Ato-Challange in Textile Processing

8/12/2019 Ato-Challange in Textile Processing

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CHALLENGE IN TEXTILEWET PROCESSING

Hardianto, S.S.T., M.Eng

SEKOLAH TINGGI TEKNOLOGI TEKSTIL

(School of Textile Technology)

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Definition

Text ile wet processing is the process in any

textile finishing treatment. Where, this process is

applied on textile in the form of liquid with

involves some for chemical action on the textile.

Textile wet processing is the process in the

production of textiles which is applied on

textiles in the form of liquid where somechemical action is involved.

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Source: http://textechdip.wordpress.com/contents/wet-processing/


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Wet Processing Flow Chart

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Grey Fabric Singeing Desizing

ScouringBleachingMercerizing

Dyeing/Printing Finishing Inspection


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Distribution of textile auxiliaries by market share

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Pretreatment

17% Weaving

auxiliaries

14%

Spinning

auxiliaries

9%

Dyeing &

printing

20%

Finishing

products

40%

Source: W.D.Schindler and P.J.Hauser, Chemical Finishing of Textiles, Woodhead Publishing Ltd., Cambridge-England, 2004


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Specific pollutants from textile wet

processing operation

Process Compound

Desizing Sizes, starch, waxes, surfactants

Scouring Disinfectants and insectisides residues, NaOH, surfactants, soaps,

fats, waxes, pectin, oils

Bleaching AOX, sodium silicate, organic stabilizer, high pH

Mercerizing NaOH, high pH, surfactants

Dyeing Colour (dyestuff), metal salts, surfactants, organic processing

assistants, sulphide, acidity/alkalinity, formaldehyde

Printing Urea, solvents, colour, metals, surfactants, organic compound

Finishing Resins, waxes, chlorinated compound, acetate, stearate, solvents,

softeners, formaldehyde

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Adapted and modified from: Joseph Egli, Waste water treatment in the textile industry, Pakistan Textile Journal, October 2007


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4 Categories of waste generated from

textile industry

1. Hard to treat wastes

2. Hazardous or toxic wastes

3. High volume wastes

4. Dispersible wastes

6Source: DR. Subrata Das, Textile effluent treatment-a solution to the environmental pollution


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Hard to treat wastes

This category of waste includes those that arepersistent, resist treatment, or interfere with the

operation of waste treatment facilities.

Non-biodegradable organic or inorganic materials

are the chief sources of wastes, which contain

colour, metals, phenols, certain surfactants, toxic

organic compounds, pesticides and phosphates.



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Hard to treat wastes

The main sources are: Colour & metal dyeing operation

Phosphates preparatory processes and dyeing

Non-biodegradable organic materials surfactants

Since these types of textile wastes are difficult to treat, the

identification and elimination of their sources are the best

possible ways to tackle the problem. Some of the

methods of prevention are chemical or processsubstitution, process control and optimization,

recycle/reuse and better work practices.8


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Hazardous or toxic wastes

These wastes are a subgroup of hard to treat wastes.But, owing to their substantial impact on the

environment, they are treated as a separate class.

In textiles, hazardous or toxic wastes include:

metals, chlorinated solvents,

non-biodegradable or volatile organic materials.

Some of these materials are often used for non-process

applications such as machine cleaning.



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High volume wastes

Large volume of wastes is sometimes a problem for thetextile processing units. Most common large volume

wastes include:

Wash water from preparation and continuous dyeing

processes and alkaline wastes from preparatoryprocesses

Batch dye waste containing large amounts of salt, acid

or alkali

These wastes sometimes can be reduced by recycle orreuse as well as by process and equipment modification.



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Dispersible wastes

The following operations in textile industry generate highlydispersible waste:

Waste stream from continuous operation (e.g.

preparatory, dyeing, printing and finishing)

Print paste (printing screen, squeeze and drum cleaning) Foam from coating operations

Solvents from machine cleaning

Still bottoms from solvent recovery (dry cleaning

operation) Batch dumps of unused processing (finishing mixes)



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Challenge: Process Innovation

To develop sustainable textile finishing process

Water, chemicals and energy conservation

Environmentally friendly chemicals

Improvement of durability of Textile

Improvement of functionality

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Eco-Friendly Textile Process

Pretreatment Enzymatic treatment

Enzymatic desizing

Bio-scouring/degumming

Bio-bleaching

Bio-washing

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Enzyme used in textile wet processing

Process Enzyme used

Desizing Amylase

Scouring Pectinase

Bleaching Laccase, glucose oxidase, peroxidase

Excess dye removal Peroxidase

Denim finishing Cellulase

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Benefit

Reduction of water and energy consumptionBetter hand feel

Improve durability


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Eco-Friendly Textile Process (cont.)

Printing

Ink jet digital printing

Finishing

Free formaldehyde finishing

Plasma treatment

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Conclusion

It is our challenge to continuously innovatetoward a sustainable textile wet processing.

We all must have a sense of responsibility and

awareness to save the environment through

minimizing waste,

finding and using environmentally friendly

chemicals,

reducing energy use, improving a greener process

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Phase Diagram of Supercritical Fluid

18Source: http://www.nasa.gov/vision/earth/technologies/harvestingmars_prt.htm

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Ato-Challange in Textile Processing