BEAMS,COLUMS AND LINTELSBEAMS Beams is a member of a , carrying traverse loads .

Beams is rectangular in cross-section. Beams carry the roof slab . R.C.C., Pre-stressed concrete and steel I-section are used as beams to support the slabs.

TYPES OF BEAMSSIMLY SUPPORTED BEAMFIXED BEAMCANTILEVER BEAMCONTINOUS BEAMOVERHANGING BEAM

simply supported beamIt is a beam supported

at the two ends on walls or columns. In actual practise no beam rests freely on the supports without fixing on the supports. Moment is not a induced at the supports . Since it allows rotation.

Hence no beam is practically simply supported.

Fixed

This beam is like the cantilever beam, except that is has two anchor points on the ends. It will not move or rotate at the fulcrum of its attached supports. There are many examples of this kind of beam in steel and wood structures.

Cantilever

This type of support beam is one that has an anchor point at one end only. The other end of this beam is unattached and hangs free. An example is a hoist bar or pulley beam that extends from a barn or home.

Continuous

A continuous beam is one that extends beyond two supports. A flooring joist which passes through three support structures is considered a continuous beam. These are used in homes and other wood buildings.

OVERHANGIG BEAMITS EXTENDS

BEYOND THE WALL SUPPORT . OVERHANGING OF THE BEAM IS THE UNSUPPORTED PORTION OF THE BEAM. IT MAY BE ONE SIDE OR BOTH THE SIDES OF THE SUPPORT.

COLUMNSA column or pillar

in structural engineering is a vertical structural element that transmits, through compression, the weight of the structure above to other structural elements below.

A column is an upright pillar or post. Columns may support a roof or a beam, or they can be purely decorative.

LONG COLUMNSIf the ratio of the

effective length to the least lateral dimension of the column is > 12, the column is known as long column

SHORT COLUMNIF THE RATIO OF

THE EFFECTIVE LENGTH TO THE LEAST LATERAL DIMENSION IS < 12 IA KNOWN AS SHORT COLUMN

INTERMEDIATE COLUMN

COLUMN WITH LENGTH THAT IS BETWEEN THE SHORT AND LONG COLUMN IS CALLED INTERMEDIATE COLUMN

lintelsLintel is a short

beam with its ends built into a wall. It is a horizontal structural member placed over small openings of the wall for door, window ,cupboard and etc,.

CLASSIFICATION OF LINTELSTIMBER LINTELS

It is made up of hard wood like teak. It is embedded into the masonry wall at its ends . These lintels are poor in strength, non –fire resistant and liable to be attacked by white ants. Cost of timber is also high. Therefore , these lintels are not used.

STONE LINTELSIT CONTISTS OF

CHISEL-DRESSED STONE SLABS EITHER A SINGLE PIECE OR MORE THAN A PIECE.

IT IS USED IN STONE MASONARY STUCTURES SUCH AS TEMPLE , ETC.

BRICK LINTELSBrick lintels consists

of brick placed on end or on edge. Brick are weak in strength. Hence they can be used for light loads.

STEEL LINTELSSteel lintels use rolled

steel joists or channel sections. Steel lintels are used for large openings and heavy loads.

Rolled steel joists are embedded in concrete to

Increase its width to match with the width of the wall and

Proctect from rust and corrosion.

R.C.C LINTELSAdvantages Highly durable ,

strong ,rigid , easy to form and fire proof . These are economical and simple in construction.

R.C.C LINTELS USESSPAN LENGTH OF

OPENINGS CARRYING ANY

LOADTHESE ARE

COMMONLY USED NOW A DAYS,REPLACING PRACTICALLY ALL OTHER MATERIALS BY LINTEL.