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A ST RO LO GY
A N D I T S
CONNECT ION W ITH VEDANTA
c; V E N KA T A m o,
A cting T aluk Sheristadar of
Rayadrug, Bellary D isz‘riof
,
W
PART I
5551 E D I T I O N .
(100 0 C epies )
Printed by D ,V . KRI ST N A N C c .,
A T T H E RA MA V I L A SA P RE SS,
BE L L A RY.
1899 .
A ll rights feserved.
E R R A T A .
RE AD .
P reface 13 benificial beneficial .7 10 12th January to 12th A pril to
12th January 12th A pril.
PRE FACE .
Numerous pamphlets in E nglish on H indu Astro n
logy,having appeared of late, the publication of this Edi
t ion seems to be a superfluity and calls for a word of
explanation.
Almost all the works extant treating about Astrology are, more or less, verbatim translations of the original sanskrit works . T he student
'
is asked Simply to notedown the methods of calculation without any explanationsas to what the various figures in the calculations representI nstances are no t a few in which an Astrologer has beenable to prepare calendars fo r a series of years by merelyw orking o ut the formulae w ithout himself know ing the
meaning of an intercalary month . O ne of the benificialresults of the advance of education has been, as one of
the eminent civilians presiding at a prize distribution ina college lately said , to make men inquisitive in its bestsense . English students of Astrology often come in con
tact with technical words and methods of calculatione ven when they take up the most elementary books onAstrology so much so that an elementary knowledge of
the arrangement of the heavenly bodies and Astronomyis absolutely essential .
V arious students of Vedanta have also found , that inthe study of the creat ion of the world and other mattersc onnected with the Hindu ceremonies a. knowledge ofA strology and Astronomy 1s necessary . T he object ofthis book, which 1s to form the first of a series , is therefore ,chiefly, to give a brief description of the various techni
calities which occur in every work on Astrology, and the
positions o f the planets etc,in as simple a language as
possible avoiding technical terms . I n doing so the authordoes no t aim at any display of scholarly knowledge ofeither Hindu Astrology or Astronomy . A s a zealous student of the subject for some years having himself ex
perienced great difficulties in understanding the subject hehas ventured to publish the following pages with a hope,that they may serve as a guide to others sim ilarly circumstanced, who may have a fancy for the subject and yet mayhave given Up its study for want of suitable books whichexplain the technicalities . I fear I may be criticised as
being unduly callous in attempting at publication, withbut a smattering knowledge in the language as well asthe subject but I close my preface with the followingwords of Cardinal Newman which I hope will fully meetthe public criticism
Wholesome as public opinion is as a principle, it hasin commonw ith all things human, great imperfectionsandmakes
'
fmany m istakes”
.
I f I am charged with being shallow on the one partor off- hand on the other , if I myself feel that fastidiousness at my own attempts, I shall console myself withthe
‘
reflection that life is no t long enough to do more thanour best, whatever that may be that they who are evertaking aim make no hits ; that they who never venturenever gain that to be ever safe is to be ever feeble and
that to do some substantial good is the compensation formuch accidental perfection.
T he appearance of this book has been rendered practicable only through the help of M . R . Ry . V ijianaga
‘ram
Kristna Row Garu of Bellary and the author cannot thankhim too much .
T he A uthor.
A ST R O L O GY A N D I T S C O N N E C T I O N
W I T H . V E D A N T A .
“ w . “
C H A PT E R 1.
Astrology and A stronomy formed a favourite studyof the H indus in ancient days . A knowledge of the subjcet was found essential to understand the Para Brahmam .
It forms one of the sixangams or auxiliaries of the V ed
antic literature, and in fact without a knowledge of
A strology some portion of the V edas, especially the
Mantras, may not be correctly understood . According to
theED harmasastras every individual has to enter into 16
stages of life commencing from his birth , known generally as the ShodasaxKarma
”35’
56 0 0 0 0 ) the most important of which are the Thread - marriage or theUpanaya
nam and Marriage. E very V edic Mantra relating to theseKarmas, nay, even the daily ablutions of the Brahman
known as the Sa-ndhya has a reference to the constellation of stars, the Lunar and Solar motions, the planets ,and also to deities ruling the five elements . A knowledgeof these is therefore necessary“ to correctly know the
meanings of the; Mantrams and it is to attain this knowledge the H indus have recourse to the Jyo thisha Sastraand not for purposes of lucre, nor for purposes of curiosity
2 . T he '
V edanta contemplates three classes ofA tmas known generally as A dhikar ies as
noted in the margin. Under the first classcome the Yogis who are always in earnestdevot1ou towards P ara Brahmam and who !
have. no regard for. the earthly transient seem ing happi ~
2
ness . T he second class consists of persons of muchdevotion but sailing in the ocean of Samsara p r worldlycares combating to seek after the true knowledge or T atwa . Under the third class come all the persons who
covet only the earthly happiness . T he first class of soulsis above the stage of Karma, that is to say, their devot ion is so staunch that their minds cannot be divertedto any other things ; anything they do will be pure and
v irtuous and always turn to an advantageous account .T he last class of persons may be styled as outlaws , and
any number of penal clauses will no t swerve them fromtheir path . They are doomed to be incor rigible. It istherefore only to the middle class of persO ns with an i in
steady mind,’
but still open to conviction,that the Srutis
and Smritis prescribed the religious rites as expiatio ‘
n ofsin. Astrology has a close bearing on Karma Vedantaand also contemplates the three sets of A dhikaries above
enumerated.
3 . To the first every second in the Eternity i s sacred and auspicious a nd coeval w ith the ever existing- Sup
reme Being and as such they need not ‘grope for auspiciousor inauspicious hours . Theirmotto is thereforethat ofMan
davya a great Rishi and Yogi “W 535
Astrology is therefore of no use to them . I t is
likewise useless to the materialists coming under the lastclass . T he middle class of persons to whose relief Karmaic
Mantras exist has therefore to be guided by Astrology .
Without know ing this distinction many in the present
days fall into error . This book does not purpose to dealw ith religious questions but simply sets forth how the
students o f the subject believed it in ancient days and as
0 K&O o
3
such the arguments of the materialists as to the truthfulness of Hindu Astrology will no t be discussed herein.
4 . H ow and on what‘po ints a study of A strology
would help the study of V edas will be noted in dealingwith the subjects separately . T he H indu Astrology dealswith four distinct subjects, and the object of this littlebook is to present to the reader an outline of the systemin which those subjects are treated .
They are
1 . Astrological calculations or A stronomy (Sidhanta)2 . Jataka or Horoscope.
3 . T he Muho o rtam or auspicious hours .
4 . T he Presna or Predictions on questions .
5. T he first subject has been sufficiently dealt withby the English Astronomical treatises and it seems unnecessary to dwell on it more than what is actually re
quired for the study,
of the remaining three branches .
I t is only the remaining other subjects that have beenallowed to remain in darkness and they will be dealt within the following chapters in order .
CHAPT E R II .
0
E ssentials ofAstrology Every scientific workdeals with three subjects generally—subjects which formthe basis for the whole structure . Thus a Geometriciandivides his subject into a Point, a Line, and a Superficiesa Logician into Terms, P repo sitions, and Syllogisms ; a
Chemist into Solids, Liquids, and Gases or into Acids,Alkalies and Salts . T he same is the case with reference toAstrology . T he prime factors are (1) T he Time. (2) T heSpace (3 ) T he Planets . Esoterically these three factorsmay be taken to represent three Elements of creation, §viz ,the Soul , the Prakriti and the Karma, the Space representing the Prakriti, Time the Karma and the Planets theSoul .
2 . T he rotation of the planets through space in theirfixed time is the cause of the various phenomena in thisworld . T he movements of the planets afford but a m iniature proof as to how the Almighty Creator regulates histask of creation of this world .
3 . T he All - wise Creator creates a body from P ra
kriti according to the soul’s Karma and thrusts that soulinto the body. A s these bodies are of different dispositions itmust be presumed that they are quite distinct fromtheir Creator and no t his manifestations, for then, thattheory would detract the Almighty to the position of amortal. Since this book is not intended to discuss religions, it is sufficient to simply note that in arguing similarpoints in connection w ith Philosophy
, the relation between V edanta and Astrology can be stretched to anyextent, and that a knowledge of Astrology will be useful .
