BHASMIKARAN AND STANDARDIZTION TECHNIQUE

DR. NILKANTH S. KHADTAR

M.D. (sch)

Purushoym Lokasmmit: ….. || Ch. Sh. 5/4

Elements IN Univerce = Body Elements

Lohanam Maranam Srestham Sarvesam Rasabhasmana||

CHRONOLOGYIn Vedic period: Atharvaveda :-Swarna(Dakshayani Hiranya) for

internal useIn Samhita Kala: CHARAK:-Lohadi Rasayana, Dwitiya Indrokta

Rasayana SUSRUT:-Ayaskriti A. HRIDAY:-Anjana Nirmana with incinerate Of

Sisaka, Gandhaka ,Tamra, Haratala, Vanga and Anjana IN Andhamusha

7th century to 14th century:golden age of Rasashastra

Rasarnava detailed description regarding the incineration method

DEFINATION Maran literally means killing

The process which converts the purified metals and minerals into Bhasma after subjecting them to levigation (Bhavana) with Swarasa (Juice) and Agni Samyoga (Puta) is called Marana (incineration)

Yadavji trikamji

Marana is a process of transformation by which purified and detoxified materials are transformed into absorbable, adaptable and assimable form.

Objectives :

Reduction in particle size. Elimination of certain unwanted elements. Transformation into suitable compound form. To make the material non-irritant to the G.I.

tract. To increase potency and quality of the

material. Conversion into absorbable, adaptable and

assimilable form. To make the material suitable for therapeutic

uses.

ACCOUTREMENTS FOR MARANA Yantras

Kharala Yantra - for Mardana and Bhavana Sarava Samputa - (putayantra) Andh Musa - Bhasma Yantra Kosthi

Puta: Mahaputa , gajaput etc.

Maraka Dravya: Herbal drugs, Gandhak,Ariloha.

METHADOLOGY1. Shodhana 2. Jarana 3. Bhavana 4. Chakrika Nirmana 5. Puta (Agni Samyoga)6. Swangasheeta (Self-cooling7. Kuttanam (pestling) 8. Samrakshana

Shodhana :

It is a process of purification and detoxification by which physical and chemical impurities and toxic materials are eliminated and substances are subjected for further processing.

It is the process bringing about physical and chemical changes

Eliminates : Natural impurities Physical impurities Chemical impurities

Jarana :To obtain powder form of Putiloha

Bhavana : process of wet grinding in which materials are ground with particular liquid media for a specific period facilitates in easy absorption or further processing.

Cakrika: Agglomeration process that converts fine powders or granules of bulk drugs into small free flowing spherical units ranging in size from 0.5 to 1.5 mm.

Puta: Device by which one can judge that Samyaka Paka of the drug is occurred. This Paka is achieved by Agni created with the help of Cowdung cakes.

Swangasheeta (Self-cooling): Kuttanam (pestling): Samrakshana:

Significance of Marana Process The process of Marana is having its own importance among all

other KalpanasSubstance before Marana

Substance after Marana

Heaviness Lightness Hardness SoftnessMacroform MicroformRoughness SmoothnessNot assimilable form

More assimilable form

Not potent form More potent form ,Enhance the property of substance,Stable for longer time, Lesser dose required,Rapid spreading through the body andrapid relief

CLASSICAL ANALYTICAL PARAMETERS OF BHASMA

SrNo.

Pattern of examination

Property of Bhasmato be examined

Quality of Bhasma

1 Darshana (inspection)

General features Nishchandra (metallic ustreless)

Colour As per molecule

2 Sparsha(touch)

Mardana (rubbing) Rekhapurnata (filling the furrows of inger tips) Slakshnatvam (smoothness). Anjanasannibha (as soft and smooth as collirium)

3 Rasa (taste) Taste GataRasatva (tastelessness)

4 Special test Water test Varitara (floats on water surface),Unam test.

contact with MitraPanchaka

Apunarbhavata (irreversible to original metallic state)

In contact with Rajata (silver coin)

Niruttha (cannot be retrieved

Physicochemical parameters

Physical parameters Chemical parameters

Varitara Varna

Unam test, GataRasatvam ,

Rekhapurnata Nishchandratvam

Slakshnatvam Apunarbhavata

Susukshma , Niruttha

Anjana Sannibha . Nirdhumatvam

Analytical tests

Organoleptic characters: Sound : The Bhasma should have

imperceptible sound on grinding the Bhasma between teeth.

Colour : depends Touch - Soft ~ Imperceptible coarseness in

the Bhasma Taste - The Bhasma should be tasteless Odour - The Bhasma should be odourless

Physico-chemical parameters

pH :

Ash Value (AV):

Acid Insoluble Ash (AIA) :

Particle Size Distribution

X-ray Diffraction

Inductively Coupled Plasma - Emission Spectroscopy

UV-Visible Spectrophotometry