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Alfa Laval Separation ABSeparator Manuals, dept. SKELS-147 80 Tumba, Sweden

Telephone: +46 8 53 06 50 00Telefax: +46 8 53 03 10 40

Printed in Sweden, 99-07

© Alfa Laval Separation AB 1999

This publication or any part thereof may not be reproduced or transmitted by any process or means without prior written permission of Alfa Laval Separation AB.

Contents

1 Safety Instructions 9

2 Separator Basics 15

2.1 Basic principles of separation 15

2.1.1 Introduction 15

2.1.2 Separation by gravity 15

2.1.3 Centrifugal separation 16

2.1.4 Separating temperatures 16

2.2 Design and function 18

2.2.1 Application 18

2.2.2 Overview 18

2.2.3 Mechanical power transmission 19

2.2.4 Sensors and indicators 20

2.2.5 Brake 20

2.2.6 Process main parts 21

2.2.7 Flushing 25

2.3 Separating function 26

2.3.1 Normal separation 26

2.3.2 Sediment discharge cycle 27

2.4 Factors influencing the separation result 32

2.4.1 Viscosity and density 32

2.4.2 Size and shape of particles 32

2.4.3 Properties of the sediment 32

2.4.4 Sediment content 32

2.4.5 Sediment discharge 33

2.4.6 Sediment discharge volume (with level ring) 33

2.4.7 Disc stack 34

2.4.8 Throughput 34

2.4.9 Back pressure regulation 34

3

2.5 Sediment discharge interval 35

2.6 Definitions 37

2.7 Machine plates and safety labels 38

3 Operating Instructions 41

3.1 Operating routine 41

3.1.1 Before first start 41

3.1.2 Ready for start 42

3.1.3 Start 43

3.1.4 Running 45

3.1.5 Cleaning (before stop) 48

3.1.6 Normal stop 48

3.1.7 Emergency stop 49

4 Trouble-tracing 51

4.1 Introduction 51

4.2 Mechanical functions 51

4.2.1 Smell 51

4.2.2 Noise 51

4.2.3 Separator vibrates 52

4.2.4 Starting current too low 53

4.2.5 Starting current too high 53

4.2.6 Current during operation too high 53

4.2.7 Speed too low 54

4.2.8 Starting time too long 54

4.2.9 Stopping time too long 54

4.2.10 Water in worm gear housing 55

4

4.3 Separating functions 56

4.3.1 Unsatisfactory separation result 56

4.3.2 Bowl fails to open for sediment discharge 56

4.3.3 Bowl opens accidentally during operation 57

4.3.4 Unsatisfactory sediment discharge 57

4.3.5 Liquid flows through the bowl casing drain and/or sediment outlet 58

4.3.6 Too much process liquid in sediment 59

4.3.7 High pressure in clean liquid outlet 59

4.3.8 Air intermingles with the cleaned liquid 59

4.3.9 Bowl clogged with sediment 60

4.3.10 Sediment in frame parts 60

Index 65

5

6

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7

8

1 Safety Instructions

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The centrifugal separator includes parts that rotate at high speed. This means that:

• Kinetic energy is high

• Great forces are generated

• Stopping time is long

Manufacturing tolerances are extremely fine. Rotating parts are carefully balanced to reduce undesired vibrations that can cause a breakdown. Material properties have been considered carefully during design to withstand stress and fatigue.

The separator is designed and supplied for a specific separation duty (type of liquid, rotational speed, temperature, density etc.) and must not be used for any other purpose.

Incorrect operation and maintenance can result in unbalance due to build-up of sediment, reduction of material strength, etc., that subsequently could lead to serious damage and/or injury.

The following basic safety instructions therefore apply:

• Use the separator only for the purpose and parameter range specified by Alfa Laval.

• Strictly follow the instructions for installation, operation and maintenance.

• Ensure that personnel are competent and have sufficient knowledge of maintenance and operation, especially concerning emergency stopping procedures.

• Use only Alfa Laval genuine spare parts and the special tools supplied.

9

1 Safety Instructions

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DANGER

Disintegration hazards

• Use the separator only for the purpose and parameter range specified by Alfa Laval.

• If excessive vibration occurs, stop separator and keep bowl filled with liquid during rundown.

• When power cables are connected, always check direction of motor rotation. If incorrect, vital rotating parts could unscrew.

• Check that the gear ratio is correct for power frequency used. If incorrect, subsequent overspeed may result in a serious break down.

• Welding or heating of parts that rotate can seriously affect material strength.

• Wear on the large lock ring thread must not exceed safety limit. φ-mark on lock ring must not pass opposite φ-mark by more than specified distance.

• Inspect regularly for corrosion and erosion damage. Inspect frequently if process liquid is corrosive or erosive.

10

1 Safety Instructions

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DANGER

Entrapment hazards

• Make sure that rotating parts have come to a complete standstill before starting any dismantling work.

• To avoid accidental start, switch off and lock power supply before starting any dismantling work.

• Assemble the machine completely before start. All covers and guards must be in place.

Electrical hazards

• Follow local regulations for electrical installation and earthing (grounding).

WARNING

Crush hazards

• Use correct lifting tools and follow lifting instructions.

• Do not work under a hanging load.

Noise hazards

• Use ear protection in noisy environments.

11

1 Safety Instructions

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CAUTION

Burn hazards

• Lubrication oil and various machine surfaces can be hot and cause burns.

Cut hazards

• Sharp edges on separator discs and lock ring threads can cause cuts.

12

1 Safety Instructions

Warning signs in the text

Pay attention to the safety instructions in this manual. Below are definitions of the three grades of warning signs used in the text where there is a risk for injury to personnel.

DANGER

Type of hazard

This type of safety instruction indicates a situation which, if not avoided, could result in fatal injury or fatal damage to health.

WARNING

Type of hazard

This type of safety instruction indicates a situation which, if not avoided, could result in disabling injury or disabling damage to health.

CAUTION

Type of hazard

This type of safety instruction indicates a situation which, if not avoided, could result in light injury or light damage to health.

NOTE

This type of instruction indicates a situation which, if not avoided, could result in damage to the equipment.

13

1 Safety Instructions

14

2 Separator Basics

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Sedimentation by gravity

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21

Sedimentation in a settling tank, with the outlet making it possible to separate the liquid from the sediment

2.1 Basic principles of separation

2.1.1 Introduction

The purpose of separation can be:

• to free a liquid of solid particles,

• to separate two mutually insoluble liquids with different densities while removing any solids presents at the same time,

• to separate and concentrate solid particles from a liquid.

