Automobile Ind in India

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Automotive industry in India 1

Automotive industry in India

Mahindra Scorpio, one of India's best selling

indigenously developed SUV.

Foreign carmakers have built plants in India.

Shown here is an Indian-assembled A4

The Tata Nano - the cheapest car made in India

The automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world

and one of the fastest growing globally. India's passenger car and

commercial vehicle manufacturing industry is the seventh largest in the

world, with an annual production of more than 3.7 million units in

2010.[1] According to recent reports, India is set to overtake Brazil to

become the sixth largest passenger vehicle producer in the world,

growing 16-18 per cent to sell around three million units in the course

of 2011-12.[2] In 2009, India emerged as Asia's fourth largest exporter

of passenger cars, behind Japan, South Korea, and Thailand.[3]

As of 2010, India is home to 40 million passenger vehicles. More than

3.7 million automotive vehicles were produced in India in 2010 (an

increase of 33.9%), making the country the second fastest growing

automobile market in the world.[4][5]

According to the Society ofIndian Automobile Manufacturers, annual vehicle sales are projected to

increase to 5 million by 2015 and more than 9 million by 2020. [6] By

2050, the country is expected to top the world in car volumes with

approximately 611 million vehicles on the nation's roads.[7]

The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is based around

three clusters in the south, west and north. The southern cluster near

Chennai is the biggest with 35% of the revenue share. The western hub

near Maharashtra is 33% of the market. The northern cluster is

primarily Haryana with 32%.[8] Chennai, is also referred to as the

" Detroit of India"[9] with the India operations of Ford, Hyundai,

Renault and Nissan headquartered in the city and BMW having an

assembly plant on the outskirts. Chennai accounts for 60% of the

country's automotive exports.[10] Gurgaon and Manesar in Haryana

form the northern cluster where the country's largest car manufacturer,

Maruti Suzuki, is based.[11] The Chakan corridor near Pune,

Maharashtra is the western cluster with companies like General

Motors, Volkswagen, Skoda, Mahindra and Mahindra, Tata Motors,

Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Fiat and Force Motors[12][13] having

assembly plants in the area. Aurangabad with Audi, Skoda and

Volkswagen also forms part of the western cluster. Another emerging cluster is in the state of Gujarat with

manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol and further planned for Tata Nano at Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki

and Peugeot-Citroen plants are also set to come up in Gujarat.[14] Kolkatta with Hindustan Motors, Noida with

Honda and Bangalore with Toyota are some of the other automotive manufacturing regions around the

country.[15][16][17]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Kirloskar_Motor_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Siel_Cars_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Noidahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kolkattahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Peugeot-Citroenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Nanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Halolhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skoda_Auto_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aurangabad%2C_Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat_Automobiles_India_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_and_Mahindrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skoda_Auto_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chakanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haryanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Manesarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gurgaonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Motor_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Motor_India_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Detroithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Haryanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indian_Road_Networkhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Thailandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Koreahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automotive_industryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ATata_Nano_im_Verkehrszentrum_des_Deutschen_Museums.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Nanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AAudi_aurangabad.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_A4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMahindraScorpio_Cropped.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Scorpio


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OverviewThe Indian Automobile Industry manufactures over 11 million vehicles and exports about 1.5 million each year. [18]

The dominant products of the industry are two-wheelers with a market share of over 75% and passenger cars with a

market share of about 16%.[18] Commercial vehicles and three-wheelers share about 9% of the market between them.

About 91% of the vehicles sold are used by households and only about 9% for commercial purposes.[18] The industry

has a turnover of more than USD $35 billion and provides direct and indirect employment to over 13 millionpeople.[18]???

The supply chain is similar to the supply chain of the automotive industry in Europe and America.

Interestingly, the level of trade exports in this sector in India has been medium and imports have been low. However,

this is rapidly changing and both exports and imports are increasing. The demand determinants of the industry are

factors like affordability, product innovation, infrastructure and price of fuel. Also, the basis of competition in the

sector is high and increasing, and its life cycle stage is growth. With a rapidly growing middle class, all the

advantages of this sector in India are yet to be leveraged.

With a high cost of developing production facilities, limited accessibility to new technology, and increasing

competition, the barriers to enter the Indian Automotive sector are high. On the other hand, India has awell-developed tax structure. The power to levy taxes and duties is distributed among the three tiers of Government.

The cost structure of the industry is fairly traditional, but the profitability of motor vehicle manufacturers has been

rising over the past five years. Major players, like Tata Motors and Maruti Suzuki have material cost of about 80%

but are recording profits after tax of about 6% to 11%. [18]

The level of technology change in the Motor vehicle Industry has been high but, the rate of change in technology has

been medium. Investment in the technology by the producers has been high. System-suppliers of integrated

components and sub-systems have become the order of the day. However, further investment in new technologies

will help the industry be more competitive. Over the past few years, the industry has been volatile. Currently, India's

increasing per capita disposable income which is expected to rise by 106% by 2015[18] and growth in exports is

playing a major role in the rise and competitiveness of the industry.Tata Motors is leading the commercial vehicle segment with a market share of about 64%. [18] Maruti Suzuki is

leading the passenger vehicle segment with a market share of 46%.[18] Hyundai Motor India and Mahindra and

Mahindra are focusing expanding their footprint in the overseas market. Hero Honda Motors is occupying over 41%

and sharing 26%[18] of the two-wheeler market in India with Bajaj Auto. Bajaj Auto in itself is occupying about 58%

of the three-wheeler market.

Consumers are very important of the survival of the Motor Vehicle manufacturing industry. In 2008-09, customer

sentiment dropped, which burned on the augmentation in demand of cars. Steel is the major input used by

manufacturers and the rise in price of steel is putting a cost pressure on manufacturers and cost is getting transferred

to the end consumer. The price of oil and petrol affect the driving habits of consumers and the type of car they buy.

The key to success in the industry is to improve labour productivity, labour flexibility, and capital efficiency. Having

quality manpower, infrastructure improvements, and raw material availability also play a major role. Access to latest

and most efficient technology and techniques will bring competitive advantage to the major players. Utilising

manufacturing plants to optimum level and understanding implications from the government policies are the

essentials in the Automotive Industry of India.

Both, Industry and Indian Government are obligated to intervene the Indian Automotive industry. The Indian

government should facilitate infrastructure creation, create favourable and predictable business environment, attract

investment and promote research and development. The role of Industry will primarily be in designing and

manufacturing products of world-class quality establishing cost competitiveness and improving productivity in

labour and in capital. With a combined effort, the Indian Automotive industry will emerge as the destination ofchoice in the world for design and manufacturing of automobiles.
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HistoryThe first car ran on India's roads in 1897. Until the 1930s, cars were imported directly, but in very small numbers.

