Atopic dermatitis.ppt

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    ECZEMA

    Lecture fife

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    FUNCTIONS OF SKIN

    • Protect against infections, cheica! to"insan# $h%sica! agents &U', ioni(ing ra#iation)

    • Pre*ent insensi+!e ater !oss

    • Contro! +o#% te$erature&theroregu!ation)

    • Sensation, counication &$s%chosocia!,

    se"ua!, en#ocrine functions)• Se!f-regeneration an# hea!ing

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    ECZEMA Usually refers to severely inflamed dermatitis.

     •It is a non –infectious inflammatory dermatosis in

    which the affected skin is erythematous.

    • IT IS NOT ADISEASE IT IS A S!"#TO"."OST DE$"ATO%O&ISTS 'OU%D A((E#T T)E

    DE*INITION+ S,IN IN*%A""ATION O* ')ATE-E$

    (AUSE

    •sins and sym/toms associated with such an acute 

    /rocess (itching, sting, burning of the skin with 

    drainage from lesions0

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    TE.MINOLO/0

    1eratitis 2 1erat 3 itis

    refers to s4in eans

    5inf!ae#6

    &thus, inf!ae# s4in)

    Other e"a$!es7 arthritis, co!itis,

    ence$ha!itis, etc8

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    CA.1INAL FEATU.ES

    OF INFLAMMATION

    •  &arth) - increase# +!oo# f!o

    •  &re#ness) -#i!ate# +!oo# *esse!s

    •  &$ain)- irritation of ner*es in inf!ae#

    tissues

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    C!assification

    • Can either +e acute or chronic in nature8 •  Acute ec(ea shos ar4e# inf!aation of

    s4in, er%thea an# $a$u!es

    8• Chronic ec(ea shos !ichenification &thic4ening

    of the s4in) fro re$eate# ru++ing or scratching,$ost inf!aator% h%$er- or h%$o $igentation8

    • 9oth t%$es can sho e"coriations8• There is coon!% a secon#ar% infection, usua!!%

    ith Sta$h%!ococcus aureus &S8 aureus)8

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    T0PES OF 1E.MATITIS

    & ECZEMA)

    • IT IS P.ECIPITATE1 90 E:TE.NALSOU.CES O. INTE.NALONES&EN1O/ENOUS

    • E"ogenous7 contact 1E.MATITIS&acute)

    • Irritant, a!!ergic an# infecti*e8

    • En#ogenous, chronic Ato$ic, A steatiOTIC, neuro#eatisTIS,an#

    other t%$es 

    •  

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    I..ITANT CONTACT

    1E.MATITIS• Non-iuno!ogic inf!aator% reaction of

    the s4in #ue to an e"terna! agent

    •'arie# or$ho!og%• C!inica! t%$es

     ; Cheica! +urns

     ;Irritant reactions

     ; Acute irritant contact #eratitis

     ; Chronic irritant contact #eratitis

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    COMMON I..ITANTS

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    *A(TO$S IN*%UEN(IN& T)E

    DE-E%O#"ENTO* S,INI$$ITATION

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    • THE SUBSTANCE , IF IT PENET.ATE TO T=E

    1E.MAL A.EA

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    • T=E CLIMATE

    • MAC.O

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    • T=E =OST

    •  A/E1 SKIN IS LESS P.ON TO

    I..ITATION T=AN 0OUT=FUL SKIN,

    9ECAUS E OF /.EATE. 1IFFICULT0

    IN 1.U/ PENET.ATION T=TOU/=

     A/E1 SKIN

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    Alleric contact dermatitis

    The ter 5contact #eratitis6 #escri+es an

    inf!aation of the s4in cause# +% contact ithe"terna! agents8 A!!ergic contact #eratitis is a

    #e!a%e#-t%$e h%$ersensiti*it% reaction #ue to the

    contact ith a cheica! to hich the in#i*i#ua! has

    $re*ious!% +een sensiti(e#8 Possi+!e a!!ergens are

    foun# in Bee!!er%, $ersona! care $ro#ucts, to$ica!