2.1.2 Separation by gravity

A liquid mixture in a stationary bowl will clear slowly as the heavy particles in the liquid mixture sink to the bottom under the influence of gravity.

Continuous separation and sedimentation can be achieved in a settling tank having inlet and outlet arranged according to the illustration.

Heavier particles in the liquid mixture will settle and form a sediment layer on the tank bottom.

15

2.1 Basic principles of separation 2 Separator Basics

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The centrifugal solution

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High viscosity (with low temperature)G

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121

Low viscosity (with high temperature)

2.1.3 Centrifugal separation

In a rapidly rotating bowl, the force of gravity is replaced by centrifugal force, which can be thousands of times greater.

Separation and sedimentation is continuous and happens very quickly.

The centrifugal force in the separator bowl can achieve in a few seconds what takes many hours in a tank under influence of gravity.

2.1.4 Separating temperatures

For some types of process liquids a high separating temperature will normally increase the separation capacity. The temperature influences viscosity and density and should be kept constant throughout the separation.

Viscosity

Low viscosity facilitates separation. Viscosity can be reduced by heating.

16

2 Separator Basics 2.1 Basic principles of separation

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1122

1

High density (with low temperature)

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21

Low density (with high temperature)

Density difference

The greater the density difference between the two liquids, the easier the separation. The density difference can be increased by heating.

17

2.2 Design and function 2 Separator Basics

G05

803

B1

1. In and outlet device2. Bowl3. Vertical driving device with bowl spindle4. Horizontal driving device5. Worm gear6. Frame feet7. Coupling8. Electric motor

201. Unseparated liquid inlet220. Separated liquid outlet

2.2 Design and function

2.2.1 Application

The VNPX 407SGP/SGT-34/SGP-34S separator is a high-speed centrifugal separator for wine and beer. It is a clarifier type of separator with partial discharge (SGP) or total discharge (SGT).

2.2.2 Overview

The separator comprises a processing part (the upper part) and a driving (bottom) part.

The driving part contains the power transmission: a motor (8) flanged to the frame, a horizontal drive shaft with a coupling (7), a worm gear (5) and a vertical bowl spindle (3), (all further described on next page).

The upper part consist of the in- & outlet device (1) for the liquid to separate and the bowl (2).

Inside the bowl, which rotates at a high speed, the liquid fed to the separator is cleaned from sedi-ment. The bowl also contains the discharge mechanism emptying the bowl from sediment.

The great forces created in the separator during operation are damped to the foundation by the frame feet.

The inlet for the liquid to separate and the sepa-rated liquid outlet is shown with connection num-bers in the illustration (201 & 220). The separator is also provided with connections for sediment outlet, supply of operating liquid. The connections are further described in the chapter Connection list in the Installation Manual.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

Never use the separator for separating other liquids or liquids with other characteristics than originally specified. If your requirements change, always consult Alfa Laval represent-ative before any changes are made.

18

2 Separator Basics 2.2 Design and function

G02

4643

1

1. Bowl spindle2. Top bearing and spring casing3. Worm wheel4. Worm5. Flexible coupling6. Worm wheel shaft

2.2.3 Mechanical power transmission

The main parts of the power transmission between motor and bowl are illustrated in the figure.

The electric motor rotates the bowl via the flexible coupling (5) and the worm gear (3, 4). The worm gear serves to adapt the bowl speed to the motor speed.

The friction coupling ensures a gentle start and acceleration and at the same time prevents overloading of the worm gear and motor.

The worm gear has a ratio which increases the bowl speed several times compared with the motor speed. For correct ratio see Technical data in the Installation Manual.

To reduce bearing wear and the transmission of bowl vibrations to the frame and foundation, the top bearing of the bowl spindle is mounted in a spring casing (2).

The worm wheel runs in a lubricating oil bath. The bearings on the spindle and the worm wheel shaft are lubricated by the oil splash produced by the rotating worm wheel.

19

2.2 Design and function 2 Separator Basics

G02

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11

The revolution counter should turn clockwise

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4632

1Applying (1) and releasing (2) of brake

2.2.4 Sensors and indicators

Cover interlocking switch

The separator is equipped with an interlocking switch. When the cover is closed the interlocking circuit in the control system is closed which makes it possible to start the separator.

Revolution counter

A revolution counter, which should turn clockwise during operation, indicates the speed of the separator and is driven from the worm wheel shaft. The correct speed is needed to achieve the best separating results and for reasons of safety. The number of revolutions on the revolution counter for correct speed is shown in chapter Technical data in the Installation Manual.

2.2.5 Brake

The separator is equipped with a brake to be used when stopping the separator. The use of the brake reduces the retardation time of the bowl and critical speeds will therefore be quickly passed.

The brake lining acts on the outside of the brake pulley.

20

2 Separator Basics 2.2 Design and function

hamber*losing water*

*

ice*pening water*chamber*

ttom*ee

27. Bowl body28. Small lock ring29. Rotating wear device30. Height adjusting ring31. Non-rotating sealing device**32. Ring**33. Height adjusting ring**

201. Unseparated liquid inlet220. Separated liquid outlet372. Discharge liquid inlet*376. Make-up liquid inlet*

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2.2.6 Process main parts

* Parts effecting a sediment discharge** Only fitted in hermetic designed separator (SGP)

1. In and outlet housing2. Inlet pipe3. Sleeve4. Paring disc5. Paring chamber6. Distributor7. Bowl hood8. Disc stack9. Large lock ring10. Cap nut11. Seal ring*12. Sludge port*13. Level ring**

14. Closing water c15. Drain channel/c16. Valve plug*17. Operating slide18. Spring*19. Spring holder*20. Paring disc dev21. Drain channel/o22. Opening water 23. Nozzle*24. Sliding bowl bo25. Sediment spac26. Distributing con

21

2.2 Design and function 2 Separator Basics

G06

310

11

Paring disc pump

Inlet and outlet device

The inlet and outlet device consists of the following parts:

• The inlet (201). This comprises the pipe bend and the long inlet pipe (2) which extends into the middle of the bowl.

• The outlet (220). This comprises the paring chamber (5) and the paring disc (4).

The paring disc serves as a stationary discharge pump. The paring disc dips radial into the rotating liquid which then is pared out.

To prevent aeration of the separated liquid it is important that the paring disc is covered to a certain extent, which is regulated by the back pressure of the liquid outlet.

The inlet and outlet device is held together by the inlet pipe threading which is fixed to the paring disc. O-rings seal the connections.

