 . o3 any i acles in t%e Ne3 Testa ent "%at o( t%ei connection 3it% t%eGos)el %isto y "%at o( Leslie@s (o$ $les Do t%e i acles o( t%e *i+le acco ! 3it% t%e

!. RES7RRECTION OF 0ES7S C RIST. T%e ost e a 4a+le o( all i acles is t%e es$ ection o( 0es$s C% ist ( o t%e !ea!. It,

t%e e(o e, is entitle! to a !istinct e a ination. T%e (ollo3in- (acts in t%e case a e ac4no3le!-e! +y ( ien!s an! (oesH 1. 0es$s C% ist ( e?$ently) e!icte! t%e ci c$ stances o( %is !eat%. 0o%n 2H1 21 'att. 2 H1=, 1 . e act$ally !ie!. 'a 4 1:H#


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:. I( t%ey 3e e all aslee), t%ey co$l! not !e)ose to any t%in- t%at )asse! eanti e, e ce)tt%at t%e to + 3as vacate! in so e $n4no3n anne . Slee)in- 3itnessesB T%ey co$l! not 4no3 t%at it

3as stolen o , i( it 3as, +y 3%o . ;. It 3as ce tain !eat% to Ro an sol!ie s to +e (o$n! slee)in- $)on -$a !. ence, i( t%ey%a! +een aslee), t%ey 3o$l! not %ave vol$nta ily con(esse! it. I( t%ei e)o t %a! +een +elieve!, t%e

$le s 3o$l! %ave )$nis%e! t%e . T%is t%ey neve !i!. 'att. 2=H12 1:. #2. Does t%e consi!e ation o( t%e season en!e t%e e)o t (avo a+le "%at 3as t%e season "o$l! all

t%e -$a ! +e li4ely to slee) at once Is it ) o)e to a! it slee)in- 3itnesses "%at la3 3o$l! se ve to4ee) t%e a3a4e


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e. ISTORICAL EVIDENCE, CONTIN7ED. PROP EC5 is a i acle o( 4no3le!-e, a !ecla ation o( so et%in- ($t$ e, +eyon! t%e )o3e o(%$ an sa-acity to calc$late. T%e ) o)%ecies o( t%e *i+le (o a e-$la syste , an! ay +e classi(ie!as (ollo3s, na ely, P o)%ecies elatin- to t%e 0E"IS NATION. a . Conce nin- t%e )oste ity o( A+ a%a . P o)%ecyH Gen. 12H1 # 1#H1; 1:H: 1ection, +yS%is%a4, 4in- o( E-y)t S%al ane e , 4in- o( Assy ia Ne+$c%a!ne a , an! seve al ot%e s. 2. T%ei(a ines si %$n! e! yea s a(te 'oses, a on- t%e Is aelites. A-ain, nine %$n! e! yea s a(te , a on-t%e 0e3s. An! (inally, (i(teen %$n! e! yea s a(te . #. T%ei e!$ction, 3itnesse! +y all nations 3%e et%ey %ave +een !is)e se!. 5et t%ey contin$e! a se)a ate )eo)le, an! %ave +eco e Ka +y 3o ! a on-all nations,K KTo >e3 si-ni(ies @to c%eat o !e( a$!.@ K N. "e+ste .

A 4in- o( En-lan! as4e! %is c%a)lain, K"%at is t%e ost convincin- ) oo( o( t%e t $t% o( t%e*i+le K KT%e 0e3s, yo$ 'a>esty,K 3%o, 3it%o$t a co$nt y (o ei-%teen %$n! e! yea s, %ave ($l(ille! t%e) o)%ecies +y etainin- t%ei !istinct nationality, esistin- all ten!encies to assi ilation an!a+so )tion. PROP ECIES elatin- to OT ER NATIONS. Ty e, E e4. 2; E-y)t, Isa. 1 0e . &E e4. 2 # . Et%io)ia, Isa. 1=H1 ; 2 H# : E e4. # H&. Nineve%, Na%$ 1 2 #. *a+ylon, Isaia% 1# 0e .: :1. T%e (o$ - eat e )i es o( anti?$ity, t%e *a+ylonian, Pe sian, G ecian, an! Ro an. #


17/57

:#H . F$l(ill entH 'att. 2


18/57

note, as (ollo3sH C%a)te $st as yo$ %ave it, an! !o not +e !ist$ +e! i( %e e an! t%e e yo$ (in! a - ain o( san! 3%ic%t%e illstone ay %ave s$((e e! to )ass. I( t%e oly Sc i)t$ es, 3%ic% %ave +een so o(ten co)ie!, 3e ea+sol$tely 3it%o$t va iations, t%is 3o$l! +e so - eat a i acle t%at (ait% in t%e 3o$l! +e no lon-e(ait%. I a astonis%e!, on t%e cont a y, t%at ( o all t%ese t ansc i)tions t%e e %as not es$lte! a- eate n$ +e o( va io$s ea!in-s.K I( t%e 0e3s %a! ta )e e! 3it% t%ei Sc i)t$ es, t%ey 3o$l! %ave e ase! t%e eco ! o( t%ei o3nc i es, i!olat ies, an! e+ellions a-ainst 0e%ova%. T%e e is sca cely a )assa-e o( t%e Ne3 Testa ent 3%ic% is not ?$ote! +y t%e (at%e s, an! +y ot%e

3 ite s o( t%e (i st t% ee cent$ ies. T%e ) i itive C% istians 3e e !ivi!e! into !i((e ent sects.T%ese 3o$l!, o( co$ se, ) event one anot%e ( o a4in- any alte ation in t%e te t. O+se ve t%e 3a4e($l >ealo$sy +et3een t%e 0e3s an! Sa a itans +et3een t%e Essenes,

Sa!!$cees, an! P%a isees, an! !i((e ent C% istian sects in all a-es. &:. "%at is sai! o( t%e (at%e s, etcO( t%e ) i itive C% istians o3 !i! t%e e istence o( !i((e ent sects ten! to ) ese ve t%e o i-inal te t It 3o$l! not +e )ossi+le (o a Calvinist, o a *a)tist, o a 'et%o!ist, o a 7nita ian, to alte t%e*i+le in t%e least to s$it %is sect, 3it%o$t +ein- !etecte! an! e )ose!. Co)ies o( t%e Ne3 Testa ent 3e e ea ly !ist i+$te! in va io$s )a ts o( t%e 3o l!. 'any o( t%ese

an$sc i)ts a e still e tant, an! essentially a- ee 3it% eac% ot%e . D$ in- t%e (i st an! secon! cent$ ies, as 3as ) e!icte!, (alse C% ists, (alse -os)els, an! (alsee)istles, eve y 3%e e a+o$n!e!. 'a 4 1#H22 L$4e 1H1 Gal. 1H; II T%ess. 2H2 12 I 0o%n 2H1=. T%ese

3e e all o( s%o t e istence. T%e inte- ity o( t%e oly Sc i)t$ es is s$+stantiate! +y evi!ence ten(ol! o e va io$s, co)io$s,an! concl$sive t%an t%at 3%ic% can +e a!!$ce! in s$))o t o( any ot%e ancient +oo4, even t%e ost%i-%ly ) i e! G ee4 an! Latin classics. I( t%e e(o e, t%e (acts elatin- to t%e o i-in, nat$ e, an!) o- ess o( C% istianity a e not esta+lis%e!, not%inin %$ an %isto y can +e +elieve!. &;. Is it so att%e ) esent !ay "%at o( t%e !i((e ent co)ies o( t%e Ne3 Testa ent t%at 3e e ea ly !ist i+$te! "%at) e!ications 3e e to ta4e )lace !$ in- t%e secon! an! t%i ! cent$ ies O( 3%at !$ ation 3e e t%ey

"%at is sai! o( t%e inte- ity o( t%e Sc i)t$ es "%ile illions o( lea ne! vol$ es, 3%ic% ) o ise! i o tality to t%ei a$t%o s, %ave s$n4 intoo+livion, t%e *i+le %as s$ vive! even a-ainst o))osition s$c% as no ot%e +oo4 eve 4ne3. T%e lo(tiest ) etensions o( lea nin-, science, an! )%iloso)%y t%e ost ali-nant a ts o( 3it,sati e, an! sc$ ility, %ave +een e )loye! a-ainst t%e *i+le in vain. T%o$san!s o( ti es it %as +een con!e ne!, +anis%e!, +$ ne!. Still it s$ vives, an! 3ill s$ vivet%e !issol$tion o( 3o l!s. I Pet. 1H2&, 2:.

2. INTERNAL EVIDENCE. T%is 4in! o( evi!ence is (o$n! in t%e con tents o( t%e *i+le itsel(. S$c% evi!ence s%o$l! +ee a ine! 3it% - eat ca$tion (o , i( t%e +oo4 is eally ( o Go!, it s%o$l! +e eceive! 3%ateve it ay

+e (o$n! to contain. A. Consi!e t%e %a ony o( its seve al )a ts. T%e *i+le is o e ) o)e ly a li+ a y t%an a +oo4. Itconsists o( seve al !istinct +oo4s +o$n! $) to-et%e . &


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It 3as 3 itten +y at least (o ty !i((e ent en, o( a - eat va iety o( talents, -eni$s, an! lea nin-, in va io$s )a ts o( t%e ea t%, 3it%o$t conce t, an! in !i((e ent )e io!s o( ti e, occ$)yin- a s)ace +et3eent%e e t e es o( (i(teen %$n! e! yea s. An! yet an enti e %a ony o( senti ent )e va!es t%e 3%ole.

o3 $nli4e all ot%e 3 itin-s in t%is es)ectB *. T%e si )licity o( its 3%ole !esi-n. It %as one si )le an! sin-le o+>ect ( o t%e +e-innin- tot%e en! a %isto y o( t%e e!e )tion o( o$ ace +y 0es$s C% ist. T%is -ol!en t% ea! +in!s $) all t%e

+oo4s into $nity.

