BIOMETRICS

Akash Mudubagilu

Arindam Gupta

OVERVIEW What is Biometrics? Why Biometrics? General Biometric System Different types of Biometrics Uses and Applications of Biometrics Challenges to Biometrics

WHAT IS BIOMETRICS? Biometrics is the science of verifying and establishing

the identity of an individual through physiological features or behavioral traits.

WHAT IS BIOMETRICS? Physiological and Behavioral characteristics:

Physiological:

- Fingerprint

- Face

- Iris

- Hand Geometry

o Behavioral:

- Voice

- Keyboard strokes

- Signature

WHY BIOMETRICS? With numerous devices, traditional paradigm of user

name and password based scenarios are not practical Only authorized users should have access to data and

services Biometrics provide an unobtrusive and convenient

authentication mechanism Advantages of biometrics

Uniqueness No need to remember passwords or carry tokens Biometrics cannot be lost, stolen or forgotten More secure than a long password Solves repudiation problem Not susceptible to traditional dictionary attacks

GENERAL BIOMETRIC SYSTEM Determine or authenticate identity

Identification Systems: Who am I? Determine Identity

Verification Systems: Am I who I claim to be? Authenticate Identity

GENERAL BIOMETRIC SYSTEM

Database

BiometricSensor

Feature Extraction

BiometricSensor

Feature Extraction

Matching

ID : 8809

Authentication

Enrollment

Result

DIFFERENT TYPES OF BIOMETRICS Fingerprint recognition Face recognition Iris recognition Hand geometry Voice Scan Keystroke Scan Signature Scan

FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION Measures unique characteristics in a fingerprint

(minutiae) Crossover Core Bifurcations Ridge ending Island Delta Pore

Advantages: multiple fingers, large database, proven technology

Disadvantages: skin worn out due to age

FACE RECOGNITION

Uses off-the-shelf camera to measure the following facial features:

Distance between the eyes Distance between the eyes and nose Angle of a cheek Slope of the nose Facial Temperatures

Advantages: No contact required, cameras are common

Disadvantages: Face can be obstructed, sensitive to changes in age, depends upon lighting and camera angle

IRIS RECOGNITION Measures unique characteristics of the Iris like ridges,

furrows, striations

Advantages: Iris is stable over lifetime, no contact is needed

Disadvantages: Difficult for people having eye disorders, some people may find this technique somewhat obtrusive.

HAND GEOMETRY Measures the top and sides of the hand, not the palm,

contrary to the popular belief Measures the finger lengths, widths, curves

Advantages: Easy to capture, widely used for physical access, stable over lifetime

Disadvantages: Not sufficiently distinctive over a large population, so not very accurate

VOICE SCAN Measures the sound wave Factors: pitch, intensity, quality and durations of

human speech. user talks to a microphone a passphrase. voice print is compared to a previous one

Advantages: Easy to implement wherever there is a telephone in use

Disadvantages: High variability in an individual’s voice, background noise

KEYSTROKE SCAN Keystroke scan: Measures the time between strokes

and duration of key pressed. Most commonly used in systems where

keyboard is already being used.

SIGNATURE SCAN Signature scan: Measures speed, pressure, stroke

order an image of signature. Non-repudiation Mainly used for verification

However forgers could forge it with some training

USES AND APPLICATIONS OF BIOMETRICS

Government and law enforcement Forensic applications Commercial applications

GOVERNMENT APPLICATIONS Passport control

Border Control

Access control to government systems

FORENSIC APPLICATIONS Criminal investigations

Corpse identification

Missing person identification

COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS Computer login to different systems

Secure banking

Employee verification

Electronic payment

ATM

Record protection

CHALLENGES TO BIOMETRICS Informational privacy concerns:

Misuse Addressed by:

System Design Careful Audit

Personal privacy concerns cultural or religious beliefs

REFERENCES Jain, Anil K., Arun Ross, and Salil Prabhakar. "An

Introduction to Biometric Recognition." IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS FOR VIDEO TECHNOLOGY 14.1 (2004): 4-20. IEEE Xplore. Web. 5 Dec. 2011. http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=1262027

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