5
4 . T ime and its Sub- divisions. N ecessity for
Sub-division Time as is well - known is always fleet
ing and eternal , and to identifya particular portion oftime is therefore a very difficult task .
5. T he several nationsofthe world have thereforebeen in the habit of calculating time with reference to aparticular event of importance, such as the birth ofafamous king or a prophet or a conquest and thus havesprung up the Christian E ra, the H ijira, the V ikramarka
and Salivahana'
Eras and the Kollum Andu .
6 . I n Hindu Astrology similarly the creation o f
Brahma is the beginning of calculations and its sub - divisions are named w ith reference to the subsequent epochs .
T he V arious sub - divisions may be classed into (1) T heGeneral (2 ) T he Specific . T he distinction between the
two is very important and may be known from the following examples .
7. Hindu sub - divisions ofT ime —T he Gen
eral sub - divisions are a Kalpa, a Manvantra, a Yuga, anE ra or a Sakha, a Century, i . e. a Generation, a Year, aSeason or Ruthu , a Month , a Fortnight , a W eek,
‘
aD ay ,an Hour, a Ghatika and a V ighatika . These are generalterms . Standards vary, i . e. the periods covered by themare no t uniform e. g. the number of years comprised in a
Swayambhuva Manvantra need no t be the same as that inthe V yvasvatha, nor is the number of years in a Kali Yugathe same as that in the remaining three Yugas . T he difference is the same as that observed in specified Englishmonths such as January, February 8150 while a month 1s
generally 30 days .
6
D efinitions of some periods
T he follow ing definitions of sub - division of time willhe found to be useful . A Kalpa representsthe lifetime of
‘
Brahma . Manvantra shows the lifetime of a Mann. There!a re 14 Manvantras in one Brahma Kalpa . T he peri o di s no t uniform. A Yuga is a large sub - division of time
5but less than a Manvantra and is named according tor ise and decline of Vedantic knowledge. Thus in Krita
Yuga Vedantic knowledge was in its ascendancy, in Thrai tha Yuga 3
1; less , in D wapara Yuga -é less, and in Kali
Yuga g of the V edantic Splendour is devoured by the
‘
various other religions . These Yugam s may be taken toc orrespond with the anc lent classifications of the Golden,
the Silver and the Iron age.
9. A year ' is generally the time o ccupied by the
r otation of a planet ro und the Earth . There are as manyd ifferent years as there are planets , and the period variesa ccording to their distance from the E arth . Thus a Lunar
year measures only 354 days, while a Solar year has3 65days . T he year of Mars is still longer. So also isthat of Jupiter and Saturn in order .
10 . Hindu years generally in vogue But
though there are difierent years for each planet accordingto its distance from the earth Hindus generally divided the
years into only five classes for purposes of their religiousr ites . They are 1) T he C handramana , (2) T he Sowramana (3 ) T he Savana, (4) T he N akshatramana (a) T heBarhaspathyamana.
1] T he C handramana runs from the P ratipada orthe first day of the bright fortnight of Chaitra month tothe N ew Moon day of P halgunameasuring in all only 354
days .What the months represent will be explained in
the subsequent pages . For the present ' it may be men
tioned that the year derived its name from the motion of
the Moon,for
,the N ew Moon days and other T hithies , as
w ill be explained later on, depend solely on the motions
of the Moon.
T he Sowramana or the Solar year runs fromthefirst
day of the Sun’s entering Mesham o r Aries to the day of
his leaving Meenam o r P iesces. I t consists generally from
12th the
?to 12thW M
The avana represents any period of 360 days.
T he N akshatrika year got its name from the con
stellation of the stars. A rotation of thefconstellation 12times is a N akshatrika year .
"
A s there are 2 7 constellations this year amounts to 12x27 or 824 - days .
A BarhaSpathya. year derives its name from the
motion of the Jupiter . T he period of his stay in a Rasiv
is styled a Barhaspathy’
a year . It generally extends to,361 days .
12 . I n India the solar, year is the one that is adopted“
by all classes fo r purposes of calculation, while the lunaryear is recognised fo r purposes ofceremonies ; the remaining are taken into considerationby certain “ classes inNorthern India only . T he difference in the length oftime of the various years is an important pOint to be bornein mind in studying the subject
'
of creation.
5T he Deva
mana is different from any of the years abOvef statedbecause the planets have no control over the z
Di
evas . A
D evamana year amounts to several ordinaryfso lar years .
A Brahmakalpa 181 311} indefinitely long period .
2
8
13: T he minor sub -divisions of a year viz ; a season,a month , a fortnight, a week, a day, an hour, a ghatika
and a vighatika, also vary 1n their length of time in the
same proportion as the years of the various denominations , but the general principles of constitution hold goodthroughout viz .
12 months make One year .2 months make one season.
30 days make one month .
60 ghatikas make one day .
60 vighatikas make one ghatika .
Thus a N akshatrika month consists of 27 days .
A N akshatrika day consists of the number ofghatikas noted in the calendar .
A Solar month consists from 28 to 3 1 days .A Lunar month from 29 to 31 days .
A Solar day , cconsists of 60 ghatikas .A Savana month consists of 30 days .
A Barhaspathya month, 30 T1§days .
Smaller sub - divisions than a,
v ighatika may be
obtained by means of sexagesimal method .
14. T he specific sub divisions of time are namedwith reference to the spaces through which the planetsmove m the particular time. Thus the motion of the Sunin a particular division of space
, say A ries, gives themonth the name of Mesham, while the movement of theMoon 111 the constellation of the star named Chaitra givesthe lunar month the name of Chaitra.
Intercalary months h e
15. T he solar and the lunar years run almost concurrently. T hus the solar month Mesha falls in.
the
9
lunar month Chaitra and V rishabha in V ysakha and so
on. Indeed it cannot be otherwise, for, the'
lunar monthsderived their names from the position of the Moon on
the bright fortnight which is dependant on the motion ofthe Sun. But since the planets do no t keep the same
pace the lunar year is nearly 10 days less than the solaryear . If this difference is made to continue it i s clearthat in every 3 years there w ill be a difierence betweenthe solar and lunar months and cause considerable con
fusion in the identification of the m onths and astrologicalcalculations . It is to m eet this difficulty that in lunaryears intercalary months are provided once in3 years .
Thus when it happens that m the month of Chaitra the
Sun enters V rishabham instead of Mesham there w ill bean intercalary Chaitra month . This 1s known as Malamasa
’ It is of two kinds —A dikamasa or a
m onth in excess and a Kshyamasa or a month of difficiency.
They are defined in Hindu Dharmasastras to be as
followsA month is termed as A dikamasa when there is no
change in the Rasi in which the sun moves, o r in otherwords, A dikamasa occurs when there is a difference ofnearly 30 days between the solar and the lunar
i
months
as in the example above - noted, or to be Simpler still , whenthere are 13 lunar months in a solar year .
A Kshayamasa occurs when in the same lunarmonth the Sun moves in more than one complete Sign orBest as may be seen from the following example.
A lunar month generally extends over a period ofnearly 30 days from Suddha P ratipada to A mavasya but
the periods of solar month like those of the E nglishmonths are not uniform . When, therefore a solar month
10
has only 28 days like the month of February it is quitepossible there may be 2 solar m onths , one for the first28 days and other for the remaining 2 days in a completeform . When such a combination occurs the m onth iscalled a Kshayamasa for in a solar year there occur only1l lunar months
A dikamasa 1S of more frequent occurrence and
systematically recurs once in 30 or 3 1 months while a
Kshayamasa occurs very rarely once in 141 years and
subsequently after 19 years in a fixed" ratio and that to o
o nly during winter when the solar months are’
very short .
T he Malamasas affect considerably the dates of
Hindu . cerem onies, and also the annual ceremonies performed m memory of the deceased and are thereforenoted with great accuracy . A ll these are Special sub
d1V 1S10 ns of time.
16 . T he various sub - divisions of time w ith reference to the motion o f the planets in a particular spacew ill be noted later on.