T%is $ni(o o+>ect is t%e o e e a 4a+le 3%en 3e consi!e t%e - eat n$ +e o( 3 ite s, an!t%e !istance +et3een t%e )e io!s in 3%ic% t%ey 3 ote. In one o( t%e ve y (i st c%a)te s o( t%e *i+le t%e co in- o( t%e Savio is (o etol!. An! ( o t%atti e sac e! %isto y a 4s o$t an! (ollo3s t%e line o( s$ccession 3%ic% con!$cts to C% ist. Gen. #H1:L$4e 2&H2ect.

& . "%at nations 3e e t%e e Does sac e! %isto y a4e any !istinction "%y "%at ($t$ ee a 4a+le "%at !esi-n is (o$n! in t%e 0e3is% sac i(ices To 3%o !o t%ey )oint "%at o( t%e

nation ( o 3%o t%e 'essia% 3as to co e "%at !oes all t%is ) ove C. T%e *i+le is in %a ony 3it% t%e li-%t o( nat$ e. T%is is a ($n!a ental )oint, an! s%o$l! +e

3ell o+se ve!. It is $nans3e a+ly ) ove! +y *is%o) *$tle in %is Analo-y, t%at all t%e o+>ections a-ainstC% istianity ay +e >$st as st on-ly $ -e! a-ainst t%e constit$tion an! co$ se o( nat$ e, 3%ic% all,e ce)t t%e At%eists, a! it ) ocee!s ( o Go!. T%e *i+le is not t%e only so$ ce o( eli-io$s 4no3le!-e. Nat$ e an! P ovi!ence %ave a voice ont%is s$+>ect. Ps. 1 Ro . 1H2 . T%e li-%t o( nat$ e, %o3eve , 3%en co )a e! 3it% t%at o( evelation, is li4e t%e li-%t o( t%e oono a sta , 3%en co )a e! 3it% t%at o( t%e s$n. T%e *i+le neve ecli)ses inte io li-%ts, e ce)t +y its s$)e io l$ste . Instea! o( closin- o$ eyes tot%e ani(estations o( Go!, as -iven $s in nat$ e, it a4es $s see t%e o e clea ly. Ps. 1 H1 =. : .

"%at is t%e t%i ! 4in! o( evi!ence "%at is sai! o( *$tle @s Analo-y "%at ot%e so$ ce is t%e e o(t%e e o( eli-io$s 4no3le!-e "%at Sc i)t$ e ) oves t%is o3 ay t%e !i((e ent li-%ts +e co )a e!Does t%e *i+le o))ose o ai! t%e li-%t o( nat$ e Nat$ e s$--ests t%at t%e A$t%o o( o$ +ein- is ost +enevolent in %is c%a acte . T%e *i+leco es)on!s KGo! is love.K I 0o%n &H=, 1;. All nat$ e e) esents %i as ost !eci!e! an! e((icient in %is -ove n ent ( o3nin- $)on sin

3it% an a3($l seve ity o( >$!- ent. T%e *i+le co es)on!s KGo! is a cons$ in- (i e,K is as acons$ in- (i e to t%e 3ic4e!. e+. 12H2 1 H2< II T%es. 2H=. Co )a e Dent. &H2& H#. KT%e Lo ! ei-net%, let t%e ea t% e>oice.K KT%e Lo ! ei-net%, let t%e )eo)le t e +le.K Ps.


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in a st on-e li-%t. An!, in a!!ition, it !iscloses ot%e t $t%s, still o e val$a+le to $s. It teac%es $s t%at Go! is 1ove,t%at an is i o tal, t%at sin is an in(inite evil 3%ic% can +e (o -iven only t% o$-% (ait% in 0es$sC% ist. :1. In 3%at instance !o nat$ e an! t%e *i+le co es)on! Anot%e "%at te ts o( Sc i)t$ eill$st ate t%ese to3 !oct ines o3 !oes t%e *i+le !i((e ( o nat$ e as to t%e ) inci)les o( o al-ove n ent Does t%e *i+le !isclose any i )o tant t $t%s t%at nat$ e !oes not

#. E6PERI'ENTAL EVIDENCE. T%is 4in! o( evi!ence is t%e ost convincin- o( all. It is (o$n! in its o al )o3e ove t%e %$ an%ea t. T%e *i+le is 4no3n +y its ( $its. To ill$st ateH S$))ose a ! ea!($l )la-$e s%o$l! + ea4 o$t in t%e city o( Ne3 5o 4, an! s) ea!t% o$-%o$t t%e 7nite! States, ca yin- conste nation an! !eat% into t%o$san!s o( (a ilies. A(te a-in- (o seve al ont%s, intelli-ence is + o$-%t ( o C%ina o( a ce tain )lant t%at %ast%e e +een (o$n!, an! ) ove! to +e a e e!y (o t%is !isease. O$ -ove n ent concl$!es to sen! a s%i) (o a s$))ly o( t%e a ticle, an! o$ citi ens eve y3%e ea e 3aitin- 3it% an iety t%e s%i)@s et$ n at len-t% s%e a ives, an! t%e a ticle is in ($ll ci c$lation. No3, t%e ?$estion is, "%at 3ill inte est o$ )eo)le ost "ill it +e an e a ination o( t%eevi!ence t%e e ay +e t%at t%e s%i) %as act$ally +een to C%ina, o t%at %e la!in- consists o( t%ei!entical a ticle (o 3%ic% s%e 3as sent "ill t%ey not +e o e an io$s to 4no3 3%et%e t%is e!icine

3ill c$ e :2. "%at is t%e t%i ! class o( evi!ence In 3%at !oes it consist O( 3%at i )o tance is it "%at ill$st ation is -iven S$))ose an in!ivi!$al inte este! in t%e contin$ance o( t%e !isease s%o$l! ) ono$nce it all ani )osition. KSto),K %e i-%t say, K%o3 !o yo$ 4no3 t%at t%is is a eal e e!y T%at s%i) neve ca e( o C%ina. T%e o((ice s an! c e3 %ave $nite! in a !ece)tion. E a ine %e )a)e s, an! yo$ 3ill (in! ita !el$sion.K No3, 3o$l! t%e ass +e in(l$ence! +y s$c% o+>ections No. T%ei e)ly 3o$l! +e, K"e leave allt%is 3it% t%e c$sto %o$se o((ice s. At ) esent 3e %ave no ti e to in?$i e into t%ese atte s. T%is

e!icine %as c$ e! t%o$san!s. It is no3 c$ in- t%o$san!s o e. Nay, 3e 3e e sic4, an! it %as c$ e!$s. O$ nei-%+o s an! ( ien!s a e !yin-, an! t%e e is not%in- else to t y.K T%$s, 3e ely $)on t%e evi!ence 3e %ave. It is !i ect. It is s$((icient. "e %ave eason to +elievet%e e!icine 3ill c$ e. T%is 3o$l! +e t%e s$+stance o( t%ei e)ly, an! t%ey 3%o 3o$l! +e save! ( osin s%o$l! !o t%e sa e. "%e eve 3e o)en t%e sac e! vol$ e 3e (in! so e !i ection, 3%ic%, i( ) o)e ly o+se ve!, 3o$l!

a4e $s -oo! citi ens, -oo! nei-%+o s, -oo! ( ien!s, an! -oo! en. :#. In e a inin- t%is s$+>ect%o3 s%o$l! 3e ) ocee!, i( 3e s%o$l! +e save! "%at $se($l !i ections !oes t%e *i+le contain "%e eve it %as +een eceive! an! o+eye!, t%e ost +ene(icial e((ects %ave (ollo3e!. Eve y nation, o( eve y a-e t% o$-% 3%ic% it %as !escen!e! to $s, %as +een +lesse! +y it. T%e + i-%test s)ots $)on t%e -lo+e, in eve y vie3, intellect$al, social, civil, o al, an! eli-io$s,%ave eve +een t%ose 3%e e t%e *i+le %as +een ost %ono e! an! o+eye!. "%e eve C% istian issiona ies %ave -one, t%e ost +a +a o$s nations %ave +eco e civili e!an! save!. T%e ancient in%a+itants o( Ge any, $n-a y, Den a 4, S3e!en, * itain, an! I elan!, as alsot%ose o( No t% an! So$t% A e ica, t%e East an! "est In!ies, G eenlan!, So$t% an! "est A( ica, etc.,a e all ill$st io$s on$ ents o( t%e +lesse! e((ects o( t%e *i+le. Anot%e e((ect 3%ic% t%e Sc i)t$ es ) o!$ce 3%e eve t%ey a e !$ly es)ecte!, is esi-nation an!)eace in vie3 o( !eat%. T%is is an %onest %o$ . "%ile t%e ost note! $n+elieve s o(ten eno$nce t%ei syste s o( in(i!elity, an! t%e e+y s%o3t%ei insince ity, t%e C% istian +elieve is o e t%an eve attac%e! to t%e +oo4 t%at eveals to %iete nal li(e. :&. as t%is +een eali e! 3%e e t%e *i+le %as +een eceive! "%at is sai! o( eve y nation,etc. "%ic% a e t%e + i-%test s)ots on t%e -lo+e O( 3%at +ene(it %ave C% istian issiona ies +een

"%at on$ ents e ist o( t%e -oo! e((ects o( t%e *i+le "%at e((ect !oes it ) o!$ce in vie3 o( !eat% "%at cont ast +et3een t%e +elieve an! $n+elieve

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Anot%e ani(estation o( t%e -oo! e((ects o( t%e *i+le is t%e t eat ent it eceives ( o i o alen.

