Basic Maneuvering Tasks: Low, Moderate & Complex Risk Driving Environments Section 3

Basic Maneuvering Tasks: Low ,Moderate & Complex Risk Driving Environments

Section 3

Bell Ringer

Write a half a page red to red.

Imagine you’re heading into Harrisonburg and you approach an intersection. What steps would you take in order to safely make it through the intersection.

(Use SEEit to explain the steps.)

Day 3 Objectives • The students will understand different The students will understand different methods of communicating

while driving• The students will be able to define and understand importance of The students will be able to define and understand importance of

staggered stop lines• The students will be able to define and understand importance ofThe students will be able to define and understand importance of

shared left turn lanes• The students will recognize and understand the characteristicsThe students will recognize and understand the characteristics for

hills and curves• The students will understand different cThe students will understand different characteristics of multiple

lane roadways • The students will be able to identify and define the nThe students will be able to identify and define the names and

meanings of roadways• The students will be able to identify and define theThe students will be able to identify and define the 4 types of

interchanges • The students will recognize and understand the function of The students will recognize and understand the function of common

expressway signs

Related SOL: DE.4, DE.5, DE.6, DE.7, and DE.12Related SOL: DE.4, DE.5, DE.6, DE.7, and DE.12

Communication

Some ways to communicate:

Signals— Headlights— Brake Lights— Horn— Hand Signals— Position of

Vehicle— Speed— Driver Actions—

Communication

To be effective: Must be clear Must take place

early enough for others to receive and act upon the information that was sent.

Staggered stops

StopStop your your vehiclevehicle (RED (RED car)car) behind the behind the white(black) white(black) stop bar stop bar

SelectSelect Lane Lane Position 3 to Position 3 to give the truck give the truck as much space as much space as possible as possible

•Improves visibility and creates Improves visibility and creates space for a truck making a left turn.space for a truck making a left turn.

Staggered StopsStaggered Stops

Shared Left Turn Lane

Shared Left Turn Lane- Turn from Moving Traffic

Check for vehicles already stopped or if anyone will be entering lane

Check traffic to rear and signal intention to turn left

Brake to a stop if a gap is not available

Should not drive more than 150 feet in a shared left lane.

Shared Left Turn Lane- Turn from Moving Traffic

Signal left turn and stop at edge of roadway

Check for driver on opposite side of roadway waiting to turn left.

Check for safe gap in traffic to the left.

Shared Left Turn Lane- Enter Street From a Driveway

If clear in both directions, enter nearest through lane.


If there is a gap to the left, but not the right, turn into the shared left turn lane and stop.


Signal for a right turn. When traffic is clear

to the right, accelerate and steer into nearest traffic lane.


Curves & Hills

Techniques for Hills and Curves

Searching Into a Curve– Look ahead and through the curve– Look for problems that may affect your path of

travel and line of sight

Apex: the point at which your car is closest to the inside edge of the usable roadway

Trail Braking: Releasing brake pressure while you steer.

Things to ask yourself when driving through curves

Does the roadway curve left or right? Can the exit of the curve be seen ahead? What is the sharpness of the curve? What is the lane width, shoulder conditions,

posted speed, or traffic volume? Is the curve on grade, up or down hill? Is the field of view restricted? Can an apex point for exiting the curve be

determined?Do not write this slide

Entering a Curve to the Right• Determine Line of Sight / Path of Travel• LP2- provides the best visibility• Check traffic to the rear

Path of Travel

Line of Sight

Begin in Lane Position 2

Lane Position 3 Apex Point

Exiting the Curve• LP1- Adjust speed

and position for best visibility and space cushion

Moving Through the Curve• Determine target area• LP3- provides best space

cushion Exit in Lane Position 1

Begin in Lane Position 3

Lane Position 2 Apex Point

Exit in Lane

Position 1 Path of Travel

Line of Sight

Entering a Curve to the LeftEntering a Curve to the Left•Determine Line of Sight/Path of TravelDetermine Line of Sight/Path of Travel•LP 3 provides the best visibilityLP 3 provides the best visibility•Check traffic to the rearCheck traffic to the rear

Moving Through the CurveMoving Through the Curve•Determine target areaDetermine target area

•LP 2-LP 2- provides best space cushion (Apex)Exiting the Curve AdjustExiting the Curve Adjust LP 1-LP 1- speed and position speed and position for best visibility and for best visibility and space cushionspace cushion

Reduce Speed When:1. Approaching and crossing intersections

where cross traffic is not required to stop by traffic control devices

2.Approaching and crossing railroad grade crossings

3. Approaching and going around curves or hills

4.Traveling on narrow or winding roads

5. Approaching pedestrians or other traffic6.Encountering bad weather or

dangerous highway conditions

Speed in a Curve

You should reduce speed going into a curve.

Squeeze the brake on entry and trail off the brake until the apex or exit point is determined

Once apex is reached, use light acceleration to pull the car out of the curve through the exit

Speed in a Curve

Speed going through a curve will determine how much traction your car will have.

Road Position in a Curve

Under-steer: Traction loss into a curve.

