Basin Modelling Softwares

The aim of the basin modelling is reducing exploration risk and increasing success rate in exploration drilling in a diverse range of

geological settings.

What is the Basin Modelling

• Is the term broadly applied to a group of geological disciplines that can be used to analyse the formation and evolution of sedimentary basins, often but not exclusively to aid evaluation of potential hydrocarbon reserves.

• A basin modelling exercise must assess:

– The burial history of the basin (see back-stripping).– The thermal history of the basin (see thermal history modelling).– The maturity history of the source rocks.– The expulsion, migration and trapping of hydrocarbons.

• By doing so, valuable inferences can be made about such matters as hydrocarbon generation and timing, maturity of potential source rocks and migration paths of expelled hydrocarbons.

Badley Geoscience Limited (United Kingdon- UK) products of Basin Modeling

• Produces profiles of whole-basin/regional structure, both at the syn-rift stage of fault block development and during the subsequent phase of post-rift subsidence. It can be used to analyse multiple rift episodes.• Stretch is used to:

• Make quantitative predictions about the basin development.• Model complex basin histories either as consecutive rift phases or through punctuated

periods of thermal subsidence.• Generate isostatically-balanced cross-sections to validate and QC interpretations.• Predict dynamic uplift within and adjacent to the basin to identify sediment source and

estimate amounts of footwall erosion.• Calculate structurally-constrained estimates of beta (stretching factor) and the resulting

thermal histories through time.• Model burial histories through the post-rift interval.• Model the total gravity field of an entire model or just the contribution to the gravity field

from the various lithosphere components.• Compare the synthetic gravity data with real data.

STRETCH

SOME PROGRAMS

FLEXDECOMP

FlexDecomp 2D is used to: FLEXURAL BACKSTRIPPING OF RIFTBASINS & PASSIVE MARGINS

• Model the structural and stratigraphic development of extensional basins and passive margins

• Predict palaeobathymetry and palaeotopography• Identify sediment depocentres and quantify their depth and

location through time• Place precise constraints on estimates of basin extension

(beta factor). Estimating beta allows heat-flow in the basin to be quantified.

• Produce burial-history plots at any location.• QC seismic interpretations by assessing whether the

interpretation maintains a valid geometry as it is restored

HEAT- heat flow, temperature & maturation modelling

The following variables are incorporated in the calculations:• Whole-lithosphere thermal perturbation (with adjustable lithosphere

parameters).• Burial history, defined by input stratigraphy and lithology (compaction

is incorporated).• Tectonic history, with the ability to model the thermal perturbation

from multiple rift events and their subsequent relaxation.• Crustal and lithosphere thinning, defined by the tectonic history.

Lithosphere thinning can be considered as uniform with depth or depth-dependent.

• Crustal and sediment radiogenic heat input.• The thermal consequences of igneous intrusion into the sediment pile.

Heat predicts:• Interval temperature profiles and source rock maturation (using Burnham & Sweeney Type III Kinetics) both of which can be directly compared against present day downhole temperatures and maturation data.

• Top-basement and top sediment heat-flow histories.

• Horizon temperature histories, from the basement to the surface.

• Source rock maturation indicators in the form of vitrinite reflectance values which can be very easily calibrated against downhole temperature and vitrinite reflectance data.

**** The real power of Heat becomes apparent when it is used conjunction with tectonic modelling (Stretch & FlexDecomp)

OCTEC

The principal aim of the OCTek project is to assist new ventures exploration and petroleum systems modelling in frontier deep-water basins and margins.

SfMargin: 2D forward modelling of rift basins and rifted continental margins

• SfMargin is a forward modelling program which models the processes of rifting, continental breakup and ocean basin formation at the whole lithosphere scale. Output includes crustal scale cross-sections across the continent-ocean transition, plotting the implications for heat-flow history as a result of the breakup process.