The outlet connection housing is fastened to the separator frame hood. Height adjusting rings (30) determine the height position of the paring disc in the paring chamber.

Separator bowl

The separator bowl with its sediment discharge mechanism is built-up as follows:

The bowl body (27) and bowl hood (7) are held together by the large lock ring (9). Inside the bowl are the distributing cone (26), the distributor (6) and the disc stack (8). The disc stack is kept compressed by the hood. The sliding bowl bottom (24) forms an internal separate bottom in the bowl.

For SGP models the bowl is equipped with a level ring (13) under the sliding bowl bottom which influence the discharge of sediment to a partial discharge, see next pages.

The bowl top is covered by the paring chamber cover, tightened with the small lock ring (28). The space between this cover and the disc stack (8) is the paring chamber (5) with the paring disc (4) which pumps the separated light liquid out of the bowl.

22

2 Separator Basics 2.2 Design and function

. Rotating wear deviceA. Wear ring. Three-way valve for axial seal water and

deaeration of product

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The sediment space (25) is the space between the sliding bowl bottom and the bowl hood in the bowl periphery. It is kept closed by the sliding bowl bottom which seals against a seal ring (11) in the bowl hood.

Sediment discharge mechanism

At intervals decided by the operator, the sliding bowl bottom drops to empty the bowl from sediment.

The sediment discharge mechanism, which controls the sliding bowl bottom, comprises an operating slide (17) and an operating liquid device. Passive parts are the level ring (13), the nozzle (22) and the drain valve plugs (16). The operating liquid device on the underside of the bowl supplies discharge and make-up liquids (372 & 376) to the discharge mechanism via the control paring disc (20).

Hermetic design

To make the connection of the inlet and outlet device in top of the bowl airtight (hermetic), it is equipped with an axial seal of mechanical type.

1. Non-rotating sealing device1A. Sealing element1B. Height adjusting ring

223

23

2.2 Design and function 2 Separator Basics

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31

A = Three-way valveB = Inlet for sealing liquid, separated liquidC= Inlet (630) for sealing liquid

The axial seal must be sufficiently lubricated.

During the starting and stopping periods, water (C) must be supplied through the three-way valve (A) at the same time as a back pressure must be created in the process liquid outlet.

During normal operation the axial seal is lubricated with separated liquid (B) through the three-way valve.

24

2 Separator Basics 2.2 Design and function

G0

786

161

302 -Connection for flushing liquid

2.2.7 Flushing

To avoid sediment deposits inside the bowl enclosure and sediment outlet, the separator is (or can be) equipped with several flushing possibilities. One spray nozzle is placed at the top of the separator (connection 302) to give a spray that hits the outside of the bowl. By the bowl rotation the liquid is thrown to the inside of the frame hood which then will be cleaned.

How to use the flushing possibilities depends on the process and the properties of the product. In many cases no flushing at all is needed. In other cases it is only done at CIP (cleaning in place) and in some cases both at production and CIP.

Normally flushing is done in connection with discharges. A typical sequence is that a few seconds flush is given to wet the surfaces just before the discharge. When the main part of the discharged sediment has drained, a new flush is done to remove the final part of the sediment. Possibly another flush can be done after a new draining period. If the separator is supervised by a control system which controls the flushing the timers ought to be adjustable so the flushing can be adapted to suit the actual requirements.

When making a flush it could be possible to feed flushing liquid to all flushing connections at the same time. To minimize the flushing liquid consumption and dilution of the discharged sediment it is however of advantage if the different flushing points could be controlled individually.

25

2.3 Separating function 2 Separator Basics

Liquid phase

Solids (sediment)

he liquid is continuously separated from the ediment as it travels towards the centre of the owl. When the liquid leaves the disc stack it ises upwards and enters the paring chamber 5). Then the liquid is pumped by the paring disc 4) and leaves the bowl through the outlet (220). eparated sediment, which is heavier than the

iquid to be separated, is forced towards the eriphery of the bowl and collected in the ediment space (25) outside the disc stack.

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1

2.3 Separating function

2.3.1 Normal separation

Centrifugal force

Bowl parts

Clarifier bowl (one liquid outlet)

The figures within brackets refer to the illustration on page 21.

Unseparated liquid is fed into the bowl through the inlet pipe (2) and is forced via the distributor (6) towards the periphery of the bowl.

When the liquid reaches slots in the base of the distributor, it will rise through the channels formed by the disc stack (8) where it is evenly distributed.

Tsbr((Slps

26

2 Separator Basics 2.3 Separating function

2.3.2 Sediment discharge cycle

The illustrations on the following pages, illustrating a sediment discharge cycle, are of a general nature and do not necessarily correspond exactly to the actual bowl.

There are two possibilities to conduct a discharge; partial - with level ringtotal - without level ring

The principles for a discharge described in this chapter are valid for a partial discharge. However for a total discharge the following are relevant;

1. Total discharge bowl has no level ring (13).

2. The feed must be off during discharge to reduce loss of liquid.

27

2.3 Separating function 2 Separator Basics

ation because of the centrifugal force. The ke-up liquid (376) exerts an upward pressure

ceeding the counter-acting downward pressure m the process liquid, because the underside of sliding bowl bottom has a larger pressure

rface (radius R1) than its upper side dius R2).

ke-up liquid is supplied at the underside of the wl through a paring disc device. Leakage or aporation of operating liquid is made up for tomatically by the paring disc, which maintains onstant make-up liquid level (radius R3), as its mping effect counter-balances the static ssure from the supply. During a partial ction, this feed of make-up liquid continues en during the ejection cycle described in the lowing illustrations.

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Make-up liquid (376)

Closed bowl (normal operation)

Discharge of the sediment takes place through a number of slots or ports in the bowl wall. Between discharges, these ports are closed by a large valve slide, the so-called the sliding bowl bottom (24), which constitutes an inner bottom in the separating space. The sliding bowl bottom is forced upwards against a seal ring (11) by the liquid force acting on its underside.

The operating slide (17) is pressed upwards by the springs (18) and the valve plugs (16) then cover the drain channels (15).

During rotation, the pressure of the liquid increases with the distance from the axis of

rotmaexfrothesu(ra

Maboevaua cpupreejeevfol

28

2 Separator Basics 2.3 Separating function

Discharge liquid (372)

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Bowl opens for partial discharge

Discharge liquid (372), which has a higher pressure than the make-up liquid, supplies for about 2 seconds. (This is enough to accomplish a discharge). The liquid flows above the paring chamber (radius R4) through a channel directly to the opening chamber (22) above the operating slide (17).