17. To a searching m ind the above summary, it ishoped , will be sufficient to create an impression thatbesides the earth there are other worlds existing, thatthe planets have control over the earth only, that theDevas or Apostles are superior to men and are subject tocontrol of Brahma the Creator who is himself subordi
nate to the Almighty, that the whole set of creationhas a beginning and an end and cannot be false w ith a
symmetry in creation and system in the rotation of days,seasons and years and that the Hindu shastras toorecognize only one Supreme Being and no t many Godsas other religionists seem to suppose that Hinduism does,
CHAPT E R III .
Space and its sub- divisions
For purposes of Astrology the whole Universe is
divided into 12 portions and each portion is nameda Rasi . T he annexed diagram will show the positionsof the divisions, how the planets are considered torevolve round them and how the various phenomena
of the world are formed . For the present it wouldbe sufficient to ~
uote merely the sub - divisions in space .
2 . T he equator forms the limit from which the sub
divisions are effected.
3 . A s stated above the planets have control overonly the Earth but the whole globe is divided into 14:
portions each called a Loka or a continent and details ast o these sub - divisions may be found in Bhagavata .
Skandams 3 and 5.
A -Rasi or a Z odiacal sign is made up of 30 degrees or Bhagas . A Bhaga is made up of 60 L ipthis .
60 V ilipthis make one L ipthi . Further sub - divisions ofSpacefmay be effected similarly by means of the sexagesimal method .
Planets z
4 . T he number of planets recognized in Hindu Astrology isnot uniform . Some Sages give out only one sometwo , some seven, somenine and others sixteen. From thisit is not to be inferred that the existence of the planetsnot recognized by any one set of philosophers is to bedoubted in any way . All that can be said is that for purposes of calculation the founder of a particular Sidhanta
15
adopted the motion of only a single planet . Thus th’
e
writer of the Surya Sidhanta calculates from the motionof the sun,
that of the Sukranadi from those of the V enusand so on. T he planets that are generallyrecognized forpurposes of prediction at the present day are ( 1) the‘SUn
(2 ) Moon, (3) Mars, (4 ) Mercury , (5) Jupiter, (6) V omis
( 7) Saturn, (8) Rahu and (9) Ketu . T he last ‘
two are
considered to be only no t independent plan’
ets . Minorplanet
'
s are also recognized in making certain special'
pre
dictions as to rain fall, the rise of prices a nd the state ofthe season 850 . T hey are ( 1 ) I ndrachapa (rain bow) ,
( 2 ) D humaketu (comet) , (3) T he P arivesha (the circleoften described round the moon) , (4) the Gulika and
(5) Yamakantaka.
5. T he Westerns have often accused the Hindusof being superstitious in thinking mere material globesas living bodies and calling them planets and givingthem attributes and passions of human beings such as lovefriendship, enm ity etc . T hey have no t formed a correctunderstanding of the H indu ways of thinking . T he V I S I
ble discs of the Sun, Moon and o ther planets and starsare undoubtedly globes full ofmountains and rivers fit
for habitation. T he Hindu does not deny this and in
fact the travels of Ravana in Ramayana give a full description of these globes .
6 . E very country is generally named after its ruler,and as such the various globes received their appellationswith reference to those of the rulers who are like mortals endowed with forms, sense and feelings but with a
superior knowledge. I t is these that are adored by the
Rishis every day and to whom the Brahmans dedicate
16
their ablutions . This should no t be forgotten as it isvery important in understanding the meanings of theV edas.
7 . Further in numerous works on Astrology severalstars and planets are represented to be blind, some are
stated to be cruel and some lame etc . These versionsalways mean no t that the planets and stars (i . e the
souls ruling the globes) are really so but that theirm ission is to produce those effects on the mortals overwhom they sway . A n executioner is always representedto be cruel because his duty is such , but naturally he
may be very sympathetic . So is it in the case of planets .
All of them are the apostles of the Almighty and carryo ut his biddings . This point should also be clearlyunderstood whenever in future the planets are given ln
congruous attributes .
C H APT E R I V ‘
20
C onstellations of.Stars.
Besides the planets the Hindu A stro logytrecogniZesthe constellation of 27 fixed stars. They are situatedfar offfrom the planets and they serve as a guide, todistinguish the commencement of the 12 ' z od1acal signs .
Thus A svini and Bharani and a fourth of Krithika con
stitute the sign of Mesham or A ries and the next twoand a quarter stars constitute the 2nd sign and so on.
Thus the 27 stars make up the 12 zodiacal s1ghs .
All that is meant 1s that commencing from the
centre of the globe, the w hole Space covered by a sectorformed by the two radii meeting the various stars forms a
Rasi and whenever it i s sand that a particular planetmoves in a particular sign it is to be understood that itis m ovmg m the space covered by the Basi, and no t thatit actually comes in contact or collision w ith the stars .
Sim ilarly when two or three planets are"
Stated'
to movein the same Rasi they are not supposed to clash w itheach other but they remain distinct and cast their sha
dows over other planets in the course of theirmotion and
thus give rise to the various phenomena known as eclipses .
T he mention of the stars ; in A strology is particularlyintended to distinguish portions of space and thus whenever in any calendar it has to be stated t hat ua planetmoves to a certam Sign the planet 1s always representedto move towards the constellation of the star comprisedin the Rasi . Further, themovements ofthe planets notedwith reference to the stars afford greater details for pur
3
18
poses of calculation than those noted only with referenceto Rasi .
I nwhat way these details will beuseful will benotedin the chapters relating to Shadvarga under the heading‘H oroscopy’
.
T he 27 constellations are as noted below
1 . A svini
2 . Bharani Mesha.
3 Krithika if
do .
4. !Rohini5. Mrigasira
4}
do .Mithuna.
P unarvasu g
Karkataka or Kataka.
P ubba or Purvaphalguni Simha.
‘
Uttara
do .
H astha
C hittha
do .Swathi
do;17 . A nuradha V rischika.
18 Jeshta
CH APT E R V .
T he H indu Calendar and its use.
Hindus, as is well known, have always been a religions race and their chief task has always beento pronounce Vedic Mantrams and propitiate the Gods . To thisend they used to be always on their alert to know the
fittest opportunities to offer their To do this aknowledge of the movements of the heavenly bodies wasessential and tablets of calculations were framed . T he
movements of every day are arrived at and are recordedin a book which is the H indu calendar or P anchangam .
2 . T he Hindus classified the days under 5heads inorder to judge the sanctity of a day and it is these 5headsthat are recorded in the P anchangam which literallymeans the 5members . They are (1) the T hithi (2 ) V an
ram or the day of the week (3) Yogam (4) Karanam and
(5) N akshatram or the constellation of the stars . Whatthese terms really mean will be explained in the following pages .
‘
8. T he Sun is considered to be the lo rd of all theplanets and in the Hindu Shastras he 18 given a prom inent place in respect of power and knowledge and as a
generator of rain . All sacrifices and all ablutions are
offered through him . H is movements form the best datato determine the sanctity of the season. A ll epochs affecting the movements of the Sun are considered to be verysacred. T hus the hours of sunv rise, suns et and the
mid- day when the shadows turn, are always consideredto be sacred . T he A yanams, when the diurnal coursesofthe Sun change, the first date of Solar months when
2 1
the Sun leaves one sign and enters .into another and the
days of eclipse are also considered sacred .
4 .Next in importance to the Sun
’ comes the Moonwho is . likewise adored by the H indus . T he Lunar ecli
pee, the Full and the N ew Moon days are considered to bevery sacred . Thus the '
sanctity of a day entirely depends
on‘
the movements of the Sun and the Moon.
5. T he 5points'
coi1sidered in the Hindu calendarare based on the facts
.
affectingthe Sun and the Moon.
T he T hithi represents the distance between the Sun“
and
the Moon. O n the N ewMoon day they are'
in one and
the same sign and the orbit of one constellation of star .O n Full Moonday they are diametrically opposite being180 degrees apart. T he position in the interim every dayis the T hithi mentioned in the P anchangam . This i s a
specific sub division of time . T he dates of the A yanams
that is the changes in the equinoxes of the Sun are, as
already stated , important epochs fo rmmg the basis of1‘calculation .
6 . T he position of the Sun and the Moon as c alcu
lated from the stars at the’
equinoxal points is representedby the word
“Yoga”: T he equinoxal stars are Pushya
and Sravana. To know the' “Yoga”
the stars in whichthe Sun and the Moon move are counted from these starsand the result is the “Yoga”
. T his 1s also a specific sub“
divismn of time.