Embryonic automotive industry emerged in India in the 1940s. Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two

brothers as a trading company in 1945, and began assembly of Jeep CJ-3A utility vehicles under license from

Willys.[19] The company soon branched out into the manufacture of light commercial vehicles (LCVs) and

agricultural tractors.[20]

Following the independence, in 1947, the Government of India and the private sector launched efforts to create an

automotive component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry. However, the growth was

relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s due to nationalisation and the license raj which hampered the Indian private

sector. After 1970, the automotive industry started to grow, but the growth was mainly driven by tractors,

commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars were still a major luxury. Japanese manufacturers entered the Indian market

ultimately leading to the establishment of Maruti Udyog. A number of foreign firms initiated joint ventures with

Indian companies.[21]

In the 1980s, a number of Japanese manufacturers launched joint-ventures for building motorcycles and light

commercial-vehicles. It was at this time that the Indian government chose Suzuki for its joint-venture to manufacturesmall cars. Following the economic liberalisation in 1991 and the gradual weakening of the license raj, a number of

Indian and multi-national car companies launched operations. Since then, automotive component and automobile

manufacturing growth has accelerated to meet domestic and export demands.[21]

Following economic liberalization in India in 1991, the Indian automotive industry has demonstrated sustained

growth as a result of increased competitiveness and relaxed restrictions. Several Indian automobile manufacturers

such as Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki and Mahindra and Mahindra, expanded their domestic and international

operations. India's robust economic growth led to the further expansion of its domestic automobile market which has

attracted significant India-specific investment by multinational automobile manufacturers.[22] In February 2009,

monthly sales of passenger cars in India exceeded 100,000 units[23] and has since grown rapidly to a record monthly

high of 182,992 units in October 2009.[24] From 2003 to 2010, car sales in India have progressed at a CAGR of13.7%, and with only 10% of Indian households owning a car in 2009 (whereas this figure reaches 80% in

Switzerland for example)[25] this progression is unlikely to stop in the coming decade.[26] Congestion of Indian

roads, more than market demand, will likely be the limiting factor.[27]

SIAM is the apex industry body representing all the vehicle manufacturers, home-grown and international, in

India.[28]

Industry DefinitionThis class consists of units mainly engaged in manufacturing motor vehicles or motor vehicle engines.

Products and ServicesThe primary activities of this industry are:

Motor cars manufacturing Motor vehicle engine manufacturing

The major products and services in this industry are:

Passenger motor vehicle manufacturing segment (Passenger Cars, Utility Vehicles & Multi Purpose Vehicles)

Commercial Vehicles (Medium & Heavy and Light Commercial Vehicles) Two Wheelers Three Wheelers
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Society_of_Indian_Automobile_Manufacturershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Automobile_manufacturershttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_development_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_and_Mahindrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Economic_liberalization_in_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Liberalisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Small_carhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Motorcycleshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Japanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=License_rajhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nationalisationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Private_sectorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Government_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Independence_of_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tractorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Light_commercial_vehiclehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Willyshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Licensehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeep_CJhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_%26_Mahindra_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=India


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Supply Chain of Automobile IndustryThe supply chain of automotive industry in India is very similar to the supply chain of the automotive industry in

Europe and America. The orders of the industry arise from the bottom of the supply chain i. e., from the consumers

and goes through the automakers and climbs up until the third tier suppliers. However the products, as channelled in

every traditional automotive industry, flow from the top of the supply chain to reach the consumers. Automakers in

India are the key to the supply chain and are responsible for the products and innovation in the industry.The description and the role of each of the contributors to the supply chain are discussed below.

Third Tier Suppliers: These companies provide basic products like rubber, glass, steel, plastic and aluminium to the

second tier suppliers.

Second Tier Suppliers: These companies design vehicle systems or bodies for First Tier Suppliers and OEMs. They

work on designs provided by the first tier suppliers or OEMs. They also provide engineering resources for detailed

designs. Some of their services may include welding, fabrication, shearing, bending etc.

First Tier Suppliers: These companies provide major systems directly to assemblers. These companies have global

coverage to follow their customers to various locations around the world. They design and innovate to provide

"black-box" solutions for the requirements of their customers. Black-box solutions are solutions created by suppliersusing their own technology to meet the performance and interface requirements set by assemblers.

First tier suppliers are responsible not only for the assembly of parts into complete units like dashboard,

breaks-axle-suspension, seats, or cockpit but also for the management of second-tier suppliers.

Automakers/Vehicle Manufacturers/Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs): After researching consumers'

wants and needs, automakers begin designing models which are tailored to consumers' demands. The design process

normally takes five years. These companies have manufacturing units where engines are manufactured and parts

supplied by first tier suppliers and second tier suppliers are assembled. Automakers are the key to the supply chain of

the automotive industry. Examples of these companies are Tata Motors, Maruti Suzuki, Toyota, and Honda.

Innovation, design capability and branding are the main focus of these companies.

Dealers: Once the vehicles are ready they are shipped to the regional branch and from there, to the authorised dealers

of the companies. The dealers then sell the vehicles to the end customers.

Parts and Accessory: These companies provide products like tires, windshields, and air bags etc. to automakers and

dealers or directly to customers.

Service Providers: Some of the services to the customers include servicing of vehicles, repairing parts, or financing

of vehicles. Many dealers provide these services but, customers can also choose to go to independent service

providers.

Key statisticsThe production of automobiles has greatly increased in the last decade. It passed the 1 million mark during

2003-2004 and has more than doubled since.[29]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air_bagshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Windshieldshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tireshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brandinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Design_capabilityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Innovationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cockpithttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Breaks-axle-suspensionhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dashboardhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bendinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shearinghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fabricationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Welding


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Year Car Production % Change Commercial % Change Total Vehicles Prodn. % Change

2010 2,814,584 29.39 722,199 54.86 3,536,783 33.89

2009 2,175,220 17.83 466,330 -4.10 2,641,550 13.25

2008 1,846,051 7.74 486,277 -9.99 2,332,328 3.35

2007 1,713,479 16.33 540,250 -1.20 2,253,999 10.39

2006 1,473,000 16.53 546,808 50.74 2,019,808 19.36

2005 1,264,000 7.27 362,755 9.00 1,628,755 7.22

2004 1,178,354 29.78 332,803 31.25 1,511,157 23.13

2003 907,968 28.98 253,555 32.86 1,161,523 22.96

2002 703,948 7.55 190,848 19.24 894796 8.96

2001 654,557 26.37 160,054 -43.52 814611 1.62

2000 517,957 -2.85 283,403 -0.58 801360 -2.10

1999 533,149 285,044 818193

Year 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009

Motor Vehicle Production[18] 8,467,853 9,743,503 11,087,997 10,853,930 11,175,479

Industry Revenue USD Million[18] 24,379 26,969 30,507 32,383 33,342*

Exports (Units)[18] 629,544 806,222 1,011,529 1,238,333 1,530,660

Exports (Revenue)[18] 1,915 2,231 2,552 3,008 3,718*

Automobile Production

Type of Vehicle 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009 2009-2010

Passenger Vehicles[18] 1,209,876 1,309,300 1,545,223 1,777,583 1,838,697

Commercial Vehicles[18] 353,703 391,083 519,982 549,006 417,126

Three Wheelers[18] 374,445 434,423 556,126 500,660 501,030

Two Wheelers[18] 6,529,829 7,608,697 8,466,666 8,026,681 8,418,626

Total 8,467,853 9,743,503 11,087,997 10,853,930 11,175,479

Automobile Sales


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Type of Vehicle 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009

Passenger Vehicles[18] 1,061,572 1,143,076 1,379,979 1,549,882 1,551,880


Three Wheelers[18] 307,862 359,920 403,910 364,781 349,719

Two Wheelers[18] 6,209,765 7,052,391 7,872,334 7,249,278 7,437,670

Total 7,897,629 8,906,428 10,123,988 9,654,435 9,723,391

Automobile Exports

Type of Vehicle 2004-2005 2005-2006 2006-2007 2007-2008 2008-2009

Passenger Vehicles[18] 166,402 175,572 198,452 218,401 335,739


Three Wheelers[18] 66,795 76,881 143,896 141,225 148,074

Two Wheelers[18] 366,407 513,169 619,644 819,713 1,004,174

Total 629,544 806,222 1,011,529 1,238,333 1,530,660

Product and service segmentation

The automotive industry of India is categorised into passenger cars, two-wheelers, commercial vehicles and

three-wheelers, with two-wheelers dominating the market. More than 75% of the vehicles sold are two-wheelers.

