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Name : Harikrishna Ram S/O Veerannathan.IC No. 970416-56-5265
Class : 4 RK Beta.
Teacher : Pn. Suhaidha Binti Sulaiman.
SULAIMANCLUSTER SCHOOL,
BENTONG 28700.
CURRENT AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT OF OPENSOURCE SOFTWARE AND LATEST DEVELOPMENTIN ICT (2013)
LA2.S05.1 The Latest Open Source Software
Available and the Latest Development in ICT
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Number TitlePage
Number
1 1.0 Introduction. 3
2 2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System. 4
3 2.1 Meaning of Open Source Operating System. 4
4 2.2 Examples of Open Source Operating Systems. 4 - 5
5 3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software. 6
6 3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software. 6
7 3.2 Examples of Open source Application Software. 7
8 4.0 The Latest Development in Info Computer Tech. 8
9 4.1 Hardware (Comparison of the Previous & Latest production.) 8
10 4.2 Software (Comparison of the Previous & Latest production.) 9 - 10
11 5.0 Pervasive Computing. 11
12 5.1 Meaning of Pervasive Computing. 11
13 5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computing. 12 - 13
14 6.0 Conclusion. 14
15 7.0 References. 15
INDEX
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1.0IntroductionMeaning of Open Source Software (OSS)
Open source software (OSS) is defined as computer software for which the
source code and certain other rights normally reserved for copyright holders are
provided under a software license that meets the Open Source Definition or that is in the
public domain. This permits users to use, change, and improve the software, and to
redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.
Meaning of Hardware
A computer's hardware consists of the physical components necessary to operate and interact
with a computer. Since a computer's primary language is binary, devices are necessary to
convert our input into that language. The binary code coming out of the computer must also
be translated into something usable for the operator.
Meaning of Software
Software is often divided into two categories:
1. System software: Includes the operating system and all the utilities that enables the
computer to function.
2. Application software: Includes programs that do real work for users.For example, word
processors, spreadsheets, and database management systems fall under the category of
applicationssoftware.
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2.0 The Latest Open Source Operating System.
2.1 Meaning of Open Source OSOpen Source Operating System is the most important program that runs on a computer that is
free to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified
forms. Every general-purpose computer must have an operating system to run
other programs. Operating systems perform basic tasks, such as recognizing input from
the keyboard, sending output to the display screen, keeping track of files and directories on
the disk, and controlling peripheral devices such as disk drives and printers.
2.2 Examples of Open Source OS
UBUNTU 13.04 (RARING RINGTAIL) (RELEASED ON 25TH APRIL 2013)
An operating system with Linux kernel based on Debian and distributed as free and open
source software. Ubuntu uses the Unity Desktop as its default desktop environment. It is
named after the Southern African philosophy ofubuntu, which can be translated as "humanity
towards others" or "the belief in a universal bond of sharing that connects all humanity". As
of 2012, according to online surveys, Ubuntu is the most popular Linux distribution on
desktop/laptop personal computers, and most Ubuntu coverage focuses on its use in that
market. However, it is also popular on servers and for cloud computing. Development of
Ubuntu is led by Canonical Ltd., a UK-based company owned by South African
entrepreneur Mark Shuttleworth. Canonical generates revenue through the sale of technical
support and services related to Ubuntu. According to Canonical, the Ubuntu project is
committed to the principles of open source development; people are encouraged to use free
software, improve it, and distribute it.
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LINUX KERNEL 3.10.1 (Released On 30 June 2013)
A Unix-like computer operating system assembled under the model of free and open source
software development and distribution. The defining component of Linux is the Linux kernel
,an operating system kernel first released on 5 October 1991, by Linux Dorvals. Since the
C compiler that builds Linux and the main supporting user space system tools and libraries
originated in the GNU Project, initiated in 1983 by Richard Stallman, the Free Software
Foundation prefers the name GNU/Linux.
Linux was originally developed as a free operating system for Intel x86-based personal
computers. It has since been ported to more computer hardware platforms than any other
operating system. It is a leading operating system on servers and other big iron systems such
as mainframe computers and supercomputers: more than 90% of today's 500 fastest
supercomputers run some variant of Linux, including the 10 fastest. Linux also runs
on embedded systems (devices where the operating system is typically built into
the firmware and highly tailored to the system) such as mobile phones ,tablet computers,
network routers, building automation controls, televisions and video game consoles;
the Android system in wide use on mobile devices is built on the Linux kernel.
