Bhadra Project

C.A.D.A

S Y N O P S I S

Page No.

1. INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT REPORT 1 - 12

2. INTRODUCTION TO C.A.D.A 13 -24

3. BHADRA C.A.D.A. – A. PROFILE 25 -40

4. WORKING MANAGEMENT OF BHADRA C.A.D.A 41 -70

5. COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF

GOVERNMENTS 71 -91

6. ANALYSIS OF SURVEY FINDINGS 92-107

7. PROBLEMS, SUGGESTIONS, AND CONCLUSIONS. 108-120

ANNEXURE

QUESTIONNAIRE

MAPS

BIBLIOGRAPHY

C.A.D.A. – by the farmers, for the farmers, to the farmers

C.A.D.A

CHAPTER- 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT REPORT

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

METHODOLOGY

AREA OF THE STUDY

BENEFITS

LIMITATIONS


C.A.D.A

INTRODUCTION

This Project report is entitled “COMMAND AREA

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AND ITS PROGRAMMES” with

special reference to “BHADRA COMMAND AREA

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY” SHIMOGA. Is bought out to

know the over all developmental activities and functions of

“BHADRA COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY”

Malavagoppa, Shimoga.

This Project Report have certain objectives with the

partial fulfillment Bachelor of Business Management

Courses. This Project report deals with COMMAND AREA

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY AND ITS PROGRAMMES. Command

area means command irrigated area in relation to one or

more irrigation projects such area as may be notified by the

state government, comprising other lands benefited by such

irrigation project or projects “AUTHORITY” means COMMAND


C.A.D.A

AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY constituted under section 3 of

the KARNATAKA COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT ACT, 1980. This

AUTHORITY main

function is to inspiring the Agricultural activity and

stimulating to increase the Agricultural Production in

irrigated area. This Project Report shows the command area

development programme of government. This report is

identifies the various problems are encountering in

command area and also to give related suggestions for

those problems.

OBJECTIVES OF THE PROJECT REPORT

The objectives of the project report are:

To make the detailed study about over all developmental

objectives and activities of Command Area Development

Authority.

To know about the profile of the Bhadra Command Area

Development Authority.


C.A.D.A

To know about the Organization structure of the Bhadra

Command Area Development Authority.

To know about the financial resources and its necessity

for improvements of command irrigated area of Bhadra


To make a study about over all working management of

the Bhadra Command Area Development Authority.

To study regarding the Co-Operative activities to

promote active participation of farmers in the irrigation

activity and water management.

To know about the working progress of Bhadra



C.A.D.A

To know about the Command Area Development

programme of government.

To identifying the problems of Bhadra Command Area

Development Authority and it covers farmers (stake

holders) in irrigated area and to give related

suggestions.

To the partial fulfillment of Bachelor of Business

Management Courses.

METHEDOLOGY

The Data is collected for the preparation of Project report

includes

1. Primary data

2. Secondary data.

Primary data


C.A.D.A

i) The Primary data is collected

through personal interview with the C.A.D.A. Administration

and its staff of the Authority.

ii) Interviewed with number of farmers

in irrigated area, to collect field Information. In this regard

the survey was conducted; questionnaires are prepared.

Secondary data:

The Secondary data has been collected through the books,

journal, Annual reports and other related manual of Project

in the Authority.

Area of the Study:

The Bhadra Command area Development Authority,

which is located in Malavagoppa, Shimoga, and also number

of farmers, those who are members of water users Co-

Operative Societies they are located in eight taluks covering

three districts among them Shimoga, Bhadravathi,

Davanagere, Tarikere, and Malebennur. These areas are


C.A.D.A

chosen for the study.80 respondents are selected and their

information and opinion about various aspects of the

Command Area Development Authority and its functioning

are collected.

Benefits:

This project report has several benefits they are

numarised bellow:

1. The study makes us to know the C.A.D.A. and its

programmes

2. The report is helpful to know about the farmer’s wants,

requirements and agricultural activities needed over all

development in irrigated area.

3. This report is helpful to know the working management

of Bhadra C.A.D.A.

4. It increases the knowledge about developmental

agricultural activities in country.


C.A.D.A

5. This report ensures partial fulfillment of bachelor of

business management course.

Limitations:

This project report have some limitations they

numarised below:

1. Due to time constrains, limited no., of respondents

(only80) are interviewed.

2. Respondents are reluctant to give information; Hence

information provided by them may be biased.

3. Partial justices are made in this report due to lack of

time.

4. 4. The up to date information could not be obtained from

C.A.D.A. at the time of preparing project report due to

year-end busy.


C.A.D.A

CONTENTS

CHAPTER - I

INTRODUCTION TO THE PROJECT REPORT

INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVE

METHODOLOGY

AREA OF THE STUDY

BENEFITS

LIMITATIONS

CHAPTER - II

INTRODUCTION TO COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT

AUTHORITY

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES.

POTENTIALITY OF C.A.D.A.

SPHERE OF ACTIVITIES.

IMPORTANCE

LIMITATION


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER - III

BHADRA C.A.D.A. – A. PROFILE

PROFILE

HISTORY BACKDROP

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

MEETING PROCEDURE

FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND ITS NECESSITY

CHAPTER - IV

WORKING MANAGEMENT OF BHADRA C.A.D.A.

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING FIELD

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN CO-OPERATIVE FIELD

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE FIELD

PARTICIPATORY IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT

INTEGRATED LAND AND WATER RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER - V

COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF

GOVERNMENT

INTRODUCTION

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE

STATE GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE

CHAPTER - VI

ANALYSIS OF SURVEY FINDINGS

CHAPTER - VII

PROBLEMS, SUGGESTIONS AND CONCLUSIONS

ANNEXURE:

QUESTIONNAIRE

MAPS

BIBLIOGRAPHY


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER - 2

INTRODUCTION OF COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT

AUTHORITIES

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

OBJECTIVES

POTENTIALITY OF C.A.D.A

SPHERE OF ACTIVITIES

IMPORTANCE

LIMITATION


C.A.D.A

General Introduction:

The Command Area development Programme was

launched in the State at the commencement of fifth five

year Plan (1974-80) for implementation of command area

development programmes. In pursuance of the Policy of the

Government of India for integrated and development of the

Command Area of comprehensive of major & medium

irrigation project. The state government constituted the

Command Area development authority for the Tungabhadra

project at Munirabadh during (1974) Ghataprabha and

malaprabha at belagam during (1976). Cauvery basin

Projects at Mysore during (1974). And to Upper Krishna

Project during 1977. The command Area Development

Authority of Bhadra Project was constituted during 1979.

The Command Area Development Authority of irrigation

project zone, Gulbarga was constituted during 2000. The

Command Area Development Authority was given statutory


C.A.D.A

backing from December 1979, with the enactment of the

Karnataka Command Area Development Act 1980.

The area, which can be irrigated by an irrigation

projects, is called Command Area. A development of

Command area envisages developing this command area

by creating a proper water distribution and network and

management facilities, for optimum utilization of available

water. Command area development authorities have been

formed for the comprehensive and systematic development

of the area in which the benefited areas of the irrigation

projects are situated.

The major functions of the Command area

Development Authority are: Reclamation of water logged

areas. Construction of field irrigation channels (FIC),

Construction of field drains, On farm development (OFD).

Adoptions of warabandi system for distribution of water.

Adoption and enforcement of suitable cropping pattern use

of surface and ground water. Extension training and

demonstration Programmes. All-round development of areas


C.A.D.A

to agricultural implementation of participatory irrigation

management.

OBJECTIVES

Command area development scheme is implemented to

achieve

Mainly the following objectives:

1 To bringing the land records up-to-date for land survey

and mapping with Arial photograph.

2 Conservation of land and water.

3 Construction of field irrigation channels with related

structures.

4 Construction of field drains with related structures.

5 Land shaping including grading, leveling, bounding and

etc.,

6 Of field boundaries and regularization of plots under a

pipe outlet or an pipe outlet for efficient farm

management.


C.A.D.A

7 Realignment of field boundaries and regulation of plots

under a pipe outlet or an adjacent pipe outlet for

efficient farm of management.

8 Lining of field channels with suitable material to prevent

seepage of water.

9 Construction of and upgradation of farm roads with

related structures.

10 Grouping a small holding in a continuous area near the

outlet and larger ones further away

11 Other ancillary measures to avoid wastage of water and

prevent water logging, salinity, alkalinity and etc.,

12 Conjunctive use of surface and ground water for

multiple cropping and proper utilization of available

resources.

13 All-round development on the farm in the areas

pertaining to agriculture, horticulture, sericulture, farm

forestry, animal husbandry, fisheries, communication,

agro based industry and Co-operation.

14 Introduction and implementation of participatory

Irrigation management.


C.A.D.A

15 Reclamation of water logged area in the layout of CAD

projects.

With a view to set suitable policy directions in order to

facilitate CADA’s development works would go smoothly

and it also helps to ensure that administrative and technical

services are provided in time. Government has constituted

C.A.D.A board consisting of officers of various Development

Departments and non-official members such as

representative of small farmers, artisans, and farmers

association for administrative supervisions. This authority

meets once in three months and reviews the policies and

problems relating Command Area Development.

POTENTIALITY OF THE CADA:

The ultimate irrigation potential is the gross area that

can be irrigated project in a design period for a projected

cropping pattern and assured water allowance in its full

development. The grass area irrigated will be the aggregate

of the areas irrigated in the different crop seasons, the


C.A.D.A

areas under three seasonal and perennial crops being

counted only once in a year.