Over-steer: Traction loss on the exit of a curve.

Determine the Determine the Best Line of Best Line of Sight and Path Sight and Path of Travelof Travel

Lane position 3 Lane position 3 provides the provides the best space best space cushioncushion

Line of Sight is Line of Sight is Restricted Up Restricted Up and Down Hilland Down Hill

Line of Sight Over a Hill

Traveling Downhill

When traveling downhill check your vehicle’s speed and rearview mirror every five seconds

Do not ride the brake. If necessary, shift to a lower gear.

Names and Meanings of Roadways

Highway-main public roadway that runs from city to city

Expressway- high speed divided highway Freeway-(superhighway) has no tolls

Names and Meanings of Roadways Turnpike- Usually an expressway that

requires toll to be paid (also a tollway) Beltway- highway that goes around a city Junctions- Where two roadways meet or

intersect.

Characteristics of an Expressway

Access Ramp

Acceleration Lane

Merging

Exit Ramp

Deceleration Lane

Expressways

High speed roadways (up to 70 mph) that carry a high volume of traffic

Usually divided by a barrier of some type

• Guardrail, cement, grassy median

Multiple lanes going in the same direction

Expressways

Controlled-access at interchanges

• There are only certain areas where a driver can enter

Low frequency of collisions– When accidents do

occur the severity rate is increased because of the speeds involved

Types of Interchanges

Cloverleaf Interchange

A cloverleaf interchangeA cloverleaf interchange has a series of entrance and exit ramps that resemble the outline of a four leaf clover.

This designThis design allows for the interchange of two expressways or major roadways.

has shared entrance and exit weave lanes.

Cloverleaf Interchange

Curved roadways have banked and flat exits, which lead to braking and steering problems as drivers adjust from high speed to the speed of the exit curve.

A diamond interchangeA diamond interchange is designed to be used when a road with slower speeds crosses a busy expressway.

Traffic is permitted to move ONLY in the direction indicated by the arrows.

for the interchange of a major roadway with a secondary dual or multiple lane roadway.

This design allows:This design allows:

Diamond Interchange

Diamond Interchange May have traffic

control devices which allows for a left or right turn onto the secondary roadway.

Allows the driver to re-enter the entrance by moving across the intersection of the secondary roadway

Trumpet InterchangeA trumpet A trumpet interchangeinterchange is used when an intersecting side road forms a T intersection with the expressway.

This design:This design:

accommodates the T-intersection flow of traffic at the junction of two roadways.

allows for traffic on a secondary two-way street to merge onto a multiple lane roadway.

Frontage Road InterchangesFrontage Road Interchanges allow vehicles using parallel secondary two-way or one-way roadways to merge onto a major multiple lane roadway.

Traffic is permitted to move ONLY in the direction indicated by the arrows.

drivers to exit a multiple lane roadway and use the parallel frontage road.

secondary road traffic flows to mix efficiently with higher speed traffic flows on the multiple lane roadway.

This design allows:This design allows:

Frontage Interchange

Common Expressway Signs

A major contributor to your A major contributor to your decision as to how you will maintain decision as to how you will maintain a safe path of travel, proper lane a safe path of travel, proper lane position, and your lane choice, is position, and your lane choice, is based on the information provided based on the information provided by the road signs and lane by the road signs and lane markings.markings.

Common Expressway SignsCommon Expressway Signs

Interstate Signs

The “Interstate Sign” is shaped like a shield and is red, white and blue in color.

Expressway Numbering North/South highways have odd

numbers Higher the number, more East…

Lower the number, more West

Expressway Numbering

East/West have even numbers

Higher the number, more North…Lower the number, more South


Most routes are one and two digit


Alternate routes are usually three digit.


First digit is even the alternate route goes around the city, odd leads into the city

Washington DC

Common Expressway SignalsCommon Expressway Signals

Lane SignalsLane Signals

A GREEN arrowGREEN arrow over a lane — the lane is open for travel.

A YELLOW YELLOW ““XX”” over a lane — travel in that lane is about to change or close.

A RED RED ““XX”” over a lane — travel in that lane is closed or prohibited.

Reversible lane signals

Expressway Lane MarkingsExpressway Lane Markings

Solid Solid YELLOWYELLOW line line

marks the left edge of the roadway.

should always be on the driver’s left side.

Traffic FlowTraffic Flow


Solid WHITE line

marks the right edge of the roadway, or entrance and exit lanes.



Broken WHITE line

separates lanes of traffic going in the same direction.



HOV lanes

are marked with a white diamond.require a minimum number of

passengers in the vehicle.

(high occupancy vehicle)

Speed Limits

70 mph is the maximum speed on expressways in Virginia.

In urban, congested areas the maximum speed is 55 mile per hour. (RT. 33)

In Virginia, it is against the law to operate a vehicle at such a slow speed as to impede the normal and reasonable movement of traffic

Read pages: 263-266

Answers questions 1-4 on page 266

Class Work

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Basic Maneuvering Tasks: Low, Moderate & Complex Risk Driving Environments Section 3