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BAUHAUS SCHOOL OFARCHITECTURE
By
Lijo Chandy
Y3087
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Bauhaus -German expression -literally means
"house for building."
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FOUNDER
Born: May 18, 1883
Place of Birth: Berlin, Germany
Died:
July 5, 1969
Walter Adolph Gropius
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Walter Adolf Gropius-a German architectand educator
Main theory-all design should be functional aswell as aesthetically-pleasing
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Major faculties
Paul Klee(Swiss artist )
Lyonel Feininger(American-born German Cubist/Expressionist Painter)Wassily Kandinsky(Russian Expressionist Painter)
Lszl Moholy-Nagy(Hungarian Painter and Photographer)
Marcel Breuer(Hungarian-born American Architect)
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teaching plan
insisted on functional craftsmanship inevery field, with a concentration on theindustrial problems of mechanical mass
production
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central idea behind the teaching at the Bauhaus was
productive workshops.
Bauhaus containedcarpenter's workshop, a metal workshop, a
pottery in Dormburg, facilities for painting on
glass, mural painting, weaving, printing,wood and stone sculpting
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The Bauhaus School was an academy of artand design founded in Weimar, Germany in
1919 combining the Weimar Art Academy andthe Weimar Arts and Crafts School
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The WeimarBauhaus, designed
by Henry Van de
Velde, is a tectonic
expression of load
bearing walls
interrupted by window
screens.
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The school was founded in a time whenGermany's economy was collapsing and
the unemployment rates where higher thanever.
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move towards the better integration of art and
technology for the benefit of the both
Basic ideology
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Bauhauss idealsartist must recognize his social
responsibility to the community andlikewise, the community must accept
and support the artist
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The Bauhaus style would proceed
from certain assumptions:
the new architecture was to be created for
workers the new architecture was to reject all thingsthat were bourgeois
the new architecture would return to theoriginal Classical principals of Western
architecture
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AIMuse the principles of Classical
architecture in its pure form withoutornamentation
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Bauhaus architects rejected details such ascornices, eaves, and other decorative
elements
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CHARACTERS
flat roofs
smooth facades
cubic shapes
favor right angles(although some feature rounded corners and balconies)
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Colour was considered to be bourgeois
The colors preferred were white,
gray, beige, and black.
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Bauhausstylewascharacterizedby-economy of method
-a severe geometry of form
-design that took into account
the nature of the materialsemployed.
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Bauhaus produced theoriescalling for the use of concrete,
steel, wood, stucco and glass
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Some Local Bauhaus Adaptations
Smaller Windows
Stilt Columns (Pilotis)
Reinforced Concrete
[Some of the key elements of Bauhaus architecture had to be
adapted to the local environment, primarily because of the
climate. ]
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Effect
most of the architects adhered to theprinciples of the Bauhaus-the result was aclassical form of rational social housingwith open floor plans, white walls, nodrapes, and functional furniture.
A new way of life stood out: free of
history, improvising, creative, withsolidarity, and without reservation orfondness for the present.
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In 1924 funding for the Bauhaus was cut so
drastically at the instigation of conservative
forces that it had to seek a new home
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In 1925 the Bauhaus moved to themore friendly atmosphere of
Dessau
Dessau
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This brought the opportunity to build a
new school complex
Gropius designed special buildings to
house the various departments
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Aerial photo
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View
from
east
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View from north
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View from south
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entrance
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Entrance
detail
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Night photo
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On
the
stairs
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View to the north wing
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b
r
i
d
g
e
bridge
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vestibule
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Workshop
wing
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cantine
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StudioHouse
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Walter Gropius
resigned as directoron April 1, 1928under the pressure ofconstant struggles forthe Bauhaus survival
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He was succeeded by the Swiss architectHannes Meyer (1889-1954)
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Meyers work sought to shape a
harmonious society
Meyer promoted the development of affordablefurniture, textiles, wallpaper and lamps for blue-collar workers
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Gropius falsified Meyer's contribution until theend of his life
Meyer was a Communist who politicized theSchool
Eventually, increasingly active Communiststudents made Dessau's municipal governmentafraid of losing votes
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This led toMeyer'sdismissal inAug 1930.
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Ludwig Mies vander Rohe(1886-1969)
becomes the newdirector
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Under Ludwig Mies van der Rohe theBauhaus developed from 1930 into a
technical college of architecture with
subsidiary art and workshopdepartments.
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After the Nazis became the biggestparty in Dessau at the elections,
opposition to the school hadincreased to such an extent that the
city of Dessau withdrew its support .The Bauhaus was forced to move inSeptember 1932.
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Mies van der Rohecontinues running it
as a privateinstitution in Berlin.
Berlin
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Under the
pressure
of the
rising Nazi
party,thefaculty
agreed on
the final
liquidationof the
school. It
took place
on July
20th, 1933.
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Walter Gropius, Mies van der Rohe and otherBauhaus leaders migrated to the United States. The
termInternational Style was applied to theAmerican form of Bauhaus architecture. The name
came from the book The International Style by
historian and critic Henry-Russell Hitchcock andarchitect Philip Johnson.
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The Bauhaus Style was used inthe production of lamps, chairsand other household items, andalso spread into fields such astypography and theater.
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CHAIRS
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Wire Chair
Diamond Chair
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Cesca Chair
Cesca Chair w. arms
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Turning Chair
Turning Stool
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Cantilever Armchair
Brno Chair
Tubular Brno Chair
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LOUNGE
SEATINGS
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Grand Confort Sofa
Barcelona Chair
Barcelona Ottoman Barcelona Bench
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Barcelona Bed
Chaise Longue
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TABLES
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Dining Table
Coffee Table
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Side Table
Large Dining Table
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Barcelona Table
Coffee Table
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LAMPS
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Bauhaus Lamp
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Bauhaus school of architecturefuse all the arts under the concept
of design.
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THANK U