Irrigation potential creation:

The irrigation potential created by a project at a

given time during or after its construction is the aggregate

grass area that can be irrigated annually by the quantity of

the water made available by all the connected and

completed up to the end of the water courses or the last

point in the water delivery system up to which the

government is responsible for construction.

Irrigation potential utilization

The irrigation potential utilized is the total gross area

actually irrigated by project during the year under

consideration. Government of India has instructed that the

details of potential created and utilized are to prepared by

irrigation deportment.


C.A.D.A

SPHERE OF ACTIVITIES

C.A.D.A stands for bridging the gap between potential

created and potential utilized. So as to maximize crop

production and increase the utilization of created potential.

C.A.D.A. Undertake the following activities.

1. Formulation and implementation of schemes for the

comprehensive development of the command area.

2. Evolve equitable water distribution policy for the

Command Area to ensure proper maintenance of the

irrigation system.

3. Prevention of land erosion and water logging.

4. Improvement of soil fertility and regulation of cropping

pattern..

5. Ensuring the efficient maintenance of field channels

and field drains by the farmers with in the command

area.

6. Reclamation of water logged to be given for irrigated

waterlogged area only.


C.A.D.A

7. Localization and Delocalisation of lands for various

crops.

8. Ensuring supplies of all inputs and also ensuring

services.

9. Promotion and setting up of rural growth and centers

for integrated development of command areas.

10. Arranging for credit facilities to the farmers and

artisans.

11. Organizing agricultural co-operatives and associations.

12. Ensuring the formation of farm channels and drains

and also necessary land Development.

13. Construction of field channels and field drains.

14. Ensuring the formation of farm channels and drains

and also necessary land Development Works with in

individual holdings.

15. Borrowing and lending money necessary for the due

discharge of functions. Use of surface and ground

water.


C.A.D.A

16. Ensuring that the beneficiaries form user’s associations

and attend to equitable Water distribution each

unit.

17. Setting up agricultural demonstration farms and

promoting extension activities.

18. Adaptive demonstration and agricultural training

programme.

19. Acquisition possession for disposal of properties to

movable and immovable for the Development of the

Command Area.

IMPORTANCE

The Command Area Development authority has

several objectives, functions. and also it has some

importance. The main importance of command is

development authorities are numarised below.

1. Preparation and implementation of developmental

projects for the over all development of the command

area from the projects some backward area are

improved.


C.A.D.A

2. Reviewing and ensuring the availability of materials

are agricultural operations and necessary service at

appropriate time.

3. Arrangement for adoptive trials and effective

extension of programmes. It ensures an optimum

experiments and effective advertisement of seeds,

fertilizers etc.,

4. Improving fertility of the soil and prescribe appropriate

cropping pattern in the availability of water.

5. Taking up the measures to encourage conjunctive use

of irrigation water and to introduce incentive steps in

this regard.

6. Integrated efforts in order to develop growth centers

in command area..

7. The importance is laid to organize new agricultural co-

operative Societies in the rural parts of command area

and to develop and support the existing agricultural

co-operative societies in the area so that the farmers

get loans and other services from the societies in time.


C.A.D.A

8. The emphasis is laid on to establish and to facilitate

water users co-operation societies to make them

perform will and become viable in the command area

in order to promote a decentralized and self regulated

management system for the efficient water

distribution and land and water management.

LIMITATIONS

1. The Government grants will provide insufficient and

there is no correlation between target and grants.

2. The Command Area Development Authority has

covered only notified irrigated area. It has not covered

non-irrigated area.

3. Some irrigated areas are not properly developed

which is located in tail-end command area.

4. Sometime Administrative cost is very high.

5. Lack of proper management

6. Lack of unity in C.A.D.A.area


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER - 3

BHADRA COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY-A

PROFILE

PROFILE

BRIEF HISTORY

ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE

MEETING PROCEDURE



C.A.D.A

A-PROFILE

The Bhadra Reservoir Project was completed in the

year 1956-57 and the command area is being developed

gradually. The Bhadra command area development

authority is constituted by an Act of the Karnataka state

Legislature in the year 1979-80 for the overall development

of Bhadra Command Area. This Authority has jurisdiction

over the command areas of Bhadra command Area of

Bhadra Reservoir Project, Tunga anicut, Gondi and

devarabelakere Anicut (pickup). It is in overall charge of the

comprehensive development of command area. Viz.,

conservation of land and water, construction of field

irrigation channels and field drains, land reclamation of

water logged area, formation of farm roads, implementation

of warabandi programme etc. The Authorities ensures that

effective measures are taken by the concerned department


C.A.D.A

to protect the fertility of soil, availability of good seeds,

fertilizers, pesticides etc., in time and in sufficient quantity

and also ensures that the farmers would crop loan required,

before cropping seasons, from banks as well as co-operative

societies well in time to help their agricultural programme

and production., The Authorities has taken steps to co-

ordinates the functions of department of water resources,

Agricultural, co-operation etc., to see that the targeted

production and productivity of food crops oil seeds, pulses

and other crops in command area is maintained and

achieved.

With a view to take policy decision for overall

development of the command area and to give necessary

suggestions to the authority with a view to carry out the

development works. Government has constituted Bhadra

CADA consisting of officers of the various departments and

non-official members. Such as members of Rajya Sabha

members State Legislative Representatives of small

farmers, artisans representatives of farmers association and

so on. This authority meets out lease once in three months.


C.A.D.A

In the meeting the authority reviews the progress of

deprival works water management, food productions

problems regarding inputs of any etc.

BRIEF HISTORY

The river Bhadra takes its origin from the Varaha Hills

in Chikamagalore district. In the western gate of Karnataka

State. The river flows for 192 K.M.S. before it joins Tunga

River in Kudli 14 km. East of Shimoga. These two rivers

after there. How as the Tunga Bhadra river that is the main

tributary to river Krishna.

A Dam across river Bhadra has been constructed at a

distance of 1.60 km. From Lakkavally village of Tharikere

Taluk, Chikamagalore District. The dam was designed to

irrigate an area of 1,05,370. The dam completed 1956 and

water allowed for irrigation as and when the work on the

canal system progressed.

The numbers of areas are getting benefits from

Bhadra Reservoir Project. The Bhadra Command Area


C.A.D.A

Development Authority was established in Shimoga for the

purpose of development of the above area.

The Bhadra Command Area Development authorities

also covered 3 projects:

1. Tunga Anicut Project

The Tunga River takes its birth at “Ganga Moola” in

the western Ghats and flows through Thirthahalli and

Shimoga Taluk. The river Bhadra joins it at Kudli and after

the conference the river is called Tunga Bhadra River.

An over flow of dam has been constructed across the

river tunga distance of 12 kms. From Shimoga near the

villager Sakrebylu. This project provides for the utilization of

part of the command area. The main object of this project is

to supply water to the famine striken areas of Honnali and

Shimoga Taluk to as extent.

2. Gondi Project (Sub anicut)


C.A.D.A

In Bhadravathi Taluk an Anicut has been constructed

across the river Bhadra at Gondi village at distance of 16

kms. From the B.R.P. The total area irrigated by 4464 hect.

3. Devarabelakere Project:

A Pickup is constructor below the confluence of shanty

sagar near Devarabelakere village to irrigate 4.198 Hect,

using the seepage of Bhadra Anicut, which gets in to these

valleys. The project is estimated to cost Rs.580 lakhs and it

include the heard work comprising of an open spice way

and canals. The works on the canals are in progress.

ORGANIZATIONAL SET UP

According to Karnataka command area Development Act

1980 sec.11:

The Government Officials was appointed as Administrator

of Bhadra C.A.D.A. Superintendent Engineer of Public

Welfare department (P.W.D.) was appointed as Land

Development Officer (Engineer) on Deputation service. Joint

Director of agricultural Department who is appointed as

Land Development Officer (Agriculture) and Joint Registrar


C.A.D.A

of co-Operative department who is appointed as Land

Development Officer (Co-operation). The No., of Junior

Officers are officer of the above class one Officers regarding

their department. And also commissioner officers of

Revenue Department (i.e.K.A.S. Officers) who is appointed

as Deputy Administrator and Deputy controller of state

accounting department who is appointed as Chief

Accounting Officer.Organizational Chart of Bhadra CADA.

CHAIRMAN

ADMINISTRATOR

DEPUTY

ADMINISTRATOR

L.D.O.

(ENG)

L.D.O.

(CO-OP)

L.D.O.

(AGRI)

CHIEF

ACCOUNTING

OFFICER

Administration

Staff

Assistant

Engineer

Senior

Inspector

Assistant

Agricultur

Accounts

Superintende


C.A.D.A

Of Co-op

Section

e Officer nt

The above chart is alternatively explained below.

CHAIRMAN

A Chairman is a person who is appointed by the state

Government. He is the link between government and the

Office. He is head of the C.A.D.A. he conducts and presides

the meeting.

ADMINISTRATOR

The Administrator is a class one Officer of the Bhadra

CADA. He manages or supervises the land developing

activities regarding engineering section, co-operation

section, and also agriculture section of the Bhadra C.A.D.A.

Unless the Authority has a chairman the administrator

become as chairmen (i.e.incharge). The entire activity of

the authority is laid on him. The administrator should

possess some optimum qualities. Viz., efficiency, honesty,


C.A.D.A

integrity, heavy intelligence, tactfulness, supervising skill

etc. Generally Secretariat of Government, I.A.S. and I.F.S.

institutions appoint the administrator of the authority.