"%e e !o 3e %ea t%e *i+le conte ne!, an! its a$t%o ity s)$ ne! It is a on- t%e i-no ant an! vicio$s. "%e e !oes it eceive $n eas$ e! ins$lt an! sco n, +$t in -a +lin- %o$ses, ti))lin- %o$ses, an!ot%e vile )laces "%o a e t%ey t%at snee a+o$t t%e in!elicacies o( t%e *i+le, +$t t%ose 3%osei a-ination an! %ea t a e (o$n! !is)ose! to s$c% t%in-s

As, t%e e(o e, all $n+elie( %as a o al ca$se in t%e !e) ave! %ea t at%e t%an intellect$al ca$sein not satis(yin- t%e %$ an eason, it is 3ise to a))ly t%e )$n-ent t $t%s o( C% istianity to t%e %ea tso( $n+elieve s t%an to !is)$te a+o$t its evi!ences. Ps. 1&H1 0o%n H2oice in t%e li-%t o( evelation, 3%ic% %as set e at est in any t%in-s,t%e anne 3%e eo( o( y )oo eason can +y no eans a4e o$t to e.K 0O N LOC/E, t%eP%iloso)%e . :


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KI %ave e-$la ly an! attentively ea! t%e oly Sc i)t$ es, an! a o( t%e o)inion t%at t%is vol$ e, in!e)en!ently o( its Divine o i-in, contains o e t $e s$+li ity, o e e ?$isite +ea$ty, o e)$ e o ality, o e i )o tant %isto y, an! (ine st ains +ot% o( )oet y an! elo?$ence, t%an co$l! +ecollecte! ( o all ot%e +oo4s.K Si "ILLIA' 0ONES, t%e - eat O iental sc%ola . KT%e ost 3on!e ($l vol$ e in e istence is, +eyon! !o$+t, t%e *i+le.K P o(esso O. '.'ITC ELL, LL.D., t%e Ast ono e an! )at iotic Gene al. KTell t%e ) ince t%at t%is a costly co)y o( t%e *i+le is t%e sec et o( En-lan!@s - eatness.

K 97EEN VICTORIA@S essa-e to an A( ican ) ince 3%o sent an e +assy to lea n t%e sec et o(* itain@s )o3e . +. T%e %o a-e o( e inent )e sons to t%e *i+leH KIt is t%e *i+le, t%e *i+le itsel(, 3%ic% co +atsan! t i$ )%s ost e((icacio$sly in t%e 3a +et3een inc e!$lity an! +elie(.K 'onsie$ F. P. G.G7IJOT, t%e States an an! isto ian. KI call t%at, a)a t ( o all t%eo ies a+o$t it, one o( t%e - an!est t%in-s eve 3 itten 3it% )en. Ano+le +oo4B All en@s +oo4B T O'AS CARL5LE on t%e *oo4 o( 0o+.KA+ove all, t%e )$ e an! +eni-n li-%t o( REVELATION %as %a! a elio atin- in(l$ence on an4in!,an! inc ease! t%e +lessin-s o( society.K GEORGE "AS INGTON. KI !o not +elieve %$ an society, incl$!in- not e ely a (e3 )e sons in any state, +$t 3%ole

asses o( en, eve %as attaine!, o eve can attain, a %i-% state o( intelli-ence, vi t$e, sec$ ity,li+e ty, o %a))iness 3it%o$t t%e oly Sc i)t$ es.K "ILLIA' . SE"ARD.

KI %ave ea! it t% o$-% any ti es. I no3 a4e a ) actice o( -oin- t% o$-% it once a yea . It is a +oo4 o( all ot%e s (o la3ye s as 3ell as !ivines. I )ity t%e an 3%o cannot (in! in it a ic% s$))ly o(t%o$-%t an! $les o( Con!$ct.K DANIEL "E*STER. :=. "%at instances o( t%e %o a-e o( e inent

en KI (in! o e s$ e a 4s o( a$t%enticity in t%e *i+le t%an in any ) o(ane %isto y 3%ateve . K SiISAAC NE"TON, t%e P%iloso)%e an! Ast ono e . KI 4no3 t%e *i+le is ins)i e!, +eca$se it (in!s e at - eate !e)t%s o( y +ein- t%an any ot%e

+oo4.K S. T. COLERIDGE. KT%y c eat$ es %ave +een y +oo4s, +$t t%y Sc i)t$ es $c% o e.K LORD *ACON. KC% ist ) ove! t%at %e 3as t%e Son o( t%e Ete nal +y %is !is e-a ! o( ti e. All %is !oct inessi-ni(y only, an! t%e sa e t%in-, ete nity.K NAPOLEON *ONAPARTE. c. T%e a! issions o( s4e)tics es)ectin- t%e *i+leH KI con(ess to yo$ t%at t%e a>esty o( t%eSc i)t$ es st i4es e 3it% a! i ation, as t%e )$ ity o( t%e Gos)el %at% its in(l$ence on y %ea t.K

0EAN 0AC97ES RO7SSEA7. KI %ave al3ays sai!, an! al3ays 3ill say, t%at t%e st$!io$s )e $sal o( t%e sac e! vol$ e 3ill a4e

+ette citi ens, +ette (at%e s, an! +ette %$s+an!s.K T O'AS 0EFFERSON.KI !e(y yo$ all, as any as a e %e e, to ) e)a e a tale so si )le an! so to$c%in- as t%e tale o( t%e)assion an! !eat% o( 0es$s C% ist, 3%ose in(l$ence 3ill +e t%e sa e a(te so any cent$ ies.K DENISDIDEROT, t%e F enc% At%eist. : . A! issions o( s4e)tics KVie3 it in 3%at li-%t 3e ay, t%e *i+le is a ve y s$ )assin- )%eno enon. 'en est on t%is t%ei!ea est %o)es. It tells t%e o( Go! an! o( %is +lesse! Son, o( ea t%ly !$ties an! %eavenly est.K

T EODORE PAR/ER, t%e Pant%eist. !. T%e e a 4a+le s) ea! o( C% istianity a-ainst t%e o))osition o( all t%e 3o l! +y so 3ea4 ana-ency as a (e3 $nlea ne! !isci)les, 3it%o$t t%e ) esti-e o( an4, t%e in(l$ence o( 3ealt%, o t%e ai! o(t%e civil )o3e . e. T%e ) esent ($n!a ental elation o( C% istianity to t%e 3o l!@s a ts, sciences, li+e ties, la3s,an! ) o- ess, es)ecially t%e (act t%at t%e ost C% istian nations a e t%e ost a!vance! in intelli-encean! )o3e , !e onst ates t%at t%e syste is a!a)te! to sec$ e an@s %i-%est %a))iness in t%is 3o l!.

; . "%at o( t%e s) ea! o( C% istianity "%at elation to %$ an ) o- ess

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Part 02 Doctrine of Christianity

Ch 01 E istence of !od

T E Divine a$t%o ity o( t%e Sc i)t$ es %avin- +een esta+lis%e!, 3e 3ill ne t e a ine t%e ine(e ence to t%e !oct ines t%ey contain.

T%e !oct ine 3%ic% t%e (i st sentence o( t%e *i+le $n(ol!s is, t%at T ERE IS A GOD, T E CREATOR o(all t%in-s. Gen. 1H1. T%e +elie( o( t%is !oct ine is t%e (i st an! F7NDA'ENTAL PRINCIPLE o( allt $e eli-ion, an! t%e e(o e !e an!s o$ ea liest consi!e ation. e+. 11H;. T%e ins)i e! 3 ite s ASS7'E T IS DOCTRINE as a t $t% 4no3n an! a! itte!. ence t%ey !onot ente into any (o al ) oo( o( it. ;1. "it% 3%at )$ )ose s%o$l! 3e ne t e a ine t%e sc i)t$ es

"%at !oct ine is (i st ta$-%t Do t%e ins)i e! 3 ite s ente into any (o ality in teac%in- t%is!oct ine "%y T%e e istence o( Go! is ) ove! +y O7R O"N E6ISTENCE, an! t%e e istence o( 3%at is seena o$n! $s, as 3ell as ( o 3%at t%e Sc i)t$ es !ecla e. All t%in-s 3%ic% a e seen *EGAN TO E6IST. No3, t%ey eit%e c eate! t%e selves, ca e intoe istence +y e e c%ance, o 3e e c eate! +y so e ot%e +ein-. *$t SELF CREATION is a cont a!iction, (o it s$))oses t%at a +ein- can act +e(o e it e ists, ot%at an e((ect is t%e ca$se o( itsel(. ence to 3 ite atte 3it% a ca)ital ' an! call it Go! elieves no!i((ic$lty, 3%ile it aises any. CREATION *5 C ANCE is a+s$ ! (o to say t%at a t%inis ) o!$ce!, an! yet t%at t%e e is noca$se o( its ) o!$ction, is to say t%at so et%inis e((ecte! 3%en it is e((ecte! +y not%in- t%at is, note((ecte! at all. All t%in-s, t%en, 3%ic% !o a))ea , $st %ave +een c eate! +y so e ot%e *ein- T AT *EING ISGOD. Gen. 1H1 Acts 1&H1: 1$sta+ove t%e t%e (i st t aces o( o -anic li(e is (o$n!. T%e -$l( +et3een !ea! atte an! o -anic li(e isin(initely + oa!. It can +e + i!-e!, not +y any nat$ al la3, +$t only +y t%e inte vention o( an act o(o ni)otent )o3e in c eation. In t%e -eolo-ic e)oc%s t%e e a e seve al s$c% )oints 3%e e ol! aces a e!est oye! an! ne3 ones int o!$ce! so !i((e ent ( o t%e (o e t%at t%ey ;#. O( t%e t%eo y o(evol$tion "%at o( 3o 4s o( c eation E istence o( li(e "%at o( -eolo-y co$l! not +e !e ive! ( ot%e , an! %ence t%ey $st %ave +een !i ect c eations. T%is !oct ine %as ($ t%e evi!ence o( its t $t% in 3%at a e calle! t%e EVENTS OF PROVIDENCE.E o!. :H1


