bab elektrik: suatu pengenalan

7/30/2019 bab elektrik: suatu pengenalan

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BEE2922

INDUSTRIALINDUSTRIAL

INSTALLATIONINSTALLATION


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Syllabus

1. Electrical Power Supply (T) Institution of Electrical Engineers

(IEE)regulation Power Distribution

2. Main Switch Board-MSB (T) Power factor correction Switchgear and protective devices-

RCCB,ACB,VCB Over current protective devices-CT ratio,

TMS(time multiply setting) , relays Standby generator


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3. Sub-Switch Board-SSB (T) Feeder pillar Choose of cable size

Switchgear and protective devices-MCCB,ACB,fuses

Meters

4. Distribution Board-DB (T) Current carrying capacity Cable sizing Circuit breaker rating

Three phase and single phasesupply

Assessment


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5. Loads (T) Total Connected Load(TCL) Current carrying capacity Voltage drop Sensitivity Balanced three phase circuit Maximum demand Tariffs

6. Project (P) Configuration of tools and equipment Schematic drawing-assignment Conduit and trunks Installation and wiring

Cables - Armoured cable Inspection and Testing- Condition of equipment

and materials, continuity, insulation,termination, earth electrode


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LEARNING OUTCOMES

This subject introduces student to three phase wiring.The students will learn how to do electrical wiringinvolving three phase supply and also the safety

measures required.

The students should be able to:i. Differential between domestic and Industrial wiring

ii. Demonstrate the component and function ofdistribution board

iii. Explain the flow of distribution power system.

iv. Practice right installation and wiring technique.


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CHAPTER 1

ELECTRICAL POWER SUPPLY

IEEPOWER DISTRIBUTION


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IEE REGULATION

The 16th IEE regulation (Institution ofElectrical Engineers) currently isused in commenwealth countries

It must be follow as practically inorder to achieve/fulfill the safety andrule requirement


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ELECTRICAL REGULATION1994

The rule to describe how theactivities in generation, transmission,distribution, consuming, supervising,

handling, license, competent person,importing, manufacturing, upgrading,etc is applied


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COMPETENT PERSON

Pendawai Elektrik (Wireman), PW1 to PW6

Penjaga Jentera Elektrik (Chargeman), A0 to A4

Penyelia Elektrik (Electrical Supervisor)

Pencantum Kabel (Cable Jointer) Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten (Competent Engineer)

Jurutera Elektrik Perkhidmatan (Servising Engineer)

Jurutera Elektrik Kompeten Residen (Competent

Resident Electrical Engineer)


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POWER STATION


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ALTERNATOR


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Main intake substation


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POWER GENERATIONTNB 33kV/11kV


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11kV/433kV substation


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TRANSMISSION and DISTRIBUTION


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CHAPTER 2


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CHAPTER 2 :POWER DISTRIBUTION

TNBSUBSTATION

MAIN SWITCH BOARD

SUB SWITCH BOARD

DISTRIBUTIONBOARD

LOAD

11 kV

415V

415/240V

415/240V


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POWER DISTRIBUTION

MSB

(415V)

SSB415V

SSB415V

SSB)415V

STANDBY GENSET


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MSB

SSB SSB SSB SSB

DB DB DB DB


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INSIDE SUBSTATION

Ring Main Unit (RMU) /Ring Main Unit (RMU) /

Switchgear 11kVSwitchgear 11kV

Transformer (11/0.415kV)Transformer (11/0.415kV) MSBMSB

Feeder pillarFeeder pillarHigh voltage & low voltage cableHigh voltage & low voltage cable


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2.0:MAIN SWITCH BOARD(MSB)


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2.1 CAPACITOR BANK power factor

correction


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RESIDUAL CURRENT CIRCUITBREAKER (RCCB)

Automatic CircuitBreaker for currentleakage to earth

Current rating:40A and60/63A

Sensitivity of currentleaking :10mA, 30mA,

100mA, 300mA Three phase and single

phase type


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2.3 AIR CIRCUIT BREAKER

Current rating 600A and above

Add - Current

Transformer, relayand shunt trip coilfor operation

Current trip beadjusted


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2.3 CT, TMS, RELAY


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CURRENT TRANSFORMER(CT)


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2.4 STANDBY GENSET


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3.0SSB

3.1SWITCH GEAR PROTECTION

3.2 RCCB, ACB, VCB


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Type of protection

Over current (short circuit) overload

earth fault earth leakage lightning Overheating unbalance phase reverse phase sequence

3 0 SUB SWITCH BOARD (SSB)


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3.0 SUB SWITCH BOARD (SSB)


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EARTH FAULT RELAY


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MOULDED CASE CIRCUIT BREAKER(MCCB)