The increased pressure in the opening chamber overcomes the force from the springs (18) and the operating slide is pressed downwards. The valve plugs (16) open and the make-up liquid drains out via the drain channels (15).

Make-up liquid (376)

29

2.3 Separating function 2 Separator Basics

Discharge liquid (372)

e make-up liquid flowing from the space under sliding bowl bottom through the open drain

annels (15) is collected by the operating slide ) from where it is drained through channels ).

en the force under the sliding bowl bottom ps to a certain level, the contents of the bowl rts to discharge through the sediment ports ). The discharge continues until the force

erted by the bowl contents has been reduced that of the force exerted by the make-up liquid der the sliding bowl bottom. This results in a ed partial discharge of the sediment in the wl, the amount of which is dependent on the er diameter of the level ring. It is this inner meter that regulates the quantity of make-up

uid remaining and, subsequently, the upward ce on the sliding bowl bottom.

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Make-up liquid (376)

When the valve plugs (16) are opened, the make-up liquid will be drained and thereby the pressure will decrease.

For the partial discharge bowl the space under the sliding bowl bottom (24) is fitted with a level ring (13) which divides part of this space into an upper and a lower space. As the make-up liquid under the sliding bowl bottom moves outwards towards the opening chamber (22) above the operating slide (17), only the lower space will be emptied as the upper space has no exit for the liquid. The liquid remaining in this space exerts a predetermined force under the sliding bowl bottom which is lower than that required to hold the bowl closed during separation when the bowl is full.

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30

2 Separator Basics 2.3 Separating function

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Bowl closes after discharge

When the sediment space in the bowl has been emptied to a certain extent, the pressure exerted by the remaining contents of the bowl falls below the upward pressure exerted by the make-up liquid trapped between the level ring (13) and sliding bowl bottom (24). The latter is then pressed upwards against the seal ring (11) in the bowl hood. The bowl is now kept closed only by the trapped make-up liquid above the level ring (13).

The discharge liquid supply is off and the liquid in the opening liquid chamber (22) is drained through nozzle (23). The springs (18) move the operating slide (17) upwards and the drain channels (15) are closed by the drain valve plugs (16). The make-up liquid (376) is supplied and the increasing force from it rises the pressure on the sliding bowl bottom (24). The bowl closes completely and the sediment discharge cycle is ended.

Make-up liquid (376)

31

2.4 Factors influencing the separation result 2 Separator Basics

2 1

A

B

x

y

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1. Large particle2. Small particleA. Smooth particleB. Irregular particlex. Throughputy. Particle size

2.4 Factors influencing the separation result

2.4.1 Viscosity and density

See “‘‘2.1.4 Separating temperatures” on page 16”.

2.4.2 Size and shape of particles

The round and smooth sediment particle (A) is more easily separated out than the irregular one (B).

Rough treatment, for instance in pumps, may cause a splitting of the particles resulting in slower separation. Larger particles (1) are more easily separated out than smaller ones (2) even if they have the same density.

2.4.3 Properties of the sediment

Some types of sediment can through adhesion form deposits in the bowl, thereby reducing the separating efficiency. In such cases the cleaning procedure after separation must be adjusted.

2.4.4 Sediment content

An increased quantity of sediment in a process liquid will influence the separating result through the optimum transporting capacity of the disc set. An increased sediment content can be compensated by reducing the throughput in order to restore the optimum separating efficiency.

32

2 Separator Basics 2.4 Factors influencing the separation result

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Never overfill the sediment space

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2.4.5 Sediment discharge

With a high content of solids in the process liquid discharges are required at shorter intervals. An overfilled sediment space impairs the quality of the separated liquid. However, keep the discharge within the min. and max. time stated in chapter Technical data in the Installation Manual. How to calculate the discharge interval is described in ‘‘2.5 Sediment discharge interval” on page 35.

If ejecting the sediment unnecessary often, the separating result will be impaired because of a more disturbed liquid flow through the bowl and the sediment will be too fluid (higher content of process liquid).

2.4.6 Sediment discharge volume (with level ring)

For a partial discharge separator it is recommended that approx. 70% of the volume outside the disc stack should be discharged.

Because the separator bowl is equipped with a level ring the amount of the discharged volume can be increased so that some of the process liquid will escape with the sediment and act as flushing liquid.

To increase the discharged quantity of the sediment-liquid, the level ring has to be turned off to widen its inner diameter D.

Preferably do the turning in steps, e.g. 5-10 mm at a time until the desired discharged volume is obtained.

The edges must be smoothed after turning.

33

2.4 Factors influencing the separation result 2 Separator Basics

G06

7751

1

The sediment space in separator bowl

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41

It is important to set correct back pressure

2.4.7 Disc stack

A neglected disc stack – containing deformed discs or discs coated with deposits – will impair the separating result.

2.4.8 Throughput

The throughput depends on the separating ability and the sediment space volume of the bowl relative to the concentration, particle size, density and viscosity of the process liquid.

The throughput also depends of the back pressure in the outlet for separated liquid, see ‘‘2.4.9 Back pressure regulation” on page 34.

2.4.9 Back pressure regulation

The correct back pressure is dependent on the throughput of the process liquid. See chapter Technical data in the Installation Manual for required back pressure compared with the throughput.

For best result keep the back pressure as high as possible. Be careful not to select too high back pressure, otherwise there will be a risk of leakage from the distributor (unseparated process liquid) into the paring chamber (separated liquid) or from the paring chamber into the frame hood.

Too low back pressure is, however, unfavourable too if you want to prevent air from intermingling with the treated liquid (via the paring chamber).

34

2 Separator Basics 2.5 Sediment discharge interval

2.5 Sediment discharge interval

The SGT model of VNPX 407 is a total discharge type of separator.

The SGP model of VNPX 407 is a partial type of separator.

The appropriate time to be chosen between sediment discharges depends on local conditions because many factors influence accumulation and hardening of sediment between discharges. However, keep the discharge interval within the min. and max. time stated in chapter Technical data in the Installation Manual.

Long intervals between sediment discharges can cause accumulation and compaction of sediment. The sediment may then break-up unevenly on discharge and cause the bowl to become unbalanced. If such unbalance is too large, there is risk of serious separator damage and injury to personnel.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

Ensure that correct discharge intervals and cleaning procedures are used.

Unbalance due to improper washing out of solids may lead to contact between rotating and non-rotating parts.