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T%is na e, %o3eve , is -iven to t%e A$t%o o( o$ e istence +y 3ay o( e inence an! %e only isentitle! to t%e na e. De$t. vi, & I Co . viii, &;. is ost a)) o) iate na e is 0E OVA , 3%ic% is notan acci!ental na e, !estit$te o( si-ni(icance, +$t a na e a!o)te! +y Go! %i sel(, an! Kset in Is aelK toe ) ess t%e yste y o( %is +ein-. It is $s$ally t anslate! LORD in t%e Ol! Testa ent, so t%at t%e

e o ial na e is not notice! +y t%e En-lis% ea!e . E o!. #H 1&, 1: Ps. =#H1= Isa. 2;H&. It !enotesete nal e istence. T%e e+ e3s %a! it in s$c% eve ence t%at t%ey !i! not ) ono$nce it. Rev. 1H= &H=11H1ect t%e *i+le as Go!@s eveale! 3ill.Deis , Pant%eis , an! At%eis a e eac% o( t%e a c e!$lity o( t%e - eatest 4in!, %o3eve t%ey ay +e!is-$ise! in t%e -a + o( )%iloso)%y, e?$ally !e- a!in- to t%e $n!e stan!in- an! to t%e %ea t. Ps. 1&H11 H& , =2H: 0o+ 21H1& 1:. ;:. "%o a e calle! T%eists Deists Pant%eists 'ate ialists I!ealist

At%eists

Ch 02 "ttrib#tes of !od

T%e att i+$tes o( Go! a e t%e seve al ?$alities o )e (ections o( t%e Divine nat$ e o , in ot%e 3o !s, t%e !i((e ent )a ts o( %is c%a acte . T%ese a e calle! att i+$tes +eca$se Go! att i+$tes t%e to%i sel(, an! )e (ections +eca$se t%ey a e t%e seve al e) esentations o( t%at one )e (ection, 3%ic% is%i sel(. T%ese att i+$tes a e !ivi!e! into t3o classes, t%e NAT7RAL an! t%e 'ORAL. T%e NAT7RAL att i+$tes a e t%ose ?$alities 3%ic% !o not i e!iately incl$!e t%e notion o(

o al action, +ein- in!e)en!ent o( t%e 3ill. T%e 'ORAL att i+$tes a e t%ose 3%ic% -ive 3o t%iness to all %is )e (ections, en!e in- %iin(initely lovely. T%ey involve an e e cise o( t%e 3ill. As a an !oes not 3ill to +e si (eet %i-%, +$t !oes

3ill to +e %onest, so Go! !oes not 3ill to +e ete nal, +$t %e !oes 3ill to +e >$st. I( t%is is not so, Go! %asonly nat$ al att i+$tes, an! is !estit$te o( a o al c%a acte . 1. NAT7RAL ATTRI*7TES. As to t%e nat$ e o s$+stance o( Go! t%e testi ony o( Sc i)t$ e is ost !e(inite. 0o%n &H 2& IICo . #H1


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c%il!. KI 3ill,K sai! t%e c%il!, Ki( yo$ 3ill tell e 3%e e %e is not.K ;


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11H## I Co . #H1 Col. 2H# 0$!e 2: Rev. :H12. +. GOODNESS, o +enevolence, is Go!@s !is)osition to co $nicate t%e %i-%est %a))iness.It is ) ove! in t%e sa e anne as 3is!o . E o!. #&H: Ps. ##H: :2H1 1


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an livin- is an e a )le o( a t inity an! $nity in %is o3n )e son. e %as a so$l, a ational in!, an! a +o!y, an! 3e call eac% +y t%e sa e na e, an. "%en 3e say an is i o tal, 3e ean %is so$l 3%en 3e say t%e an is lea ne!, 3e ean %is

in! 3%en 3e say t%e an is sic4, o !ea!, 3e ean %is +o!y. Eac% o( t%ese 3e call t%e an. T%ey a eall !i((e ent ( o eac% ot%e , an! yet t%e e a e not t% ee en, +$t one an. $!- ent, t%e e o y, an!

t%e i a-ination t% ee (ac$lties, eac% o( 3%ic% 3e call in!. T%e o((ice o( eac% is !istinct t%ei a-ination invents i!eas , t%e e o y etains t%e , an! t%e >$!- ent co )a es an! !eci!es. No3eac% is calle! in!, yet t%e e a e not t% ee in!s, +$t one in!. F$ t%e ) oo( o( t%e T inity is to +e (o$n! in a e a 4a+le )ec$lia ity in t%e e+ e3 lan-$a-e,

3%ic% )ec$lia ity %as not its )a allel in any ot%e lan-$a-e. T%e ve y (i st an! ost $s$al a))ellation o( Deity in t%e o i-inal Sc i)t$ es is Elo%i . T%at t%is

3o ! is )l$ al is ce tain not only ( o its (o , +$t also +y its +ein- o(ten >oine! 3it% ot%e 3o !s int%e )l$ al n$ +e . T%e (i st instance occ$ s in t%e ve y (i st sentence o( t%e *i+le, an! in at least t3o t%o$san! (ive%$n! e! ot%e )laces. T%is )ec$lia ity o( i!io is s$))ose! to %ave o i-inate! in a !esi-n to inti ate a )l$ ality in t%enat$ e o( Deity, an! t%$s e cite an! ) e)a e t%e in!s o( en (o t%e ($ll !ecla ation o( t%is yste y

3%ic% Go! inten!e! to a4e.


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T%e !isci)les 3e e (i st calle! C% istians at Antioc%, A. D. &2 o . *$t t%ey 3e e ce tainly as ealC% istians lon- +e(o e t%is na e 3as -iven t%e as t%ey 3e e a(te 3a !. T%e ) inci)al e o s es)ectin- t%e T inity a eH a. SA*ELLIANIS', t%at t%e e is +$t one Pe son ani(estin- %i sel( in t% ee in(l$ences,o)e ations o o((ices. T%is !oct ine ) ese ves t%e !ivinity o( t%e Son an! t%e oly G%ost at t%e e )enseo( t%ei )e sonality. +. S"EDEN*ORGIANIS', t%at t%e e a e t% ee essences in one Pe son 0es$s C% ist. T%is asse ts

t%e S$) e e Deity o( t%e Son at t%e e )ense o( t%e )e sonality o( t%e Fat%e an! t%e S)i it. c. ARIANIS' !enies t%e T inity +y a4in- t%e Son an! S)i it e alte! c eat$ es o( Go!. T%ei)e sonality is ) ese ve! at t%e e )ense


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INSPIRATIONH I Pet . 1H11, 0o%n 1&H2; , 1=H#$st t%e e o

en (all into conce nin- 0es$s C% ist. 0es$s ani(estly clai s s$) e e !ivinity 3%en %e says to P%ili), K e t%at %at% seen e %at%seen t%e Fat%e .K 0o%n 1&H . T%at is, seen t%e Fat%e so (a as %e can +e seen +y o tals. 0es$s 3as t%e%$ an )e sonation o( t%e invisi+le Go!. As t%e so$l, 3%ic% is not !isce ne! in itsel(, is !iscove e! +y

3%at it =&. 'ay not %is %$ anity +e !enie! 3it% e?$al ) o) iety "%y !oes C% ist s)ea4 o( %i sel( 3it% a !o$+le o!e "%at is t%e e o en (all into conce nin- C% ist !oes t% o$-% t%e +o!y, so %esees t%e Fat%e only as %e sees %i in t%e Son. 0o%n 1H1=. e inci!entally ass$ es e?$al an4 3it% t%eFat%e +y t%e $se o( t%e ) ono$ns "E an! 7S, 3%ic% it 3o$l! +e t%e %ei-%t o( ) es$ )tion (o ac eat$ e to $se. 0o%n 1&H2# 1


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Anot%e sc i)t$ e is 'a 4 1 H1=. e e t%e 7nita ian is in t%is !ile a eit%e , KT%e e is none-oo!, +$t Go! C% ist is -oo!H t%e e(o e %e Is GOD K o , KT%e e is none -oo! +$t Go!H C% ist is notGo! t%e e(o e %e IS NOT GOOD.K In vie3 o( C% ist@s any clai s to +e Go!, %e eit%e is Go! o not a-oo! an. ence t%ey 3%o +e-in +y !enyin- C% ist@s s$) e e Deity, lo-ically en! +y assa$ltin- %is

o al inte- ity. In 'a 4 1#H#2, %is i-no ance o( t%e !ay an! %o$ o( t%e co in- o( t%e Son o( an !oes not!is) ove %is Divinity, since it ay %ave +een =:. E )lain t% ee sc i)t$ al. a )a t o( %is %$ iliation in

%is e!iato ial o((ice t%at t%is atte 3as %i!!en ( o %i . is ) aye s to t%e Fat%e !o not a -$e anessential in(e io ity. e co$l! not +e a )e (ect e a )le (o $s 3it%o$t )iety, an! %e co$l! not evince%is )iety 3it%o$t ) aye , ) aise, an! 3o s%i) to %is %eavenly Fat%e .PRINCIPAL ERRORS es)ectin- t%e Pe son o( 0es$s C% istH a. T%e DOCETAI, Kt%e See e s,K ta$-%t t%at t%e %$ anity o( 0es$s 3as not eal +$t only asee in-, an! t%at %e s$((e e! an! !ie! only in a))ea ance. +. A)ollina is ta$-%t t%at 0es$s %a! only a %$ an +o!y en!o3e! 3it% a sensitive +$t not 3it% a

ational so$l, an! t%at Divinity s$))lie! t%e )lace o( t%e intellect in an. c. T%e 'onot%elites ta$-%t t%at 0es$s %a! +$t one 3ill in %is t3o nat$ es. !. T%ey 3%o !eny t%e ete nal Sons%i) teac% t%at t%e Lo-os, o "o !, 0o%n 1H1, 1&, 3as not t%eSon o( Go! $ntil %e 3as t%e Son o( 'a y. T%is o)inion %as neve +een acce)te! as o t%o!o , no %ast%e (ollo3in-H

e. T%at t%e Lo-os +eca e t%e Son o( Go! +y $nitin- %i sel( 3it% a ) e e istent %$ an so$l a-es +e(o e %e +eca e inca nate, ( o 3%ic% =;. "%at (ive ot%e e o s so$1 %e 3ill $lti ately se)a ate%i sel(. T%e ) e e istence o( %$ an so$ls is not ta$-%t in t%e Sc i)t$ es, +$t is a )a t o( t%et ans i- ation o( so$ls (o$n! in ancient yt%olo-y. 'EDIATION. T%e $nion o( t3o 3%ole an! )e (ect nat$ es, Divinity an! $ anity, ?$ali(y 0es$sC% ist to +e t%e 'e!iato , t%at is, )e (ectly to e) esent Go! to sin($l an an! (allen an to Go!, an!to ) ovi!e, t% o$-% %is s%e! +loo! an! t%e a-ency o( t%e oly S)i it, (o a econciliation +et3eent%e . I Ti . 2H: e+. =H; H1: 12H2&.