Nearly 59% of these two-wheelers sold were motorcycles and about 12% were scooters. Mopeds occupy a smallportion in the two-wheeler market however; electric two-wheelers are yet to penetrate.

The passenger vehicles are further categorised into passenger cars, utility vehicles and multi-purpose vehicles. All

sedan, hatchback, station wagon and sports cars fall under passenger cars. Tata Nano, is the world's cheapest

passenger car, manufactured by Tata Motors - a leading automaker of India. Multi-purpose vehicles or

people-carriers are similar in shape to a van and are taller than a sedan, hatchback or a station wagon, and are

designed for maximum interior room. Utility vehicles are designed for specific tasks. The passenger vehicles

manufacturing account for about 15% of the market in India.

Commercial vehicles are categorised into heavy, medium and light. They account for about 5% of the market.

Three-wheelers are categorised into passenger carriers and goods carriers. Three-wheelers account for about 4% of

the market in India.
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Segment[18] 2003-04 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08

Passenger Car[18]

(%) 10.22 10.39 9.91 10.65 12.42

Utility Vehicles (UVs) (%) 2.15 2.23 2.18 2.18 2.39

Multi Purpose Vehicles (MPVs) (%) 0.87 0.82 0.75 0.82 0.98

Total Passenger Vehicles[18]

(%) 13.25 13.44 12.83 13.65 15.79

Passenger Carriers (%) 0.36 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.43

Goods Carriers (%) 2.01 2.19 2.01 2.44 2.10

Total Medium & Heavy Commercial Vehicles[18]

(%) 2.37 2.51 2.33 2.73 2.53


Goods Carriers (%) 1.17 1.27 1.36 1.67 1.77

Total Light Commercial Vehicles (%) 1.45 1.52 1.61 1.90 2.10

Total Commercial Vehicles

[18]

(%)

3.82 4.03 3.94 4.63 4.63


Goods Carriers (%) 1.61 1.73 1.65 1.65 1.51

Total Three Wheelers[18]

(%) 4.17 3.90 4.04 4.00 4.01

Scoters/Scooterettee (%) 13.01 11.68 10.21 9.31 11.57

Motorcycles/Step-Throughs (%) 61.24 62.86 65.24 64.83 59.35

Mopeds (%) 4.52 4.08 3.74 3.52 4.47

Electric Two Wheelers (%) - - - 0.07 0.19

Total Two Wheelers[18]

(%) 78.76 78.63 79.18 77.73 75.57

Grand Total[18]

(%) 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00

Vehicle Registration

India had over 100 million vehicles registered on its roads in the year 2008.[18] This is a growth of about 100% in the

past 9 years. Over 77% and about 77 million of these vehicles are two-wheelers, about 14% and over 14 million are

cars, jeeps and taxis. Over 5 million and over 1 million vehicles registered are goods vehicles and buses

respectively.[18]

Two-wheelers account a significant market share. Tata Motors with the launch of Tata Nano is trying to attract some

of these two-wheeler buyers to buy a small, cheap and affordable passenger car.

Total Number of Vehicle Registrations in India from 2001 to 2008
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Year All Vehicles (in

'000)

Two Wheelers (in

'000)

Cars, Jeeps and Taxis (in

'000)

Buses (in

'000)

Goods Vehicles (in

'000)

Other Vehicles (in

'000)

2001 54,991 38,556 7,058 634 2,948 5,795

2002 58,924 41,581 7,613 635 2,974 6,121

2003 67,007 47,519 8,599 721 3,492 6,676

2004 72,718 51,922 9,451 768 3,749 6,828

2005 80,045 57,417 10,460 822 4,053 7,337

2006 88,068 63,487 11,571 879 4,345 7,891

2007 96,808 70,141 12,810 936 4,652 8,464

2008 106,591 77,588 14,222 1,003 5,018 9,065

Emission norms

In tune with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government unveiled the standardstitled 'India 2000' in 2000 with later upgraded guidelines as 'Bharat Stage'. These standards are quite similar to the

more stringent European standards and have been traditionally implemented in a phased manner, with the latest

upgrade getting implemented in 13 cities and later, in the rest of the nation. Delhi(NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai,

Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Solapur, and Agra are the 13 cities where

Bharat Stage IV has been imposed while the rest of the nation is still under Bharat Stage III.

Geographic SegmentationThe total number of new vehicles registered in the 28 states and 7 union territories of India in the year 2008 were

about 106,591. The diagram above displays the registration of new vehicles in various states and union territories.

About 16 states and 1 union territory had over a million new vehicles registered. Tamil Nadu had about 16 million

new vehicles registered, Maharashtra had over 13 million, and Gujarat had over 10 million. About 91% of these

vehicles are non-commercial vehicles purchased by households looking for a two-wheeler, or a car. Only about 9%

of new vehicles registered are used for commercial purposes. Details of category wise new vehicle registrations in

the various states and union territories are displayed. The number of new vehicles registrations has grown by about

66% in the past five years.

Geographical Segmentation:State-wise motor vehicles registration in India from 2001 -2008

States\Year 2001 (in

'000)

2002 (in

'000)

2003 (in

'000)

2004 (in

'000)

2005 (in

'000)

2006 (in

'000)

2007 (in

'000)

2008 (in

'000)

Andhra Pradesh 1111 4,389 5,002 5,720 6,446 7,232 8,042 8,989

Arunachal Pradesh 21 21 21 21 21 21 21 21

Assam 542 596 657 727 798 883 973 1,086

Bihar 949 1,024 1,121 751 726 694 647 593

Chhattisgarh 857 948 1,076 1,216 1,367 1,536 1,726 1,939

Goa 341 366 397 436 483 537 585 638

Gujarat 5,576 6,008 6,508 7,087 7,892 8,785 9,633 10,543

Haryana 1,949 2,122 2,279 2,548 2,883 3,267 3,689 4,164
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gujarathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maharashtrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tamil_Naduhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Solapurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lucknowhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kanpurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Surathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Punehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ahmedabadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyderabad%2C_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bangalorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chennaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kolkatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mumbaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Delhi


9/30


Himachal Pradesh 217 244 269 289 329 375 421 480

Jammu & Kashmir 330 364 399 439 493 556 628 719

Jharkhand 909 984 1,101 1,217 1,341 1,479 1,630 1,796

Karnataka 3,537 3,636 3,738 3,977 4,338 4,717 5,036 5,360

Kerala 2,112 2,315 2,552 2,792 3,180 3,612 4,034 4,564

Madhya Pradesh 3,095 3,173 3,459 3,804 4,119 4,442 4,710 4,968

Maharashtra 6,760 7,414 8,134 8,969 10,055 11,281 12,477 13,817

Manipur 77 90 97 106 114 123 134 145

Meghalaya 62 67 73 73 78 84 89 95

Mizoram 31 34 37 42 48 54 61 70

Nagaland 160 177 162 172 186 201 215 230

Orissa 1,096 1,215 1,359 1,525 1,717 1,936 2,159 2,417

Punjab 2,910 3,103 3,308 3,529 3,859 4,225 4,571 4,992

Rajasthan 2,943 3,197 3,487 3,834 4,285 4,791 5,281 5,815

Sikkim 12 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

Tamil Nadu 5,162 5,658 8,005 8,575 10,085 11,901 13,860 16,207

Tripura 50 57 66 76 85 95 105 117

Uttarakhand 364 406 457 516 580 651 732 822

Uttar Pradesh 4,921 5,171 5,928 6,460 7,271 8,144 8,970 9,919

West Bengal 1,690 1,690 2,366 2,548 2,816 3,138 3,464 3,833

Andaman & Nicobar

Islands

25 28 28 28 31 34 38 42

Chandigarh 386 386 562 586 629 677 732 799

Dadra & Nagar Haveli 13 13 31 35 43 54 67 86

Daman & Diu 37 41 44 48 55 63 71 79

Delhi 3,635 3,699 3,971 4,237 4,544 4,868 5,166 5,469

Lakshadweep 4 5 5 5 6 7 7 8

Pondicherry 252 270 293 313 359 418 495 552

Geographical Segmentation: Category-wise number of registrations in States of India