IGEOSS – A SCHLUMBERGER COMPANYFRANÇA AND USA

Poly3D, Dynel2D and Dynel3D

• Verification of structure interpretation, structure uncertainty;

• Characterization of naturally fractured reservoirs and fracture reactivation;

• Study for optimum drilling locations in fractured reservoirs;

• Modeling Basin evolution and fault activity through time;

• Reservoir geomechanics, heterogeneous in-situ stress modeling for wellbore stability;

• Study site location of waste storage facilities within areas of complex geological structure

Poly3D

• integrates geological and geophysical data on wells, horizons, faults, and joints with geomechanical analyses of the deformation (i.e. displacement, strain and stress) associated with the processes of faulting and fracturing using the fundamental principles of physics, which govern rock deformation

Key industry applications

• Structure interpretation• Basin modeling• Fractured reservoirs• Reservoir geomechanics• Drilling planning

Dynel2D

• integrates geological and geophysical data on horizons and faults with geomechanical analyses of the deformation (i.e. displacement, strain and stress) associated with the geological structure development using the fundamental principles of physics, which govern rock deformation.

• provides fast physically-based means for solving various aspects of the subsurface issues related to structure interpretation and evolution though time.

• is an avant-garde easy to use restoration and forward modeling tool based on the 2D finite element method (FEM).

Key industry application

• Structure interpretation• Basin modeling• Fractured reservoirs• Drilling planning

Dynel3DMechanically-based 3D reservoir restoration and

Basin modeling.• is a unique volume restoration and forward

modeling tool based on the 3D finite element method (FEM).

• integrates geological and geophysical data on horizons and faults with geomechanical analyses of the deformation (i.e. displacement, strain and stress) associated with the geological structure development using the fundamental principles of physics, which govern rock deformation.

Key industry applications

• Structure interpretation• Basin modeling• Fractured reservoirs• Reservoir geomechanics• Drilling planning

PLATE RIVER ASSOCIATES, INC. (PRA)

• BasinView - Mapping and Integration• BasinMod 2012 - burial history, maturity, and timing of hydrocarbon

generation and expulsion for one well or multiple wells.• Calibrator - accepts a range of values for modelling parameters and runs

thousands of simulations to create BasinMod .mod files containing optimized parameters to quickly calibrate to maturity, porosity, temperature, pressure, and permeability.

• BasinFlow - combines source bed and carrier bed data with hydrodynamics to model hydrocarbon migration and entrapment at the prospect or basin scale. Trap location, trap properties, and migration pathways are calculated and displayed in map view.

• BasinMod Risk - exploration risk in the context of a petroleum system and helps determine the probability of a successful exploration effort.

• BasinMod 2-D

TECTONOR

• BMTTM (Basin Modelling Toolbox) - 2D basin modelling system.– The software's ability to create area balanced

cross sections in environments with normal or reversed faults, and to analyze the interplay between tectonic processes, heat flow and timing of generation and distribution of hydrocarbons in a basin, makes BMT a tool for the expert user.

ZetaWare Products U.S.AInteractive Petroleum System Tools

• GENESIS is an easy to use 1D basin modeling software.– It has many technical advances not found in other

commercial 1D models. For example, its full lithosphere thermal model allows prediction of heat flow away from well control and through geological time. Genesis works with Trinity to become part of your complete petroleum systems workflow.

• TRINITY - It is a map based tool that allows users to interactively model maturation and migration, predict charge volumes and composition, analyze phase/pvt properties, calculate column heights and reserves.

Migri is Migration Risk software from Migris AS.NORWAY

• The aim of the project has been to create a next generation hydrocarbon migration simulator that can be used interactively to describe geologic risks at seismic scales.

Permedia Viewers

• 3D Viewer• Mapping• Petroleum System Tools• Model Building• Data Analysis• Plotting• Well Viewer

SCHLUMBERGER GROUP

• Combines seismic, well, and geological information to model the evolution of a sedimentary basin.

• Predicts if, and how, a reservoir has been charged with hydrocarbons, including the source and timing of hydrocarbon generation, migration routes, quantities, and hydrocarbon type in the subsurface or at surface conditions.

Temis Suite

• TEMIS 1D - 1D basin modeling is being used in frontier exploration areas where the amount of data is limited.

• TEMIS 2D – 2D is now routinely used from frontier area prospect evaluation to drilling cost optimization during field development.

• TEMIS 3D – 3D applicability ranges from regional quantitative prospect assessment to pre-drill pore pressure prediction.