Function=MCB

For 60A and above usage

For three phase power supply Replace switch fuse and fuse switch

ON- after Short circuit and over

loading Easy to operate


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3 PHASE ELCB CONSTRUCTION

R Y B N

Perintang uji

Punatekan uji

Teras besi

( Gelung secondary )

PLBB Tiga Fasa

Elemen sensitif

Suis 4 kutub jenis link

BEBAN


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BALANCE CONDITION

R Y B N

BEBAN

20A 20A 20A

20A


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UNBALANCE CONDITION

R Y B N

bocor ke bumi

BEBAN

20A 20A 20A

10A


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3.2 FEEDER PILLAR


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CABLE CONSTRUCTION

conductor Aluminium/Copper

insulator Paper, PVC,XLPE

Lembar (strand) helaianpaling kecil

core himpunan helaian Perisai (armour)

perlindungan mekanikal Salut (sheath) kemasan

luaran Pengisi (filler) mengisi

ruang kosong Screen (thin copper foil)

stress uniformity Pengalas (bedding) alas

antara bahagian keras dgnbahagian lembut

PILCDSTAS CABLE(PAPER CABLE)


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VARIOUS TYPE OF CABLES

KABEL


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KABELPVC/SWA/PVC


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02/19/10 [email protected] 45


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3.3 CABLE SIZE vs CURRENT RATING

mm SQUAREmm SQUARE CURRENT (A)CURRENT (A)

11 13.513.5

1.51.5 17.517.5

2.52.5 2424

44 3232

66 4141

1010 5757

1616 7676

2525 101101

3535 125125

5050 1511517070 192192

9595 232232

120120 269269

150150 300300

3 4 METERS


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3.4 METERS

kWhour meter

CT meter


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4.0 DB


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CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITYFUSE/MCB (Amp)FUSE/MCB (Amp) CABLE SIZE (mmCABLE SIZE (mm)) MAX POWER(watt)MAX POWER(watt)

5/65/6 1.51.5 1000/12001000/1200

1515 2.52.5 1 x 13A s/s/o1 x 13A s/s/o

2020 2.52.5 2 x 13A s/s/o2 x 13A s/s/o

30 (gelang)30 (gelang) 2.52.5 10 x 13A s/s/o10 x 13A s/s/o

30 (jejari)30 (jejari) 4.04.0 6 X 13A s/s/o6 X 13A s/s/o

1515 2.52.5 1 x cooker 3 kW1 x cooker 3 kW

3030 4.04.0 1 x cooker 8 kW1 x cooker 8 kW

1515 4.04.0 1 x heater 1.5kW1 x heater 1.5kW

1515 4.04.0 1 x 1.5 HP air cond1 x 1.5 HP air cond

3030 6.06.0 1 x 2.5 HP air cond1 x 2.5 HP air cond

6363 16/2516/25 Kabel masuk utamaKabel masuk utama


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4.0:DB-SINGLE PHASE

CONTENT:

ISOLATOR (63A)

ELCB -4 pole

LIVE TERMINAL

NEUTRAL TERMINAL

EARTH TERMINAL

MCB


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CABLE SIZING


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CABLE SIZING

1.25 / 1.5 mm square (lamp/fan circuit)

2.5 mm square (socket 13A, radial) 4.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring)

6.0 mm square (socket 13A, ring)

10.0 mm square (main cable)

16.0 mm square (main cable)

25 mm square (main cable)

35 mm square (main cable)

50 mm square (main cable) 70 mm square( main cable)

MCB


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MCB


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Cable sizingsizesize No of core/No of core/

CoreCore

size(diametersize(diameter

))

LOadLOad voltagevoltage

ratingratingSize of cableSize of cable

(diameter)(diameter)

1.25 mm1.25 mm22 (7/0.53 mm)(7/0.53 mm) lamp circuitlamp circuit 300/500300/500

voltvolt2.5 mm2.5 mm

1.5 mm1.5 mm22 (3/0.737 mm)(3/0.737 mm) lamp circuit/lamp circuit/

heaterheater300/500300/500


2.5 mm2.5 mm22 (7/0.67 mm)(7/0.67 mm) PowerPower

circuit/watercircuit/waterheater 5kW-heater 5kW-

20A20A

400/750400/750

voltvolt

3.7 mm3.7 mm

4 mm4 mm22 (7/0.85 mm)(7/0.85 mm) water heaterwater heater

7kW- 30A7kW- 30A400/750400/750


INTERNAL MCB


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INTERNAL MCBCOMPONENT

MCB i t l d i


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MCB-internal design

Earth chamber & earth


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Earth chamber & earthelectrode

Earth chamber & earth electrode


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Earth chamber & earth electrode

EARTH RESISTANCE


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EARTH RESISTANCEMEASUREMENT

The grounding system is an essential element for theelectrical system security and it is required to:

Allow for protective devices activation when there is aninsulation fault.