10/30


e of Vehicle

[18]Andhra

Pradesh

Arunachal

Pradesh

Ass am Bihar Chhattisg arh Go a Gujarat Haryana Himachal

Pradesh

Jammu

&

Kashmir

Jhark hand K ar nataka K er al a M ad hya

Pradesh

M ah ar as ht ra M ani pu r M eg ha la ya M iz or am N ag al an d Or is sa Pu nj ab Ra ja sth an Si kk im T am il

Nadu

T ri pu ra U tt ar ak hand U tt ar

Pradesh

West

Bengal

xled/Articulated

es/Trucks &

s

143,147 2,323 83,189 30,516 40,413 28,326 182,304 147,667 41,644 29,958 62,566 100,596 73,315 77,178 243,113 5,963 14,028 3,215 41,019 50,496 75,921 173,552 1,619 276,235 6,321 9,799 94,482 241,035

Motor Vehicles

)

66,891 555 14,317 32,296 16,686 - 204,336 58,325 2,340 12,272 - 91,755 136,181 30,030 256,082 1,206 - 1,255 9,243 35,543 34,645 13,601 353 204,314 595 5,662 57,681 -

15,498 665 10,286 10,961 2,043 4,868 45,669 9,369 4,872 20,139 9,539 29,710 67,206 24,626 49,092 2,403 2,827 840 3,505 13,966 18,579 55,936 406 76,907 1,596 4,626 26,437 41,385

81,627 299 10,368 14,000 22,005 8,273 40,100 14,990 14,970 10,325 21,814 40,839 114,245 61,424 102,475 363 5,030 3,864 4,448 24,614 11,982 32,868 4,947 116,373 257 13,385 30,193 67,918

Motor Vehicles

nger)

263,325 1,430 29,806 9,507 7,474 9,375 276,908 37,841 2,783 14,255 36,257 190,362 294,244 45,146 493,142 2,521 2,934 1,145 8,291 21,893 36,838 64,580 - 154,192 12,162 6,799 78,067 38,289

Commercial 570,488 5,272 147,966 97,280 88,621 50,842 749,317 268,192 66,609 86,949 130,176 453,262 685,191 238,404 1,143,904 12,456 24,819 10,319 66,506 146,512 177,965 340,537 7,325 828,021 20,931 40,271 286,860 388,627

Wheelers 4,543,283 10,605 418,780 469,751 991,022 309,488 5,162,167 1,526,404 152,286 253,611 937,745 2,732,674 1,595,808 2,876,191 6,216,794 75,333 21,050 19,501 36,741 1,223,573 2,587,181 2,692,175 4,682 6,734,205 44 ,241 39 1,25 1 4 ,922 ,04 7 1,5 81,3 26

397,738 2,340 106,063 27,508 43,572 71,516 572,414 272,895 51,918 74,187 92,171 418,181 378,912 148,030 924,006 8,030 14,595 4,850 33,273 62,553 267,379 203,991 1,870 731,380 8,672 42,220 391,443 494,505

58,114 2,260 14,266 21,726 7,302 - 110,943 87,203 12,331 10,693 23,419 41,024 71,656 36,282 262,741 7,872 9,401 6,765 21,649 26,527 32,797 128,056 2,863 53,987 - 6,452 97,821 -

Buses 36,549 - - 3,259 - - 1,345 2,765 44 - - 36,513 30,488 - 12,609 570 - - 207 2,238 - - 487 19,957 - 787 14,736 -

rs 62,363 333 10,280 77,848 44,321 470 275,543 373,373 3,898 10,969 15,136 119,340 9,004 328,380 201,940 1,263 441 209 1,827 30,592 459,014 407,523 9 90,886 147 31,981 718,082 48,341

s 46,885 155 8,740 50,403 38,804 199,603 - 62 561 12,512 120,185 1,913 164,933 190,628 580 2,304 254 696 24,181 410 57,013 - 39,910 1,015 898 10,021 -

4,500 179 20,724 2,928 2,103 3,804 16,158 17,078 1,665 1,626 5,799 55,405 19,102 11,308 16,111 221 772 247 11,018 8,806 4,354 4,511 - 76,895 541 2,122 19,188 35,164

mmercial

5 ,1 49 ,4 32 1 5, 87 2 5 78 ,8 53 6 53 ,4 23 1 ,1 27 ,1 24 3 85 ,2 78 6 ,3 38 ,1 73 2 ,2 79 ,7 18 2 22 ,2 04 3 51 ,6 47 1 ,0 86 ,7 82 3 ,5 23 ,3 22 2 ,1 06 ,8 83 3 ,5 65 ,1 24 7,824,829 93,869 48,563 31,826 105,411 1,378,470 3,351,135 3,493,269 9,911 7,747,220 54,616 475,711 6,173,338 2,159,336

Geographical Segmentation: Category-wise registration in Union Territories of India

Type of Vehicle Andaman & Nicobar

Islands

Chandigarh Dadra & Nagar

Haveli

Daman &

Diu

Delhi Lakshadweep Pondicherry

Multiaxled/Articulated

Vehicles/Trucks & Lorries

1,519 1,671 5,487 1,896 75,601 - 6,588

Light Motor Vehicles (goods) - 7,459 1,190 1,829 75,947 270 2,923

Buses 459 1,239 154 361 36,059 - 1,831

Taxis 436 1,173 108 43 24,712 - 1,421

Light Motor Vehicles (passenger) 784 - 500 890 20,893 408 4,283

Total Commercial 3,198 11,542 7,439 5,019 233,212 678 17,046

Two Wheelers 21,743 416,917 17,881 30,351 2,665,750 3,978 235,438

Cars 1,693 157,612 9,270 12,278 1,192,389 78 47,642

Jeeps 1,033 - 429 295 122,283 85 3,838

Omni Buses - - 6 38 8,386 5 2,545

Tractors 261 36 44 165 4,851 44 318

Trailers 67 - 46 124 99 - 1,582

Others 461 - - 30 9,705 503 4,541

Total non-commercial 25,258 574,565 27,000 43,281 4,003,463 4,693 295,904


11/30


Exports

Mahindra Scorpio Jeep in service with the Italy's

CNSAS.

India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $4.5

billion in 2009, with United Kingdom being India's largest export

market followed by Italy, Germany, Netherlands and South Africa. [30]

India's automobile exports are expected to cross $12 billion by

2014.[31]

According to New York Times, India's strong engineering base and

expertise in the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has

resulted in the expansion of manufacturing facilities of several

automobile companies like Hyundai Motors, Nissan, Toyota,

Volkswagen and Suzuki.[32]

In 2008, Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars made in India.

Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its India plant by 2011. [33] Similarly, General

Motors announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 2011.[34]

In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000cars for US$500 million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian market and for export. [35] The company

said that the plant was a part of its plan to make India the hub for its global production business.[36] Fiat Motors also

announced that it would source more than US$1 billion worth auto components from India.[37]

In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that PSA Peugeot Citron was planning to re-enter the Indian market

and open a production plant in Andhra Pradesh with an annual capacity of 100,000 vehicles, investing EUR 700M in

the operation.[38] PSA's intention to utilise this production facility for export purposes however remains unclear as of

December 2010.

