Automated Web Application Testing With Selenium 21750

7/29/2019 Automated Web Application Testing With Selenium 21750

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BEA Confidential. | 1

Automated Web ApplicationTesting with Selenium

September 12, 2006


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Outline

What is Selenium?

Writing Maintainable Selenium Tests

Writing Testable Web Applications


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What is Selenium?

Open source test tool for web applications

http://selenium.openqa.org

Runs in any mainstream browser

IE, Mozilla/Firefox, Opera, Safari, Konqueror

Write tests in many languages

Java, .NET, Perl, Python, Ruby

Selenese (pure HTML, no Java/backend required)

Record/playback (Selenium IDE)
http://selenium.openqa.org/http://selenium.openqa.org/http://selenium.openqa.org/


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Demo

Record a test in Selenium IDE

Demo same test written in Java


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Java Test Example

public void testGoogleTestSearch() throws Throwable

{

selenium.open("http://www.google.com/webhp");

assertEquals("Google", selenium.getTitle());

selenium.type("q", "Selenium OpenQA");

selenium.click("btnG");

selenium.waitForPageToLoad("5000");

assertEquals("Selenium OpenQA - Google Search",

selenium.getTitle());

}


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Java setUp/tearDown Example

public void setUp() throws Exception {

selenium = new DefaultSelenium("localhost",

4444, "*firefox",

"http://www.google.com");selenium.start();

}

protected void tearDown() throws Exception {

selenium.stop();

}


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A Few Selenium Commands

typeisTextPresentgetCursorPosition

refreshgoBackfireEvent

opengetValuedragdrop

mouseOvergetTitlecreateCookie

keyPressgetHtmlSourceclose

isVisiblegetEvalclick


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Element Locators

selenium.click(____)

ID: id=foo

Name: name=foo

Identifier (ID, then name): identifier=foo

DOM: document.forms[myform].myDropdownXPath: //table[@id='table1']//tr[4]/td[2]

Link Text: link=text

CSS Selector: css=a[href=#id3]

Default:

DOM if it starts with document.

XPath if it starts with //

Identifier otherwise


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How It Works


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Outline

What is Selenium?




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Standard End-User Black Box Test

1. Login as administrator

2. Create a user

3. Log out

4. Login as that user5. Create a folder

6. Create a thingy in that folder

7. Search for that thingy in the search box

8. Make sure your thingy shows up on the search results page


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Fragile automated tests

Exercising irrelevant features

Logging in/Logging out

Creating a folder

Creating a thingy

If the UI for any one of those features changes, your searchtest fails


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Know When to Record a Test

Recorded tests reuse no code

Record & Tweak vs. Fire and Forget

Slight change in Folder Creator means allof those tests haveto be re-recorded from scratch

This happened to us with Mercurys Quick Test Pro

Use the recorder to create reusable code


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Unit Testing vs. Integration Testing

Selenium tests are integrationtests, not unittests

Functional/Acceptance/User/Compatibility

Unit tests verify a unit in isolation

If FooTest.java fails, the bugmust be in Foo.java

A unit test should never fail because of a browser incompatibility

Unit tests need to be completely isolated from each other

Integration tests verify that units work well together

Black Box tests

Requires testing multiple configurations (browsers)

Tend to build on the side-effects of earlier tests


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JUnit and TestNG

JUnit is opinionated software

JUnit: Everything gets teared down after everytest method

Order isolation [see next slide]

Constantly starting/stopping browser

Dependencies between tests is explicitly prevented

Separate tests are testing separate units

TestNG: dependsOnX

Same test multiple times, different configurations?Java Properties, multiple runs

TestNG parameters


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JUnit Test Execution

public void setUp() { log(setup!); }

public void testFoo() { log(foo!); }

public void testBar() { log(bar!); }

public void tearDown() { log(teardown!); }

Runs like this

setup! foo! teardown! setup! bar! teardown!

NOT like this

setup! foo! bar! teardown!


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Outline

What is Selenium?




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Testable HTML Pages

Human-legible (hand-coded) element IDs

id=obj3 is going to be fragile

XPaths are veryfragile

JSF: TLD true on ID elements

Hidden flags: input fields, object properties

waitForCondition is your AJAX testing tool


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Model View Controller

Model is separately testable

Thats where your business logic is!

Write Integration tests of those!

Use Selenium to test your viewand controller (navigation)

UI Testing

API Testing Model

Unit Testing Classes


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Another Code Reuse Strategy

Prepare your Search tests using Model API tests

FolderBean fb = new FolderBean();

fb.setParent(FolderBean.ROOT);

fb.setName(foo);

fb.createNewFolder(); adds a folder to the DB

selenium.open(/search.faces);

selenium.type(query, foo);

selenium.click(search);

assertTrue(selenium.isTextPresent(foo found);

Writing your tests/webapp in same language


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Self-testing web applications

Create a special JSP that runs Selenium tests

Configure Session-scoped beans

Documents

Automated Web Application Testing With Selenium 21750