Deputy Administrator

Deputy Administrator is also one of the class one

officers of the Authorities. He maintains the work regarding

entire official work and he is also a in-charging

administrator of the authorities. He selected by K.A.S.

institutions or Assistant Commissioner Officer of revenue

department.

Land Development Officer (Engg)

An officer of the irrigation deportment not bellow the

rank of a superintending Engineer, as the land development

officer (Engineering) of the authority. He is also class one

officer of the authority. He can maintain the work regarding

the entire engineering works of the authority. The public

welfare departments are appointing him.


C.A.D.A

Land Development Officer (Co-Op)

An officer of the co-operation deportment not

bellows the rank of joint registrar of co-operative societies

(J.R.C.S.), as the land development officer (co-operation) of

the authority. He is a class one officer of the authority. He

can maintain the overall Co-operative activities of the

authority.

Land Development Officer (Agri)

An officer of the agriculture deportment not bellows

the rank of a Joint Director of Agriculture (J.D.A), as the land

development officer (Agriculture) of the authority. He one of

the class one officer of the authority. He can maintain and

manage the overall agricultural activity of the Authority.

The agricultural department appoints him.

Chief Accounting Officer (C.A.O.)

An officer of the state accounts deportment not bellow

the rank of a deputy controller of state accounts, as the


C.A.D.A

Chief Accounting Officer of the authority. He is one of the

class one officers of the authority. He can maintain the

entire accounting activities or financial activities of the

authorities.

Administrative Staff

The Administrative staffs are subordinations of the

Administrator or Deputy Administrator. Administrative staff

called Manager Personal assistants, Clerks etc.,

Assistant Engineer:

He is a subordinate of The Land development officer

Of Engineering section of the authority.

Senior Inspector of Co-Operation section

He is a Subordinator of Land development officer of

Co-operation section or Joint Registrar of Co-Operative

Societies (JRCS).

Assistant Agriculture Officer (A.A.O)

He is a subordinate of Land development officer

agriculture section or Joint Director of Agriculture (J.D.A).


C.A.D.A

Accounting Superintendent

He is a subordinate of Chief Accounting Officer

(C.A.O). He maintains clerical work regarding account

section of the authority.

MEETING PROCEDURE

The authority shall meet at least once in three months

ordinarily at the office of the Authority, or at such other

place within the Command Area as the Chairman may

decide and shall subject to the provisions of sub-sections

(2), (3) and (4) observe such rules of procedure in regard to

the transaction of business at its meeting as may be

provided by regulation.

The Chairman or in his absence any member chosen

by the members present from among themselves, shall

preside at a meeting of the Authority.


C.A.D.A

If any member, being the vice-chancellor of the

Agricultural University, or an officer of the State

Government, is unable to attend any meeting of the

Authority, he may under intimation to the Chairman,

authorize his immediate subordinate officer in writing, to do

so.

All questions at a meeting of the Authority shall be

decided by a majority of the votes of the members present

and voting and in the case of an equality of votes, the

chairman or, in his absence, the member presiding will have

a second or casting vote. Quorum for a meeting of the

Authority shall be five. The Authority may associate with

itself in such manner and for such purposes as may be

provided by regulations, any person whose assistance or

advice it may desire in performing any of its functions under

the Act. The person so associated shall have the right to

take part in the meetings of the Authority relating to the

purpose but shall not be entitled to vote.


C.A.D.A

The Bhadra Command area Development authority

could have 2 meetings.

1. Board Meeting.

2. I.C.C. Meeting.

Board Meeting

The Bhadra CADA can precede the Board Meeting

during 3 month in one time. This Meeting has proceeded by

Board Members of Bhadra CADA. Chairman and

Administrator of Bhadra CADA. In this meeting, they are

discussed about the construction of Field Irrigation

Channels, Field Drains, formation of farm roads,

Implementation of Warabandi Programmes and

Establishment of Water Users co-operative Societies, their

in between are registered and how much are M.O.U. and

how much have management subsidy and discussed about

related matters. Any matters are discussed by this meeting

they are properly filed by the office staff.

I.C.C. Meeting


C.A.D.A

Bhadra C.A.D.A. has another Meeting called I.C.C.

Meeting (i.e., Irrigation Consultative committee Meeting).

This Meeting called and proceeds by Superintendent

Engineer of Bhadra Reservoir Project and I.C.C members-

with permission and co-operation of Chairmen of Bhadra

C.A.D.A. This meeting can proceed during needed in any

time in this meeting the committee has taking decision on

the area and crop to be irrigated, date of allowing and

stopping water in channels etc., for Kharif and Summer

crops.


The Bhadra Command Area Development Authority

did not have own financial resources. It is supported by

100% Government Grants. The Authority can distribute

these grants among four sectors.

1. Administration:

The Authority can spend the grant amount on its

administrative activities. That is Establishment and other

maintenance expenses.


C.A.D.A

2. Engineering sectors

The Authority can spend the grant amount on its

developmental activities regarding engineering field. The

financial necessity of the in this field for the construction of

Field channels,, Field Drains, Farm Roads and

implementation of warabandi programme etc.

1. Co-operative sectors

This Authority can spend the grant amount on its co-

operative activities. I.e., establishment of Water Users Co-

operative Societies for the proper utilization and

management of water and collection of water rates and

financial necessity for the construction of society godown-

cum-office buildings for the marketing processing and

storage of the agricultural in puts and outputs,

implementing and sponsoring the training programme for

Human Resources Development.

2. Agricultural sectors:


C.A.D.A

The Authority can spend the grant amount, on its activities

regarding Agricultural field. Financial assistants for in this

field reclamation of lands affected by water logging,

alkalinity salinity. And also spent for Adoptive trails and

large-scale demonstration programme, soil survey and

conservation activities.


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER – 4

WORKING MANAGEMENT OF BHADRA C.A.D.A.

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN ENGINEERING SECTOR

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN CO-OPERATIVE SECTOR

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR

PARTICIPATORY IRRIGATION MANAGEMENT

INTEGRATED LAND AND WATER RESOURCES

MANAGEMENT


C.A.D.A

WORKING MANAGEMENT OF COMMAND AREA

DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY:

The working of the command Area Development

Authority is physical development the irrigated Agriculture

Area. The working management of the command Area

development authority nothing but management or

programme of overall developmental work in irrigated area

viz., Management of Developmental works regarding in

engineering Field in Co-operative field and in Agriculture

Field. The Authority can provide the service and facilities to

farmers of irrigated area or Command Area .The total

working and Management of C.A.D.A. are broadly clarified in

to 3 parts, but be fore knowing, these three parts we have

to give emphasis for the following table.


C.A.D.A

IN BHADRA CADA: IRRIGATION POTENTIAL AND CROPPING

PATTERN:

The ultimate potential of Bhadra project, Tunga Anicut

and Gondi anicut are 1,05,570 hect, 8701 hect, and 4466

hect, respectively totaling to118737 hect.

Talukwise Irrigation Potential utilized under Bhadra

Project, Tunga Anicut and Gondi anicut are as follows:

Sl No.

TalukIrrigated Area Center

TotalB.R.P. Tunga Gondi

1 Shimoga District:Shimoga Tq.Bhadravathi Tq.

442316675

5427--

--4466

985021141

2 Chikamagalore District:Tharikere Tq. 5067 -- -- 5067

3 Davanagere District:HariharaDavanagereHonnaliChannagiriHarapanahalli

2832626415 8829 12111 3724

----

3274----

----------

28326264151211112111 3724

Total 105570 8701 4466 118737


C.A.D.A

THE CROPS GROWN IN NOTIFIED AREAS ARE AS FOLLOWS:

Bhadra Project- (Areas In Hector)

Crops Kharif Summer

Sugarcane 12000 11528

Paddy 400000 7000

Garden crops 2436 2012

Semi-dry crops 51134 81964

Total 1,05,507 1,02,504

Tunga Anicut-(Areas In Hector)

Crops Kharif Summer

Sugarcane 535 -

Paddy 7782 -


Semi-dry crops -

Total 8,701 403


C.A.D.A

Gondi Anicut- (Areas In Hector)

Crops Kharif Summer

Sugarcane 7370 738

Paddy 3570 -


Semi-dry crops 39 3608

Total 4,466 4,466

THE WORKING MANAGEMENT OF BHADRA C.A.D.A. IS

CLASSIFIED AS 3 SECTORS

1. Working management in Engineering sector.

2. Working in Co-operative sector.

3. Working in Agricultural sector.

Working management in Engineering sector.

The command Area Development Authority has

undertaken the activity regarding Engineering Field as

Explained below.


C.A.D.A

i. Construction of Field Channels.

ii. Construction of Field Drains.

iii. Implementation of Warabandi

iv. Construction of Farm Roads.

.

i. Construction and improvements of Field Channel.

Field Channels have been constructed long bank,

along with project works in the Command Areas of Bhadra

Reservoir, tunga and Gandhi anicut. As they are not in good

condition and requires improvements. Moreover in part of

paddy growing area field-to-field irrigation is in practices. In

order to ensure timely and equitable distribution of water to

each field in the command area. There is required to

improvement the existing field channels and extension of

field channels are constructed. So water will reach each

individual land.

Following table shows the 5-year working progress in

construction of Field Irrigation channels.


C.A.D.A

Years

Financials (Rs.in lakhs.) Physical (in Hect)

Targets Achievemen

t

Target Achievemen

t

1998-1999 171.00 186.25 1140 2340

1999-2000 211.76 272.61 3200 36

2000-2001 169.00 213.22 2816 1716

2001-2002 252.00 276.64 4200 3428

2002-2003 165.00 132.87 2750 1544

Construction of Field Drains:

In order to drain out excess water in the fields, field

drains are construct.

