Asst.Prof.Dr.Surasak Mungsing

By: Akshay Kumar

Sharable Sharable Content Object Content Object Reference Reference ModelModel

What is SCORM? History Connection with e-learning Application of XML Technology Technical description about SCORM Why it is important to us?

A software model ◦ defines the interrelationship of course components,

data models, and protocols such that content “objects” are sharable across systems that conform with the same model.

It is collection of specification adopted together for achieving some property of content like Accessibility, Adaptability, Affordability, Durability , reusability, interoperability

A REFERENCE MODEL: A set of profiles of standards and specifications that tells you how to do something useful

A SOLUTION: Solves the problem of separating Web-based training content from delivery systems

A STANDARD: Adopted by most commercial LMS products and required by

a DoD directive

• Content Aggregation ModelContent Aggregation Model

– Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)

– Content Structure (derived from AICC)Content Structure (derived from AICC)

– Content Packaging (from IMS)Content Packaging (from IMS)

– Sequencing Information (from IMS)Sequencing Information (from IMS)

• Run-Time EnvironmentRun-Time Environment

– IEEE Application Programming InterfaceIEEE Application Programming Interface

(1484.11.2)(1484.11.2)

– IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)

• Sequencing & NavigationSequencing & Navigation

– Sequencing Information & BehaviorSequencing Information & Behavior

(from IMS)(from IMS)

A particular content lifecycle (next slide) Web-based content

◦ Interactive (optional)◦ Static (designed ahead of delivery)

A single learner Progress by objectives

Vision: 1997

“Provide access to the highest quality education, training and performance aiding, tailored to individual needs, delivered cost efficiently, anytime and anywhere”

2002:NOLP (NSTDA Online Leaarning Project) developed LMS SCORM 1.2

2006: NOLP developed LMS 3.0, certified as LMS SCORM2004 (SCORM v1.3) by ADL

Content Aggregation Model1. Learning Object Metadata (1484.12)2. Content Packaging (IMS Specification)Describe, export, transport and import

Run-Time Environment3. Application Programming Interface1484112( . . )

4. Data Model (1484.11.1)Launch, track, communicate learner info

Sequencing & Navigation5. IMS Simple SequencingAdaptive learning, instructional design

Design for Reuse◦ What’s the right level of granularity?

Tracking◦ What’s the right level of granularity?

Metadata◦ How much is needed?

LMS◦ What does the Table of Content look like?

◦ Navigation Controls?

Raw Data (Media Elements)

Information Objects

Learning

Objective

Lesson(Aggregation)

Course(Collection)

Source: Academic ADL Co-Lab (adapted from Learnactivity)

Context +Reusability

-

• Content Aggregation ModelContent Aggregation Model

– Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)Metadata (from IEEE LOM 1484.12)

– Content Structure (derived from AICC)Content Structure (derived from AICC)

– Content Packaging (from IMS)Content Packaging (from IMS)

– Sequencing Information (from IMS)Sequencing Information (from IMS)

• Run-Time EnvironmentRun-Time Environment

– IEEE Application Programming InterfaceIEEE Application Programming Interface

(1484.11.2)(1484.11.2)

– IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)IEEE Data Model (1484.11.1)

• Sequencing & NavigationSequencing & Navigation

– Sequencing Information & BehaviorSequencing Information & Behavior

(from IMS)(from IMS)

Assets:◦ building block of a learning resource.◦ text, images, sound, assessment objects or

any other piece of data◦ More than one asset can be collected

together to build other assets. SCO:

◦ A SCO is a collection of one or more Assets that represent a single launchable learning resource

◦ tracked by an LMS

Title Item

◦ title◦ Item◦ adlcp: timeLimitAction, dataFromLMS,

completionthreshold◦ imsss:sequencing◦ adlnav:presentation

Metadata imsss:sequencing

•Three ways for learners to traverse the Three ways for learners to traverse the

Activity TreeActivity Tree User Choice (“Choice”)User Choice (“Choice”)

The learner can choose any activity in any The learner can choose any activity in any order at any timeorder at any time

FlowFlow The learner can only move toward the ‘next’ or The learner can only move toward the ‘next’ or

‘previous’ activity – the system determines the ‘previous’ activity – the system determines the

activity to deliveryactivity to delivery

Forward OnlyForward Only The “Previous” button is disabled.The “Previous” button is disabled.

A

◦ 1

◦ B 2

3

/* look up window hierarchy to find LMS provided API */

API.Initialize(“”);

var name = API.GetValue(“cmi.learner_name”);

API.SetValue(“cmi.score.scaled”, “0.9”);

API.Terminate(“”);

Must use JavaScript

There are only 8 functions that you may

useGetDiagnostic(GetDiagnostic(YY))

GetLastError()GetLastError()

GetErrorString(GetErrorString(ZZ))

Initialize(“”)Initialize(“”)

SetValue(SetValue(XX, , YY))

GetValue(GetValue(XX))

Commit(“”)Commit(“”)

Terminate(“”)Terminate(“”)

Where X = cmi data model element, Y = any string, Z = error code

Comments From Learner Comments From LMS Completion Status Completion Threshold Learner Id Learner Name Learner Preferences etc…

fla

SCORM Content Aggregation Model

limited adaptivity Run time environment do setting of the

predefined rule with key value pair only. We can not change these values at run time after SCO made.

This is again compact and it can not be used in different context by simple change. We have to make a new imsmanifest file for the changed context of learning.

SCORM describes a solutions for systems, components and content interopability for learning◦ Data and Behavioral interoperability

SCORM does not extend beyond learning to management of learning

SCORM does not impose any pedagogical or assessment model

SCORM supports only limited pedagogical features

No communication across SCO’s No access to other SCO’s SCO has its own behavior Using same hierarchy for structure, behavior and

display Learners are individual It can not adapt learner experience without learner

interaction There is no concept of alternate resource although we

can simulate it by making various navigation restrictions

There is nothing for picking some of resource from a collection of resource

January 1999 — Executive Order 13111 signed tasking the DoD to develop common specifications and standards for e-learning across both federal and private sectors

January 2000 — SCORM Version 1.0 January 2001 — SCORM Version 1.1 October 2001 — SCORM Version 1.2 January 2004 — SCORM 2004 (1st Edition) July 2004 — SCORM 2004 (2nd Edition) June 2006 — Department of Defense Instruction

(DoDI) 1322.26 Requiring DoD Use of SCORM October 2006 — SCORM 2004 (3rd Edition)