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Avoiding Plagiarism in Research. Plagiarism – Definition. Taking and using the thoughts, writings, and inventions of another person as one's own Using someone’s ideas without citing or quoting; thereby, receiving credit for someone else’s intellectual effort. How serious is the problem?. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Avoiding Plagiarismin Research
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Plagiarism – Definition
Taking and using the thoughts, writings, and inventions of another person as one's own
Using someone’s ideas without citing or quoting; thereby, receiving credit for someone else’s intellectual effort
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How serious is the problem?“A study of almost 4,500 students at 25 schools,
suggests cheating is . . . a significant problem in high school - 74% of the respondents admitted to one or more instances of serious test cheating and 72% admitted to serious cheating on written assignments. Over half of the students admitted they have engaged in some level of plagiarism on written assignments using the Internet.”
Based on the research of Donald L. McCabe, Rutgers UniversitySource: “CIA Research.” Center for Academic Integrity, Duke University, 2003.
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Why is this a problem? For the student
failure to achieve academic learning outcomes treated as academic misconduct
For the teacher a waste of time
For the institution threat to reputation and value of degrees Quality assurance, regulations, and legislative
context
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Forms of plagiarism
Copying from a single source
Copying from several sources
Paraphrasing
Collusion
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How to avoid plagiarism Use quotes for
Information that comes directly from any source
Words, spoken or written, that you use directly from another person
Make sure you document the source
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How to avoid plagiarism Paraphrase
Write the information in your own words, but do not change its meaning or intention
Because you are using someone else’s idea, always mention the source even if you use your own words
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Common knowledge Any information, fact, or statement that is
widespread and known by a variety of people is considered common knowledge John Adams was the second president of USA The Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor on December 7,
1941
There is no need to give credit to information that is of common knowledge
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When should I cite?
Is it your idea?
NO
Do not citeIs it common knowledge?
No
Yes
Cite it!!
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Accidental plagiarismUsing words from another source without
indicating where they came from.
Ways to avoid accidental plagiarism: Careful note taking A clear understanding of the rules for
quoting, paraphrasing, and summarizing sources
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When in doubt, cite.
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Plagiarism detection software
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Penalties for teachers, researchers and staff Dismissal from service Demotion to the next lower grade Warning Freezing of research grants Promotions/annual increments of the offender may be
stopped University may debar the offender from sponsorship of
research funding, travel grant, supervision of Ph.D. students, scholarship, fellowship or any other funded program
Offender may be “Black Listed” and may NOT be eligible for employment in any academic / research organization
Notification of “Black Listing” of the author may be published in the print media or may be publicized on different websites
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Penalties for students Expelled/ rusticated from the University and from joining
any institution of Higher Education in Pakistan Relegated to a lower class Given a failure grade in the subject Fined an amount Given a written warning if the offence is minor and is
committed for the first time Degree may be withdrawn Notification of plagiarism by the author may be published in
the print media or may be publicized on different websites University may debar the offender from sponsorship of
research funding, travel grant, scholarship, fellowship or any other funded program
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Good luck