FINDINGS FOR THE GHANA BASELINE

Assessing and Monitoring Water Services in Ghana

Jeremiah Atengdem

Triple-S research seminar

24 September 2012

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …2

BASELINE METHODOLOGY

In three study districts: • Assessment of functionality and service level of all improved water

facilities• Assessment of performance of all water service providers• Assessment of performance of service authorities

• Indicators developed with involvement of sector stakeholders, based on national documents

• Use of android phones and FLOW for data collection• Data collection done by district level staff, supervised by RLF, with

involvement of regional CWSA staff

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …3

STUDY DISTRICTS

East Gonja, Northern Region

Akatsi, Volta Region

Sunyani West, Brong Ahafo Region

249 point sources, 6 piped schemes

122 point sources, 8 piped schemes

103 point sources, 23 piped schemes

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …4

FUNCTIONALITY PER DISTRICT

Akatsi (n=249) East Gonja (n=122) Sunyani West (n=103)0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

19%

42%29%

48%22%

35%

7% 7%16%

26% 29%20%

broken down

Non functional: unsuccessful stroke and leakage test

Partially functional: either successful stroke or leakage test

Functional: successful stroke and leakage test

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

Unknown (n=15)

before 1990 (n=28)

1990-1999 (n=127)

2000-2009 (n=244)

2010-2011 (n=60)

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

40%

14% 18%30% 38%

13%

39%43%

36%

45%13%25% 6%

9%

7%33%21%

33% 25%10%

broken downNon functionalPartially functionalFunctional

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …5

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Reliability

not reliablereliable

% o

f poi

nt s

ourc

es

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Distance

none are within 500m of the facility

a quarter of the population is within 500m of the facility

half of the population is within 500m of the facility

three quarter of the popula-tion is within 500m of the facility

The entire population is within 500m of the facility

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Non crowding

crowdingno crowding

% o

f poi

nt s

ourc

es

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Quality

not acceptableacceptable

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Quantity

None

Less than 20 litres per person per day

More than 20 litres per person per day

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …6

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Reliability

not reliablereliable

% o

f poi

nt s

ourc

es

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Distance

none are within 500m of the facility

a quarter of the population is within 500m of the facility

half of the population is within 500m of the facility

three quarter of the popula-tion is within 500m of the facility

The entire population is within 500m of the facility

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Non crowding

crowdingno crowding

% o

f poi

nt s

ourc

es

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Quality

not acceptableacceptable

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%Quantity

None

Less than 20 litres per person per day

More than 20 litres per person per day

% o

f poi

nt so

urce

s

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

broken down or not used (score:0)

Substandard service level: benchmark met on 1 in-dicator (score: 25)

Substandard service level: benchmark met on 2 in-dicators (score: 25)

Substandard service level: benchmark met on 3 in-dicators (score: 25)

Substandard service level: benchmark met on 4 in-dicators (score: 25)

Basic service level (score: 50)

% o

f poi

nt s

ourc

es

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …7

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#*

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Legend

Water

Triple-S focus district

! Akatsi (district capital)

Piped system functionality

#* Functional

#* Non functional

#* Partially functional

Point source functionality

!( Functional

!( Non functional

!( Partially functional

!( broken down

Akatsi District

0 3 6 9 121.5Km

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Legend

! Salaga (District capital)

Piped system functionality

#* Functional

#* Non functional

#* Partially functional

Point source functionality

!( Functional

!( Non functional

!( Partially functional

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Water

TripleSdistricts

East Gonja District

0 7 14 21 283.5Kilometers

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!SUNYANI

Legend

Water

Triple-S focus district

Piped system functionality

#* Functional

#* Non functional

#* Partially functional

Point source functionality

!( Functional

!( Non functional

!( Partially functional

!( broken down

Sunyani West District

0 2.5 5 7.5 101.25Km

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …8

SERVICE PROVIDER BENCHMARKING

WS-G

1

WS-G

2

WS-G

3

WS-O

p1a

WS-O

p1b

WS-O

p2a

WS-O

p2b2

WS-O

p3

WS-FM1

WS-FM2

WS-FM3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West

% o

f WAT

SAN

s mee

ting

the

benc

hmar

k

3 financial indicators3 governance indicators 5 operational indicators

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …9

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

1 governance benchmarks met

2 governance benchmarks met

3 governance benchmarks met

% o

f WA

TSA

Ns

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West0%

20%40%60%80%

100% 0 operations benchmarks met1 operations benchmark met2 operations benchmarks met3 operations benchmarks met4 operations benchmarks met5 operations benchmarks met%

of W

ATS

AN

s

Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

0 financial benchmarks met

1 financial benchmark met

2 financial benchmarks met

3 financial benchmarks met% o

f WA

TSA

Ns

3 Governance indicators

5 Operational indicators

3 Financial management indicators

WATER SERVICE

PROVIDER INDICATORS

PERCENTAGE OF WATSANS

MEETING NONE, SOME OR ALL OF

THE BENCHMARKS

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …10

SERVICE AUTHORITY SCORES PER DISTRICT

WS-Sup1 /WB-Sup1 - Monitoring support Akatsi (n=109)

East Gonja (n=51)

Sunyani West (n=28)

Grand Total (n=288)

% of WATSANs for which the monitoring support benchmark is met 87% 28% 7% 59%

Support indicators Akatsi East Gonja Sunyani West Average

Presence of District Water and Sanitation Team 0 25 25 17

Data flows from district to region level 25 25 0 17

Allocation and utilisation of district budget 50 25 0 25

Presence of facility management plans and by-laws 25 0 0 8

NGO coordination 25 0 0 8

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …11

Not managed by WATSAN

Managed by WATSAN

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

68%64%

32% 36%

not reliablereliable

% o

f poi

nt s

ourc

es

CORRELATIONS: RELIABILITY AND SERVICE PROVIDERS

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …12

CORRELATIONS: MANAGEMENT AND POINT SOURCE RELIABILITY

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

Point source managed by WATSAN that does not meet benchmarkPoint source managed by WATSAN that meets benchmark

% of

relia

ble

poin

t sou

rces

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …13

CORRELATIONS: SUPPORT AND MANAGEMENT

WS-G

1

WS-G

2

WS-G

3

WS-O

p1a

WS-O

p1b

WS-O

p2a

WS-O

p2b

WS-O

p3

WS-FM1

WS-FM2

WS-FM3

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Percentage of WATSANs meet-ing service provider bench-mark, without monitoring support

Percentage of WATSANs meet-ing service provider bench-mark, with monitoring support

%of

WA

TSA

Ns

mee

ting

the

benc

hmar

k on

se

rvic

e pr

ovid

er in

dica

tors

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …14

CONCLUSION

• Functionality levels in line with international estimates (about 2/3 of point sources functional)

• Low compliance with service level standards• Low compliance with national corms and standards,

related to service provision and service authority functions

• No correlation between presence WATSAN and reliability• Some correlation between performance of WATSAN in

service provider indicators and reliability• Positive correlation between performance of service

providers and degree of monitoring support

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …15

NEXT STEPS

• Annual data collection on (selected) indicators• Scaling-up of baseline data collection process to

10 districts in Northern region (Unicef) and possibly World Bank regions

• Steps towards integration of indicators and processes in national monitoring system

WATER SERVICES THAT LAST …16

CHALLENGES AND OUTSTANDING ISSUES

• Coding of facilities and service providers• Review of piped system quantity data to be

collected• Slight review needed of some indicators (e.g.

tariff indicator)• Inclusion of household surveys to verify service

levels