The development of Linux is one of the most prominent examples of free and open source
software collaboration: the underlying source code may be used, modified, and distributed
commercially or non-commerciallyby anyone under licenses such as the GNU General
Public License. Typically Linux is packaged in a format known as aLinux distribution for
desktop and server use. Some popular mainstream Linux distributions include Debian (and its
derivatives such as Ubuntu and Linux Mint), Red Hat Enterprise Linux (and its derivatives
such as Fedora and Cent OS), Mandriva / Mageia , open SUSE (and its commercialderivative SUSE Linux Enterprise Server), and Arch Linux. Linux distributions include the
Linux kernel, supporting utilities and libraries and usually a large amount of application
software to full fill the distribution's intended use.
A distribution oriented toward desktop use will typically include the X Window System and
an accompanying desktop environment such as GNOME or KDE Plasma. Some such
distributions may include a less resource intensive desktop such as LXDE or Xface for use on
older or less powerful computers. A distribution intended to run as a server may omit all
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graphical environments from the standard install and instead include other software such as
the Apache HTTP Server and an SSH server such as Open SSH.
3.0 The Latest Open Source Application Software
3.1 Meaning of Open Source Application Software
Open Source Application Software (also called as end-user programs) includes database
programs, word processors, and spreadsheets. It is free to use, change, and improve the
software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified forms.
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3.2 Examples of Open Source Application Software
Apache Open Office (AOO) 4.0.0 (Released On July 23 2013)
Is an open- source office productivity software suite. It descends
from OpenOffice.org (OOo), which was an open-sourced version of the earlier Star Office.
Open Office contains a word processor (Writer), a spreadsheet (Calc),
a presentation application (Impress), a drawing application (Draw), formula editor (Math),
and a database management application (Base). Open Office's default file format is the Open
Document Format (ODF), an ISO/IEC standard, which originated with OpenOffice.org. It
can also read a wide variety of other file formats, with particular attention to those
from Microsoft Office. Apache Open Office is developed for Linux, OS X and Windows,
with ports to other operating systems. It is distributed under the Apache License.
Squirrel Mail
Is an Open Source project that provides both a web-based email application and
an IMAP proxy server.The webmail portion of the project was started by Nathan and Luke
Ehresmanin 1999 and is written in PHP. It can be installed on almost all web servers as long
as PHP is present and the web server has access to an IMAP and SMTP server. Squirrel Mail
webmail outputs valid HTML 4.0 for its presentation, making it compatible with a majority
of current web browsers. Squirrel Mail webmail uses a plugin architecture to accommodate
additional features around the core application, and over 200 plugins are available on the
Squirrel Mail website. The Squirrel Mail IMAP proxy server product was created in 2002 by
Dave Mc Murtrie while at the University of Pittsburgh (where it was named "up-imapproxy",
although it has become more commonly known as "imapproxy") and adopted by the Squirrel
Mail team in 2010.It is written inCand is primarily made to provide stateful connections
for stateless webmail client software to an IMAP server, thus avoiding new IMAP logins for
every client action and in some cases significantly improving webmail performance. Licensed
under the GNU General Public License, both Squirrel Mail products are free software. The
webmail product is currently available in over 50 languages. Squirrel Mail webmail is
included in the repositories of many major GNU/Linux distributions and is independently
downloaded by tens of thousands of people every month.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_(programming_language)7/30/2019 Assessment ICTL (2)
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4.0 The Latest Development in ICT
4.1 Hardware
iPad 4 (Released on November 2 2012)
There are four buttons and one switch on the iPad, including a "home" button near the display
that returns the user to the home screen, and three aluminum buttons on the right side and
top: wake/sleep and volume up and volume down, plus a software-controlled switch whose
function varies with software updates. The tablet is manufactured either with or without the
capability to communicate over a cellular network. All models can connect to a wireless
LAN via Wi-Fi. The iPad is available with 16, 32, 64 GB of internal flash memory, with no
expansion option. Apple sells a "camera connection kit" with an SD cardreader, but it can
only be used to transfer photos and videos.
The iPad features partially the same hardware as the iPad 4. Both screens have resolutions of
1024 x 768, but the iPad has a smaller screen and thus higher pixel density than iPad 3 (163
PPI vs 132 PPI).Unlike the iPad 2, it has 5 MP and 1.2 MP cameras and the Lightning
connector. The system-on-chip is A5, which is the same one found in the later revision of the
iPad 2 (32 nm). The audio processor is the same found in iPhone 5 and iPad 4th generation,
which allows the iPad Mini to have Siri and voice dictation unlike the iPad 2. The graphics
processor (GPU) of the iPad Mini is the same one found in the iPad
(Power VR SGX543MP2).