35

2.5 Sediment discharge interval 2 Separator Basics

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11

1. Total sediment space volumeV. Allowed sediment volume

If the solids content of the process liquid expressed in per cent by volume of wet sediment is known or can be established (for instance in a test-tube centrifuge), the formula below can serve as a guidance for the selection of sediment ejection intervals.

t = Theoretic maximum time in minutes between two ejections.

p = Percent by volume of wet sediment in the process liquid.

Q = Throughput in litres/hour.

V = The sediment volume (in litres or dm3) which may be allowed to accumulate in the bowl without impairing the separating result or without packing too firmly. As a rule, “V” should be maximum three quarters of the sediment space volume, calculated from the outer edge of the top disc.

The sediment space volume for this separator, which approximately is the same as nominal discharge volume, can be found in the chapter Technical data in the Installation Manual.

36

2 Separator Basics 2.6 Definitions

tlet.

the intention of separating particles, normally lower density than the particles.

inlet/outlet and operating liquid device. Renewal nd operating liquid device.

parator, including bottom part (and activities ervice, if any). Renewal of seals and bearings in

at only a part of the total bowl volume is

rated liquid is on during the discharge.

rated liquid is off during the discharge.

d.

separator bowl.

the separator per time unit

ement.

2.6 DefinitionsBack pressure Pressure in the separator ou

Clarification Liquid/solids separation withsolids, from a liquid having a

Counter pressure See Back pressure.

Density Mass per volume unit.

Intermediate Service (IS)

Overhaul of separator bowl, of seals in bowl inlet/outlet a

Major Service (MS) Overhaul of the complete seincluded in an Intermediate Sbottom part.

Partial discharge A partial discharge means thdischarged.Normally the feed of unsepa

Total discharge Normally the feed of unsepa

Sediment Solids separated from a liqui

Sludge See Sediment

Sediment discharge Ejection of sediment from the

Throughput The feed of process liquid to

Viscosity Fluid resistance against mov

37

2.7 Machine plates and safety labels 2 Separator Basics

/SGT-34/SGP-34S

1 (50/60 Hz)

0 Hz), 7312 r/min. (60 Hz)

0 Hz), 1800 r/min. (60 Hz)

m3

G0

5493

21

S00

614

11

2.7 Machine plates and safety labels

Alfa Laval ref. 555817, rev. 1

1. Machine plate

Separator type VNPX 407SGP

Manufacturing serial No / Year XXXX

Product No 881109-03-04

Machine top part 7006867-82

In and outlet,VNPX 407SGP/SGT-34 7006857-82

In and outlet, VNPX 407SGP-34S 546290-01

Bowl, VNPX 407SGP-34S 7006863-90

Bowl, VNPX 407SGT-34 7006863-91

Bowl, VNPX 407SGP-34S 7006863-92

Machine bottom part 7007459-80/-8

Max. speed (bowl) 7269 r/min. (5

Direction of rotation (bowl) ←

Speed motor shaft 1500 r/min. (5

El. current frequency 50/60 Hz

Recommended motor power 11 kW

Max. density of feed/sediment 1100/1525 kg/

Max. density of operating liquid 1000 kg/m3

Process temperature min./max. -5/100 °C

38

2 Separator Basics 2.7 Machine plates and safety labels

S00

615

21S

006

3211

S00

688

2

50Hz

60HzS

0063

111

3. Safety label

Text on label:

DANGER

Read the instruction manuals before installation, operation and maintenance. Consider inspection intervals.

Failure to strictly follow instructions can lead to fatal injury.

If excessive vibration occurs, stop separator and keep bowl filled with liquid during rundown.

Out of balance vibration will become worse if bowl is not full.

Separator must stop rotating before any dismantling work is started.

4. Name plate

6. Arrow

Indicating direction of rotation of horizontal driving device.

8. Power supply frequency

39

2.7 Machine plates and safety labels 2 Separator Basics

40

3 Operating Instructions

G0

2620

11

Fill oil in the gear housing

3.1 Operating routineThese instructions are related only to the separator itself. The instructions are to a great extent based on the information given in chapter Interface description in the Installation Manual.

If the separator is a part of a system or module follow also the instructions for the system.

3.1.1 Before first start

Technical demands for connections and logical limitations for the separator is described in the following documents in the Installation Manual:

1. Technical data

2. Basic size drawing

3. Connection list

4. Interface description

5. Foundation drawing

Before first start the following check points shall be checked:

• Ensure the machine is installed correctly and that feed-lines and drains have been flushed clean.

• Fill oil in the gear housing. Fill up to slightly above the middle of the sightglass. Use the correct grade of oil. The separator is delivered without oil in the worm gear housing.

Oil volume: approx. 8 litres

Suitable oil brands can be found in chapter Recommended oil brands in the Service & Maintenance Manual.

41

3.1 Operating routine 3 Operating Instructions

S00

098

21

Check for leakages (not admitted)

G06

3962

1Check the oil level

G05

2011

1

Release the brake

3.1.2 Ready for start

To achieve the best separation results the bowl should be in a clean condition.

1. Check that the bolts of the frame hood are fully tightened.

2. Check that all inlet and outlet connections have been correctly made and properly tightened.

3. Check that the oil level is slightly above middle of the sight glass.

Be aware of that a very small quantity of oil may remain at the bottom edge of the sight glass even when the gear housing is emptied for oil.

Fill if necessary. See chapter Recommended oil brands in the Service & Maintenance Manual for a list of recommended oils.

4. Make sure that the brake is released.

5. For brewery applications. Check that flushing liquid (302) is available.

CAUTION

Burn hazards

Make sure that hose connections and flange couplings are properly assembled and tightened.

Escaping hot liquid can cause burns.

NOTE

During running the oil level should be slightly below the middle of the sight glass.

Too much or too little oil can damage the separating bearings.

42

3 Operating Instructions 3.1 Operating routine

G07

861

71

A = Three-way valve B = Inlet for sealing liquidC= Lower sight glass

G0

2462

11

The revolution counter should turn clockwise

S0

0688

21

The direction of rotation can also be checked by comparing the direction of motor fan and the arrow on the fixed plate on the motor

3.1.3 Start

Hermetic designed separator

1. Before starting the separator, open the three-way valve (A) to the axial seal water supply (B). Wait until the water flows out through the lower sight glass (C) before starting the separator.

Both types of separators

2. Start the separator

3. Check for correct direction of bowl rotation by checking that the direction of revolution counter is clockwise or that the direction of the motor fan corresponds to the arrow on the plate fixed on the motor.