7. T he N akshatra or the star of the day means (the(constellation m which the Moo n will be
'
moving that day .
I 8. T he day of the week (V ara) represents the
planet W ho rules the day. Before dwelling on this portion it is necessary to eXplain
fthe word “H ora”
“H ora” literally'
means an hour. E ach hour is gov
22
erned by a planet in the following order . Sun, V enus,
'
Mercury, Moon, Saturn, Jupiter and Mars. T he firstday of the week is Sunday . T he last hour that day is
governed by Mercury (a; leaving a remainder T he
succeeding ‘Hora’is therefore of Moon and the nextday
is‘
therefore termed'
Monday . Similarly the other daysof the week take theirname from the planet who rules thehour at the time of sun- rise. T he following extract froma P anchangam will be illustrated in detail as to whateach term literally means
Extract from the C alendar for H evilambi.
December 23 - 1897. Margali l oth Thursday .
A mavasai 49- 15. Jeshta 6- 15Ganda 6 - 53.
C hathushpad 21- 5. Divi V ishaghatika 2533 .
A mritha 47- 57. Athi V ishaghatika 3 1 22 .
A hassu 27 40 Moola 4 Ravi 558 &c .
E xplanation:Margali 1s a Tamil name for Sagittarius . Tamil months
are always solar months . Hence the term signifies that theSun ismoving in Sagittarius for the last 10 days . T he dat
would also show that the Sun is moving in Moola star .
A mavasai means that the Sun and the Moon move in thesame sign and that their conj unction will last until theexpiry of 49 ghatikas or 1 30 A . M . in the night .
Jeshta indicates that the Moon is moving in thatstar and that after 6 ghatikas i .6 . 8- 30 A . M . will be moving in
‘
Moola.
Ganda'
ie the name of the “Yoga on the day.
Sun’s star from Pushya is 12 and that of theMoon fr
Sravana. is 25. T he tolal is 37. , D ivding i t by 27have 10 and the l oth is termed Ganda.
.9. .While ‘Yoga’represents the i combined result
23
the daily positions of the Sun and the Moon from the
equinoxal points the Karana represents the differentiating result that is the difference between the motions ofthe Moon and the Sun as measured from the centre ofthe E arth .
10 . Similarly calculating from the commencement ofthe Z odiacal sign the centre of the E arth the Sun hasmoved 250 ° approximately and the Moon 240 ° approm
mately . T he difference between them i s the “Karana”
of the day .
11 . To sum up, the P anchangam simply shows the position of the Sun independently and theMoon independentlyand the relationship between their positions as viewedfrom theequinoxal points and as viewed from the centre ofthe E arth . A knowledge of all these combinations 1s as
necessary for a H indu as a knowledge of dates andmonthsand witnesses is necessary for any executor of a document . For, the Hindu believing in transmigration of soulsconsiders the Sun and the Moon as the best witnesses ofhis deeds . This is the idea that is stated in the Sankal
pam which means aresolution and which - merely“
runs as
followsf‘Know that on such and such ‘
a day when the Sun and
the Moon are moving 1n such a sign and so on, in such avillage, situated to the South of Godaveri &c . I do , to
please theAlmighty, the deed known as &c . Thus everybit of A strology may be shown to have close connectionwith V edanta.
12 . T he other things viz . V isha and Amrita Ghatikasdenote the inauspicious and auspicious hours of the day .
13 . T he term “A hassu”denotes the period of the
day as distinguished from the night .
CH APT E R V I .
Being thus far given a bird’s - eye
- view of what iscontained in a Hindu Calendar and the expressions thatcome into play in the Hindu Astrology the reader will dowell to remember the following sub- divisions oftime .
A cycle contains 60 years .
1) P rabhava, (2) V ibhava,(3) Sukla (4) P ramoduta(5) P rajo tpatti, (6) A ngirasa, Srimukha, (8) Bhava ,(9) Yeva, (10 ) D hathu, ( 11) Eswara, ( 12) Bahudhanya,( 13) P ramadi, ( l4) - V ikrama, (15) V ishu, (16) O hitrabhanu , (17) Swabhanu, (18) Tarana, (L9) P arthiva, (20 ) V yaya, (21) Sarvajithu, (22 ) Sarvadhari, (23) V irodhi, (24 )
V ikruti, (25) Khara, (26) Nandana, (27) V ijaya, (28) Jaya,(29) Manmatha, (30 ) D urmukhi, (31) H evilambi, (32) V 1lambi (33 )
‘
V ikari, (34) Sarvari, (36) Subhakritu , (37) Sobhakritu, (38) Krodhi, (39) V isvavasu,
(40 ) P arabhava, (41) P lavanga, (42 ) Kilaka, (43) Sowmya
(44) Sadharana, (45) V irodhikritu , (46) P aridhavi, (47)P ramadicha, (48) Ananda, (49) Rakshasa, (50 ) Nala ,
(51) Pingala, (52 ) Kalayukti, Sidharti, (54) Boudri,(55) D urmathi, (56) D undubhi, (57) Rudiroidgari, (58)Rakthakshi, (59 ) Krodhana, (60 ) A kshaya.
Butus or Corresponding Solar months EnglishSeasons . Lunar months . ( T amilz) months .
1 V as'
antha ' fl . Chaitra Mash a or C hitri April .Ruthu 2 .
'
V aisaka V rishabha orV ikasi May .
2 . Greeshma
{3 Jyeshta Mithunam or A 111 June.
Ruthu 4. A shada Kataka or A di. July .
25
Rutus or C orresponding Solar months English
Seasons. Lunar months . (Tamil .) months .
3 . V arsha 5. Sravana Simha or A vani. August .Ruthu . 6. Bhadrapada Kanya or Septem
P arattasi . ber . ,
4. Sarad 7. Asv13a Thula or A ippasi . O ctober‘
Ruthu. 8. Karthika V rischika or}Novem
Karthigai. her.
9. Margasira Dhanu or Decem~
5. H imanthakMargali. ber .
Ruthu . 10 . Pushya Ma ara or
Thai.January .
11. MaghaMasi .
12 . P alguna h
g
eena or March .
angum.
2 . T he lunar months as already stated go t theirnames w ith reference to the, stars generally occurring on
the full moon days . They are (1) Chitha, (2) V isakha,( 3) Jeshta, (4) Purva A shada, (5) Sravana, (6) Purvabhadra, ( 7) A svini, (8) Krithika, (9) Mrigasira,(10 ) Pushya, ( 11) Makha, (12) V uttara P ulguni.
3 . It may therefore be easy for the reader to workout for himself roughly without the help of the calendarthe results recorded in the P anchangam .
T hithies—15.
4. (1) P rathipada. (2) D withiya . (3) T hrithiya.
(4) O hathurthi. (5) Panchami (6) Shashti. ( 7 Sapthami.
(8) Ashtami . (9) N avami. ( 10 ) Dasami . (11) E kadasi.(12) D wadasi. ( 13 ) T hrayodasi. (14) O hathurdasn ( 15)P ournima or A mavasya . T he bright fortnight is calledSukla Paksha and the dark fortnight Kristna Paksha.
Yogams—27 .
5. ( 1) V ishkambham . (2 ) P reethi. (3 ) A yushman
(4) Soubhagya. (5) Sobhana . (6) A thiganda . (7) Sukarma
(8) D hruthi. (9) Sula. (10 ) Ganda . ( 11) V ridhi. ( 12 ) D hru
va . ( 13 ) V yaghata . ( 14 ) Harsha. ( 15) V ajra . (16) Sidhi .( 17 ) V yathipatha . ( 18) Variyan, ( 19) P arigha . (20 ) Siva .
(2 1) Sidha . (22) Sadhya . ( 23 ) Subha. (24) Suxbhra (Sukla)(25) Brahma . (26) Mahendra ( A indra) . (27) V ydhruthi.
Karanams—l 1.
6 . ( l ) Bava . ( 2 ) Balava . (3 ) Kowlava . (4) T hithula.
(5) Garija. (6) V anikja . (7) V ishti (Bhadra) . (8) Sakani .
(9) O hathuspath . (10 ) Nagava.
Gowripa'
nchangam or Auspici ous periods ina day.