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4.2 Software
iOS 6 (Released on September 6 2012)
Two notable apps that iOS 6 removed by default are Google Maps and YouTube. The built-
in Maps app uses Apple's new vector-based engine that eliminates the lag present while
downloading bitmaps from Google's servers, making for smoother zooming. New to Maps
is turn-by-turn navigation spoken directions in certain countries, 3D views in some major
cities and real-time traffic.Turn-by-turn navigation is only available for iPhone 4S or later
and iPad 2 or later with cellular capability, while 3D views are only available for iPhone 4S
or later, fifth-generation iPod Touch, and iPad 2 and later.
Another change includes the inability to download Podcasts through the regular iTunes
application. Instead, users are prompted to download the official Podcasts App in order to
continue.
iOS 6 brings the retrieval of documents such as boarding passes,
admission tickets, coupons and loyalty cards through its new Passbook app. An iOS device
with Passbook can be scanned under a reader to process a mobile payment at participating
locations. The app has context-aware features such as notifications for relevant coupons when
in the immediate vicinity of a given store.
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Apples Siri intelligent personal assistant was improved to include the ability to make
restaurant reservations, launch apps, dictate Facebook or Twitter updates, retrieve movie
reviews and detailed sports statistics. Siri, which previously was only supported on iPhone
4S, is also now supported on iPhone 5, fifth-generation iPod Touch, third- through fourth-
generation iPad and iPad Mini.
Facebookcomes integrated through Apples native apps with iOS 6. Facebook features can
be directly accessed from within native apps such as Calendar which can sync Facebook
events, or use Facebooks like button from within the Apple App Store.
New privacy settings are available to the user. In addition to location services, the following
have been added in iOS 6: photos (already partially restricted in iOS 5), contacts (address
book), calendars, reminders, Bluetooth sharing, Twitter, Facebook, and Sina Weibo. iOS 6
also comes with a "Limit ad tracking" user control in the general settings menu to allow users
the option to prevent targeted advertising. Apple's Advertising Identifier replaces the
companys existing UDID standard. Advertising networks not yet using Apple's Advertising
Identifier device identifier standard would not be affected although Apple will require the
standard in the future.
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5.0 Pervasive Computing
5.1 Meaning of Pervasive Computing
The idea that technology is moving beyond the personal computer to everyday devices with
embedded technology and connectivity as computing devices become progressively smaller
and more powerful. Also called ubiquitous computing, pervasive computing is the result of
computer technology advancing at exponential speeds - a trend toward all man-made and
some natural products having hardwareand software.Pervasive computing goes beyond the
realm of personal computers. It is the idea that almost any device, from clothing to tools to
appliances to cars to homes to the human body to your coffee mug, can be imbedded with
chips to connect the device to an infinite network of other devices. The goal of pervasive
computing, which combines current network technologies with wireless computing, voice
recognition, Internetcapability and artificial intelligence, is to create an environment where
the connectivity of devices is embedded in such a way that the connectivity is unobtrusive
and always available.
5.2 Examples of Pervasive Computing
http://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/embedded_system.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/embedded_system.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/hardware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/hardware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/software.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/software.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/chip.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/chip.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/voice_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/voice_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/Internet.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/Internet.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/artificial_intelligence.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/artificial_intelligence.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/Internet.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/voice_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/voice_recognition.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/chip.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/software.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/hardware.htmlhttp://www.webopedia.com/TERM/P/embedded_system.html7/30/2019 Assessment ICTL (2)
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GPS Watch
A GPS watch is a device with integrated GPS receiver that is worn as a single unit strapped
onto a wrist, in the manner of a watch. The watch can have other features and capabilities
depending on its intended purpose. GPS watches are most often used for sports and fitness
purposes. Many can connect to external sensors by the wireless ANT+ protocol, and/or to a
computer by USB to transfer data and configuration. Common sensors used are heart rate
monitors and footpods (running cadence and speed sensor). A foot pod can be used to
supplement or replace GPS data, such as providing treadmill speed and distance for the watch
to log and share .Recharging by USB is common place.
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NIKE+ FUELBAND
The Nike+ FuelBand is an activity tracker that is worn on the wrist. As part of the Quantified
Self movement, the Fuelband allows the wearer to track their physical activity, steps taken
daily, and amount of calories burned. The information from the wristband is integrated into
the Nike+ online community and phone application, allowing the wearer to set their own
fitness goals, monitor their progression, and compare themselves to others part of the
community. Nike+ relies on the gamification of fitness activities turning all tracked
movement into NikeFuel points, which can unlock achievements, can be shared with friends,
or can be used to engage others in competition.
6.0 ConclusionOpen Source can be used by anyone and because it has no copyright claims, so users are free
to use, change, and improve the software, and to redistribute it in modified or unmodified
forms. Pervasive Computing is to make our lives easier because we can interact with
computers. Besides that, we can easily give the computer commands and the computer will
grant your wish.
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7.0 Reference
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iPad4
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/iOS6
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPSWatch
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nike+FuelBand