Ch 0& The 'oly !host

T%e e a e t% ee ) inci)al an! ($n!a ental e o s e tant es)ectin- t%e oly G%ostH 1. It is si )ly anot%e na e (o t%e Fat%e . 2. It is a e e (i-$ e o( s)eec% (o t%e in(l$ence o( t%e Deity. T%e a$t%o o( KEcce o oK e-a !s t%e oly G%ost as t%e es) it !e co )s, o t%e ent%$sias o(t%e Society o( C% istians. T%e va io$s (o s o( Rationalis e-a ! %i as an ene -y o( Go! an! not asa )e son, t%at is, a t%in4in- an! intelli-ent +ein-. =


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)e (ections, an! 3o 4s, )ec$lia to t%e Go!%ea!, asc i+e! to %i , an! is, t%e e(o e, essentially Divine. T%e oly G%ost is calle! Go!, Acts :H# & ==. "%at acts s%o3 t%at %e is a )e son "%atsc i)t$ es asc i+e to %i t%e na e o( Deity Lo !, II Co . #H1


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Ch 0) The Devil and De*ons

In t%e Ne3 Testa ent t%e 3o ! !evils is ( e?$ently an! e oneo$sly $se! (o !e ons, t%at is, evilan-els. Ps.


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ain t $t%s o( t%e *i+le. E o!. :H2 0o+ 21H1&, 1: Ps. 1&H1 0$!e & II Pet. 2H1 #H# :.

Ch 0+ ,an-,an ind

T%is -ene ic te incl$!es t%e 3%ole ace o s)ecies o( %$ an +ein-s, as !escen!e! ( o A!aan! Eve. T%at t%e ace %as a co on o i-in, an! all t%e va ieties o( an %ave :. "ill t%ey eve +e

est aine! "%at 3o$l! t%e ) inci)le o( inte ) etation lea! to t%at !enies t%e e istence o( a !eviloneness o( nat$ e is ta$-%t in t%e (ollo3in- te ts. Gen. 1H2< 2= 2H$st, t%e )$nis%e! i-%t %ave !one ot%e 3ise. I(t%e )$nis%e! i-%t %ave !one ot%e 3ise t%ey 3e e ( ee a-ents. T%e e(o e, i( en a e to +e )$nis%e! int%e ($t$ e 3o l!, t%ey $st +e ( ee in t%is.K #. T%e Sc i)t$ es eve y 3%e e ass$ e t%at en a e ( ee to o+ey Go!@s la3 an! to co )ly 3it% t%e

-!!-


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con!itions o( salvation. P ov. 1H2# #1 'att. 2#H#< 0o%n $st, an! still +e e ci($l. Ro . #H2: 2;. It 3as !esi-ne! to +e satis(acto y to Go! an!in(l$ential 3it% an, e ovin- all o+stacles in e-a ! to +ot% in t%e 3ay o( a co )lete econciliation o(t%e )enitent +elieve . 0o%n 1&H; E)%. 2H1: 1; Col. 2H1# 1:. I( t%e atone ent %a! not +een necessa y, neit%e t%e Fat%e no t%e Son 3o$l! %ave consente! tot%e !eat% o( t%e latte to e((ect it. 'att. 2;H# e+. 2H1 H22, 2= Rev. :H


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T%e Sc i)t$ es teac% t%is !oct ine +y e ) ess !ecla ations. I 0o%n 2H2 e+. 2H I Ti . 2H ; IICo . :H1& 1: 0o%n 1H2 . A on- all t%e va iety o( +ein-s in t%e $nive se, C% ist only is ?$ali(ie! to a4e atone ent, %e

+ein- +ot% !ivine an! %$ an. 0o%n 1H1= I Ti . 2H: ; #H1; e+. 2H 1=. T%e e is a !i((e ence +et3een atone ent an! e!e )tion. Atone ent is (o sin e!e )tion is( o sin an! s$((e in-. "e ay !istin-$is% +et3een atone ent an! t%e a))lication o( atone ent, +$tnot +et3een e!e )tion an! t%e a))lication o( e!e )tion. "e ay ) ay (o e!e )tion, +$t not (o

atone ent. It is ve y i )o tant t%at t%is !istinction +e o+se ve!H not to !o it lays t%e (o$n!ation (o 1 1.o3 !oes t%is a))ea "%at ($ t%e evi!ence "%at !o t%e Sc i)t$ es teac% Is C% ist alone ?$ali(ie!

to a4e atone ent o3 Is t%e e any !i((e ence +et3een e!e )tion an! atone ent "%at is it "%at else es)ectin- t%is !i((e ence - eat e o s. 'a4e t%is !istinction, an! none 3o$l! eve in(et%e !oct ine o( $nive sal salvation ( o t%e $nive sal e tent o( t%e atone ent. T%e e is a 3i!e !i((e ence +et3een an ente tain ent +ein- a!e, an! t%e )a ta4in- o( t%isente tain ent. So t%e e is a 3i!e !i((e ence +et3een t%e s$((iciency o( t%e atone ent an! itse((iciency. It is s$((icient (o t%e 3%ole 3o l!, +$t it is e((icient to t%e salvation o( t%ose only 3%o

e)ent an! +elieve. L$4e 1#H# 'a 4 1;H1; 0o%n 1H11 12 #H1& 1= :H#=, & Ro . #H22 2; I Ti . 2H &; &H1 . T%e atone ent is a ($n!a ental !oct ine o( t%e Gos)el. C% ist c $ci(ie! is t%e t%e e an! -lo y o(

t%e Gos)el. Ro . 1H1: 1; I Co . 1H2# 2& 2H2 Gal. ;H1&. T%e !oct ine o( atone ent is !e ive! 3%olly ( o t%e sac e! Sc i)t$ es. It is t%is 3%ic%!istin-$is%es C% istianity ( o Deis , 'o%a e!anis , Pa-anis , an! all ot%e eli-ions. E o s es)ectin- t%e atone entH 1. T%at t%e Fat%e @s 3 at% a-ainst sinne s is a))ease! +y t%e s$((e in-s o( C% ist, 1 2. Is iti )o tant t%at t%is !istinction +e o+se ve! "%at ill$st ation Is t%is !oct ine ($n!a ental Is itsc i)t$ al "%at !istin-$is%es C% istianity ( o Desi etc. 3%o s%e! %is +loo! to satis(y t%eFat%e @s )e sonal clai . Re($tationH T%e atone ent o i-inate! 3it% t%e Fat%e . 0o%n #H1; Ro . :H=Tit$s 2H11. 2. T%at t%e e is in t%e atone ent no satis(action, +$t only an e %i+ition o( t%e Fat%e @s e cy as ast on- o al s$asive to ! a3 t%e sinne ( o %is sins, co$c%e! in t%e (i-$ ative lan-$a-e o( t%esac i(icial syste o( t%e e+ e3s. Re($te! in 0o%n 1H2 Acts 2 H2= E)%. 1H< Col. 1H1& e+. H12, 1& I0o%n 1H$st to )$nis% +ot% t%e sinne an! %is s$+stit$te. Re($tationHT%e e is no al-e+ aic e?$ation +et3een C% ist@s s$((e in-s an! t%e 3o l!@s sins. 1 #. "%at t% eee o s o3 e($te! T%e atone ent 3as t%e esta+lis% ent o( a ne3 ) inci)le $n!e t%e ei-n o( la3,t%e !e onst ation o( t%e (act t%at Go! co$l! K+e >$st an! t%e >$sti(ie o( %i 3%ic% +elievet%.K Ro .#H2;. T%e sa e s$((e in- 3o$l! +e e?$i e! to e!ee one sinne as to e!ee a t%o$san! illion.*ENEFITS OF T E ATONE'ENT. 'an %avin- (o (eite! -oo! o( eve y 4in!, even li(e itsel(, +y %is t ans- ession, all t%at e ains to%i , o e t%an evil in t%e nat$ al an! ) ovi!ential 3o l!, as 3ell as all s)i it$al +lessin-s, a e to +econsi!e e! as t%e ( $it o( t%e !eat% an! inte cession o( C% ist, an! o$-%t to +e ac4no3le!-e! as s$c%.Ro . :H;, 1 =H#2 II Co . H1:. T%e ost i )o tant o( t%ese, %o3eve , a e t%ose 3%ic% elate to, o 3%ic% constit$te, 3%at, inSc i)t$ e, is calle! o$ salvation. *y 3%ic% te is eant an@s !elive ance ( o t%e )enalty,!o inion, an! )oll$tion o( %is sins, %is int o!$ction into t%e !ivine (avo in t%is li(e, an! %is ete nal(elicity in anot%e . 'att. 1H21 L$4e 1H;=