Flowing table shows 5-year working progress in

construction of field drains.


C.A.D.A

Years

Financials (Rs.in lakhs.)

Physical (in Hect)

Targets Achievemen

t

Target Achievemen

t

1998-99 16.00 31.77 1263 2620

1999-2000 60.00 36.00 5100 3042

2000-01 60.00 31.05 6000 3079

2001-02 20.00 42.26 2000 6168

2002-03 36.00 38.89 3600 3049

1. Implementation of Warabandi Programme:

Water, the natural gift of God, now it is becoming

scarce day by day. Hence proper economic utilization of the

water has become absolutely necessary. Introduction of

Warabandi is the first and best method. Warabandhi

programme is originally concerned to government with

minimum interference of the farmers to ensure equitable

water distribution to the large number of cultivators in an

outlet command. The warabandi programme is introduced


C.A.D.A

not merely on equity in management of water on the farm

but also takes in to consideration the cropping the crop

water requirement and soil condition.

Government of India is now giving more emphasis in

the introduction of warabandi system in all the committed

projects. It is to be noticed that the segment upstream from

outlet and the down stream segment are to be managed

simultaneously for the proper working of warabandi

systems. Hence the entire system from main cannal to field

channel has to be incurred under warabandi of CADA for the

efficient utilization of the created potential.


implementation of warabandi programme.

YearsFinancial (Rs.in lakhs.) Physical (in Hect) Targets Achievemen

tTarget Achievemen

t1998-99 14.00 21.22 2567 3719

1999-00 10.00 7.78 2000 1846

2000-01 7.00 6.60 6000 3079


C.A.D.A

2001-02 6.00 5.45 2000 2307

2002-03 3.00 1.62 1000 507

Construction of Farm/Ayacut Roads:

There is existing demand for farm /Ayacut Roads in

command area for the transportation of Agricultural inputs

and output therefore they have decided to construct farm

Roads.


formation of farm roads

YearsFinancial (Rs.in lakhs.) Physical (in Km) Targets Achievemen

tTarget Achievemen

t1998-99 -- 108.77 -- 107.1

1999-2000 108.23 69.53 55 28

2000-01 149.00 64.13 75 55.55

2001-02 66.00 87.97 33 117

2002-03 17.00 27.46 6 40.41


C.A.D.A

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN CO-OPERATION SECTOR.

The Bhadra Command Area Development Authority

has undertaken the activities regarding co-operative

department., as explained below.

Establishing the water users co-operative societies for

proper utilization and management of water and collection

of water charges.’

In the Bhadra command area 298 units have been

identified for the purposes of establishment of water users

co-operation societies. So far 284 Water Users Co-operative

Societies are registered like-wise in order to have an

authority for water management in their jurisdiction. 59

Water Users Co-operative Societies have entered in to

Memorandum of understanding with water resources

department. Actions are being taens to establish all the

societies in the identified areas and to see that all the Water

Users Co-operative Societies are entering into M.O.U. with

W.R.D for the purpose of water management.


C.A.D.A

Financial Assistance for the construction of societies

Godowns cum office it is established with the view to

enhance the marketing processing and storage capacities

and to provide credit and other facilities to the farmers and

rural artisans and they also provide limiting 60% of

estimated cost to the primary agricultural co-operative

society for the construction of godown cum officer buildings.

They conduct and sponsor the training programmes about

co-operation, Administration and agricultural management

for the development of human resource.

Sanctioning of management subsidy and

recommending loan and subsidy from NCDC (National Co-

operative Development Corporation) to those Water Users

Co-operative Societies, which have entered into

Memorandum of understanding with water resources

department.

They have also taken measures to promote

conjunctive use of water in Tail- end command areas.


C.A.D.A

Providing subsidy to the members belonging to

sc/sts for the installation of pump set to irrigation, to be wee

at the rate of 60% of total cost (limiting subsidy amount to

Rs.30, 000/- per beneficiary). The Water Users Co-operative

Societies are involved in the implementation of this scheme.

Providing grants for the enrollment of farmers

belonging to sc/st’s as members of water user co-operative

societies for their respective jurisdictions.

Since the farmers belonging to sc/st’s in command

area are economically/socially backward, each farmers of

this category was sanctioned with Rs.100/- so as to enable

them to become members of their jurisdictional Water Users

Co-operative Societies. As such during 2002-03 Under S.C.P.

(special component plan) a sum of Rs.190600/- has been

sanctioned in respect of 1906 farmers and under T.S.P.

(traible sub plan) a sum of Rs.48700/- respect of 487

farmers and the same has been released to the concerned

Water Users Co-operative Societies there by helping and


C.A.D.A

encouraging such farmers to participate actively in the

affairs of concerned societies.

PUBLIC RELATIONS ACTIVITIES;

Public relations activities base CADA’s image among

the farmers and public through various methods. Basically

public relation activities aims of a available water for

increasing agricultural production. Principle of farmer’s

participation in the development of command areas.

Introduction and implementation of participatory irrigation

management (PIM). Needs awareness campaign to the

farmers flock and this leads to the sphere of action by

public relations wing. For the effective implementation of

awareness programmes, C.A.D.A. public relations wing

conduct, field publicity programmer like. Exhibitions. Public

relation activities of C.A.D.A. deal with issuing of press

releases. Recently audiovisual methods are being used for

the effective expression of communication to farmers and

the public.


C.A.D.A

Procedures are should be following giving

management subsidy by Bhadra CADA to Water Users Co-

operative Societies they are entered into MOU with WRD.

Under the participatory Irrigation management

programme the Water Users Co-operative Societies can

elect the contributions from its member’s Rs.225/-

protection are Rs.225/-1. Per hect from central government

through Administrative Office of CADA. The society can use

this sum’s as working capital for the maintenance.

Progress in Co-Operative Works:

Right from the beginning the Bhadra Command Area

Development Authority had successful performance in its

co-operation works. Recently in five years before the

Bhadra C.A.D.A. has achieved the progress in co-operation

work as explained below.

1.Establishment of Water usage Co-Operative Societies for the

proper utilization and management of water and collection of

water rates:


C.A.D.A

During 98-99 The W.U.C.S. have been formed in the

command areas of this authority. The relevant Acts and

Rules pending for the consideration of Government. The

authority has recommended to State Government to allow

some of these societies to take over water management in

anticipation of approval to the amendment. The urgent re-

habitation works in respect of two societies have already

been done during 1998-99. During 99-2000, till the year

1998-99 21 Water Users Co-operative Societies have been

established for proper and systematic usage of water in

command area. It is aimed to increase the yield of various

crops by distributing the water through Water Users Co-

operative Societies for the ensuring year CADA targeted to

establish 206 Water Users Co-operative Societies with the

concurrence Agricultural and Co-operation Department.

During 2000-01 the Authority has recommended about to

establish 298 Water Users Co-operative Societies at the end

of the year there are 228 Water Users Co-operative

Societies are established in this year. The Authority has

spent Rs. 97,000/- for the distribution of books 2 Training


C.A.D.A

for the Water users and uses spent Rs.4.97 lakhs for the

participatory irrigation management. During 2001-02 in the

Bhadra Command Area 298 units of Command Area have

been identified for the purpose of establishment of Water

Users Co-operative Societies in this regard 228 Water Users

Co-operative Societies are established in previous year. In

this year. The Water Users Co-operative Societies are

increase to 273. In order to have an authority for water

management in their jurisdiction. 27 Water Users Co-

operative Societies have extended into “Memorandum of

understanding” (MOU) with water resources department.

During 2002-03 at the end of the year 284 Water Users Co-

operative Societies are established. In this year 59 Water

Users Co-operative Societies are have MOU with WRD.

Actions are being taken to establish all the remining

societies in the identified areas and to see that all the Water

Users Co-operative Societies are enter into MOU with WRD

for the purpose of water management.

2. Construction of Godowns/Business Premises

etc.,


C.A.D.A

During 98-99, 8 co-operative societies have been erected

for constructing their business premises according to their

accounting to their needs. An amount of Rs.6.36 lakhs has

been released as subsidy from the CADA (60% of the

estimations of the works). During 99-2000 Rs30, 05,050/-

lakhs has been sanctioned to 48 societies for completion of

Godown construction during 2000-01. Rs.14.08 lakhs has

been sanctioned to 14 societies for the construction of

office during 2001-02 with a view to enhance the with a

view to enable the marketing, processing and storage

capacities and to ensure providing credit and non credit

facilities to the farmer and rural areas providing subsidy

(initiating to 60% of estimated cost) to the primary

agricultural co-operative societies and to other kinds of

societies to the construction of Go-down/Office buildings

were under taken in this year 5.3 Water Users Co-operative

Societies have been assisted with a subsidies amount of the

41,66,526. During 2002-03 with a view to enhance

marketing, processing and storage capacities and to ensure

providing credit and non-credit facilities to the farmers and


C.A.D.A

rural artisans, providing subsidy (limited to 60% of

estimated cost) to the primary agricultural co-operative

societies and the other kinds of societies for the

constructions of Godown come office buildings are

undertaken. In this year 38 Water Users Co-operative

Societies have been assisted with a subsidy amount of

Rs.27, 494/-.