Equalize the potential of conductive parts that can be

accessed simultaneously, with the potential in thesurrounding soil in order to prevent people from beingexposed to hazardous voltages.

Allow the lightning strike energy to be safely dissipated.

Reduce electromagnetic interferences.

02/19/10 [email protected] 61

h l d


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Earth electrode Standard Earth

Electrode 6 incheslength

Galvanised Iron (G.I)hollow pipe withdiameter 2 in

Wire mesh

Max resistance-fordomestic wiring=1 ohm

Max resistance-forlightning=10 ohm Down conductors

Air terminal


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5.1:total connected load

TCL is a total load ineach electricalequipment it is needsupply for project orinstallation

These equipment lamp, fan, powerpoint, lift, waterpump, and electrical

equipment Exp:

loadload raterate

1 x 18 W1 x 18 W 30W30W

1 x 36 W1 x 36 W 50W50W

Ceiling fanCeiling fan 65W65W

EmergencyEmergencylamplamp

20W20W

SocketSocketoutlet 13Aoutlet 13A

250 W250 W

SocketSocket 500 W500 W


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VOLTAGE DROP

IEE regulation- Voltage drop4% from voltage source

EXAMPLE :VOLTAGE SOURCE= 240V

MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP =240 X 4% = 9.6V

VOLTAGE SOURCE =415V

MAXIMUM VOLTAGE DROP=415 X 4% = 16.6V

CHAPTER 6: size of trunks


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CHAPTER 6: size of trunks

cable sizecable size Cable factorCable factor

1.5 mm1.5 mm 8.18.1

2.5 mm2.5 mm 11.411.4

4 mm4 mm 15.415.4

6 mm6 mm 22.922.9

10 mm10 mm 36.336.3

Trunks factor

Trunks size (mm)Trunks size (mm) factorfactor

50 x 3850 x 38 767767

50 x 5050 x 50 10371037

75 x 2575 x 25 738738

75 x 3875 x 38 11461146

75 x 5075 x 50 15551555

75 x 7575 x 75 23712371

100 x 25100 x 25 99.399.3

100 x 38100 x 38 15421542

100 x 50100 x 50 20912091

100 x 75100 x 75 31893189

100 x 100100 x 100 42524252


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example Calculate the size of trunks to carried the cable size as below:a. 12 x 1.5mmb. 16x2.5mm

c. 8 x 4mm

d. 4x6mm


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solution

define the cable factor:a. 12 x 1.5mm =12 x 8.1=97.2

b. 16x2.5mm=16 x 11.4=182.4

c. 8 x 4mm=8 x 15.4= 123.2

d. 4x6mm= 4 x 22.9= 91.6

494.4

Trunks size=75 x 25 mm

FLAXIBLE CONDUIT


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FLAXIBLE CONDUIT


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TYPE OF TRUNKING


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STARTING

4 cm

X

X


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TRUNKING -90

XX

X

20cm 5cm5cm

X

XX

X

X


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TRUNKING 45 -1

XX

X

X

45

2cm 2cm

20 cm

20cm

X X

X

X


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TRUNKING 45 -2

X

X

X

45

2cm 2cm

X

=28.5cm

X

X


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ENDING

5 cm

X

X


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CAP

5 cm 5 cm20 cm

X

X

X

X

X

90

2 cm2 cm

2 cm 2 cm

X

45-2

45-1

20 cm


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DOL

TO MOTOR

MCB 32 A

O/L

CONTACTOR

Inside DB (Three Phase)


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Inside DB (Three Phase)

MCCB(40A)

ELCB(40A)

CON(32A)

10A

20A

20A

32A

32A

TO DOL

TO SOCKET OUTLET

SPARE

SPARE

EN

INCOMING FROMISOLATOR

E/S

CABLESIZE:4mm

A1

A2

SPARE

RING CIRCUIT


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RING CIRCUIT

S/O 2S/O 1

S/O 3

MCB (20A)E N

Cable size:2.5mm


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OVERALL LAYOUT


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OVERALL LAYOUT

TRUNKING (2X2)

CONDUIT(3/4)

DB

DOL

S/O 1

S/O 3

S/O 2

E/S

45

45

90

90

12

77

9

9

10

1016

12

10

10

45

45

Practical FLOW WORK


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Practical FLOW WORK

START

CONDUIT-measurement, cutting,bending and threading

TRUNKING (body & cap)measurement, cutting,hole

Conduit fitting-clip

TRUNKING FITTING-screwing

WIRING

TESTING

TEORI

ASSESSMENT


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ASSESSMENT

Quizzes (5%)

Test (10%)

Practical (35%)

Documents

bab elektrik: suatu pengenalan