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Ch 10 %#stification

In a t%eolo-ical sense, is eit%e le-al o evan-elical. It is i )o tant t%at t%is !istinction +eo+se ve!. Le-al >$sti(ication is >$sti(ication acco !in- to t%e st ict !e an!s o( t%e la3. oly an-els a e

>$sti(ie! in t%is 3ay, as an4in! i-%t no3 +e %a! t%ey neve sinne!. Eve y atte )t in sinne s at >$sti(ication +y la3 is vain. Ps. 1 #H# & 1H2 Ro . #H2 , 2=. Neve t%eless, t%e +elieve , 3%o %as al ea!y +een (o -iven, o >$sti(ie!, t% o$-% (ait% in C% ist, issai! to +e >$sti(ie! +y 3o 4s 3%en Go! a)) oves o( %is 3o 4s as evincin- t%e -en$ineness o( %is (ait%.0a es 2H1& 2;. T%at >$sti(ication a+o$t 3%ic% t%e Sc i)t$ es ) inci)ally t eat, an! 3%ic% eac%es t%e case o( t%esinne , is calle! evan-elical >$sti(ication o )a !on +y 3%ic% is eant t%e acce)tance o( one, +y Go!,

3%o is, an! 3%o con(esses %i sel( to +e -$ilty, an! 3%o e)ents an! +elieves in 0es$s C% ist. 'a 41H1& 1: 1;H1; Ro . 1H1; 1< &H# < :H1 Gal. 2H1; 1$sti(ication "%o a e >$sti(ie! in t%is 3ay Can sinne s +e

>$sti(ie! +y t%e la3 "%en a e t%ey sai! to +e >$sti(ie! +y (ait% "%at is sai! o( evan-elical >$sti(ication

As to t%e et%o! o( >$sti(ication, t% ee t%in-s a e to +e consi!e e!H t%e o i-inatin-, t%ee ito io$s, an! t%e inst $ ental ca$ses. T%e o i-inatin- ca$se is t%e - ace o( Go!, 3%ic% !is)ose!%i 3%en 3e 3e e e )ose! to !eat%, as t%e )enalty o( o$ o((ense, to ) ovi!e a s$+stit$te in %is Son.Ro . #H2& 2; II Co . :H1= 21 Gal. 2H1; 2 E)%. 2H& =, 1: 1; :H2 Tit. #H& $sti(ication. "%at 0es$s C% ist !i! in o+e!ience tot%e ) ece)ts o( t%e la3, an! 3%at %e s$((e e! in satis(action o( its )enalty, constit$te t%e - o$n! o( o$(o -iveness o >$sti(ication +e(o e Go!. Acts 1#H#= # Ro . #H21, 22. As to t%e inst $ ental ca$se o( o$ >$sti(ication, t%e e it o( C% ist !oes not o)e ate so as to) o!$ce )a !on as a necessa y an! $navoi!a+le e((ect, +$t t% o$-% t%e inst $ entality o( (ait%.

Ch 11 aving Faith

T%e (ait% +y 3%ic% 3e a e >$sti(ie! is ) esent (ait% (ait% act$ally e istin- an! e e cise!. 0o%n1H12 #H1=, #;. 1 :. "%at is t%e et%o! o( >$sti(ication "%at t% ee t%in-s a e to +e consi!e e! "%atis t%e o i-ination ca$se 'e ito io$s Inst $ ental "%at is t%e (ait% +y 3%ic% 3e a e >$sti(ie! "e a e not >$sti(ie! +y to o o3@s (ait% (o eseen, (o t%at 3o$l! i )ly >$sti(ication ( oete nity. Neit%e a e 3e >$sti(ie! +y yeste !ay@s (ait% eco !e! an! e e +e e!, (o t%at 3o$l! i )ly

>$sti(ication t%at is i eve si+le. E e4. 1=H2& ##H12 1# T%e acts o( t%is (ait% a e t% ee. T%ey a e !istinct, yet conc$ ent e e cises o( t%e in!. 1. T%e assent o( t%e $n!e stan!in- to t%e t $t% o( Go! in t%e Gos)el, es)ecially t%at )a t o( it

3%ic% elates to t%e !eat% o( C% ist as a sac i(ice (o sin. 2. T%e consent o( t%e 3ill an! o( t%e a((ections to t%is )lan o( salvation s$c% an a)) o+ation an!c%oice o( it as i )lies a en$nciation o( eve y ot%e e($-e. #. F o t%is assent o( t%e enli-%tene! $n!e stan!in-, an! consent o( t%e ecti(ie! 3ill, es$ltact$al t $st in t%e Savio , an! )e sonal a)) o) iation o( %is e its. T%is $st necessa ily +e ) ece!e!

+y t $e e)entance. 'a 4 1H1: L$4e 2&H&< Acts 2H#= #H1 2 H2 21.E o s es)ectin- savin- (ait%H 1. T%at it is not t%e act o( a - acio$sly ai!e! 1 ;. Is it t%e (ait% o( to o o3 O( yeste !ay "%atis t%e (i st act o( t%is (ait% Secon! T%i ! "%at e o s es)ectin- savin- (ait% )enitent, +$t t%e -i(t

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o( Go!, sove ei-nly +esto3e!, 3%en an! to 3%o %e 3ills. Re($te! in 'a 4 1;H1; II T%ess, 2H12 e+.#H1=. In I Co . 12H (ait% is not a - ace, +$t a i ac$lo$s en!o3 ent. In E)%. 2H=, t%e -i(t is not (ait%

+$t salvation +y - ace. 2. T%at t%e $n e-ene ate a e inca)a+le o( t%e act o( savin- (ait%, an! t%at it !oes not ) ece!e

e-ene ation as a con!ition, +$t (ollo3s it as a es$lt. Re($te! in 0o%n #H1=, #; Acts 1 H Ro . 1H1;#H2; E)%. 1H1#.REPENTANCE.

T%is, acco !in- to t%e o i-inal 3o ! in Sc i)t$ e, eans c%an-e o( in! an ea nest 3is%in- t%atso et%in- 3e e $n!one t%at 3e %ave !one. "%en e)entance %as es)ect only to t%e conse?$ences o(sin, as 3%en a ale(acto , 3%o still loves %is sin, e)ents, +eca$se it e )oses %i to )$nis% ent, it isso eti es calle! 3o l!ly o le-al e)entance, as !istin-$is%e! ( o -o!ly o evan-elical e)entance. IICo . oy ents. Ps. 2&H# & e+. 12H1&. &. T%e Sc i)t$ es !ecla e t%at none +$t t%e e-ene ate can )ossi+ly +e save!. 'att. 1=H # 0o%n#H#, < , Ro . =H< = , Gal. ;H1: e+. 12H1&.E o s es)ectin- e-ene ationH 1. T%at it is i!entical 3it% 3ate +a)tis +y an a)ostolically o !aine! inist y. Re($te! in Acts1#H#= # 1;H#1 Ro . :H1 1 H E)%. 2H= I 0o%n :H1 . 2. T%at it is a c%an-e o( t%e cont ollin- )$ )ose a!e +y t%e %$ an 3ill. Re($tationH Gen. :H#;H: 0o+ 1&H& Ps :1H: Isa. 1H: ; 0e . 1#H2# 0o%n #H:, =. 1


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Ch 13 "do tion

T%is is an act +y 3%ic% one ta4es anot%e into %is (a ily, o3ns %i (o %is son, an! a))oints %i%is %ei .

In a t%eolo-ical sense, it is t%at act o( Go!@s ( ee - ace +y 3%ic%, $)on o$ +ein- >$sti(ie! an!ene3e! t% o$-% (ait% in C% ist, 3e a e eceive! into t%e (a ily o( Go!, calle! %is c%il! en, an! a!e

%ei s to t%e %eavenly in%e itance. E)%. 1H# 1& I Pet. 1H2 :.

WITNESS OF THE SPIRIT.

It is t%e ) ivile-e an! i-%t o( eve y s$c% a!o)te! c%il! to %ave a ce tain 4no3le!-e o( t%is %isne3 elation to Go!, as t%e only (o$n!ation o( t $t%, )eace, co (o t, an! %o)e. Isa. 2&H # #2H1< 1= Ps.11 H1;: Ro . :H1 : =H1 P%il. &H< E)%. 1H# 1& I T%ess. 1H& : I Pet. 1H2 I 0o%n 2H2 , 2


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T%is state is va io$sly e ) esse! in t%e Sc i)t$ es, so t%at 3e nee! not +e tenacio$s o( any)a tic$la )% ase +y 3%ic% to !esi-nate it. It is calle! %oliness, sancti(ication, )$ ity, )e (ection,($llness o( Go!, an! o( C% ist, an! o( t%e oly G%ost, an! ($ll ass$ ance o( (ait%. "%at is eant +y t%ese e ) essions is, t%at )a tici)ation o( t%e Divine nat$ e 3%ic% e cl$!es allo i-inal !e) avity o in+ e! sin ( o t%e %ea t, an! (ills it 3it% )e (ect love to Go! an! an )e (ectlove, t%e $nction o( t%e oly One, an! t%e +a)tis o( t%e oly G%ost.

oliness +e-ins 3%en t%e ) inci)le o( )$ ity, 11 . Is it eve ca$se! +y t%e a-ency o( ot%e s o3is t%e !oct ine o( sancti(ication e ) esse! in t%e *i+le "%at !o t%ese e ) essions "%at is sai! o(%oliness na ely, love to Go!, is s%e! a+ oa! in t%e %ea t in t%e ne3 +i t%. *$t enti e sancti(ication ist%at act o( t%e oly G%ost 3%e e+y t%e >$sti(ie! so$l is a!e %oly. T%is instantaneo$s 3o 4 o( t%eSancti(ie is $s$ally ) ece!e! an! (ollo3e! +y a - a!$al - o3t% in - ace. T%e S)i it ce ti(ies t%is)$ i(ication. I Co . 2H12. It is t%e inco in- o( t%e a+i!in- Co (o te into t%e conscio$sness o( t%e