C.A.D.A

WORKING MANAGEMENT IN AGRICULTURE SECTOR

Extension of crop production are under irrigation has

been the most important developmental activity of

command area. The environmental impact of water logging,

salinity, and alkalinity affecting the crop productivity and

land degradation. The water logging is causing salt

accumulation in the irrigation tructs making the soil

productivity law the continuous water logging has lead to

salinity affecting the soil structures and texture, the

alkalinity making the soil totally uncultivable. The excessive

irrigation, poor drainage, monoculture cultivation, use of

fertilizers and pesticides has degraded the soil quality and

water centamination.

In this back ground the Bhadra command area

development authority has undertake some functions:

1. Land reclamation.

2. Soil survey activity.


C.A.D.A

3. Soil conservation activity.

4. Large scale demonstrations

5. Adoptive trials.

6. Training programme

7. Conjunctive use of surface and ground water

1. Land Reclamation

Government of India have introduced a new scheme

for reclaiming the water logged area in the command area

of C.A.D. programmes.

Out of total area of 1,18,737 hector cultivable lands

comprising of Bhadra reservoir project, Tunga Anicut and

Gondi Anicut of Bhadra command area development

authority. An area as much as 11% is 1,28,58 hector lands

affected by water logging, salinity, alkalinity which reduces

the agricultural yield in such of the lands by 30-40%. And

hence, under the item of work "Land Reclamation" Bhadra

C.A.D.A spends some amount of grant-in-aid every year.


C.A.D.A

2. Soil Survey Activities

Detailed soil survey of command areas are conducted

and the interpretations of soil and land conditions are done

to find out behavior of soil under the altered water regimes

brought about the irrigation. Detailed soil survey is

undertake with the objective to find out areas suitable for

irrigations, crops that may be expected, water delivery

requirements, land development needs, problems in

drainage and special reclamation practices, etc.

3. Soil Conservation Activities

The soil conservation wing in Bhadra C.A.D.A. is

responsible for undertaking soil survey and conservation

activities in the layout of the C.A.D. programmes. The main

soil conservation work being carried out in the command

area is land leveling and land shaping. It not only conserve

soil but also will project the canal system which in turn

improve the irrigation efficiency.


C.A.D.A

4. Large Scale Demonstration

Large scale demonstration have been chalked out by

C.A.D.A. in all aspects of crop production and water

management like scientific fertilizers application in paddy,

coconuts, banana, vegetable, crop introduction in wet and

garden lands etc. With an objective to attract farmers to

such advanced technologies, subsidy/incentive for the

various inputs like seeds, fertilizers, plant protection

chemicals are incorporated which would meet a part of the

additional expenditure incurred.

5. Adaptive Trials

The objective of Adaptive trails is to study the

adaptability of advanced technologies developed in the

research station in the farmers field under the command

and chalk out new cropping and water resources pattern.

Trials were carried out on frequency of irrigation, fertilizer

application, changing cropping pattern etc., the trials which

were implemented and also


C.A.D.A

1) To control pests and diseases observed in mono-crop

series of paddy growing.

2) The peak demands of labour requirement in a mono

cropping system.

3) Providing nitrogen rich organic manure to soil good

forage in animals.

4) Reduction and elimination of salinity and alkalinity.

5) Efficient use of irrigational water by growing

diversified cropping system.

6. Conjunctive use of ground and surface water :

Some agricultural practices do not received the

channel waters according their requirements. At times land

of the tail ends, salinity and alkalinity affected lands and

late showing or transplants do not get the uninterrupted

supply of water. To help farmers to utilise under ground

water in conjunction with surface water, availment of loan

facilities on well and pump sets are encouraged.


C.A.D.A

PROGRESS IN AGRICULTURAL WORKS

From origin of the Bhadra Command Development

Authority had successfully satisfied its works regarding

Agriculture field. The progress of this Agricultural work as

follows.

During 98-99 the Land Reclamation works over 84

hect has cost of Rs.10.00 lakhs were programmed in

Shimoga Taluk. The proposal was sent to Central

Government. During August 1998 and approval was

received during Feb-99, immediately Rs.14.00lakhs were

released to the Joint Director of Agricultural Shimoga. The

work has executed in Dummalli. Snthekadur, and Sagane of

Shimoga Taluk spending Rs.10, 28,329/- During the year 99-

2000 Land Reclamation works over 234 hect at a cost of

Rs.37.44 lakhs were programmed in Honnali Taluk, Harihara

Taluk, Davanagere Taluk. The proposal was sent to Central

Government during the approval was receiving during

March 14.3.2000. Immediately Rs.37.44 lakhs were received

to the Assistant Director of Agricultural Honnali 14.40 lakhs


C.A.D.A

and Assistant Director of Agricultural of Davanagere

Rs.11.20 lakhs.

Total physical area is 234.00 hect and expenditure at

Rs.37.44 lakhs. Land Reclamation works proposals has the

Reclamation cost of Rs.12,000/- per hect fixed by the

Central Government in adequate.

During 2000-01 Land Reclamation work over

433.00hect at the cost of Rs.70.00 lakhs. Were programmed

in Shimoga, Bhadravathi, Davanagere, Harihara, Channagiri,

Honnali and Tharikere Taluk, In this year, the actually spent

Rs.68.50 lakhs for the Land Reclamation of 433.33hect.

During 2001-02 under this programme of Land Reclamation

on area of 194.91 hect was covered at the cost of

Rs.31.81lakhs in Shimoga and Bhadravathi Taluk of

Shimoga District and Davanagere and Harihara Taluk of

Davanagere District. An amount of Rs.11.62 lakhs has

released to District watershed development officer.


C.A.D.A

During 2002-03 Under the Programme of Land

Reclamation. An area of 332.75 hectare was covered at a

cost of Rs.66.55 lakhs. Out of this as sum of 23.99 lakhs

were spent in Shimoga, Bhadravathi Taluk and a sum of

Rs.84.85 lakhs are spent in Davanagere Taluk and

remaining amount of Rs.17.71 lakhs were spent in Tarikere

Taluk. The Reclamation works were done in the identified

areas, which were approved by Central Government.

In view of this the programme will implemented:

through district watershed development authority of the

concern. The concerned officers to the CADA Officer will

submit proposals. In turn the proposals will be submitted to

the Commissioner (CAD), Ministry of Water Resources (CAD

Division) Government of India, New Delhi for approval of the

proposals through the water resources department,

Government of Karnataka, Ban galore.

After obtaining the approval from the Central

Government the same will be communicated to the District

Watershed Department. The D.W.D.O of the concerned


C.A.D.A

District will carry out the survey work on the watershed

basis and prepare the plan marking with contour lines and

draw the main and lateral drains on the basis of contour

basis. In turn he will prepare the plan and estimate of the

project to carryout the subsurface drainage work on

watershed basis.

In the land use planning the recommendations has

been made to land reclamation works to over come the

water logging and salinity problems.

In this programme District Watershed Development

officers of the command area have been involved.

After issuing the Technical sanction the D.W.D.O will submit

the plan and estimate to obtain the Administrative

approval . After scrutinizing the plan and estimate the

Administrative approval will be given to take up the land

reclamation work and the estimated cost will be released to

the DWDO to carryout the work. Monitoring and supervision

will be made by the DWDO and make payments as such.

After completion of work he will submit the bills and


C.A.D.A

vouchers along with utilization certificate. Monitoring of the

work will also be done by the CADA.

Participatory Irrigation Management

In a number of developing countries, the management

of a part of irrigation Systems are being entrusted to

farmers' societies. Under this system, which is coming up in

many states in India, the water is supplied in bulk to these

societies who in turn will distribute them to the farmlands

and manage the supplies to the field channels. This kind of

participatory management needs to be encouraged in all

irrigation projects and extended further right up to the

headworks. Necessary legislation has been undertaken to

give legal backing to this process. In due course, this should

result in efficient use of water for irrigation and augment

the existing supplies to some extent. The farmers, apart

from the primary role of raising crops, will also have their

due say in the management of water supplies. Further, they

may also share the responsibility of maintenance and

modernization of the irrigation works.


C.A.D.A

The Bhadra C.A.D.A. could have successfully manage in

participatory irrigation management.

Integrated Land and Water Resources Management

This is needed with respect to land and water for

sustainable development. The Catchments areas of all dams

(small or big) should be protected from environmental

Degradation by carrying out measures to prevent soil

erosion and sustained growth of vegetation. District level

authorities consisting of representatives of local

Adnistration, forests, water supply, pollution control boards

and NGOs should be Setup monitor and implement the

various measures so that the water supply sources are well

protected. In India, there are institutions called Water and

Land Management Institutes (WALMIS) in each state, and

these should also be associated with the catchments area

maintenance. Enforcing the control measures should

prevent pollution of surface and ground water resources by


C.A.D.A

industrial effluents etc.. This kind of participatory

management needs to be encouraged in all irrigation

projects and extended further right up to the headwork.

Necessary legislation has been undertaken to give legal

backing to this process. In due course, this should result in

efficient use of water for irrigation and augment the existing

supplies to some extent. The farmers, apart from the

primary role of raising crops, will also have their due say in

the management of water supplies. Further, they may also

share the responsibility of maintenance and modernization

of the irrigation works. The Bhadra C.A.D.A.’s successfully is

managing this area.


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER - 5

COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF

GOVERNMENT

INTRODUCTION

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE

STATE GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE


C.A.D.A

INTRODUCTION

The Command Area Development Programme has

been in operation since 1974-75 as a Centrally Sponsored

Scheme. Much emphasis has been assigned during the IX

Plan in view of Government of India’s decision to double the

food grain production during the next ten years duration to

meet the increasing need of food for growing population.