A Tata Safari on display in Poznan, Poland.

In 2009 India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth largest

exporter of cars after Japan (1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and Thailand(0.26m) by allowing foreign carmakers 100% ownership of factories in

India, which China does not allow.[3]

In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the

manufacture of small cars. Hyundai, the biggest exporter from the

country, now ships more than 250,000 cars annually from India. Apart

from shipments to its parent Suzuki, Maruti Suzuki also manufactures

small cars for Nissan, which sells them in Europe. Nissan will also

export small cars from its new Indian assembly line. Tata Motors

exports its passenger vehicles to Asian and African markets, and is in

preparation to launch electric vehicles in Europe in 2010. The firm is also planning to launch an electric version ofits low-cost car Nano in Europe and the U.S. Mahindra & Mahindra is preparing to introduce its pickup trucks and

small SUV models in the U.S. market. Bajaj Auto is designing a low-cost car for the Renault Nissan Automotive

India, which will market the product worldwide. Renault Nissan may also join domestic commercial vehicle

manufacturer Ashok Leyland in another small car project.[39] While the possibilities are impressive, there are

challenges that could thwart future growth of the Indian automobile industry. Since the demand for automobiles in

recent years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow

if the economy weakens.[39]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashok_Leylandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_Nissan_Automotive_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_Nissan_Automotive_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bajaj_Autohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SUVhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_%26_Mahindrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=U.Shttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Europehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Nanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundaihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3ATata_Safari_II_front_-_PSM_2009.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Polandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Poznanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PSA_Peugeot_Citro%C3%ABnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=New_York_Timeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Africahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Netherlandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Germanyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=United_Kingdomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3A2june_2007_569.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Italyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Scorpio


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Top 20 Export destinations in 2007-2008 and growth from previous year

Rank Country 2007-2008 (in USD Millions) 2008-2009 (in USD Millions) Percentage Growth

1 United States of America 593.64 525.24 -11.52

2 Italy 332.35 359.68 8.22

3 Sri Lanka 249.14 216.11 -13.26

4 South Africa 224.93 188.57 -15.79

5 United Kingdom 165.57 246.32 48.77

6 United Arab Emirates 164.44 192.74 17.21

7 Algeria 147.34 265.63 80.28

8 Bangladesh 137.26 164.86 20.11

9 Egypt 134.43 143.54 5.99

10 Germany 133.52 409.63 206.8

11 Colombia 118.88 120.71 1.5412 Nepal 111.33 98.13 -11.86

13 Mexico 93.80 94.10 0.32

14 Turkey 83.53 73.82 -11.63

15 Spain 81.01 56.96 -29.69

16 France 76.77 134.21 74.83

17 Nigeria 66.01 148.74 125.03

18 Greece 65.75 127.63 94.1

19 Netherland 65.19 163.66 151.05

20 Ghana 59.91 38.30 -36.07

Passenger vehicles in IndiaThis list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India. While other cars can be imported to the country

at a steep 105% [40] import duty, car-makers such as Alfa Romeo,[41] McLaren,[42] Pagani,[43] Cadillac,[44]

Chrysler,[45] SSC,[46] Zenvo,[47] SEAT,[48] Smart,[49] Daihatsu,[50] Lexus,[51] Infiniti,[52] Acura,[53] Saab,[54]

Spyker,[55] Lotus,[56] Ariel,[57] Caterham,[58] Peugeot-Citron,[59] Mazda,[60] Jeep,[61] SsangYong,[62] Kia,[63]

GAZ[64] and Proton[65] are in varying stages of official introduction to the Indian automobile market.

Indian automotive companies

Chinkara Motors:[66] Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S, Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster

Hindustan Motors:[67] Ambassador

ICML:[68] Rhino Rx

Mahindra:[69] Major, Xylo, Scorpio, Bolero, Thar, Verito, Genio, XUV500.

Premier Automobiles Limited:[70] Sigma, RiO

San Motors:[71] Storm

Tata Motors:[72] Nano, Indica, Vista, Indigo, Manza, Indigo CS, Sumo, Grande, Venture, Safari, Xenon, Aria
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Ariahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_TLhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Safarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Venturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Sumohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Sumohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Indigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Indigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Indigohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Indicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Indicahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Nanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Stormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=San_Stormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premier_Automobiles_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premier_Automobiles_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premier_Automobiles_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_XUV500http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Geniohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dacia_Loganhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Tharhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Bolero_Camperhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Scorpiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Xylohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Majorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_%26_Mahindra_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_Cars_%26_Motor_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Ambassadorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinkara_Motors%23Jeepsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinkara_Motors%23Roadster_1.8Shttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chinkara_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Proton_%28automobile%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=GAZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kia_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SsangYong_Motor_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeephttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mazdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=PSA_Peugeot_Citro%C3%ABnhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caterham_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ariel_Ltdhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lotus_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spyker_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saab_Automobilehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Acurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Infinitihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lexushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daihatsuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Smart_%28automobile%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SEAThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zenvohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shelby_SuperCarshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chryslerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cadillachttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Paganihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=McLaren_Automotivehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Alfa_Romeohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Import_duty


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Foreign automotive companies in India

Vehicles manufactured or assembled in India

Manufactured only in Chennai, India, the i10 is

one of Hyundai's best selling globally exported

cars.

Maruti Swift. Maruti Suzuki, a subsidiary of

Japan's Suzuki Motor, is the largest automobile

manufacturer in India.[73]

BMW India:[74] 3 Series, 5 Series, X1, X3.

Fiat India[75](in collaboration with Tata Motors): Grande Punto, Linea.

Ford India:[76] Figo, Fiesta Classic, Fiesta, Endeavour.

General Motors India[77]

Chevrolet:[78] Spark, Beat, Aveo U-VA, Aveo, Optra, Cruze,

Tavera.

Honda Siel:[79] Brio, Jazz, City, Civic, Accord.

Hyundai Motor India:[80] Eon, Santro, i10, i20, Accent, Verna,

Sonata.

Land Rover:[81] Freelander 2

Maruti Suzuki:

[82]

800, Alto, WagonR, Estilo, A-star, Ritz, Swift,Swift DZire, SX4, Omni, Eeco, Gypsy.

Mercedes-Benz India:[83] C-Class, E-Class, M-Class, S-Class.

Mitsubishi[84](in collaboration with Hindustan Motors):[85] Lancer, Lancer

Cedia, Pajero.

Nissan Motor India:[86] Micra, Sunny, Evalia.

Renault India:[87][88][14] Pulse, Duster, Fluence, Koleos.

Toyota Kirloskar:[89] Etios Liva Etios, Corolla Altis, Innova,

Fortuner.

Volkswagen Group Sales India:

Audi India: A4, A6, Q5.

koda Auto India:[90][91] Fabia, Rapid, Laura.

Volkswagen India:[92][93] Polo, Vento, Jetta, Passat.Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2011, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle owners.

Vehicles brought into India as CBUs

Aston Martin:[94] Vantage, Rapide, Virage, DB9, DBS, One-77.

Audi:[95] A7, A8, S4, S6, S8, Q7, TT, R8, RS5.

Bentley:[96][97] Arnage, Azure, Brooklands, Continental GT, Continental Flying Spur, Mulsanne. BMW:[98] 5 Series GT, 6 Series, 7 Series, X5, X6, X6 M, M3, M5, M6 and Z4.

