21
Maeljen C. Mageguerid BA 217

Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Maeljen C. Mageguerid BA 217

Page 2: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

A psychological tendency expressed by evaluating an entity with some degree of favor or disfavor.

ATTITUDES

Page 3: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

MODEL OF ATTITUDE

FFECTIVEPhysiological indicators Verbal statements about feelings.

I dislike my supervisor

EHAVIORALINTENSSIONS

Observed behavioralVerbal statements about intentions.

I’m looking for other work

OGNITIONAttitude scalesVerbal statements about beliefs

My supervisor is unfair.

Page 4: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

a state of tension that is produced when an individual experiences conflict between attitudes and behavior.

Cognitive dissonance

Page 5: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

DIRECT EXPERIENCE

Influences on Attitude Formation

SOCIAL LEARNING

the process of deriving attitudes from family, peer groups, religious organizations.

Page 6: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Attitude Specificity - a specific attitudeAttitude Relevance - some self-interestMeasurement Timing - measurement close to observed behaviorPersonality Factors - ex. self-monitoringSocial Constraints - acceptability

Attitude-behavior

Page 7: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Job SatisfactionA pleasurable or positive emotional state resulting from the appraisal of one’s job or job experience

Job Involvement Related to job satisfaction.Behavior that is above and

beyond duty

Work Attitudes: Job Satisfaction

Page 8: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Work Attitudes: Organizational Commitment

Organization commitment is the strength of an individual’s identification with an organization

Page 9: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Characteristics

Persuasion & attitude change

Source Characteristics- The persuader may have an impact on the target through expertise, trustworthiness, attractiveness, and/or likability

Target Characteristics- The persuader may have difficulty persuading a target who has high self-esteem, who is resistant to change, or who is negative

Message Characteristics- People react either negatively or positively to the message content, as well as to the perceived intent of the persuader sending the message.

Page 10: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

COGNITIVE ROUTES TO PERSUASION

MESSAGE

LOW ELABORATION

HIGH ELABORATION

CAREFUL PROCESSING

ABSENCE OF CAREFUL

PROCESSING

Attitude changedepending on

quantity of arguments

Attitude changedepending on

quantity of arguments

Page 11: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Enduring beliefs that a specific mode of conduct or end state of existence is personally or socially preferable to an opposite or converse mode of conduct or end state of existence

VALUES

Page 12: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Instrumental - values that represent the acceptable behaviors to be used in achieving some end state or to reach a goal.

Examples: honesty, politeness, courage

Terminal - values that represent the goals to be achieved or the end states of existence

Examples: happiness, salvation, prosperity

VALUES

Page 13: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Achievement (career advancement)Concern for others (compassionate behavior)Honesty (provision of accurate information)Fairness (impartiality)

Work Values

Page 14: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Cultural Differences in Values

Chinese value an individual’s contribution to relationships in the work team

Americans value an individual’s contribution to task accomplishment

Page 15: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Handling Cultural Differences

Learn about others’ valuesAvoid prejudging business customsOperate legitimately within others’

ethical points of viewAvoid rationalizing “borderline”

actions with excusesRefuse to violate fundamental

valuesBe open and above board

Page 16: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Acting in ways consistent with one’s personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society

Ethical Behavior

Page 17: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Individual/Organizational Model of Ethical Behavior

Organizational Influences Codes of conduct Norms Modeling Rewards and punishments

Individual InfluencesValue systemsLocus of controlMachiavellianismCognitive moral development

EthicalBehavior

Page 18: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Values, Ethics, and Ethical Behavior

Value Systems – systems of beliefs that affect what the individual defines as right, good, and fair

Ethics – reflects the way values are acted out

Ethical Behavior – actions consistent with one’s values

Page 19: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Locus of Control

Locus of Control - personality variable that affects individual behavior

Internal - belief in personal control and personal responsibility

External - belief in control by outside forces (fate, chance, other people)

Page 20: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

A personality characteristic indicating one’s willingness to do whatever it takes to get one’s own way

Machiavellianism

Page 21: Attitudes, Values & Ethics

Cognitive Moral Development - the process of moving through stages of maturity in terms of making ethical decisions

Cognitive Moral Development

Level lPremoral

Level llConventional

Level lllPrincipled