During the IX Plan Period the emphasis remains to continue

to execute On-Farm Development works like Field Channels,

Field Drains, Land Leveling and shaping and enforcement of

Warabandi including wireless systems to improve

communications in canal network area. The main thrust

areas during the IX Plan include reclamation of waterlogged

areas in the irrigations commands, dissemination of

technical know-how among farmers and involving farmers in

irrigation water management.

The tackle the waterlogged areas in the irrigation

commands, identification of problem areas, planning and

designing of reclamation work would be the pre-requisite.


C.A.D.A

State Government may take up this activity on priority basis

to bring waterlogged areas back to its productivity after

taking preventive and remedial measures. Transfer of

technical know-how of scientific water-management from

Lab. To land through adaptive trials, demonstrations need

be taken up at the farmer’s fields, which should be

reinforced with suitable training to them. Involvement of

farmers in the upkeep of the system and management of

irrigation water is an important aspect of the Command

Area Development activity to have the worthwhile

realization of benefits from the programme.

The programme should be implemented in a manner

that it increases the irrigated area through scientific water

management and envisaged activities to increase other

agricultural productivity and production from irrigated land

and bring sustainability in agricultural production. All

aspects of the CAD programme need be taken up in an

integrated and coordinated manner so as to achieve its

objective adequately in water supply timing and equitably.


C.A.D.A

A. Central Government Assistance

I. GRANTS (on matching basis)

i.) CAD Establishment

The total cost on establishment of Command Area

Development Authorities at project level and the cost of

Command Area Development and Water Utilization

Department and Monitoring cell for monitoring of Command

Area Development Programme at State level should be kept

to the minimum. The cost of establishment should not

exceed 20% of the total expenditure from central assistance

on OFD Works, viz. construction of Field Channels, Field

Drains, implementation of Warabandi and reclamation of

waterlogged areas under the CAD programme. If 20% of the

Department implementing CAD programme, the additional

cost, if any had to be met from the State budget.


C.A.D.A

ii.) One-time functional grant for forming FARMER’S

ORGANISATIONS (W.U.C.S.)

Field channels and field drains, constructed with

grants from the State and Central Governments need be

maintained by farmers themselves for enabling supply of

water to the fullest extent to each farm and also to improve

the irrigation efficiency within the irrigation portion handed

over to the Association. Outlet commands. It is, therefore,

essential to involve farmers in equitable distribution of

irrigation water among farmers, repair and maintenance of

the distribution network and management of irrigation

water in the command areas handled over to them for

management.

To facilitate the working of these Water Users’

Associations initially the provision has been made to

provide One-time Functional Grant at the rate of Rs.500 per

ha. (Rs.225 per ha. by Center, Rs.225/- per ha. by the State

and Rs.50/- per ha. by the Farmers). The functional Grant

will be given where farmers associations are formed,


C.A.D.A

registered and actually engaged in distribution of water.

The amount would be deposited in the fixed account of

Farmers Association in the bank and interest accrued

thereon would be used for the activities of the Associations.

However, necessary proof of fixed deposit of the grants

given to the Association, which includes all the tri-parties

contributions, will have to be given for the amount granted.

iii.) Formulation and enforcement of

Warabandi:-

The Command Area Development Authority does

enforcement of Warabandi below the outlets. Integrated

water management includes supply from the head regulator

of main canal up to the farm gates should be considered as

a single unit. Effective co-ordination with the irrigation staff

is necessary in working out operation plan for the main

system which would be in conformity with the warabandi

schedules prepared below the systems should be attempted

in advance, considering the recommended sowing times of

various crops for kharif and rabbi seasons. Co-ordination

with the agriculture Deportment. (extension as well as zonal


C.A.D.A

research centers of ICAR or any other reputed Institute) who

would advice the most suitable dates of sowing of crops as

well as crop sequences is also necessary for effective

implementation of warabandi. Working out scheduled water

distribution for opening of the canal, restoring of the branch

or distributaries for providing equitable water supply in

various sub-commands and informing the farmers in

advance, need be done.

Installation or reliable and fast communication

network is also an essential aspect for collecting information

is respect of precipitation in the command, stages of growth

of crop, dry spells in different sub-commands, etc. based on

this information, the deliveries can be planned, altered or

modified so that water can be delivered when needed and

can be diverted to other areas having dry spells. Such

reliable communication system would facilitate monitoring

operations through a Central control station and would be

effective in introducing mid-term corrections in the

deliveries.


C.A.D.A

The expenditure on the implementation of warabandi

include:-

(a) Construction of Adjustable Proportionate Modules at

outlet head and measuring devices in field channel like

parshall flumes, notches (rectangular or trapezoidal) or

weirs depending upon situation and minor repairs of field

channel till formation of farmers’ association.

(b) Providing gates for the outlets in case of updated or

pipe outlets so as to control/stop deliveries in the field

channels.

(c) Display boards at outlet head showing the name of

outlet, discharge, C.C.A., name of farmer, area of his field,

his turn indicating day and time for taking water, duration of

time. The name of farmers Association, if any, functions,

responsibilities and duties of the farmers should also appear

on the board.


C.A.D.A

(d) Auto-transmitters coupled with gauge recorders for

speedy and reliable transmission of gauges to the control

stations.

(e) Expenditure on Warabandi should be incurred in areas

where constructions of field channel/drain were completed.

The establishment eligible for Central assistance under

this programme should be the bare minimum.

iv.) Crop compensation to Farmers for on-farm

development works.

A major factor responsible for the slow progress of on-

farm development works, particularly land leveling and

shaping, has been the short working season available to the

land development agencies, especially in the areas where

the major crop is Rabbi. The normal working season begins

after the harvesting of the rabbi crops and continue till the

onset of the monsoon. Thus working season is less than 90

days in a year, though the establishment and machinery

have to be maintained for the entire year. Apart from the

slow progress, the short season also contributes to higher


C.A.D.A

unit cost to the farmer, as the operational over-heads have

to be spread over the smaller quantum of work done.

In such area, it is essential to increase the working

season by undertaking land development works in the rabbi

season also, for which farmers have to be given

compensation as they would have to forego the rabbi crop.

The loss is to be shared equally between the farmers, the

State Government and the Central Government. While all

the farmers in the area of operation in the command would

bear one-third on the loss to be distributed among those

farmers who are actually deprived of the rabbi crop, the

remaining two thirds would be shared equally between the

State Government and Central. In other words, the Central

Government would meet one third of the estimated loss to

the farmers.

The estimates of the net loss would vary from project

to project depending on the crops sown, the cost of inputs

and the prices the produce would fetch in the market.

Minimum support price decided by the Agricultural Prices


C.A.D.A

Commission for the season may be considered or sample

studies would have to be made for the purpose for the

principal rabbi crops in the areas, which are proposed to be

taken up for land leveling and shaping during the rabbi crop

season.

v.) Construction of field channels:

Construction of field channels is an important activity

under the programme for efficient utilization of irrigation

water. Properly planned aligned and designed field channel

should be constructed from the Government outlet in a

manner that each and every field of the outlet command is

connected by field channel. The Central assistance to the

extent of 50% cost on matching basis for construction of

field channels with related structures like cistern, measuring

devices, drop structure, division box, checks, turnouts,

flumes, culverts inverted siphons, Community Development

works, etc., and lining of 20% length of total length of field

channels at vulnerable reaches would be available as grant

in the CAD projects, from outlet to the field. The field


C.A.D.A

channel may be lined or unlined but according to the

financing pattern only 20% of the total length of field

channel could be lined at vulnerable reaches except at

those places where more percentage of lining is approved

by the Ministry of Water Resources. However, if the seepage

losses in the water course are very high due to the type of

soil, climatic conditions, scarcity of water and low intensity

of irrigation, more percentage of length could be lined after

approval of CAD activity are specified in the circular

enclosed with the release proposal.

vi.) Field Drains:

The Central Assistance (Central share for the

construction of field drains will be regulated by the cost

norm of Rs.1, 000/- per ha.

vii.) Reclamation of Waterlogged areas:

The problem of waterlogged in the commands of

irrigation projects has affected the health of the soil and

reduced the agricultural productivity considerably. It has


C.A.D.A

been decided to provide central assistance to States as

grant on matching basis for reclamation of water logged

areas in the irrigated command of the projects covered

under CAD Programme. The items of work under this

scheme area: -

Assessment of problem areas in the commands of

irrigation projects.

Planning and Designing for preventive and reclamation

measures.

Taking up the preventive and remedial activities like

land management, drainage (surface, sub-surface,

vertical, etc.)

Monitoring and Evaluations.

The Central Assistance will be available at the rate of

half of the actual expenditure or Rs.6, 000/- per ha

whichever is less and the balance amount will be borne by

the State Government. However, prior approval of the

Central Government may be taken before undertaking the

work.