7 1 3 4. 5 6 7 s
D ay G G B G G G G BSunday Night . G e B B B e e B
G B G G B G G GrMonday {Night B G G G B G G GD ay B G B G G G BTuesday {Night (1 B B G B G G GD ay B G G G B G G GWednesday {n ht . G B B G G G G“
B B G G B BThursday { N ight/ o G B B G G B G G
B B G B G G G GB B G G G G B
G B G G GG G
'
G G B G G”
G denotes good and‘
B bad .
8. E ac or an hour and a half . Besidesd theGulikakalam occur
CHAPT E R V I I .
Sub- dunsmns ofSpace.
Rasis 12
1 . Mesha, 2 . V rishabha, 3 . Mithuna, 4 . Karkataka,
5. Simha, 6. Kanya 7. Thula, 8. V rischika 9. D hanusu ,
10 . Makara, 1 l . Kumbha, 12 . Meena .
2 . T he planets have already been enumerated . A s
already stated the various phenomena in this world are
produced by the planets with reference to their movements in space, it becomes necessary to note briefly theattributes of the various signs and the bodies movingtherein. This is dealt with in the succeeding pages .
T he Rasis and thei r form.
3 . T hewhole universe is considered to form the bodyof the Creator according to Bhagavatgita . T he true eso
terio meanings of this portion can only be known after aclose study of theHindu religion and philosophy underan initiated Guru . T he saying holds good even in Astrology too . T he 12 Rasis comprise the 12 members of thebody as noted below .
4 . Mesha- H ead, V rishabha- face, Mithuna- the breastand chest, Kataka- the heart, Simha- the belly, Kanya - the
hip,Tula—the ‘
lower abdomen, V rischika- the genitalorgans,D hanu
—the thighs, Makara- the knees, Kumbha—thelegs and Meena—the feet. This division w ill be found tobe useful in predicting the nature and kind of the stolenproperty or giving out the description of a man. Thuswhen a Rasi is visited by an evil planet in the Horoscopethe corresponding member of the body of the native, will
29
have a wound or seat ‘or w ill have beenmendered unfit forwork or when a question as to lost property is asked, fromthe Laguam the description of the property can be known,such as a head ornament or a necklace or an , anklet &c .
Forms ofthe Basis.
5. T he Basis got their names from the forms theypresented to an observer . Thus,
Mesha—represents the form of a goat,V rishabha—represents the form of a bull ,Mithuna— represents the married couplesKatakam— represents the form of a crab,Simha—signifies the form of a lion,
Kanya— signifies that of a girl,Thula - signifies ,
a pair of scales ,V rischika— signifies a scorpion,
Dhanu—represents a bow ,
Makaram— represents a crocodile,Kumbha— signifies a
“
pot,and Meena—represents two fish with the tail ofeach
stuck in the mouth of the other .
Kumbha (A cquar ius) represents a man holding a po tof water over his head .
Mithuna— signifies a manwith a weapon (gadha) anda woman with a lute .
Dhanu—represents the form of a man’s face with
the trunk of a horse and a bow ln the hand .
Makara—represents the face of a deer and form of acrocodile.
Thula—signifies a man . holding a pairi
of scales andKanya signifies a girl with a boat and a light . .
30
6. T his description of Rasis will also befound to bevery useful in giving out the description of the propertylo st
'
or a child born or person about whom there is a query
put as also the description of the place of secreting .
Further remarks as to the utility of these forms may 499
found in the treatise relating to “P rasna”
.
Species ofRasis.
7 . Basis are divided into four species according tothe forms they represent, viz Reptile, Man, Water and
Quadruped .
Reptile—Scorpio or V rischika .
Man—Mithuna, Kanya, Thula, Kumbha and the firsthalf of Dhanu .
Water -Kataka, Meena and thelatter half of Makara .
Quadrupeds—Mesha, V rishabha, Simha , the latterhalf of Dhanu and the former half of Makara .
Rasis are divided into 3 classes viz .
Movable Immovable D wiswabhava or doubleChara . Sthira . natured ti e. partly movable
and party immovable.
8. It is better to lay down the principle of definingthe nature of Rasis ‘Chara, Sthira and D wiswabhava
’as
follows . Count in order from Mesha and their nature isknown.
T o sumup , the movables are Mesha, Kataka, ThulaandMakara .
T he immovables are V rishabha, Simha, V rischikaand Kumbha.
T he D wiswabhava are Mithuna., Kanya, Dhanu and
Meena.
3 1
9. This description w ill be found very useful inconnection with the questions relating to travels .
Thus when a planet situated in a movable sign rulesover a native of a horoscope, the person is sure to havea change of place. Basis are also classed into female and
male . This is necessary to find out if the native of a
horoscope is a male or a female. O dd Basis or Slgns aremale signs and even Basis are female signs: Thus
,
Mesha, Mithuna. , Simha , Thula, Dhanu andKum
bha represent male and V rishab‘
ha, Kataka, K'
anya ,
V rischika, Makara andMeena represent female signs .
D irections ofBasis
10 . T he Basis are situated as noted below .
East—Mesha and V rishabha .
South - E asF—Mithuna.
South—Katakaand Simha .
South -West—Kanya.
West—Thula. and V rischika‘
.
N orth -West—DhanuNorth—Makara. and Kumbha .
North - East—Meena.
A ccording to _Kalamrutha however, the directions
are as noted below.
East—Mesha, Simha and Dhanu .
South—V rishabha, Kanya and Makara.
West—Mithuna, Thula and Kumbha.
N orth—Kataka, V rischikaand Meena.
CHAPT E R V III
W e will next deal with the classification of planets .
T he reader should remember that the whole planetarysystem is almost similar to that of an organised Government . There is a sovereign, a minister and also othermembers of the constitution. Some planets counteractthe influences of the others just as the Police and the
Magistracy and when they are so they are said to beinimi
'
cal w ith each other. Similarly when they producesimilar results they are said to be in friendly terms . Soeach expressmn has i ts own instrinsic meaning and the
reader should no t therefore suppose that planetarydeities are themselves foes to each other .
Powers ofPlanets.
2 . Sun is the king , Moon—the queen,Mars - ~ the com
mander - in- chief, Mercury- the prince, Jupiter—theminis
ter in religious matters, V enus—the minister in politicsand Saturn—a servant .
3 . T he principle on which this classification is basedhas a bearing on the Vedanta . Mercury is the son of theMoon and as such is rightly styled as prince. Mars is
a representative of Kumaraswamy the commanderin - chief of Deva army . Even in Greecian mythologyhe is said to be the God of W
'
ar .
'
Jupiter and Venushave been represented in . the
,
Shastras to be Gurusor imparters of spiritual and soc ial knowledge and as
such they have been represented as m inisters inAstrology. Saturn is'Yama and is a dispenser of justice and
is therefore represented as a servant obeying the ordersof his Lord .
4 . Every classification in Astrology may then bconnected with the Shastras .
33
Planets and the Inner Senses5. Just as Basis represent the outer organs of human
body so do the planets with reference to the feelings and
senses . Thus Sun controls the soul (A thma) , Moon the
mind , Mars blood and strength , Mercury speech , Jupiterthe brain, V enus the passion, Saturn the life.
T he utility of this classification is that ‘
when the
planets are no t powerful in the horoscope . they considerably afiect the senses over which they have control .Thus when the Moon is no t in a favourable position the
native w ill have no peace of m ind though he may havecolossal fortune .
Control of planets over relations and other
things.
6. Sun controls father, Moon- mother, Marsbrother, Mercury—uncle, Jupiter - c‘hildren, V enus—wife,Saturn—self, Bahu—paternal grand father, and Ketupaternal grand mother.
Good and bad or cruel planets7. Sun, Mars , Saturn, Bahu and Ketu are cruel
planets.
Jupiter and V enus are mild planets.
Moon in the dark fortnight is cruel while”
in thebright fortnight he is mild .
Mercury regulates his actions with reference to thenature of the planets with whom he is in conjunction.
I ndependently he is mild .
Like the ‘
Basis planets are also classed into Malesand Females . Thus Sun, Mars, and Jupiter are Maleplanets i . 3 . they tend to the creation of male offsprings .
Moor , V enus, Bahu“
and Ketu are Female planets .
Saturn and Mercury are Eunuchs . They regulate theiractions with reference to those of others .