NOTE

To reduce the friction between sealing element and wear ring in the mechanical seal, these parts must always be in contact with liquid when the bowl rotates.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

When power cables have been connected, always check direction of rotation. If incorrect, vital rotating parts could unscrew.

43

3.1 Operating routine 3 Operating Instructions

S0

0556

11

Check for vibration

S0

0096

21

The current increases when the coupling engages...

S00

096

31

... and then decreases to a stable value when full speed has been reached

4. Check the separator for vibration. Some vibration can occur for short periods during the starting cycle, when the separator passes through its critical speeds. This is normal and passes without danger. Try to learn the vibration characteristics of the critical speed pattern.

In the trouble-tracing chapter ‘‘4.2.3 Separator vibrates” on page 52, a number of causes are described that can create vibration.

5. Check, if possible, the current drawn by the motor starter to ensure that the separator has reached full speed.

During start, the ammeter reaches a peak and then drops slowly to a low and stable level, which is the normal current during operation.

The time to reach full speed may not exceed the limit given in chapter Technical data in the Installation Manual.

6. When running normally, open the make-up liquid valve (connection 376) to close the bowl. To make sure that the bowl get properly closed, initiate a sediment discharge cycle.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

When excessive vibration occurs, keep bowl filled and stop separator.

The cause of the vibration must be identified and rectified before the separator is restarted. Excessive vibration may be due to incorrect assembly or insufficient cleaning of the bowl.

44

3 Operating Instructions 3.1 Operating routine

G07

861

51

In and outlets of the separator

3.1.4 Running

1. Make sure that the outlet for the separated liquid (220) is fully open.

2. When the process liquid conditions are correct, open the process liquid feed (201) and adjust to a suitable throughput. This must not exceed the flow permissible and must be suited to the separability of the process liquid.

A limitation for the throughput can sometimes be the amount of sediment in the feed. The time between two discharges must be at least one minute.

3. For a hermetic designed separator, turn off the seal water supply (connection 630).

4. Check the separator inlet and outlet pressures.

Adjust the outlet pressure (back pressure) to about 150 kPa.

For permissible pressures, temperatures and flows, see chapter Connection list in the Installation Manual.

NOTE

Correct flows, pressures etc. for the connections mentioned below can be found in chapter Connection list in the Installation Manual.

45

3.1 Operating routine 3 Operating Instructions

S0

0098

21

Check for leakages (not admitted)

5. Make sediment discharges at applicable intervals.

The discharge interval must be adjusted according to the solid contents in the feed. See ‘‘2.5 Sediment discharge interval” on page 35 how to calculate the discharge interval. Keep the discharge interval within the values given in the Installation Manual chapter Technical data.

6. Daily condition checks

The following steps should be carried out daily:

a. Check all pipe and hose connections for leakage.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

Ensure that correct discharge intervals and cleaning procedures are used.

Unbalance due to improper washing out of solids may lead to contact between rotating and non-rotating parts.

CAUTION

Burn and corrosive hazards

Make sure that hose connections and flange couplings are not leaking.

Escaping hot and/or corrosive liquid can cause skin injuries.

46

3 Operating Instructions 3.1 Operating routine

S00

5561

1

Check for vibration

G0

262

011

Check that the oil level is slightly below the middle

b. Check that flows and pressures are sufficient for following connections:

- Process liquid inlet (201)

- Process liquid outlet (220)

- Flushing liquid (302)

- Discharge and make-up liquids (372 & 376)

c. Check the separator for noise and vibration.

d. Check the oil level in gear housing.

Fill if necessary. See chapter Lubricants in the Service & Maintenance Manual for a list of recommended oils.

NOTE

Correct flows, pressures etc. for the connections mentioned can be found in chapter Connection list in the Installation Manual.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

When excessive vibration occurs, keep bowl filled and stop separator.

The cause of the vibration must be identified and rectified before the separator is restarted.

NOTE

During running the oil level should be slightly below the middle of the sight glass.

Too much or too little oil can damage the separator bearings.

47

3.1 Operating routine 3 Operating Instructions

G05

2012

1

3.1.5 Cleaning (before stop)

1. Replace the feed of process liquid with water.

2. For a hermetic designed separator, first supply axial seal water before interrupting the feed.

3. Open the flushing liquid (302).

4. Empty the separator bowl totally from solids before stopping it. If not cleaning by CIP, a manual cleaning has to be done before next start. Discharge repeatedly until solids no longer remains in the bowl. The bowl must be filled with liquid during the discharges.

5. Close the supply of flushing liquid (302)

3.1.6 Normal stop

1. After the discharges and flushing, supply liquid to the bowl and stop the separator with the bowl filled.

2. Apply the brake.

3. Shut off the discharge and make-up liquids (372 & 376).

NOTE

Clean the separator by a CIP procedure or manually as described below before stopping it.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

The bowl must always be filled with liquid during the run-down period to prevent excessive vibration if there is uneven sediment accumulation in the bowl.

Never discharge the separator during the run-down period.

48

3 Operating Instructions 3.1 Operating routine

G0

246

221

The revolution counter indicates if the separator still is rotating. It is also possible to check the motor fan if the separator is rotating or not.

S00

099

11

Push the emergency stop if excessive vibration

4. When the bowl has stopped rotating, switch off the power supply.

3.1.7 Emergency stop

1. If the separator begins to vibrate excessively during operation, stop it immediately by switching off the separator motor, e.g. by pushing the emergency stop button.

Keep the bowl filled during the run-down to minimize the excessive vibration.

2. Evacuate the room. The separator may be hazardous when passing its critical speeds during the run-down.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

Do not discharge a vibrating separator.

Out-of-balance vibration can become worse if only part of the sediment is discharged.

CAUTION

Disintegration hazards

After a emergency stop the cause of the fault must be identified.

If all parts have been checked and the cause remains unclear, contact Alfa Laval for advice.

49

3.1 Operating routine 3 Operating Instructions

50

4 Trouble-tracing

orrective actions

one

elease the brake

heck oil level and add oil if necessary

epair/renew the motor

ee ‘‘4.2.8 Starting time too long” on page 54

enew

orrective actions

djust, see ‘‘2.4.9 Back pressure regulation” on age 34

heck oil level and add oil if necessary

top the separator, measure and adjust the eight

djust the play

enew worm wheel and worm

enew

4.1 IntroductionIf the separator has been installed as a part of a processing system, first study the trouble-tracing part (if any) in the system documentation. If the problem is not solved, continue with this chapter.