    e#ications, $!ants an# or4-re!ate# ateria!s8

    Usua!!%, the ec(eatous reaction #e*e!o$s ithin? to D? hours after contact ith the causati*e

    cheica! in a sensiti(e# in#i*i#ua!8

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     Ato$ic #eratitis

    A chronic $ro+!e causing #r% s4in, intense

    itching, an# a raise# rash, soe chi!#ren outgro

    ato$ic #eratitis, or ha*e i!#er cases as the%

    age8 In se*ere cases, this non-contagious rash

    fors c!ear, f!ui#-fi!!e# +!isters8

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    Se*era! treatent o$tions for ec(ea are

    a*ai!a+!e8 9ut $riari!%, it is ost i$ortant to

    #iagnose correct!% an# to i#entif% the un#er!%ing

    etio!ogica! factors &e8g8 a!!ergens in case ofa!!ergic contact #eratitis)8 A*oi#ance of the a

    etio!ogica! factors is one i$ortant thera$eutic

    a$$roach8 S%$toatic treatent inc!u#esto$ica! an# s%steic treatent regiens8 The

    treatent #e$en#s on the un#er!%ing t%$e of

    ec(ea an# on its !oca!i(ation8The fo!!oing genera! gui#e!ines ha*e $ro*e#

    he!$fu! in ec(ea $atients7

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    •  Asteatotic ec(ea7 this ec(ea is characteri(e# +%

    #r% an# fissure# s4in an# +% a+sence of se+aceous

    secretions8 It occurs ain!% #uring the #r% eather

    an# in the age# s4in8

    • Neuro#eratitis7 this is a chronic for of ec(ea

    foun# ore often in oen8 It is often !oca!i(e# in the

    na$e of the nec4, !egs,genitoana! region, an#

    forears8

    • Eotiona! stress $!a% a ro!e in this con#ition8

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    Strateg% for treatent of ec(ea

    • In soe fors of ec(ea the $atient is

    sensiti*e for a i#e *ariet% of agents, an#

    thera$eutic entities a% aggra*ate a!rea#%

    inf!ae# s4in8

    • In contact #eratitis, #rug thera$% is

    nee#e# for on!% a short tie +ecause

    ith#raa! of a!!ergen or irritant

    ae!iorates the con#ition

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    T.EATMENT OF a!!ergic cotact

    #eratitis

    • To$ica! g!ucocorticoi#s

    • Ora! antihistaines

    • Co$resses

    • To$ica! Eo!!ients

    • Ora! anti+iotics

    • Ora! g!ucocorticoi#s

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    C=IL1=OO1 ECZEMA

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    OTC $ro#ucts for ec(ea

    • >- $rotestants (inc o"i#e $ast &!esser)an#

    ointent

    • ?- astringents soa4ing in so!ution of a!uinu

    acetate re#uces the ee$ing for a !arge areas89athes of !oca! astringents co$resses&>-@G )

    a fe tie #ai!% he!$ #r% the ee$ing areas8

    More $otent astringents shou!# +e reser*e# unti!

    er%thea! inf!aation of the acute $hasesu+si#es in or#er not aggra*ate the con#ition

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    @- coo!ing agents to re#uce the e"tent of$ruritus8 In the acute $hases of ec(ea,

    soothing !otions a$$!ie# as et co$resses are

    he!$fu!8

    - antihistaines ora!!% a#inistere# for their

    se#ati*e an# anti$ruritis effects8

    - antise$tics these are usefu! in infecti*e

    #eratitis

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    SUMMA.0

    Dermatitis is a common ty/e of skin inflammation

    There are many causes of dermatitis

    Dermatitis disru/ts the normal functions of skin

    Investiatin causes of dermatitis is as im/ortant as

    usin dru thera/y

    Traditional aents 1lucocorticoids antihistamines0

    and newer aents 1TI"s0 are availa2le to treat this

    condition

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    Thank you