Castes ofplanets.8. Jupiter and V enus represent Brahmans .
Sun, Moon and Marsfi
represent Kshatriyas.5
34
Mercury -Vaisya .
Saturn— SudraBahu and Ketu fl o ther castes .
This shows that the classification as to castes didno t date only from the time of Mann but that the castesystem has been as antique as the Vedas themselves
_
9. T he annexed table shows the classification w ithreference to their control over colour , grain and elements .
t a) bi)i n as s aQ) o y—q fl fi
0“ Q “ 5
64 3D o 9 3mm 0
a a0 £2
r—40 )
b-4
326
85m
Mo
flm
sen
ass
353
imam
s
ag
a
Sea
m,
a
wme
m
o
fls
m
om
fi
fi
CHAPT E R I X .
0 0
H avmg thus given the principal classifications of the
Basis and the planets'
we have next to consider therelationship between the two ; T he Basis as alreadystated are nothing but a large extent of space and the
planets are their rulers . Some planets have a peculiaraffinity to special Basis as a particular camping place is
to a Collecto r while o ther Basis are detested by them .
T he results of a horoscope have to be judged from the
positions of these planets . T he various positions w illtherefore be noted first .
Ownership ofBasis.
2 . Sun owns Simha (L eo ) , Moon owns Kataka, Mars
owns Mesha and V rischika, Mercury owns M ithuna and
Kanya, Jupiter - Dhanu and Meena, Venus - V rishabha and
Thula, Saturn-Makara and Kumbha. Bahu and Ketuhave no Basis of their own.
3. Exaltations or V ucham andUnfavourable
places or N eechams.
Planets . V ucham .
Sun. Mesha.
Moon. V rishaba.
-Mars . Makara.
Mercury. Kanya.
Jupiter . Kataka.
V enus . Meena.
3 7
P lanets .V ucham . N eecham.
Saturn.Thula . Mesha .
Bahu .V riShaba. V rischika.
4 . Besides ownership and exaltations , the planetshave another kind of affinity towards Basis known as
the Mo o lathrikonam'
They are .
Planets . Moo lathrikonam .
Sun. Simha .
Moon. V rishabha .
Mars . Mesha .
Mercury . Kanya .
Jupiter . Dhanu .
V enus . Thula.
Saturn . Kumbha.
5. From the foregoing it may be seen‘ that
same signs or Basis fall in some cases under two or moreclasses of ownership , exaltation and Mo o lathrikonam l n
respect of the same planet . For example Mercury is theowner of Kanya , is exalted therein and has also hisMo olathrikdnamship there . It therefore becomes neces
sary to draw a line of distinction between these positions .
A Basi as is well known comprises a’ large extent of
space and amounting to 30 degrees, and these positionsare named according to
'
the number of the degree inwhich the planets moves . For facility of reference the
degrees in which aplanet is exalted , or has ownership ,or has a Moo lathrikonam affinity are noted in the
following table.
39
6. we have next to consider the relationship cf
planets as between themselves — This relationship is oftwo classes (1) natural and ( 2 ) casual . - Each has threesubdivisions v iz . (a ) Friendly Inimical and ( 0 ) Neutral .Natural relationship holds good under any circum stances ,while the casual relationship occurs only at a particularposition between the two planets , and ceases when the
position changes . Thus Sun and Saturn are naturallyenem1es but they may becom e friends . Sun and Jupiterare friends but they may for the time being become enemies .
T he two terms natural and casual are frepresented in
Astrology as N aisargika and T hathkalika .
”T he formula
to he considered in noting natural relationship is
nlsgav
go eé egs
w fi swaoembe r su Calculating from the Basi
forming the M o o lathrikonam of a planet , the owners ofthe following houses are friends—l
,2,12 5, 9, 8 and 4,
as well as the planet who is exalted in the M o o lathriko
nam BaS1, while the rest are enem ies . I n so calculatingthe owners of houses sometimes fall under only one
heading . Then they are considered to be neutral ; ag,
Sun has Simha as his Mo o lathrikonam . H is friends will
therefore be, under the above principle, Mercury, —Moon,Jupiter Mars , Jupiter and Mars . It will be seen fromthis that while the names of Mars and Jupiter occurtwice as being the owners of (4 9) and (5 8) housesrespectively, Mercury is reckoned only once as the ownerof the second house only , though beF has two houses
.
Thus he is no t a friend , but i s neutrally disposed towardsthe Sun. Mars , Moon and Jupiter are friends whileSaturn and V enus are enemies . Calculating
'
on thisprinciple the results are noted below :
Planets . Friends. Neutral .
Mars , Moon}Jupiter .
Mercury andMoon.
Jupiter , SunMars .
and Moon.
Mercury
Mercury .
V enus
sapril Moon
J 1 iter Sun,Moon Venus and
l pand Mars . Mercury .
VenusSaturn and Sun, MoonMercury . and Jupiter .
Mercury and Sun, MoonSaturn. Venus . a nd Mars .
Jupitei .
7 . T he resultshave to be gauged with reference tothe degree of relationship, for, from the ‘
above table it isclear
athat while a planet is inim ically disposed towards
another, the latter, may be friendly or neutrally disposedtowards the former . - See fo r instance Mercury and
Jupiter . I n .
‘
such cases the opposition is no t strong .
T he degrees of r elationship may be noted to be as
follows
8. Neutral friendship, friendship and neutrality,friendship and enmity, and neutral enm ity This relationship between the planets is very important to be consideredw ith marriages . If the lords of the Basis of the Br ideand the Bridegroom are inimically disposed towards eachother themarriage will result in a breach of - the familypeace . Much of ‘
this will be stated in connection withmarriages .
Mercury .
Mars, Jupiter , Venus -85
Saturn.
Venus and
Saturn.
Jupiter , Saturn Mars .
Saturn.
'
41
9 . Planets situated in the 2ud, 3rd, 4th, l 0 th , l 1thand 12th houses are friends, while those movinginthe 1st,5th, 6th , 7th , 8th and 9th houses are enemies fortime being . Thus ifaets moving inMesha, Simha, Kanya , T huand Dhanu become enemies; Thus casual affinity alsoaffects theresults a great deal 6 . g. if Mars i s situatedin Mesha and Jupiter in Kanya they become enemiesthough they are mutual friends naturally, so that netresult will bethey become neutrally dispo sed towardseach other and their effects on the native of the horoscope will be regulated accordingly . Similarly when"
natural enemies become accidental friends the result willbecome of neutrality and the evil effects arising fromenmity W lll be considerably mitigated . W e have thusseen that in predicting a result we have to consider(a) the nature ofthe Basi (b) the nature of planet movingtherein ( 0 ) the relationship between the two (d) the
relationship of the planetwith o ther planets .
10 . A no ther important item afiecting the resulti s theAspect.
’ Thus if a waning mo on inclined to producebad results is aspected by .Mars or Saturn the evil efiectswill be augmented . With respect to the results producedby aspects the relationship between the two planets hasno connection.
, T he result has to be judged purely withreference to the nature of the planet casting this aspect.T hus ifJupiter in an exalted position is aspected by theSaturn o r Marshis tendency to produce , go od result w illbe weakened much , no twithstanding the fact that Marsand Jupiter are friendly disposed towards each other .
6
42
O n thé ‘bther hadd Moon isiconsiderably benefitted;by the
aspect of V enus though the latter i s inimically disposed
towards the former . T he stronger aspect overppwers
theweaker when inimical planets aspect each other. A llplanetsaspect the 3rd, 4th, 5th,
i ? !I A K
houses planet inMesha sees
Simha, Thula, ,V rischika, and
increase in pro p I n the 3 0 th
housesthat 18 between 60°
and 270° and 300 ° the
aspect is 4 I n the 4th and 8th houses i . e. betweeii 90°and 120 °and240 ° and 270 ° the aspect is Ii I n
‘
the 5th anda a a
aa a
9th houses i . 6 . between I 2O"and l50° end240°and 270°
the aspect is 5and in the 7th house at a distance ofexactly 180 ° the aspect is full . T heresults vary accordiug to the degrees of aspects. Jupiter has a peculiaraffinity to the half aspect, Mars to the i
aspect, andSaturn 1
”
4?aspect and in so doing they produce betterresults thar11 other planets similarly circumstancemust here be notedthat some o fthe onA strologyearn 1. that only the Jupiter, Mars and Saturn haveaspec
ts in the (5th and 9th) , (4th and 8th ) and (3rd and”1stin heuses respectively, that the other planets have nosuch aspect in these houses aus bat all havefull aspeetsin the 7th house only . But u the greamst authority on
Astrology, v iz . V arahaMihara zthe’
fauthor of the Brihat-l
jatha‘
ka gives out that all! ‘the planetsHave aspects in‘
all
the! places , above described in ' the degrees isi etedf'
xGSri
sciple preves is hisa ss t-lea semetastaseshis‘
systeihlhas been
44
Meenam b eing equal to Mesha . T his period applies only. at the equator. I n other countries, the period varies pro v
"
portionately according to theh and is calculated in the sameis done. Between Madras and Bombay as W ell as toz -South uof C anwery the period of the Basis every day 18 as
moted”below .