Bugatti:[99][100] Veyron.

Chevrolet: Captiva.

Ferrari[101][102]: California, 458 Italia, 599 GTB Fiorano, FF.

Fiat[75]: 500, Bravo.

General Motors[77]: Hummer H2, Hummer H3.

Honda:[103][104] Civic Hybrid, CR-V.

Hyundai[80]: Santa Fe.

Jaguar:[105] XF, XJ, XK.

Koenigsegg:[106][107] CCX, CCXR, Agera. Lamborghini:[108] Gallardo, Aventador.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamborghini_Aventadorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamborghini_Gallardohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lamborghinihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koenigsegg_Agerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koenigsegg_CCXRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koenigsegg_CCXhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Koenigsegghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaguar_XKhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaguar_XJhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaguar_XFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaguar_Carshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Santa_Fehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Motor_Companyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_CR-Vhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Civic_Hybridhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hondahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hummer_H3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hummer_H2http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat_Bravo_%282007%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat_Nuova_500http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat_Automobileshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferrari_FFhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferrari_599_GTB_Fioranohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferrari_458_Italiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferrari_Californiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ferrarihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daewoo_Winstormhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chevrolethttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bugatti_Veyronhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bugattihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_Z4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_M6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_M5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_M3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_X6_Mhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_X6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_X5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_7_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_6_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Series_Gran_Turismohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Mulsannehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Continental_Flying_Spurhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Continental_GThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Brooklandshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Azurehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentley_Arnagehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bentleyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_RS5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_R8_%28road_car%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_TThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_Q7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_S8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_S6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_S4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_A8http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_A7http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aston_Martin_One-77http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aston_Martin_DBS_V12http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aston_Martin_DB9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aston_Martin_Viragehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aston_Martin_Rapidehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aston_Martin_Vantage_%282005%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aston_Martinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Opel_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Passathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Jettahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Ventohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Polohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0koda_Laurahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Skoda_Rapidhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0koda_Fabiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0koda_Auto_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_Q5http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_A6http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_A4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Audi_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Group_Sales_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Fortunerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Innovahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Corollahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Etioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Etioshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Kirloskar_Motor_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_Koleoshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_Fluencehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_Dusterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Micrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Renault_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_NV200http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Micrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Motor_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pajerohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Lancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Lancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Lancerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_S-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_M-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_E-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_C-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Gypsyhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Eecohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Omnihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuki_SX4http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Swift_Dzirehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuki_Swifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Ritzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuki_Altohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuki_MR_Wagonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_WagonRhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Altohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_800http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Rover_Freelanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Sonatahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Vernahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Accent%23Second_generation_%282000-2005_for_sedan%2C_2000-2006_for_hatchback%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_i20http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_i10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Santrohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Eonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_Motor_India_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Accordhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Civichttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Cityhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Jazzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Briohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Honda_Siel_Cars_Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Taverahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Cruzehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daewoo_Lacettihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daewoo_Kaloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daewoo_Kaloshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Beathttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daewoo_Matizhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chevrolet_Sales_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=General_Motors_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Everesthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Fiestahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Fiestahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Figohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat_Lineahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat_Grande_Puntohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fiat_Automobiles_India_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_X3http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_X1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_5_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_3_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMW_India_Private_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AMaruti_Suzuki_Swift_4456.JPGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuki_Motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maruti_Swifthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=File%3AHyundai_i10_front_20100328.jpghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hyundai_i10http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chennai


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Land Rover:[109] Discovery 4, Range Rover Evoque, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover.

Maserati:[110] Quattroporte, GranTurismo, GranCabrio.

Maybach:[111] 57 and 62.

Mercedes-Benz:[112] CL-Class, GL-Class, R-Class, CLS-Class, SL-Class, SLK-Class, Viano, G-Class, SLS.

MINI:[113] Cooper, Cooper S, Convertible, Countryman.

Mitsubishi: Montero, Outlander, Evo X.

Nissan:[114] Teana, X-Trail, 370Z, GT-R.

Porsche:[115][116] 997, Boxster, Panamera, Cayman, Cayenne, Carrera GT.

Rolls Royce:[117] Ghost, Phantom, Phantom Coup, Phantom Drophead Coup.

koda[90]: Yeti, Superb.

Suzuki: Grand Vitara, Kizashi.

Toyota[89]: Prius, Camry, Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado.

Volkswagen:[118] Beetle, Tiguan, Touareg, Phaeton.

Volvo:[119] S60, S80, XC60, XC90.

Commercial vehicle manufacturers in IndiaIndian brands

Force[120]

Hindustan Motors[121]

Premier[70]

Tata[122]

AMW[123]

Eicher Motors[124]

Joint Venture Brands VE Commercial Vehicles Limited[125] - VE Commercial Vehicles limited - A JV between Volvo Groups &

Eicher Motors Limited.

Ashok Leyland[126] - originally a JV between Ashok Motors and Leyland Motors, now 51% owned by Hinduja

Group

Mahindra Navistar[127] - a 51:49 JV between Mahindra Group and Navistar International

Swaraj Mazda[128] - originally a JV between Punjab Tractors and Mazda, now 53.5% owned by Sumitomo

Group

Kamaz Vectra[129] - A JV between Russia's KaMAZ and the Vectra Group

Foreign brands

Volvo[130]

Tatra[131]

MAN[132]

Mercedes-Benz[133] - manufactures luxury coaches in India.

Daimler AG[134] - manufactures BharatBenz, a brand of trucks based on the Fuso and the Mercedes Benz truck

platforms, which Daimler AG owns.

Rosenbauer[135]

Scania[136]

Iveco[137]

Hino[138]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hino_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ivecohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Scania_ABhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rosenbauerhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Fuso_Truck_and_Bus_Corporationhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BharatBenzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daimler_AGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MAN_SEhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tatra_%28company%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volvohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=KaMAZhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumitomo_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sumitomo_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mazdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swaraj_Mazdahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Navistar_Internationalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_Navistarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduja_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hinduja_Grouphttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leyland_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashok_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ashok_Leylandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=VE_Commercial_Vehicles_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eicher_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Asia_Motor_Workshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Premier_Automobiles_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Force_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volvo_XC90http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volvo_XC60http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volvo_S80http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volvo_S60http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volvohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Phaetonhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Touareghttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_Tiguanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagen_New_Beetlehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Volkswagenhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Land_Cruiser_Pradohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Land_Cruiser%23200_Serieshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Camryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyota_Priushttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Toyotahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuki_Kizashihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzuki_Grand_Vitarahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Suzukihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0koda_Superbhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0koda_Yetihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0koda_Autohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Phantom_Drophead_Coup%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Phantom_Coup%C3%A9http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolls_Royce_Phantomhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_Ghosthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rolls-Royce_%28car%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porsche_Carrera_GThttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porsche_Cayennehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porsche_Caymanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porsche_Panamerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porsche_Boxsterhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porsche_997http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Porschehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_GT-Rhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_370Zhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_X-Trailhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Teanahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nissan_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Lancer_Evolution_Xhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Outlanderhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Monterohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mitsubishi_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mini_Countrymanhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mini_Convertible_%282009-%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mini_Cooper_Shttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mini_Hatch_%282007-%29http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MINIhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_SLS_AMGhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes_Benz_G-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_Vianohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_SLK-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_SL-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_CLS-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_R-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_GL-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benz_CL-Classhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mercedes-Benzhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maybach_57_and_62http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maybachhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maserati_GranCabriohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maserati_GranTurismohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maserati_Quattroportehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Maseratihttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Range_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Range_Rover_Sporthttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Range_Rover_Evoquehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Rover_Discoveryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Land_Rover


