Bell Quiz: Bell Quiz: Use PagesUse Pages 542-549542-549

1. 1. How many people were killed duringHow many people were killed during

the Holocaust? the Holocaust?

2.What famous Jewish physicist2.What famous Jewish physicist

refugee fled to the U.S.?refugee fled to the U.S.?

3. What is genocide?3. What is genocide?

4. What were ghettos? 4. What were ghettos?

5. In 1935 what did Jews have to start5. In 1935 what did Jews have to start

wearing attached to their clothing? wearing attached to their clothing?

AnswersAnswers1. 1. 8-11 million people8-11 million people2. Albert Einstein2. Albert Einstein3. The deliberate and systematic3. The deliberate and systematic killing of an entire population.killing of an entire population.4. Segregated Jewish areas in 4. Segregated Jewish areas in

certain Polish cities.certain Polish cities.5. Yellow star of David on the 5. Yellow star of David on the

outside of their clothing. outside of their clothing.

ObjectivesObjectives

Explain the reasons behind the Explain the reasons behind the Nazis’ persecution of the Jews.Nazis’ persecution of the Jews.

Describe the Nazis’ “final Describe the Nazis’ “final Solution” to the Jewish problem Solution” to the Jewish problem and the horrors of the Holocaust.and the horrors of the Holocaust.

Identify and describe the Identify and describe the profound and lasting effects of profound and lasting effects of the Holocaust on survivors.the Holocaust on survivors.

HolocaustHolocaust Holocaust: the Holocaust: the

systematic murder of systematic murder of 8-11 million (6.5 8-11 million (6.5 million Jews) people million Jews) people across Europe.across Europe.

April 7, 1933 Hitler April 7, 1933 Hitler ordered all “non-ordered all “non-Aryans” to be removed Aryans” to be removed from government jobs.from government jobs.

This order was one of This order was one of the first moves in a the first moves in a campaign for racial campaign for racial purity.purity.

JewsJews Jews were the main target of the HolocaustJews were the main target of the Holocaust.. A long history of hatred towards the Jewish A long history of hatred towards the Jewish

people (Anti-Semitism) had existed in many people (Anti-Semitism) had existed in many European countries.European countries.

Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s economic Hitler blamed the Jews for Germany’s economic problems and defeat in WWI.problems and defeat in WWI.

Hitler found that a majority of Germans Hitler found that a majority of Germans supported this belief.supported this belief.

In 1935, The Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews of In 1935, The Nuremberg Laws stripped Jews of their German citizenship, jobs and property. their German citizenship, jobs and property.

Jews 10 years old and older were required to Jews 10 years old and older were required to wear a Star of David on the clothing so Nazis wear a Star of David on the clothing so Nazis could more easily identify them. could more easily identify them.

Kristallnacht : Kristallnacht : (Night of Broken Glass)(Night of Broken Glass)

November 9-10, 1938 Nazi November 9-10, 1938 Nazi storm troopers attacked storm troopers attacked Jewish homes, businesses, Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues across and synagogues across GermanyGermany. .

Around 100 Jews were Around 100 Jews were killedkilled

Hundreds more were Hundreds more were injured. injured.

30,000 Jews were arrested 30,000 Jews were arrested Hundreds of synagogues Hundreds of synagogues

were burned.were burned. Nazis blamed the Jews for Nazis blamed the Jews for

the destruction the destruction

Jewish RefugeesJewish Refugees Jews fleeing Germany had trouble finding Jews fleeing Germany had trouble finding

nations that would accept them.nations that would accept them. France took in 40,000 Jewish refugees France took in 40,000 Jewish refugees

before refusing to admit anymore.before refusing to admit anymore. Britain refused to admit anymore than Britain refused to admit anymore than

80,000 Jewish refugees. 80,000 Jewish refugees. British controlled Palestine (later Israel) British controlled Palestine (later Israel)

allowed 30,000 refugees to settle there.allowed 30,000 refugees to settle there. 100,000 Jewish refugees came to the United 100,000 Jewish refugees came to the United

States.States.• Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein• Thomas MannThomas Mann

Forced Relocation of JewsForced Relocation of Jews

Ghettos: dismal overcrowded segregated Jewish Ghettos: dismal overcrowded segregated Jewish areas in certain Polish cities. areas in certain Polish cities.

Jews not killed by the SS were shipped to Jews not killed by the SS were shipped to concentration camps.concentration camps.

Concentration camps: prison camps operated by Nazi Concentration camps: prison camps operated by Nazi Germany and the SS in which Jews and other Germany and the SS in which Jews and other “undesirables” were murdered; or starved and “undesirables” were murdered; or starved and humiliated while being forced into slave labor. humiliated while being forced into slave labor.