C.A.D.A

viii.) Adaptive Trial, Demonstration and Training: -

Appropriate water management practices at the field

level, usually called on-farm water management, which

include preparation of fields to receive irrigation water,

improved methods of irrigation such as borders check

basins, furrows, determining the optimal lengths of fields,

suitable stream size etc., would also be required to be

experimented and demonstrations arranged for the benefit

of the farmers. Working out appropriate frequencies and

water doses for different crops, evolving water allowances

in the command after considering the total water available,

field application losses as well as the conveyance loses so

as to have equity in distribution of water in various sub-

commands as well as among the farmers can also be

experimented under these trials. Training farmers in respect

of irrigated agriculture, switching over from rain fed crops

with low risk, low inputs to high inputs high risk irrigated

crops so as to increase yields as well as profits is required

to be included in these trials. This change over has to be


C.A.D.A

gradual after considering the financial capability of the

farmers, which can be done by adjusting the most suitable

combination of fertilizer ingredients (N.P.K) after testing the

soils. For this purpose comprehensive adaptive trials should

be taken up in the respective command areas according to

the guidelines already issued earlier which clearly states

that prior approval from Centre may be taken by the State

respect of Adaptive Trials before its undertaking and

incurring Government in of expenditure.

ix.) Training

The irrigation management staff and field level

workers from the command area development agency

would need training in improving the deliveries from the

main system, on – farm water management, warabandi,

irrigation application at the level of field and participatory

irrigation management. The farmers would also need

training in distribution of water below the outlet or minor

and maintenance of field channels/field drains. The states

and command area development agencies have already

been requested to organize this training.


C.A.D.A

The Superintending Engineer, Executive Engineers and

Deputy Engineers can be trained at the respective WALMI’s

in the states but the field level staff and the farmers need to

be trained at the project level.

Project level training centers may therefore be setup,

for imparting training in respect of the activities or works

entrusted to the various categories of staff so as to improve

their capabilities and also to have effective quality control.

The farmers particularly the outlet leaders of the committee

members of the minor may be trained in irrigated crops,

crop rotations, proper sowing times, crop water-soil

relationship, warabandi, participatory irrigation

management and maintenance of field channels/drains.

This can be done by organising 3-5 days workshops, training

programme etc.

The expenditure on training would be shared by

Government of India and State Government on 50:50 basis.

The reimbursement would be made as grant.


C.A.D.A

A number of training programmes are also organised

by this ministry through All India institutes, such as

Administrative Staff College of India, IIMs, WRDTC

(Roorkee), WALMIs and WAPCOs, etc,. So as to acquaint the

senior level officers in policy planning, in-depth evaluation,

organising farmers with a view to their participation in water

management and operational improvements. The

expenditure on such training programmes would be borne

100% by Government of India.

x.) Subsidies

Subsidy for land leveling/shaping, sprinkler and drip

irrigation and for ground water development is admissible

to small and marginal farmers on matching basis on IRDP

pattern, provided loan is raised by farmers from financial

institutions. The rates of subsidy under the pattern are as

follows.

CATEGORY LAND HOLDING SUBSIDY

Small farmers (1.01 to 2.00 25% of the total


C.A.D.A

ha.) cost on matching basis

Marginal farmers (upto 1.00 ha.)

331/3 of the total cost on matching basis.

For small and marginal farmers belonging to the

Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribes the rate of subsidy is

50% of the total cost. Subsidy will be released to State

Governments provided documentary proof is submitted for

previous financial year that the amount of subsidy was

deposited in the Loan account of the farmer.

xi.) Evaluation

In order to assess the impact of command area

development programme and also to have in depth studies

so as to improve the working and efficiency organising

systematic evaluation studies of on-going command area

development projects is necessary. This work can be

entrusted to independent agencies (not private consultancy

firms) like State Planning or Evaluation Directorates,

Institutes already existing in the State Government.


C.A.D.A

1. Half of the total cost on evaluation studies sponsored by

the State Governments would be borne by Government

of India.

2. Cent percent of the total cost of evaluation studies

sponsored by CAD wing of Ministry of water resources

will be borne by Government of India.

II. LOAN

Purchase of Machinery and equipment for

land/ground water development

State owned corporations entrusted with the work of

on-farm development, ground water development etc.

within the command areas and relevant to the strategy of

development for the command area may need to purchase

earth moving and other equipment for the purpose. Loan to

the extent of half the cost of the equipment proposed to be

purchased would be advanced to the state Government to

be passed on to the corporation on whatever terms and

conditions the State Government may decide. The State


C.A.D.A

Government would have to match this with an equal

amount and pass it on to the corporation. The recovery of

the loan sanctioned by the central Government would be

governed by normal procedure of financial rules.

Machinery/equipment, purchase through loan assistance

should form the part of inventory of the department.

B. STATE GOVERNMENT ASSISTANCE

The state government schemes of the command area

development programme as explained bellow:

1.Construction of Water Users Co-operative Societies

Godowns:

The state Financial Assistance for the construction of

societies Godowns cum office it is established with the view

to enhance the marketing processing and storage capacities

and to provide credit and other facilities to the farmers and

rural artisans and they also provide limiting 60% of


C.A.D.A

estimated cost to the primary agricultural co-operative

society for the construction of godowns cum office

buildings.

2.Formation of farm /Ayacut roads:

There is existing demand for farm /Ayacut Roads in

command area for the transportation of Agricultural inputs

and output therefore they have decided to form the farm

Roads. The sate government provides financial assistance

for completion of these schemes.

3. Programme under special component plan:

On the grant –in aid advanced the authority, take up

several programme for the economic upliftment scheduled

caste farmers considering the basic needs of the farming

families.

To improve the socio-economic status of the scheduled

caste farmers coming under the area of the authority these

plan includes the following programmes

Free distribution of agricultural implements kits.

Free distribution of agricultural sprayers programme.


C.A.D.A

Free distribution of sericulture equipment's.

Free distribution of fishing equipment's.

Free provision of Horticulture programmes.

4. Traible sub plan:

On the grant –in aid advanced the authority, take up

several programme for the economic upliftment tribal area

farmers considering the basic needs of the farming families.

To improve the socio-economic status of the tribal area

farmers coming under the area of the authority.

The state government has provided ensures financial

assistance for the above programmes in irrigation area

through command area development authority.


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER – 6

ANALYSIS OF SURVEY FINDINGS


C.A.D.A

FINDING OF THE SURVEY

The conduction of field survey is required in order to

know the opinions of respondents towards various aspects

of C.A.D.A. and it s programmes the survey has been

conducted and collected the opinion as regard to different

aspects, from the senior and junior officers of the authority.

The survey has been conducted in Shimoga, Bhadravathi

Davanagere Tharikere, Honnali Talks and its covered

villages.

The responses have been collected from 80

respondents. who are the farmers of irrigated area and staff

members of the authority. The responses collected from

those respondents who are working the own field. Most of

the respondents are satisfied with the work.

The survey is conducted and got the different opinions

from the respondents, which has been analyzed this

chapter.


C.A.D.A

Analysis of the survey

1.Table showing classification of respondents on the basis

of their age group

Age No of respondents Percentage

20-30 10 12.5%

30-40 29 36%

40-50 26 32.5%

Above 50 15 19%

Total 80 100%

The above table indicates the age group of the

respondents. Among 80 respondents, only12.5% of

respondents are belong to age group of 20-30 years. 36% of

respondents are belongs to 30-40 years, 32.5% of


C.A.D.A

respondents are belongs to 40-50 years, followed by 19% of

the respondents are belongs to above 50 years of age.

GRAPH SHOWING CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS ON THE

BASIS OF THEIR AGE GROUP


C.A.D.A

2.Table showing Classification of respondents on the basis

of their annual income

Annual income Number of

respondents

Percentage

Upto-50000 10 12%

50000-100000 20 25%

100000-200000 35 44%

Above 200000 15 19%

Total 80 100%

The above indicates the classification of respondents

on the basis of their annual income. Among 80 respondents

only 12% of them are having less than 500000 per an am,

25% 0f respondents earn between 50000-100000 p.a.

followed by 44% of them having income between 100000-

200000 and about 19% of respondents are earn more than

200000 p.a. and this table is clearly shown in this diagram.


C.A.D.A

GRAPH SHOWING CLASSIFICATION OF RESPONDENTS ON

THE BASIS OF THEIR ANNUAL INCOME


C.A.D.A

3.Table showing Classification of respondents on the basis of their

occupational status

Occupation Number of respondents

Percentage

Staff member of the authority

15 19%

Farmers of irrigated area

65 81%

Total 80 100%

The above table indicates the classification of respondents

on the basis of their occupational status. Among 80

respondents 20% 0f the respondents belongs to employees

or staff members of Bhadra command area development

authority and 80% of the respondents belongs to farmers of

command irrigated area .


C.A.D.A

4.The table showing classification of staff members of

Bhadra C.A.D.A on the basis of their satisfactory area

Opinion Number of

respondents

Percentage

Satisfied 12 80%

Not-satisfied 3 20%

Total 15 100%

The above table indicates classification of staff members of

Bhadra C.A.D.A on the basis of their opinion, Among 15

respondents, 80% of the respondents were satisfied with

the work and rest of 20% have negative opinion i.e., they

were un satisfied with their work.


C.A.D.A

5. The table showing classification of respondents on the

basis of opinion of farmers of irrigated area who are

attached to the authority

Opinion Number of respondents Percentage

Satisfied 48 74%

Not-satisfied 17 26%

Total 65 100%

The above table indicates out of 65 respondents, 74%

of the farmers are of the opinion that they were satisfied

with the work assistance provided by C.A.D.A. and rest of

the 26% of respondents were not satisfied with the

assistance of C.A.D.A.


C.A.D.A

6. Table showing classification respondents on the basis of

their opinion about working management of Bhadra

command area development authority and its staff

members.

Opinion Number of

respondents

Percentage

Satisfied 52 74%


Total 65 100%

The above table indicates classification respondents

on the basis of their opinion about working management of

Bhadra command area development authority and its staff

members. Among 65 respondents there are 80% of

respondents are satisfied with working management of

Bhadra command area development authority and also

about staff members assistance 20% of respondents are

unsatisfied.