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DAF[139]

Isuzu[140]

Piaggio[141]

Caterpillar Inc.[142]

Electric car manufacturers in India Ajanta Group[143]

Mahindra[144]

Hero Electric[145]

REVA

Tara International[146]

Tata[147]

Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry

During April 2012 Indian Government has planned to unveil the roadmap for the development of the domesticelectric and hybrid vehicles (xEV) in the country [148]. A discussion between the various stakeholders including

Government, industry and the academia is expected to take place during February 23-24 [149]. The final contours of

the policy will be formed after this set of discussions. Ministries such as Petroleum, Finance, Road Transport and

Power are involved in developing a broad framework for the sector. Along with these ministries big auto industry

names such as Mr Anand Mahindra ( Vice Chairman and Managing Director, Mahindra & Mahindra) and MrVikram

Kirloskar (Vice-Chairman, Toyota Kirloskar) are also involved in this task [150]. Government has also proposed to

set up a Rs 740 crore R&D fund for the sector in the 12th five year plan during 2012-17 [151]. The idea is to reduce

the high cost of key imported components such as the battery and electric motor and develop such capabilities

locally.

Market characteristics

Market size

The Indian Automotive Industry after de-licensing in July 1991 has grown at a spectacular rate on an average of 17%

for last few years. The industry has attained a turnover of USD $35.8 billion, (INR 165,000 crores) and an

investment of USD 10.9 billion.[18] The industry has provided direct and indirect employment to 13.1 million people.

Automobile industry is currently contributing about 5% of the total GDP of India. India's current GDP is about $1.4

trillion and is expected to grow to $3.75 trillion by 2020. [18] The projected size in 2016 of the Indian automotive

industry varies between $122 billion and $159 billion including USD 35 billion in exports. This translates into a

contribution of 10% to 11% towards India's GDP by 2016, which is more than double the current contribution. [18]

Demand determinants

Determinants of demand for this industry include vehicle prices (which are determined largely by wage, material and

equipment costs) and exchange rates, preferences, the running cost of a vehicle (mainly determined by the price of

petrol), income, interest rates, scrapping rates, and product innovation.

Exchange Rate: Movement in the value of Rupee determines the attractiveness of Indian products overseas and the

price of import for domestic consumption.

Affordability: Movement in income determine the affordability of new motor vehicles. Allowing unrestricted

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) led to increase in competition in the domestic market hence, making better vehiclesavailable at affordable prices.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vikram_Kirloskarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vikram_Kirloskarhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anand_Mahindrahttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorshttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=REVAhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mahindra_%26_Mahindra_Limitedhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Caterpillar_Inc.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Piaggiohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Isuzuhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DAF_Trucks


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Product Innovation is an important determinant as it allows better models to be available each year and also

encourages manufacturing of environmental friendly cars.

Demographics: It is evident that high population of India has been one of the major reasons for large size of

automobile industry in India. Factors that may be augment demand include rising population and an increasing

proportion of young persons in the population that will be more inclined to use and replace cars. Also, increase in

people with lesser dependency on traditional single family income structure is likely to add value to vehicle demand.Infrastructure: Longer-term determinants of demand include development in Indian's infrastructure. India's banking

giant State Bank of India and Australia's Macquarie Group has launched an infrastructure fund to rise up to USD 3

billion for infrastructure improvements. India needs about $500 billion to repair its infrastructure such as ports,

roads, and power units. These investments have been made with an aim to generate long-term cash flow from

automobile, power, and telecom industries. (Source: Silicon India)

Price of Petrol: Movement in oil prices also have an impact on demand for large cars in India. During periods of high

fuel cost as experienced in 2007 and the first half of 2008, demand for large cars declined in favour of smaller, more

fuel-efficient vehicles. The changing patterns in customer preferences for smaller, more fuel-efficient vehicles led to

the launch of Tata Motor's Nanoone of the world's smallest and cheapest cars.

Surprisingly, when overall passenger car sales have run into problems, the sales of luxury cars and SUVs, which are

significantly more expensive in India than abroad due to high import taxes, have experienced encouraging growth.

The Indian unit of BMW had to raise capacity at its factory four times during 2011, while sales of the high-end

Jaguar Land Rover model owned by Tata Motors rose impressively during a period when more affordable passenger

car sales were experiencing a downturn.[152]

International MarketsInternational Markets Exports

The level of trade export is medium

The level of trade export is increasing

International Markets Imports

The level of trade import is low

The level of trade import is increasing

International Markets AnalysisThe Indian automotive industry embarked a new journey in 1991 with de-licensing of the sector and subsequent

opening up for 100% foreign direct investment (FDI). Since then almost all global majors have set up their facilities

in Indian taking the level of production from 2 million in 1991 to over 10 million in recent years.

[18]

The exports inautomotive sector have grown on an average compound annual growth rate of 30% per year for the last seven years.

The export earnings from this sector are over USD 6 billion.[18]

Even with this rapid growth, the Indian automotive industry's contribution in global terms is very low. This is

evident from the fact that even thought passenger and commercial vehicles have crossed the production figures of

2.3 million in the year 2008,[18] yet India's share is about 3.28% of world production of 70.53 million passenger and

commercial vehicles. India's automotive exports constitute only about 0.3% of global automotive trade.[18]
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jaguar_Land_Roverhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BMWhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanohttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tata_Motorhttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Macquarie_Group


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Basis of CompetitionCompetition in this industry is high. Competition in this industry is increasing. Automotive industry is a

volume-driven industry, and certain critical mass is a pre-requisite for attracting the much-needed investment in

research and development and new product design and development. Research and development investment is

needed for innovations which is the lifeline for achieving and retaining competitiveness in the industry. This

competitiveness in turn depends on the capacity and the speed of the industry to innovate and upgrade. The mostimportant indices of competitiveness are productivity of both labour and capital.

The concept of attaining competitiveness on the basis of low cost and abundant labour, favourable exchange rates,

low interest rates and concessional duty structure is becoming inadequate and therefore, not sustainable. A greater

emphasis is required on the development of the factors like innovation which can ensure competitiveness on a

long-term basis.

India, with a rapidly growing middle class (450 million in 2007 as per NCAER Report), market oriented stable

economy, availability of trained manpower at competitive cost, fairly well developed credit and financing facilities

and local availability of almost all the raw materials at a competitive cost, has emerged as one of the favourite

investment destinations for the automotive manufacturers. These advantages need to be leveraged in a manner to

attain the twin objective of ensuring availability of best quality product at lower cost to the consumers on the one

hand and developing and assimilating the latest technology in the industry on the other hand.

As per Automotive Mission Plan 20062016 (2008), the Indian Government recognises its role as a catalyst and

facilitator to encourage the companies to move to higher level of competitive performance. The Indian Government

wants to create a policy environment to help companies gain competitive advantage. The government aims that with

its policies its encourage growth, promote domestic competition and stimulate innovation.

Life CycleThe life cycle stage is growth Life Cycle Reasons The market for manufacturing motor vehicles is consistently

increasing. The products manufactured by this industry are profitable. Companies have been consistently opening

new plats and employing over the past five years. Japanese and European manufacturers of motor vehicles have

entered the market. Industry value added has been rising, along with the rise in GDP. Life Cycle Analysis

General improvement in availability of trained manpower and good infrastructure is required for sustainable growth

of the industry. Keeping this in view, the Indian Government has launched a unique initiative of National

Automotive Testing and R&D Infrastructure Project (NATRIP) to provide specialised facilities for Testing,

Certification and Homologation to the industry. A similar initiative is required for creating specialised institutions in

automotive sector for education, training and development.