South ofCauvery.
Bombay.
M esha.
Mithuna. 5- 15
Kataka { 7-30Simha 545
Kenya 5.
V i
rischika 51- 16
Dhanu 5- 36
Makara 5- 15
Kumbha 44- 45
Meena 4 - 15
60 . 60 .
‘
For'
countries lying between these two
ayerage may be taken and the periods acted upon with
perfect safety.
4 . T he rising sign at the beginning of the day is
that in which the Sun moves . T his can be known fromthe calendar. T he period ofthe r1smg Sign compmsed
in the day time gradually diminishes itself as the Sim
45
passes through each degree in' the Rasi; Thus whenlthé
Sun is that sign will rise - int he JD O I ' D -s
ing and will last for 4L 1Ghatikas on the first day after '
sun rise. O n the 2nd day,'
the period becomes less by
fi ths'
as the Sun would have already travelled one degree
and that 'period , which has thus fallen short will come in
the night . To be clearer, while on the first day of Meshamonth ‘
the r1e1ng Sun lasts for 41 Ghatikas after Sun
rise, on the 15th day the same‘
sign'lasts for asGhatikas
before sun rise. W hen the Sun passes to V rishabhamthe rising sign of the day will then be V rishabham and
Mesha will occur before Sun rise .
‘ This is the methodof rotation.
5. N ow if the r1smg Sign at the particular ho'
ur
has to be calculated , it can be very easilyworked out byfinding out the number of Ghatikas that have expireds ince Sun rise and adjusting the result, to the periods ofthe various Rasis . T he following example will renderthe matter clear -Requ1red the Laguam or the risingsign at 3 - 45P.
‘
M. Madras time on the 24th ' December1897. T he calendar shows that day as the 11th day
ofMargali . T he Sun is moving inDhanu, but as 10 dayshave already elapsed in the month theSun has t o travelonly 20 degrees in that Rasi. Therefo re the period forwhich the
'
Rasi will last after Sun- rise is 5—30 X40
3
Ghatikas . By 34 5P. M . m the month ofMargali ( D ecem.
her ) 9 hours and 241'
would have expired taking the Sun
rise to be at 6- 21 A . M. or 23 Ghatikas . N o‘
wadjustingthe period of various signssince Sun- rise we hhd that
.
the
sign V rishabha is beginning to rise at 22 - 20'
ahd lasts till2 7-5ghatikas, when N itbane Rasi makes its appearance .
46
So if. a child is born at 3 - 45P . M his b irth sign,should be
put down as V rishabham. I n this way theL aguam . for
any time may be calculated to an appreciable ;degree ofaccuracy . T he calculation mayfurther be facilitated 1nthe fo llowingmanner . T he rising sign in the evening isexactly the 7th Basi o r 180 ° apart .from the rising s ignin the
’
day: : Thus if the Sun is -moving in the 11th
degree o t - D hanu ,
‘ the sunset .w ill the exactly when,the
11th degree of Mithunam begins to rise. T he 11th dew
greeo fMeenam well then be everhead, and the r l l th de~
gree of Kanya will ‘be in theN ethhrnal Regions all! the /L
signs b'
eing 90° apart from each other.‘Thus the rising
sign may be calculated from the nearest period available .
I f the time required 1s just before o r after sunset calcu
late from the timeof sunset and so on. A s a furtherfacility, the Hindu P anchangams exhibit what period hasexpired m g Slgn that day and the Jo 1s1 is Sparedeven th
x6 . During nights however; it often becomes difficultto ascertain thehour and have the Lagnam. To meet thisdifi cult
’
y the ancients who resorted to the means .
of
knowing zthe star movingdn the tablesby means of’
W hich the rising signcan be very easily as
certained ..These tables !are based“
on the very quadrantprinciple enunciated T he following are the tablese—Z- z
a.
tikas expired.
.Sfm na Mesha!! 2
47
V uthrabhadrai.
P uriarvasu .
Pushya.
A slesha,
Makha.
P ubba .
V utthara .
H astha .
C hittha .
Swathi .V isaka .
A noradha .
Jeshta.
Moola.
P urvashada.
V utharashada.
7. T he truth of the above may be verified as followsSravana constitutes Makara Rasi . When that is overhead,Makara Rasi will also be overhead . T he rising signmust therefore be the 4th or Mesha . T he setting signwill be Thula and Kataka w ill be in Patala . A gainMakara Rasi is formed by 3 parts of V utharashada, Sra
48
vana and 2 quarters of D hanishta. By the time Sravanacomes overhead g; of Makara Rasi would have thereforeexpired . Similarly T
1
; of Mesha could have already risenabove the h orizon in Mesha . T he full period of
Mesha being 4 - 15, by the time Sravana comes overheada t least Ghatikas would have expired in Mesha. .Thisis very nearly the same as - that recorded in the abovetable.
fSim ilarly every item .,may be verified .
8. Thus there are various facilities to find the L ag1i am to an appreciable degree ofaccuracy . There are alsonumerous ways by which the a ccuracy of the L agnam
may be verified .
‘ These will be detailed in the chapterrelating to Horoscopes .
C H APT E R X I .
Periods ofstay of the Planets.
W e have thus described as far as possible the im
portant ingredients whose knowledge is found essential,to cast a horoscope, or to predict a thing . O ur nextbusm ess shall be noted
'
how and what w ith the aid'
of the
knowledge now gained can be predicted . T he usual
question that a man asks an a strologer is what is myGrahacharam
”mean1ng thereby
“ how are the planetsdisposed in my case at present”. T he questioner w illrarely possess any horo scope to enablethe J0 1s1 to predictbut only his star may be kno v
‘
vn. I n such cases too ,the position of the stars may be fairly judged and the
result given o ut. T he resul ts predicted last only so longas the position of the planets continues . It thereforebecomes necessary
”
to know the period for which a planetw ill stay m a Rasi . They are generally as fo llows
Sun, Mercury and Venus—stay for a month .
Moon—stays 2&days at the rate of 1 star every day .
Mars— stays 1 2-1 months.
Jupiter— stays one year .
Saturn— stays 2 1 years.
Bahu— stays 1 ; years .
Kethu— stays 1; years .
2 Sun,Modn, Rahu and Kethmh ave no retrograde
o tion (a V akragathi) while the other planets havewhencome in proximity with theSun. I n such cases thed of stay in a Rasi is
'
somewhat prolonged . T he
de of stay are based on‘
the distance of the planetsthe earth as already stated ;
50
3 A s the distancé'
bec'
omes'
greater, the circumferenceof their movements or rather the length of their orbitalso becomes greater . Hence some planets require a longertime than others in thelr revolution. Moon is the nearest
planet to the Earth . Sun, Venus , and Mars are almo stequidistant from the Earth , while Mars , Jupiter and Saturn are situated farther ofi in order . Saturn is the mostdistant planet and he takes therefore 30 years to makea round .
Gocharam.
4 T he simplest methods of predicting the results at atime is to find out the Rasi of a person w ith reference tohis N akshatram or star, and then calculate the positionsof the planets from this Rasi w ith reference to a giventime by referring to the calendar and gauge the resultson the following principles .
Sun, Mars, Rahu , give good results in the 3rd, 6th ,Saturn and Ko thu . l 0 th and 11 houses i s . health ,
purity, success m action and gainand friendship .
Moon produces similar results in l st, 3rd, 6th, l 0 thand 11th houses .