C.A.D.A

Graph showing classification respondents on the basis of

their opinion about working management of Bhadra


members


C.A.D.A


their opinion about government released through Bhadra


members.

Opinion Number of

respondents

Percentage

Satisfied 57 71%


Total 80 100%

The above table indicates classification respondents on the

basis of their opinion about government grants of Bhadra

command area development authority. Among 80

respondents, 71% of respondents are satisfied with

government grants of Bhadra command area development

authority and only 29% of respondents are unsatisfied.


C.A.D.A

Graph showing classification respondents on the basis of

their opinion about government released through Bhadra


members.


C.A.D.A


their opinion about participatory irrigation management.

Opinion Number of

respondents

Percentages

Excellent 55 68%

Satisfied 15 19%


Total 80 100%


on the basis of their opinion about participatory irrigation

management. Among 80 respondents, 69% of respondents

thought it was excellent, 19% of respondents are felt

satisfactory and 12% of respondents were unsatisfied.


C.A.D.A


their opinion about command area development

programme of government.

Opinion Number of respondents Percentages

Excellent 45 56%

Satisfied 20 25%


Total 80 100%


on the basis of their opinion about command area

development programme of government. Among 80

respondents, 56% of respondents thought it was excellent,

25% of respondents are felt satisfactory and 19% of

respondents were unsatisfied.


C.A.D.A

GRAPH SHOWING CLASSIFICATION RESPONDENTS ON THE

BASIS OF THEIR OPINION ABOUT COMMAND AREA

DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME OF GOVERNMENT.


C.A.D.A

CHAPTER – 7

PROBLEMS, SUGGESTION AND CONCLUSION


C.A.D.A

PROBLEMS

The problems are classified into three groups

A. Problems of the authority

B. Problems of the farmers

C. Problems in command area

A. The Bhadra command area development authority

faces certain problems and those problems are

explained bellow.

a) Financial stringency.

The authority did not have its own resources; it is

supported by 100% government grants. Before it taking any

programmes it will be wait for government.

b) Un satisfied staff members.

i). Recently, the authority can installing the E.D.P.

(Electronic Device Processing) forms of the filing system it is


C.A.D.A

typical to some former clerks, who did not have knowledge

in computer technology.

ii). Some senior officer can prejudice to the staff

members. It creates unpleasantness to the staff

members.

iii). Due to negligence and carelessness of the

employees it is not becoming possible to keep them busy,

and it shows inefficiency of the authority.

B. Problems of the farmers

1. The irrigation system had been started from 50 years

ago, hence, in irrigation network, the structures (i.e., the

structure of cannels ) are destroyed, and there by the

water distribution is not proper.

2. Due to accumulation of silt, water is not flowing in

cannel; so tail-end farmers are not receiving water.

3. Un authorized farmers (non-members of water users co-

operative societies) are using waters illegally from the


C.A.D.A

cannels which resulting in denial of water to the

legitimate farmers. Law free agencies are failed to

prevent unauthorized utilization of water.

4. Some farmers (stake holders) who are located in tail –

end area. They are not properly receive the services and

facilities by C.A.D.A

5. Government grants or funds will fall for the purpose.

6. Due to negligence of the farmers, the water is

misutilysation and waste full.

7. Some farmers are uneducated, who did not have

knowledge in water management.

C. Problems encountering in CADA Area:-

Due to excessive Irrigation in the command areas and

cultivation of high water demanding crops. Such as

paddy, and sugarcane has lead to water logging, salinity

and alkalinity.

The salinity has become very acute in the command

areas.


C.A.D.A

The crop productivity has not increased correspondingly

due to low water use efficiency.

Lack of proper crop planning, land degradation salinity

and alkalinity problems occurred.

Besides low productivity and inefficient use of water the

environmental degradation such as water confirmation

due to pesticides use, water logging, loss of bio-

diversity, have been cause of concern.

Water management in affluent/adequate/scarce water

condition, not followed properly.

Water distribution beyond outlet i.e., method of

distribution and their efficiency is inadequate.

On farm management including agricultural drainage

works-methods to match water releases with water

requirement of crops not followed.

Water planning and management for optimum and

efficient water use is inadequate.

Traditional agronomical, irrigation and water

management practices.

Lack of interest of Farmer’s in water management.


C.A.D.A

Education and Training of farmers in water management,

soil moisture, water conservation is not intensively done.

Loss of plant nutrients due to excessive irrigation and

leading problem arised.

Lack of proper field drains to let out the water freely and

field drains are not maintained properly.

To over come the alkalinity soil amendment such as

Gypsum is not properly used.

Use of Farmyard manure and growing of green manure

crops such as sun hemp, diancha etc is inadequate.

Suggestions

A. To the authority:

a). The authority should have right to collection of

Waterates. For the prevention of financial stringency.

b). The authority should be take Agricultural marketing

process and also storing system should be possessed.

c). They have to give well training to the staff members

about computer technology.


C.A.D.A

d). They have to give proper division of work and ensure

proper human relation

B. To the farmers

1. They have to give over force to the higher authority for

the proper improvements of irrigation structures

2. Properly identifying the silt accumulated area in cannel

and completely clearing the silts for distribution of

water, the farmers should over force to the authority to

take above action.

3. Properly identifying the unauthorized farmers and to

give punishment and penalties for them.

4. The tail-end areas farmers should form the separate

association for authority emphasis properly laid.

5. The funds granted by Government should be sufficiently

and should be in an unambiguous.

6. Installation of computerized water measuring device in

each irrigation field for the prevention of wastefulness of

the water.


C.A.D.A

7. The farmers are participation in “VAYASKARA SHIKSHNA

SCHEME” of Government and also participation in Water

Management training.

C. To the CADA area

Water resources has to be accelerated to meet the

growing demands for food production. Massive

programmes for development are being formulated to

achieve the full development of irrigation potential. The

timely implementation of the massive programmes is

required.

Future development which requires more advanced

experts in each discipline of water resources development

technology. Various important recommendations in this

regard should relevant to the situations. The solution needs

a human approach besides technical support.

Due to excessive irrigation the sodium salts will come up

and deposit on the field which causes to water logging &

salinity, which controls the availability of nutrients to


C.A.D.A

plants. Continuous use of water without changing the

cropping pattern is leads to the water logging alkalinity.

To avoid this the cropping systems should be followed.

Salinity can be overcome through lining of open canals,

water distribution management and sub surface

drainage systems.

Suitable cropping system should be adopted , so as to

increase the productivity and land management

practices.

Right cropping system for optimal use of water & other

resources. Correct method of irrigation, to achieve

higher water use efficiency under the present situation,

good land development practices should be followed.

Environmental degradation is due to increase of pests &

diseases since showing of same crops continuously. To

control the pests & diseases using of heavy amount of

plant protection chemicals which leads to water

contamination and killing naturals predators and useful

insects, which causes loss of bio agents.


C.A.D.A

Proper scheduling of irrigation to sent the optimal

requirements of the crop in a given climate.

Equitable water distribution through twin system (wara

bandi) of irrigation.

The crops should have a low water requirement and

should be able to complete their life cycle successfully

and managerial ability skills, machinery & input

availability to raise crop.

Traditional agronomical practices should be avoided.

Irrigation techniques should be followed and sound crop

production practices for yield maximization.

The agency such as water users co-operatives may be

allowed to have appropriate collaboration with farmers

participation.

A general awareness regarding the nature of working

and the limitations is to be created among the people

with a view to seek a better involvement and to ensure

the mass participation in tackling the problems. The

training to the farmers is to be conducted frequently

protecting the water ways leading to the field of their


C.A.D.A

month point either by vegitative or by stone pitching

soils.

The out let points should be made operative and leak

proof.

The field canals should be re-designed and re-laid out

wherever necessary, lining of field canals should be taken

up on priority. Water can be structures need to be

provided all along the canal.

Drainage net work needs to be rejuvenated. Land

development and land shaping for efficient irrigation and

compulsorily maintained in one direction for easy irrigation

and drainage of crops except in case of paddy.

Formation of water users co-operative societies. Fix

up the responsibilities of maintaining common properties to

various office bearers and the members of the society.


C.A.D.A

Regular training to all the concerned manpower on

irrigation water management, drainage, soil problems, soil

management, crop management, cropping systems and use

of more farm yard manure and growing green crops such as

sunlamp, diancha so that soil texture, structure &

productivity increase.

CONCLUSION

From this project report we can analyse the various

aspects of command area development authority and its

programmes. Again in this project report we can identify the

various problems, which are laid on command area

development authority and along with its covered area and

also given related suggestions. This report also states the

agricultural development in the country.

Another important point that one can find out from

this report is, that government is providing maximum

financial aid and other facilities to irrigation & agriculture


C.A.D.A

sector, the farmers can get these facilities. They will also

get compensation from government for their damages due

to scarcity and draught.

After considering the above para one can say that

even though the agriculture sector in the country is on

thrive, though the government is facing economic loss.

Even though the government has provided various

schemes, programmes to farmers, they are misutilisiing the

service provided by them with out paying the tax, loans,

etc. Therefore the government and C.A.D.A. have to give

more emphasis for all these areas.


C.A.D.A

ANNEXURES

QUESTIONNAIRES

MAPS

BIBLIOGRAPHY


C.A.D.A


C.A.D.A

BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANNUAL ADMINISTRATIVE REPORT OF BHADRA

COMMAND AREA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY.

PERFORMANCE REPORT OF WATER RESOURCES

DEPARTMENT.

CENTRAL GOVERNMENT GUIDELINES OF THE BHADRA

C.A.D.A.


Documents

Bhadra Project