4.2 Mechanical functions

4.2.1 Smell

4.2.2 Noise

Cause C

Normal occurrence during start while the friction blocks are slipping

N

Brake is applied R

Oil level in gear housing is too low C

Motor failure R

Starting time too long S

Bearing is damaged R

Cause C

Too high or too low back pressure Ap

Oil level in gear housing is too low C

Height adjustment of the outlet paring disc is incorrect

Sh

Incorrect play between coupling and electric motor

A

Worm wheel and worm are worn R

Bearing is damaged or worn R

51

4.2 Mechanical functions 4 Trouble-tracing

topping sequences when the separator

and keep bowl filled with liquid during

corrected before the separator is restarted. mbly or poor cleaning of the bowl.

orrective actions

top the separator, measure and if necessary djust the height

ismantle and clean the separator bowl

ismantle the separator and check the ssembly and cleaning.heck the number of bowl discs, compare with e number in Spare Parts Catalogue. If ecessary, rebalance the bowl.

enew the bowl spindle

enew

enew all springs

enew all rubber cushion

4.2.3 Separator vibrates

NOTE

Some vibration is normal during the starting and spasses through its critical speed.

DANGER

Disintegration hazards

When excessive vibration occurs, stop separatorrundown.

The cause of the vibration must be identified and Excessive vibration may be due to incorrect asse

Cause C

Height adjustment of the outlet paring disc is incorrect

Sa

Uneven sediment deposits in the sediment space

D

Bowl out of balance due to:- poor cleaning- incorrect assembly- incorrect disc stack compression- bowl assembled with parts from other separators

DaCthn

Bowl spindle bent (max 0,04 mm) R

Bearing is damaged or worn R

Springs for top bearing are damaged or worn out

R

Vibration damping rubber cushions are worn out

R

52

4 Trouble-tracing 4.2 Mechanical functions

orrective actions

top immediately and check that the number of riction blocks suit the power supply frequency

heck the rating plate on motor / change motor

orrective actions

elease the brake

top the flow

hange electrical phase connections to the otor

heck the rating plate on motor / change motor

top immediately and check that the number of riction blocks suit the power supply frequency

orrective actions

− -Reduce the back pressure

− -Reduce the feed flow

− -Check the sediment discharge system

− -Renew O-rings and sealings

4.2.4 Starting current too low

4.2.5 Starting current too high

4.2.6 Current during operation too high

Cause C

Incorrect number of friction blocks (two blocks for 60 Hz power supply and three for 50 Hz)

Sf

Motor not applicable for actual voltage/frequency

C

Cause C

Brake is applied R

Liquid flows through bowl S

Wrong direction of rotation Cm

Motor not applicable for actual voltage/frequency

C

Incorrect number of friction blocks (two blocks for 60 Hz power supply and three for 50 Hz)

Sf

Cause C

Bowl is leaking

53

4.2 Mechanical functions 4 Trouble-tracing

orrective actions

elease the brake

lean or renew friction pads

djust the back pressure

ismantle the bowl and check

top and change the gear transmission to suit e power supply frequency

epair/renew the motor

enew

orrective actions

enew or clean friction pads

elease the brake

ry to close the bowl / stop the flow

top, check and adjust the height

epair/renew the motor

enew

orrective actions

enew or clean friction pad

4.2.7 Speed too low

4.2.8 Starting time too long

4.2.9 Stopping time too long

Cause C

Brake is applied R

Coupling friction pads are oily or worn C

Too high back pressure A

Bowl is leaking or not closed D

Incorrect gear transmission (60 Hz gear for 50 Hz power supply)

Sth

Motor failure R

Bearing is damaged R

Cause C

Coupling friction pads are oily or worn R

Brake is applied R

Liquid flows through bowl T

Height position of outlet paring disc is incorrect S

Motor failure R

Bearing is damaged or worn R

Cause C

Brake friction pad is worn or oily R

54

4 Trouble-tracing 4.2 Mechanical functions

orrective actions

lean the casing and the drains properly. The rains have connection Nos. 462 and 463 on

he Basic size drawing, which can be found in he Installation Manual.olve the reason for obstruction.lean worm gear housing and change oil.

− -Clogged drain for frame (connection 462)

− -Renew seal ring and change oil

lean worm gear housing and change oil

4.2.10 Water in worm gear housing

Cause C

Bowl casing drain is obstructed CdttSC

Leakage at top bearing

Condensation C

55

4.3 Separating functions 4 Trouble-tracing

orrective actions

djust, see ‘‘2.4.9 Back pressure regulation” on age 34

djust

djust

educe the time between discharges

ee ‘‘4.3.9 Bowl clogged with sediment’’

xamine the motor and power transmission cluding gear ratio, see ‘‘4.2.7 Speed too low’’

lean the disc stack‘‘4.3.9 Bowl clogged with ediment’’

orrective actions

heck the liquid supply

djust the setting time

heck the discharge liquid pressure/flow;djust according to values given in chapter onnection list in the Installation Manual

lean the nozzle. Carry out an Intermediate ervice (IS)

enew the seal ring. Carry out an Intermediate ervice (IS)

enew the seal rings

4.3 Separating functions

4.3.1 Unsatisfactory separation result

4.3.2 Bowl fails to open for sediment discharge

Cause C

Too high or too low back pressure Ap

Incorrect separation temperature A

Throughput is too high A

Too long time between discharges R

Sediment space in bowl is filled S

Bowl speed is too low Ein

Bowl disc stack is clogged Cs

Cause C

Operating liquid supply is obstructed C

Too short water pulse time for opening the bowl A

Discharge liquid pressure/flow is too low CaC

Nozzle in the bowl body is clogged CS

Seal ring in the operating slide is defective (operating slide does not move)