+elieve + in-in- %is o3n li-%t. 0o%n 1&H1; 1< "e !o not nee! a lante n to see t%e s$n ise. Its c%ie(in(e ential evi!ences a e oneness 3it% C% ist, easy victo y ove sin, e>oicin- neve o e, ) ayin-

3it%o$t ceasin-, an! in eve y t%in- -ivin- t%an4s. P o(ession 3it%o$t e a ination an! ass$ ance o( t%ese evi!ences is not eco en!e!. I T%ess.:H21 I 0o%n &H1. A(te t%is it is e?$i e!. 'att. :H1; Ro . 1 H1 II Co . 1H&. P$ ity is to +e !istin-$is%e! ( o at$ ity. "%en in+ e! sin is !est oye! t%e e can +e no

inc ease o( )$ ity, +$t t%e e ay +e an ete nal inc ease in love an! in all t%e ( $its o( t%e S)i it.Sancti(ication is not t%e sa e 3it% >$sti(ication. 0$sti(ication is a c%an-e o( o$ state ( o -$ilt to)a !on sancti(ication is a c%an-e o( nat$ e ( o sin to %oliness. It 111. "%at is sai! o( ) o(ession

"%at o( )$ ity Is sancti(ication t%e sa e 3it% >$sti(ication s$stains to e-ene ation t%e elation o( a 3%ole to a )a t. T%is !oct ine is +y no eans involve! in o+sc$ ity, t%o$-% it %as +een t%e s$+>ect o( $c%cont ove sy an! s4e)ticis in t%e C% istian C%$ c%. T%e attaina+leness o( t%is state, %o3eve , is not so $c% t%e atte o( !e+ate a on- C% istiansas t%e ti e 3%en 3e a e a$t%o i e! to see4 an! e )ect it. "%ile so e %ol! to t%e !oct ine o( )$ -ato y, t%at is, it is necessa y (o t%e so$ls o( all 3%o !onot e it ete nal )$nis% ent, in o !e to )$ i(ication, to -o into a s$))ose! )lace o state a(te !eat%ot%e s conten! t%at t%is state o( )$ ity is attaina+le an! e?$i e! in t%is ) esent li(e. L$4e 1H


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to e($te t%e !oct ine *$t a little attention to t%e o i-inal te ts, an! t%e conte ts, 3ill clea ly ) ovet%at t%ey teac% si )ly t%at all %ave sinne!, an! t%at all a e lia+le to sin. T%is is consistent 3it% t%e!esi-n o( 0es$s, 3%o ca e to save %is )eo)le ( o t%ei sins, 'att. 1H21, t%at is, ( o t%e !o inionan! )oll$tion o( sin, so t%at, %ence(o t%, t%ey s%o$l! +e ( ee ( o t%e se vice o( sin, an! +eco ese vants to Go!, an! %ave t%ei ( $it $nto %oliness. Ro . ;H1 22 =H1 2 I Pet. 2H2& I 0o%n 1H< #H::H1=.E o s o( >$!- ent, in(i ities o( +o!y, (ea s occasione! +y s$ ) ise, $n)leasant ! ea s, 3an!e in-

t%o$-%ts in ) aye , ti es 3%en t%e e is no >oy, a sense o( ine((iciency in C% istian la+o , an! st on-te )tations, a e +y no eans inconsistent 3it% )e (ect love. 5et e o s nee! t%e atone ent. e+. 11H


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a)ostasy, a e ($ t%e ) oo( o( t%is !oct ine I C% on. 2=H E e4. 1=H2& ##H12 1#,1= 'att. :H1# L$4eH;2 0o%n 1:H1 ; Ro . 11H2 22 I Co . H2< 1 H12 I Ti . 1H1 2 :H12,1: II Ti . 1H1& 1: e+. &H

11 ;H& ; 1 H2; 2 , #=, # 12H1& 1: II Pet. 1H# 1 11, 1= 22, Rev. 2H& :, #H1 11.

Ch 1) ast Things

1. DEAT . T%is is t%e e tinction o( ani al li(e, an! t%e se)a ation o( so$l an! +o!y. It is t%e e((ect o( 11ects on

3%ic% t%ei %ea ts %ave +een (i e!, L$4e 12H1 21, an! in a conscio$s loss o( t%e 12 . "%at 3ill +e

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t%e con!ition o( t%e so$ls o( t%e i-%teo$s "%at 3ill +e t%e inte e!iate state o( t%e 3ic4e! s ileso( Go! an! t%e >oys o( )a a!ise. L$4e 1#H2= 1;H2;. T%e !esi es, )assions, an! sin($l ) o)ensities all e ainin- +$t no lon-e (in!in- - ati(ication

3ill nat$ ally +eco e o e in(la e! an! to entin- +e(o e t%e in(liction o( )ositive )enalties in t%e!ay o( >$!- ent. P ov. 1&H#2 L$4e 1;H2& Rev.2 H11 12. #. 'ESSIA @S /INGDO' ITS PROGRESS AND 7LTI'ATE TRI7'P . T%e !oct ine es)ectin- t%is -lo io$s ac%ieve ent is (o$n! in t%e Divine ) o isesH

a. As !i ectly eveale! to A+ a%a , Isaac, an! 0aco+. Gen. 12H# 1#H1& 1; 1:H1 : 1=H1= 22H1


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t%e !$ty o( +elieve s "%at is eant +y t%e -ene al es$ ection "ill t%e +o!ies +e t%e sa e Is nott%is inc e!i+le *y 3%at e a )les a e its )ossi+ility an! ) o+a+ility ) ove! (o t%e latte !i((e s ( ot%e (o e only in t%e c ystalline a an-e ent o( its ato s. T%e e a e also e a )les 3%ic% in!icate a

es$ ection in insects, ve-eta+les, an! t ees, ( o yea to yea . "%ile t%ese eac% t%e )ossi+ility an!) o+a+ility o( an@s es$ ection t%e *i+le e )licitly !ecla es t%e !oct ine. 0o+ 1&H12 1: 1 H2: 2< Ps.1;H 1l Isa 2;H1 Dan. 12H2 os. 1#H1& 'att 22H2= #2 0o%n :H2= 2 Acts 1


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ceases to s$((e , 3%e eas s$((e in- i )lies contin$e! conscio$s e istenceH %ence calle! eve lastin-)$nis% ent. 'att. 2:H&; II T%ess. 1H 0$!e $stice 'att. 1 H1:, 11H22 2& 12H &1,&2 2#H1& L$4e 12H&< &= e+. 1 H2; 2 .

T%e anni%ilationists o( t%e ) esent !ay asse t t%at t%e so$l !ies 3it% t%e %oly t%at t%is !eat%constit$tes t%e )$nis% ent o( sin an! t%at t%is is t%e state o( all t%e !ea!, a state o( non +ein-. T%att%e only !i((e ence +et3een t%e i-%teo$s an! t%e 3ic4e! is, t%at t%e i-%teo$s a e consi-ne! to t%is)$nis% ent, so e o( t%e (o t%o$san!s o( yea s, $ntil C% ist s%all aise t%e to i o tality 3%ilet%e 3ic4e! a e le(t in ete nal !eat%. T%is !oct ine is cont a y to t%e Sc i)t$ es in -ene al es)ecially t%e(ollo3in- Ps. 1;H1 Dan 12H2 L$4e 1;H22 2=, 2#H, 0o%n :H2= 2 , Acts


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(i st 3 itten an! eve enceH t%e STARR5 EAVEN a+ove t%e 'ORAL LA" 3it%in.K I an$el/ant. To con(i t%is o i-inal la3 o( nat$ e, it 3as 3 itten +y t%e (in-e o( Go! in t%e (o o( tenco an! ents, an! !elive e! to 'oses on 'o$nt Sinai. E o!. 2 H1 1< 2&H12 #1H1= #2H1: 1;. T%e s$ a y o( t%is la3, as e )laine! +y C% ist an! %is A)ostles, is s$) e e love to Go! an!i )a tial love to an. 'att. 22H#; & L$4e 1 H#: #< Ro . 1#H 1 0a es 2H=.

T%is is t%e s$ o( eve y )a t,To love o$ Go! 3it% all o$ %ea tT%at 3e s%o$l! love o$ nei-%+o too,

An! 3%at 3e 3is% ( o %i , s%o$l! !o.K

@Tis s%o t an! s3eet, @tis -oo! an! )lain,Easy to lea n, an! to etainH'ay - ace !ivine o$ so$ls ene3,

An! @t 3ill %e s3eet to ) actice too.K

Ch 01 D#ties e 45e To !od

T%ese !$ties a e +ot% inte nal an! e te nal t%at is, t%e e a e t%ose 3%ic% elate to o$ in3a !) inci)les an! !is)osition, an! t%ose 1&;. "%at ?$otation ( o I an$el /ant "%e e 3as t%is la3-iven, an! %o3, to 'oses "%e e else !oes it a))ea in t%e Ol! Testa ent In t%e Ne3 "%at ($ t%eis sai! o( it *y t%e )oet 3%ic% elate to o$ o$t3a ! actions, 3%et%e )$+lic o ) ivate. 1. T%e Inte nal !$ties a e, 1. S$+ ission to Go!. I Sa . #H1= 0o+ 1H21, 22 Ps. Isa. &:H ,2# 0a es &H


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any )a tic$la 4in!s o( ) aye "%at o( ental ) aye Its c%ie( i )o tance "%at )ost$ es a eentione! II Sa .