Separation of Jews Upon Arrival Separation of Jews Upon Arrival At the Concentration CampsAt the Concentration Camps

Once the Jews were unloaded and separated into male and female lines, they were then subjected to a selection process. SS doctors carried out this selection.

Usually, those over 14 years of age and deemed ‘fit’ for work were sent to one side of the unloading ramp; the rest were sent to the other side.

The elderly and women with children were sent directly to the line of prisoners who were condemned to death in the gas chambers. 

Those Jews selected for work were sent to a separate building for registration. Prisoners would be registered, before undressing, placing their clothes on a hook, together with their shoes. They would then be tattooed with a registration number, shaved of all body hair, and showered.

Once showered, prisoners were given the infamous striped pajamas, hat and a pair of wooden clogs. They were marched to the blocks to begin their life within the camp.

Hitler’s “Final Solution”Hitler’s “Final Solution” Hitler’s “Final Solution” was a policy of Hitler’s “Final Solution” was a policy of

genocide: the systematic killing of the entire genocide: the systematic killing of the entire Jewish population. Jewish population.

Jews weren’t the only group that Nazi’s deemed Jews weren’t the only group that Nazi’s deemed as “inferior” or “unworthy” “enemies of the as “inferior” or “unworthy” “enemies of the state.”state.”

Nazi Germany also targeted: Non-Aryans, Nazi Germany also targeted: Non-Aryans, Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, Gypsies, Freemasons, Jehovah’s Witnesses, homosexuals, the mentally deficient, the homosexuals, the mentally deficient, the mentally ill, the physically disabled, and the mentally ill, the physically disabled, and the incurably ill. incurably ill.

Hitler began implementing his Final Solution in Hitler began implementing his Final Solution in Poland.Poland.

In Poland the SS (“security squads”) rounded In Poland the SS (“security squads”) rounded up Jewish men, women, children/babies and up Jewish men, women, children/babies and shot them. shot them.

ExterminationExtermination In 1942 the final stage of Hitler’s “Final Solution” was In 1942 the final stage of Hitler’s “Final Solution” was

the mass murder of Jews by poison gas.the mass murder of Jews by poison gas. The Germans built six death camps in Poland. The Germans built six death camps in Poland. Each camp had several huge gas chambers in which Each camp had several huge gas chambers in which

12,000 people could be killed daily.12,000 people could be killed daily. The largest of the death camps was Auschwitz.The largest of the death camps was Auschwitz. To cover up the evidence of their slaughter, Nazis To cover up the evidence of their slaughter, Nazis

used crematoriums to burn the dead bodies.used crematoriums to burn the dead bodies. Prisoners were also shot, hanged, or injected with Prisoners were also shot, hanged, or injected with

poison.poison. Others were the victims of horrible medical Others were the victims of horrible medical

experiments carried out by Nazi Doctors. Joseph experiments carried out by Nazi Doctors. Joseph Mengele studied the organs, brains, and limb Mengele studied the organs, brains, and limb transplants. Took special interest in studying twins.transplants. Took special interest in studying twins.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=owwL0Fynqak&playnext=1&list=PLC7AD1D8832C1v=owwL0Fynqak&playnext=1&list=PLC7AD1D8832C1DE58&safe=activeDE58&safe=active

Geneva ConventionGeneva Convention

http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/ihttp://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/y3gctpw.htmnstree/y3gctpw.htm

Use pages 542-549 if neededUse pages 542-549 if needed Assignment: Pen Pal Assignment: Pen Pal Instructions: Write 2 letters. The first, assume Instructions: Write 2 letters. The first, assume

the role of a Jew in Nazi Germany and write a the role of a Jew in Nazi Germany and write a letter to an African-American friend in the letter to an African-American friend in the United States. Explain to your friend what is United States. Explain to your friend what is happening to you and your fellow Jews. The happening to you and your fellow Jews. The second letter, respond to the first letter by second letter, respond to the first letter by explaining how you and other African-explaining how you and other African-Americans are being treated in the southern Americans are being treated in the southern United States. Remember that the time period United States. Remember that the time period is 1933-1945.is 1933-1945.

VideoVideo

Handout: Freeing the SurvivorsHandout: Freeing the Survivors

1.1. Read the handoutRead the handout

2.2. Write: Reaction page to the Write: Reaction page to the holocaust, the video and the holocaust, the video and the handout. Include in your writing handout. Include in your writing a response to the German a response to the German proverb “In time of war the proverb “In time of war the Devil makes more room in hell.”Devil makes more room in hell.”

ReviewReview Why did Hitler and the Germans Why did Hitler and the Germans

target the Jews?target the Jews? What were the Nuremberg laws and What were the Nuremberg laws and

what were the Jews required to what were the Jews required to wear?wear?

What other groups of people were What other groups of people were targeted for extermination beside targeted for extermination beside Jews?Jews?

How many people a day could be How many people a day could be killed in the gas chambers?killed in the gas chambers?