RS

Seal rings in operating liquid device are defective

R

56

4 Trouble-tracing 4.3 Separating functions

orrective actions

lean the strainer

heck the operating liquid system and check unction of the operating liquid valve(s)

heck the operating liquid system and make ure the valve(s) are open

orrect

lean the nozzle. Carry out an Intermediate ervice (IS)

enew the rectangular ring. Carry out an ntermediate Service (IS)

enew all plugs. Carry out an Intermediate ervice (IS)

ectify the leak

lean the operating slide

enew the seal ring

orrective actions

djust the setting time

heck the discharge liquid pressure/flow;djust according to values given in chapter onnection list in the Installation Manual

lean the nozzle. Carry out an Intermediate ervice (IS)

enew with correct valve plugs

heck and clean the operating system

4.3.3 Bowl opens accidentally during operation

4.3.4 Unsatisfactory sediment discharge

Cause C

Strainer in the operating liquid supply is clogged

C

Leaking operating liquid valve Cf

No liquid in the operating liquid system Cs

Liquid connections to the separator are incorrectly fitted

C

Nozzle in the bowl body is clogged CS

Rectangular ring in sliding bowl bottom is defective

RI

Valve plugs in the operating slide are defective RS

Supply valve for make-up liquid is leaking R

Sediment deposits on the operating slide C

Seal ring in operating slide is defective R

Cause C

Too short water pulse time for opening the bowl A

Discharge liquid pressure/flow is too low CaC

Nozzle in the bowl body is clogged CS

Valve plugs in the operating slide are worn or too high

R

Sediment deposits in the operating system C

57

4.3 Separating functions 4 Trouble-tracing

orrective actions

one (normal)

heck / adjust the pressure

heck make-up liquid pressure/flow,djust according to values given in chapter onnection list in the Installation Manual

lean the operating liquid system

enew the O-rings / seal rings

enew the gasket

enew the paring chamber cover

enew the seal ring

moothen sealing edge of the sliding bowl ottom or renew it

ismantle and check

enew the springs

enew all valve plugs

enew the seal ring

ee ‘‘4.2.7 Speed too low’’

educe the outlet back pressure to reduce the ow rate

4.3.5 Liquid flows through the bowl casing drain and/or sediment outlet

Cause C

Sediment discharge or liquid draining in progress

N

Flow from liquid seal water. Pressure too high. C

The make-up liquid line is obstructed or the liquid pressure/flow is too low or too high

CaC

Channels in operating liquid system are clogged

C

Defective O-rings and / or seal rings in the operating liquid device or bowl are defective

R

Gasket under the paring chamber cover is defective

R

Paring chamber cover is defective R

Seal ring in the bowl hood is defective R

Sealing edge of the sliding bowl bottom is defective

Sb

Operating slide of bowl jams due to poor lubrication, defective seal ring, burrs or deformation

D

Operating slide springs are defective R

Valve plugs in the operating slide are defective R

Sliding bowl bottom jams - seal ring is defective R

Bowl speed too low S

Overflow from paring chamber cover Rfl

58

4 Trouble-tracing 4.3 Separating functions

orrective actions

− -Prolong the discharge interval.

− -Check the self-triggering system.

djust the back pressure

ee ‘‘4.3.5 Liquid flows through the bowl asing drain and/or sediment outlet’’

orrective actions

djust

pen the valve(s) and adjust according to alues given in chapter Connection list in the nstallation Manual.

orrective actions

ncrease the back pressure, see chapter onnection list in the Installation Manual

enew the paring disc

ncrease the feed pressure

4.3.6 Too much process liquid in sediment

4.3.7 High pressure in clean liquid outlet

4.3.8 Air intermingles with the cleaned liquid

Cause C

Discharge interval is too short

Too high back pressure A

Bowl is leaking Sc

Cause C

Throughput is too high A

Valve(s) in clean liquid outlet line is throttled too much or closed

OvI

Cause C

Back pressure in the clean liquid outlet is too low

IC

Outlet paring disc is defective R

Negative pressure in feed line I

59

4.3 Separating functions 4 Trouble-tracing

orrective actions

ischarge more frequently

emove large particles from feed before ntering the separator inlet

educe the feed rate

− Clean the frame and shorten the interval between discharges.

− Flush the sediment cover during the discharge cycle

− No flushing liquid (302) is available

mpty the sediment tank and clean the bowl asing in frame

orrective actions

lean the frame and shorten the interval etween discharges

4.3.9 Bowl clogged with sediment

4.3.10 Sediment in frame parts

Cause C

Sediment is too viscous D

Too large particles in the feed or defective strainer (if any)

Re

Too high flow rate with high sediment content in feed

R

Frame is filled with sediment

Sediment tank is overfilled Ec

Cause C

Frame is filled with sediment Cb

60

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SKEL, S-147 80 Tumba, Sweden.

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64

Index

A

Axial seal (hermetic design) 23

B

BrakeDescription 20

C

Centrifugal separation 15Clarifier

Definition 37Cleaning before stop 48Coupling

Function 18, 19Cover interlocking switch 20Cover interlocking switch (option)

Description 20

D

Daily checks 46Definitions 37Discharge interval 35Discharge system

Discharge cycle 27Drawings

Machine plates and safety labels 38

E

Emergency stop 49

F

Flushing 25Friction coupling 19

I

InstallationCheck points 41

InterfaceDefinition 37

L

Liquid flows through bowl casing drain 56Lubricants

Before first start 41

M

Machine plates and safety labels 38Main parts 18

N

Noise 51

O

Operation 41

P

Power transmission 19

R

Ready for start 42Revolution counter 20Running-up procedure 45

S

Safety Instructions 9Sediment discharge 33Sediment discharge cycle 27Sediment discharge interval 35Sediment discharge volume 33Sensors and indicators

Cover interlocking switch 20Revolution counter 20

SeparationBasic principles 15Discharge cycle 27Discharge interval 35Factors influencing the separation result 32Process main parts 21Sediment discharge 33Sediment discharge volume 33Separating function 26Separating function - trouble tracing 56Separating temperatures 16

65

SeparatorEmergency stop 49Main parts 21Mechanical power transmission 19Normal stop 48Overview 18Ready for start 42Running 45Sensors and indicators 20Separating function 26Start 43

Smell 51Speed too low 54Start

Before first start 41Normal running-up 43

Starting current too high 53Starting current too low 53Starting time too long 54Stopping procedure 48Stopping time too long 54

T

ThroughputDefinition 37

Troble tracing - separating functionsSediment in frame parts 60

Trouble tracing - mechanical functionsCurrent during operation too high 53Noise 51Separator vibrates 52Smell 51Speed too low 54Starting current too high 53Starting current too low 53Starting time too long 54Stopping time too long 54Water in worm gear housing 55

Trouble tracing - separating functionsAir intermingles with cleaned liquid 59Bowl clogged with sediment 60Bowl fails to open 56Bowl opens accidentally 57High pressure in clean liquid outlet 59Liquid flows through bowl casing drain/sediment outlet 58Too much process liquid in sediment 59Unsatisfactory sediment discharge 57Unsatisfactory separation result 56

V

VibrationDuring start 43Emergency stop 49

Viscosity and densityDescription 16

W

Warning signs 13Water in worm gear housing 55Worm gear

Function and description 19

66