The auto industry has grown in the clusters of interconnected companies which are linked by commonalities and

complementarities. The major clusters are in and around Manesar in North, Pune in West, Chennai in South,Jamshedpur-Kolkata in East and Indore in Central India. The Government is planning to create a National Level

Specialises Education and Training Institute for Automotive Sector and to enhance the transportation,

communication and export infrastructure facilities.

The contribution of automotive sector in the GDP of India is expected to double by 2016 [18] through major spotlight

on export of small cars, Multi-Utility Vehicles, Two- and Three-wheelers.


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Industry ConditionsThe automobile manufacturing sector is characterised by a high cyclical growth patterns, high fixed cost and

break-even point levels, and an excessive number of participants. Barriers to entry into automobile manufacturing

activity are formidable. Some of the barriers that need to be overcome by a new entrant include: the cost of

developing high volume production facilities to benefit from economies of scale; and the ability to gain access to

technology of major operators, as the present incumbents include some of the largest multinationals, that haveconsiderable claims to new technology. The relative large size of domestic market, together with high competition,

has already seen significant rationalisation of this industry.

TaxationIndia has a well developed tax structure. The power to levy taxes and duties is distributed among the three tiers of

Government, in accordance with the provisions of the Indian Constitution. The main taxes/duties that the Union

Government is empowered to levy are:- Income Tax (except tax on agricultural income, which the State

Governments can levy), Customs duties, Central Excise and Sales Tax and Service Tax. The principal taxes levied

by the State Governments are:- Sales Tax (tax on intra-State sale of goods), Stamp Duty (duty on transfer ofproperty), State Excise (duty on manufacture of alcohol), Land Revenue (levy on land used for

agricultural/non-agricultural purposes), Duty on Entertainment and Tax on Professions & Callings. The Local Bodies

are empowered to levy tax on properties (buildings, etc.), Octroi (tax on entry of goods for use/consumption within

areas of the Local Bodies), Tax on Markets and Tax/User Charges for utilities.

Excise Duty

Central Excise duty is an indirect tax levied on those automobiles which are manufactured in India and are meant for

home consumption. The taxable event is 'manufacture' and the liability of central excise duty arises as soon as the

automobiles are manufactured. It is a tax on manufacturing, which is paid by a manufacturer, who passes its

incidence on to the customers.Types of Excise Duties

Basic Excise Duty: This is the duty leviable under First Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 at the rates

mentioned in the said Schedule.

Special Excise Duty: This is the duty leviable under Second Schedule to the Central Excise Tariff Act, 1985 at the

rates mentioned in the said Schedule. At present this is leviable on very few items.

National Calamity Contingent Duty (NCCD): Normally known as NCCD. This duty is levied as per section 136 of

the Finance Act, 2001, as a surcharge on specified goods.

Excise Duties and Cesses Leviable under Miscellaneous Act:On certain specified goods, in addition to the aforesaid

duties, prescribed rate of excise duty and cess is also leviable.

Education Cesson excisable goods is levied in addition to any other duties of excise chargeable on such goods, under

the Central Excise Act, 1944 or any other law for the time being in force.

MODVAT and CENVAT

Taxation of inputs, like raw materials, components and other intermediaries has a number of limitations. In

production process, raw material passes through various processes stages till a final product emerges. Thus, output of

the first manufacturer becomes input for second manufacturer and so on. When the inputs are used in the

manufacture of product À', the cost of the final product increases not only on account of the cost of the inputs, but

also on account of the duty paid on such inputs. As the duty on the final product is on ad valorem basis and the finalcost of product À' includes the cost of inputs, inclusive of the duty paid, duty charged on product À' meant doubly

taxing raw materials. In other words, the tax burden goes on increasing as raw material and final product passes from


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one stage to other because, each subsequent purchaser has to pay tax again and again on the material which has

already suffered tax. This is called cascading effect or double taxation.

This very often distorted the production structure and did not allow the correct assessment of the tax incidence.

Therefore, the Government tried to remove these defects of the Central Excise System by progressively relieving

inputs from excise and countervailing duties. An ideal system to realize this objective would have been to adopt

value added taxation (VAT). However, on account of some practical difficulties it was not possible to fully adopt thevalue added taxation.

Hence, Government evolved a new scheme, `MODVAT' (Modified Value Added Tax). MODVAT Scheme which

essentially follows VAT Scheme of taxation. i.e. if a manufacturer A purchases certain components(raw materials)

from another manufacturer B for use in its product. B would have paid excise duty on components manufactured by

it and would have recovered that excise duty in its sales price from A. Now, A has to pay excise duty on product

manufactured by it as well as bear the excise duty paid by the supplier of raw material B. Under the MODVAT

scheme, an Original Equipment Manufacturer can take credit of excise duty paid by First Tier and Second Tier

suppliers. It amounts to excise duty only on additions in value by each manufacturer at each stage.

MODVAT Scheme ensures the revenue of the same order and at same time the price of the final product could be

lower. Apart from reducing the costs through elimination of cascade effect, and bringing in greater rationalization intax structure and also bringing in certainty in the amount of tax leviable on the final product, this scheme will help

the consumer to understand precisely the impact of taxation on the cost of any product.

Subsequently, MODVAT scheme was restructured into CENVAT (Central Value Added Tax) scheme. A new set of

rules 57AA to 57AK, under The CENVAT Credit Rules, 2004, were framed and whatever restrictions were there in

MODVAT Scheme were put to an end and comparatively, a free hand was given to the assesses.

Under the CENVAT Scheme, a manufacturer of final product or provider of taxable service must be allowed to take

credit of duty of excise as well as of service tax paid on any input received in the factory or any input service

received by manufacturer of final product. Inputs include goods used in the manufacture of capital goods which are

further used in the factory of the manufacturer.

Customs Duty

Customs Duty (Import duty and Export tax) is a type of indirect tax levied on goods imported into India as well as on

goods exported from India. Taxable event is import into or export from India. In India, the basic law for levy and

collection of customs duty is Customs Act 1962. It provides for levy and collection of duty on imports and exports,

import/export procedures, prohibitions on importation and exportation of goods, penalties, offences, etc.

Export duties are levied occasionally to mop up excess profitability in international prices of goods in respect of

which domestic prices may be low at the given time. But the sweep of import duties is quite wide.

Service TaxService tax is a tax levied on services the rendered by a person and the responsibility of payment of the tax is cast on

the service provider. It is an indirect tax as it can be recovered from the service receiver by the service provider in

course of his business transactions. Service Tax was introduced in India in 1994 by Chapter V of the Finance Act,

1994. It was imposed on an initial set of three services in 1994 and the scope of the service tax has since been

expanded continuously by subsequent Finance Acts. The Finance Act extends the levy of service tax to the whole of

India, except the State of Jammu & Kashmir.[18]

(Source: National Information Centre)


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Industry AssistanceThe automobile industry has a defined its target in the Automotive Mission Plan as To emerge as the destination of

choice in the world for design and manufacture of automobiles with output reaching a level of USD 145 billion

accounting more than 10% of GDP and providing additional employment to 25 million people by 2016.[18] In order

to achieve this plan interventions are required from both Industry and Indian Government. The Indian Government

would play a key enabling role in facilitating infrastructure creation, promote the country's capabilities, create afavourable and predictable business environment, attract investment and promote research & development. The role

of Industry will primarily be in designing and manufacturing products of world-class quality standards, establishing

c

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Automobile Ind in India