T he waxing Moon produces very good results in the4th and 8th houses, and the waning moon is favourablin the 2md, 5th and 9th houses .
Mercury produces good results in 1, 2 , 3, 4, 5, 8, 910 , 11 and
'
12th houses .
‘Jupiter is very good in the2 , 5, 7, 9 and 11th housesV enus gives similar results as Mercury .
Sun, Jupiter, Saturn and Mars are exceedinglyin the l et, 8th and 12th houses . They produce
52
of results may no t .(inaptly be‘ compared to the system of
Agriculture, the planets representing the husband man,
the Basis, the soil and the aspects of the planets corres
pending to the mannure used for production of a goodcrop . It is the position of the planets at the timeA Qf
birth, that
‘
play an important part in turning out a nativelucky or unlucky apart from the evil combinations thatmay occur by the natural rotation of planets . For, the
natural‘
ro tation is general to who le world and tends toinfluence over the area to be affected wherein even the
rotation or the position at a specific time of birth is believé d to influence more definitely on the thingor person
generated at that hour . W e will!
exemplify by a concreteexample . WhenJupiter o omes 111 the natural rounds orGocharam to the 8th Basi from the Moon’
s sign at the
time of birth , he is stated . to p roduce very bad . results .
N ow there b eing only 12 Rasis, there is a probability ofnearly 1
47 th of the world’
s p opulation having the Moonin the same elgn and the Jupiter
’s p osition in
' the 8th
house, would mean disaster, to such a large number ofpeople ranging from an autocratic monarch to a low
bondSman. This looks ridiculous on the ‘
fac e of it . T he
efiects that jupiter can p roduce have therefore to be gau
ged no t merely w ith reference to the then position from .
the Moon’s sign but .
with refernce to his power at the
time of birth . T he results that can be known from more
(io charamare extremely superficial and intended to givetemporary hopes of good . But it is the po sition of pla-s
nets a t the time of birth rthat plays a p aramount“part .
This l
is what is known as the Jathakam
and willxbe explained 111 the succeeding chapter.
CHAPT E R X I I .
Horoscopy .
W e have now to deal with the foundation stone in
Astrology upon which the whole life structure of a manhas to be built. This 1s as stated at the chose of the previo us chapter, the Jathakam or a horoscope.
2 I n the first place we have to know what a Jathaékam means . T he word which is derived from SanscritJatha (born) , literally means pertaining to what is born.
At the present day it is taken to . represent a diagram ,
showing the hour of birth and the position of the planetsm the zodiac at that hour . This diagram is described indifi erent ways by different nations . T he English and otherEuropean nations describe the zodiac 1n the form of a circlew ith 12 sectors , while the Hindus note them down 111 the
form of a rectangle divided into 12 parts .
H ow to draw up the Jathakam .
3 N ow comes the use of the Hindu P anchangam .
I n the calendar you w ill fi iid'
the position of the planetsat the beginning of every month noted in a diagram .
T he hours and days on which these positions change w illalso be found noted 1n the same calendar . Jathakam has
to be prepared , w ith - reference to these. T he first andthe most important item to be balculated in writing the
diagram is the rising sign“or ’theL agnam , and next to itthe N akshatram or the star
”
and the Rasi in which the
Moon is moving . For, these are the only two things thatare changing constantly
' or rather ln very short spaces oftime, theLaguam changing once in two hours every dayand the Moon once in 54 hours. T he remaining planets
5=l~
move for a sufficiently long period in every sign so thatthe changes in the1r positions during the month
, as com
pared with the position noted at the beginning of themonth w ill be exceedingly small .
4 . T he mode of . calculating the Laguam has beenfully explained in
'
chapter. X .
5. T he following will clearly exemplify as to ho w theposition of the Moon and the o ther planets can be ascertam ed . Required the horoscope of a male child bornat 3 51 A . M . on Thursday the l st September 1898. T he
following is an extract from the calendar on that date .
_ A vani 18. Kristna (Dark fortnight) P rathipadaThursday P urvabhadra Dhruva Kow
lava P urvapulguni 2 , Ravi A ridra 1,Kuja
Bhukti
6 . Most of these symbols have already been explainedunder the head P unchangam . Now the first pom t to
be seen is the birth sign. Since the date of birth isA vani
, it is clear that the Sun is mo vmg m Simha o r
L eo—‘
so that the rising sign at Sunrise is Simha . I t
lasts as already stated for 2 hours—fi'
but as 18 dates havealready elapsed in the month more than half the durationo f this Laguam w ill precede the Sun- r1se as already ex
plam ed w hich is - otherwise known as the Bhakti . N ow
the hour of birth is 2 hours or 5 Ghatikas before theSim - ruse w hich at this time of the season may be takenat 5 M . O f these 5Ghatikas 2 - 49 are covered byS imha or L eo as stated above . T he next preceding signis Katakaor Cancer . This lasts for 2 hours and so
that it is clear that at the time of birth the middle
55
portion of the Kataka was in contact with the horiz onor in other words the Laguam is Kataka .
N ext as to the position ofplanets .
7. Sun or Ravi as already stated is movmg 1n Simha .
There is no difficulty about Moon or Chandra . Fromthe extract it may be seen that the N akshatram on the
day of birth is P urvabhadra 48 - 28"i . e. the Moon is
moving in that starry plane and his motion lasts for 48Ghatikas after sun- rise, but since the hour of birth is
2 hours before Sun- rise we should look to the Nakshatramof the previous day . From the previous day
’s calendar
we w ill find that the N akshatram that day is Sathabhisha lasting for 50
' After this period is over theM 0 0 11 naturally enters the next C onstellation of star i . eP urvabhadra . So that the boy
’s Nakshtramis Purva
bhadra From the table noted m chapter I V it w illbe seen that this N akshatram partakes 2 Basis %th goingto Kumbham and the last quarter to Meenam . Thencomes the question as to what is the exact position ofthe Moon. O n the 31st August the Sathabhisha lasts for50
’T he duration of Moon’
s stay in P urvabhadra onthat day is therefore 60 minus 50
'
- 20" or 10 Ghatikas and
40 V ighatikas . T he next day again P urvabhadra lastsfor 48 - 28
” Total 59’T he duration of each quarter
therefore is 14 Ghatikas - 47 V ighatikas. T he birth of the'
child being before the expiry of the first quarter Moonmust b e noted down in Kumbham .
8. Kuja—From the day’s extract it will be seen that
Kuja enters A ridra, on Thursday after 541 Ghatikas . So ,previous to this he must have been movingin Mrigasira
56
4th quarter, which corresponds to M ithuna Rasi. So hemust be noted in “M ithuna .
9.Budha (Mercury)—Groping_ throughxthe entries in
the‘
month’
ly calendar we w ill find that on Wednesdayafter 27 Ghatikas, Budha enters the constellation ofP ubba . This corresp onds with Simha Rasi and the planetmust be noted accordingly . .
Brihaspati or Guru (Jupiter) and Sani, Rahu and
Ketu as already stated remain in a Rasi for a considerablylong time . From the diagram in the monthly calendar ,
“
we
will find that Brihaspati (Jupiter) is in Kanya Rasi , Sani
(saturnhn V rischika, Rahu in Dhanu and Ketu in Mithunam and that throughout the month there are no changesin thel r course. They w ill therefore be noted in the Rasisin which, they have been shewn in the P anchangam .
11 . Sukra (Venus) - T he monthly calendar shews thattwo days previous to the birth day of the child , Sukraentered Thula Rasi . A s he stays well nigh a month inthis Rasi it is immaterial to search for the changes in themovements . H e will therefore be noted in Thula .
1 2 . T he results thus attained will be noted in thefollowing diagram .
, AS . a co rro llary it may be
saidt hat the‘
Sun, V enus and .Mer
c'
ury ‘
are‘
never‘
more than 2 Basisapart .
over the subject and see ho w grand a conception,
Hindu Astrology is, and how every item in creation can be
examined by means of this fscience ifpractised properly
FI N I S.
N O T ICE .
I I of the A strological series'
by the same
ready about August 1899.
O . m m Rao .
A dver tisement.
e undersigned is prepared to cast horoscopesVihari and other years on payment of a fee of
per’
year per horoscope .
C onsultations may also be made on payment
T E RMS- QStrictly advance .