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2 Col. #H1# I Pet 2H1 2#. Fo -iveness, L$4e ;H#< 'att. 1=H21 22 E)%. &H#2 Col. #H1#. &. It e?$i es t%e ) actice o( all -oo! !ee!s to3a ! o$ nei-%+o s, s$c% asH Goo! e a )le, Ne%.:H 'att. :H1; Col. &H: I Ti . &H12 1:1. "%at is en>oine! es)ectin- o$ te )e s, etc "%at a e 3e

e?$i e! to ) actice Tit$s 2H< =. ono , Ro . 12H1 1#H< P%il. 2H# I Pet. 2H1


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3ine. It 3as, (a o e li4ely, a sa )le li4e t%at 3%ic% t%e Go! o( nat$ e a4es in t%e vine, calle! t%e)$ e >$ice o( t%e - a)e. De$t. #2H1&. T%e !$ty o( total a+stinence ( o all into icants is (o$n!e!, not on t%e la3 o( a+sol$te o ality,

+$t on t%e e?$i e ents o( ) $!ential o ality. T%is in%i+its acts not in t%e selves sin($l, +$t +eco in- sin($l 3%en %a+it$ally ) actice! +y o$ selves, o +y ot%e s (ollo3in- o$ e a )le. Ro .1&H21 I Co . =H 1# 1 H#1 ##. T%e $se o( to+acco an! o)i$ , as a o!e o( sel( in!$l-ence, is con!e ne! +y all t%e Sc i)t$ es

3%ic% e?$i e )%ysical as 3ell as s)i it$al sancti(ication o )$ ity, an! t%at 3e 1::. o3 is t%e $se o( 3ine !e(en!e! +y so e o3 is t%is e($te! "%at o( ot%e into icants s%o$l! eat an! ! in4 to t%e-lo y o( Go!. Ro . 12H1 2 I Co . 1 H#1 II Co .


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T%e ) o%i+ition o( t%e inte a ia-e o( ve y nea 4in! e! in Lev. 1=H; 1=, - o$n!e! as it is on$nive sal an! )e anent ) inci)les, 3as not e)eale! +y C% ist. All t%at is o al in t%e Levitical la3 isstill in (o ce. L$4e 1;H1


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( o t%e C%$ c% t i$ )%ant. 'att. 1#H#; , &< : 22H1 1&. T%e !esi-n o( t%e C%$ c% is t%e) o otion o( t%e C% istian eli-ion in all t%e 3o l!, t% o$-% t%e %oly e a )le o( +elieve s an!) eac%in- o( t%e Gos)el. T%e (o$n!ation an! %ea! o( t%e C%$ c% is C% ist. 'att. 1;H1= I Co . #H11 E)%. 1H 22 2H 2 22:H2# 2&. is a)ostles 3e e (o$n!ations in a secon!a y sense, Rev. 21H1& 1;&. "%at o( t%e C%$ c%

ilitant T i$ )%ant "%at a e t%e ?$ali(ications (o t%e t $e C%$ c% on ea t% an! in %eaven O( 3%at !esi-n is t%is instit$tion on ea t% "%o is t%e (o$n!ation o( t%e C%$ c% In 3%at sense a e t%e

a)ostles an! ot%e s s$c% as a e all t%e ) o)%ets t%at is, eve y class o( C% istian teac%e s. E)%. 2H2&H11. T%ese constit$te t%e t $e C%$ c%, 3%ic% is t%e )illa an! - o$n! o( t%e t $t%, I Ti . #H1: t%at is,t%e a))ointe! eans o( $)%ol!in- an! ) o)a-atin- C% istian t $t% t% o$-%o$t t%e 3o l! 'att. 2=H12 :H1# 1; I Co . #H 1 E)%. &H11 1; Ro . 1 H1& 1< Rev. 22H1ects o( +a)tis , in(ants an! all +elievin- a!$lts 3%o %ave not +een +a)ti e! +e(o ea e consi!e e! ) o)e can!i!ates. T%at a!$lts $st +elieve in o !e to +a)tis is evi!ent ( o t%e (act t%at t%e Sc i)t$ es e?$i e(ait% in s$c%, an! t%at s$c% as !i! +elieve 3e e +a)ti e!. 'a 4. 1;H1; Acts 2H&1 =H12, #< 1;H#1 ##.

"%en t%e Sc i)t$ es s)ea4 o( (ait% as necessa y to +a)tis , o salvation, t%ey e(e solely to a!$lts, ot%ose 3%o a e ca)a+le o( +elievin-. 'a 4 1;H1;. T%at t%e e?$i e ent o( (ait% cannot e(e to in(ants is evi!ent ( o t%e (act, t%at a 3ant o( t $e

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(ait%, 3%ic% !is?$ali(ies (o +a)tis , e cl$!es also ( o salvation. 'a 4 1;H1; 0o%n #H1=, #;. T%at in(ants a e ) o)e s$+>ects o( +a)tis is evi!ent, +eca$se, a. T%e C% istian C%$ c% is acontin$ation o( t%e 0e3is% C%$ c%, an! t%e covenant e ains t%e sa e, t%o$-% t%e seal, o to4en o( it,is c%an-e!. e+. =H; 1#. 1;oine! "%at o!e see s ost ) o)e T%e o!e o( i e sion is $n(avo a+le to $nive sal ) actice, 3%ile t%e ot%e o!es can +e)e (o e! in any )lace, at any ti e o season o( t%e yea , an! to any )e sonH in t%e !ese t 3aste, o int%e city ($ll +y t%e si!e o( 0o !an, at t%e %o$se o( Co neli$s, in P%i1i))i@s ) ison, +y t%e )enitent@sc oss, o on t%e +e! o( sic4ness an! !eat%. *esi!es, +a)tis +y a(($sion o s) in4lin- ay al3ays ta4e)lace 3it% !ecency, o!esty, an! sa(ety, 3%ic% is not t $e o( i e sion, as t%o$san!s co$l! testi(y. It is sai! 'att. #H; t%at 0o%n +a)ti e! Kin 0o !an K +$t t%e G ee4 3o ! %e e en!e e! in is o(tenan! o e ) o)e ly en!e e! at an! +y, es)ecially 3%en $se! in connection 3it% a ive , as %e e. I/in-s 1


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+a)ti in-, na ely, one o( t%e +an4s o( 0o !an, o( 3%ic% t%e e 3e e seve al. 0os%$a #H1: &H1= I C% on.12H1:. T%e )% ases K3ent !o3n into,K an! Kca e $) o$t o(, t%e 3ate ,K Acts =H#=, # , a e no ) oo( o(i e sion, (o t%e e ) essions a))ly ali4e to t%e e$n$c% an! P%ili), t%e +a)ti e! an! t%e +a)ti e . Soalso in t%e case o( C% ist@s +a)tis . 'att. #H1;. 1


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It s$))oses t%at C% ist )a too4 o( %is o3n +o!y an! +loo!, an! t%at t%e i!entical %$ an +o!y o(t%e c $ci(ie! is ) esent on all sac a ental occasions. T%e !oct ine o( cons$+stantiation, o t%e act$al, s$+stantial ) esence o( t%e +o!y o( C% ist 3it%t%e + ea! an! 3ine, so t%at t%e co $nicant )a ta4es o( t%at +o!y an! is +ene(itte! +y t%e ate ialele ents, is an e o an! !el$sion, !est $ctive o( s)i it$ality. T%e !oct ine o( t%e it$alists, t%at 0es$s C% ist@s s)i it$al ) esence so )e va!es t%e + ea! an! t%e

3ine as to i )a t to t%e a savin- e((icacy an! to en!e t%e 3o t%y o( 3o s%i), is an a+o ina+le

)e ve sion o( t%e si )le sy +olis o( t%e %oly E$c%a ist !esi-ne! to +e an i ) essive e o ial o( t%e + o4en +o!y an! s%e! +loo! o( t%e a!o a+le Savio . 1


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Eve y )a tic$la C%$ c% s%o$l! collect, a an-e, an! e )lain t%ese te ts in 3 itten (o , (o t%e)$ )ose o( in(o in- its e +e s, an! also t%at t%e e ay +e $ni(o ity in a! inist ation. 1$!-e o( t%e ?$ali(ications o(

t%ose 3%o o((e t%e selves (o e +e s%i), an! s%o$l! a! it o e>ect, as t%ey ay t%in4 ) o)e .'att. 1;H1 . All )e sons, +e(o e a! ittance to t%e C%$ c%, s%o$l! +e e a ine! in es)ect to t%ei !oct inal

vie3s an! eli-io$s e )e ience. An! none s%o$l! +e a! itte! +$t s$c% as a e (o$n! evan-elical in +ot%es)ects. Neve t%eless , -en$ine +elieve s in C% ist %ol!in- e oneo$s o)inions not ani(estly

!et i ental to t%e s)i it$al li(e s%o$l! not +e !enie! e +e s%i) in t%e C%$ c%. T%e $le s%o$l! +eHKIn non essentials, li+e ty in essentials, $nity an! in all t%in-s, c%a ity.K T%e !$ty o( C%$ c% e +e s to3a ! eac% ot%e is, to 3atc% ove one anot%e (o -oo! an!,

3%en occasion e?$i es, to e) ove, e+$4e, an! a! onis%. I Ti ot%y :H2 Galatians ;H1. 1< . "%atis t%e !esi-n o( C%$ c% !isci)line "%o s%o$l! >$!-e o( ?$ali(ications (o C%$ c% e +e s%i) S%o$l!all can!i!ates +e e a ine! +e(o e t%e C%$ c% In 3%at "%at is t%e !$ty o( C%$ c% e +e s to3a !eac% ot%e

C%$ c% e +e s a e s$+>ect to !isci)line an! e co $nication (o i o alities an! %e esy in!oct ine. I Co . :H11 Tit$s #H1 . O$ Savio %as -iven a )a tic$la $le o( ) ocee!inin C%$ c%!isci)line, 3%ic% s%o$l! %e st ictly o+se ve! in all cases. 'att. 1=H1: 1

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Binney - Theological Compend (1875)