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ASSIGNMENT # 1
OfOpen Source Technologies
Submitted To:- Miss Mandeep KaurSubmitted By:-
Ankush Gupta
MCACourse Code 304
Roll-No 14
Department:-Computer Applications
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Part-A
Q1:- How can we manage the conflict regarding port number,
among multiple servers on single system.
Ans:- In some cases, you might want to run multiple mysqld
servers on the samemachine. You might want to test a new MySQL
release while leaving your existing
production setup undisturbed. Or you might want to give
different users access to
different mysqld servers that they manage themselves.
To run multiple servers on a single machine, each server must
have unique values
for several operating parameters. These can be set on the
command line or in
option files.
At least the following options must be different for each
server:-
--port=port_num--port controls the port number for TCP/IP
connections. (Alternatively, if
the host has multiple network addresses, you can use
--bind-address to
cause different servers to listen to different interfaces.)
--socket=path--socket controls the Unix socket file path on Unix
and the name of the
named pipe on Windows. On Windows, it is necessary to specify
distinct pipenames only for those servers that support named-pipe
connections.
--shared-memory-base-name=nameThis option currently is used only
on Windows. It designates the shared-
memory name used by a Windows server to permit clients to
connect using
shared memory. It is necessary to specify distinct shared-memory
names
only for those servers that support shared-memory
connections.
--pid-file=file_nameThis option is used only on Unix. It
indicates the path name of the file in
which the server writes its process ID.
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Q:2 I have made a software using GNU. Now I want to release
it as a product under my name. What are the prerequisites
for
doing so?
Ans:- The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license
for softwareand other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are
designed to take
away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
the GNU General
Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share
and change all
versions of a program--to make sure it remains free software for
all its users. We,
the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License
for most of our
software; it applies also to any other work released this way by
its authors. You
can apply it to your programs, too.
The prerequisites are:-
1. Source Code:- The source code for a work means the preferred
form of thework for making modifications to it. Object code means
any non-source form of a
work.
The Corresponding Source for a work in object code form means
all the source
code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work)
run the object code
and to modify the work, including scripts to control those
activities. However, it
does not include the work's System Libraries, or general-purpose
tools or generally
available free programs which are used unmodified in performing
those activities
but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding
Source includes
interface definition files associated with source files for the
work, and the source
code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms
that the work is
specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data
communication or control
flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.
2. Basic Permissions:- All rights granted under this License are
granted for theterm of copyright on the Program, and are
irrevocable provided the stated
conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your
unlimited
permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from
running a
covered work is covered by this License only if the output,
given its
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content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges
your rights
of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright
law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not
convey, without
conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force.
You may conveycovered works to others for the sole purpose of
having them make modifications
exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running
those works, provided
that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all
material for which
you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the
covered works for
you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction
and control, on
terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your
copyrighted material
outside their relationship with you.
3. Additional Terms:-Additional permissions are terms that
supplement theterms of this License by making exceptions from one
or more of its conditions.
Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program
shall be treated
as though they were included in this License, to the extent that
they are valid
under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to
part of the Program,
that part may be used separately under those permissions, but
the entire Program
remains governed by this License without regard to the
additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option
remove any
additional permission from that copy, or from any part of it.
(Additionalpermissions may be written to require their own removal
in certain cases when you
modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on
material, added by you
to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate
copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for
material you add to a
covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of
that material)
supplement the terms of this License with terms:
Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or
author
attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal
Notices displayedby works containing it.
Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or
requiring
that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable
ways as
different from the original version.
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Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
authors of
the material.
Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
trade names,
trademarks, or service marks.
Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
material by anyonewho conveys the material (or modified versions of
it) with contractual
assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability
that these
contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and
authors.
4. Revised Versions of this License:- The Free Software
Foundation maypublish revised and/or new versions of the GNU
General Public License
from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit
to the present
version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or
concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
Program specifies that
a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License or
any later
version applies to it, you have the option of following the
terms and conditions
either of that numbered version or of any later version
published by the Free
Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version
number of the
GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever
published by the Free
Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
versions of the
GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy's public
statement of
acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose
that version for the
Program.
Q3:- Give an example to show that free software and open
source software are two different concepts.
Ans:- Open Source Software and Free Software are the two
movements thathave sprung up to counter the rapid trend of
commercialized proprietary software.
Open Source is the source code of the software is freely
available for other
people to see and study. In truth, the scale of open source
software has more
provisions than just having a visible source code. There are a
lot of definitions for
Free Software, the most common of which is freeware, or software
that you do
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not have to pay for to use. However, the Free Software movement
specifies that
the freedom in free software extends far beyond the cost of the
software.
Basically, a user can do anything to Free Software, as long as
the resulting
software is also free.
Free Software is a stricter code sharing method compared to Open
Source, which
allows the maker of the code to specify certain conditions, to
enable the legal use
and distribution of the software. The coder of Open Source
software can specify
whether a user is allowed to redistribute the modified code or
not. This is not
possible with Free Software, as it specifically indicates that
the modified code
derived from Free Software, should also be released as Free
Software.
Another aspect that Free Software advocates point out about Open
Source
software, is the practice of some companies to market their
software as OpenSource, but having the majority of the functions as
proprietary software sold at a
price. So, even though the main software is licensed as Open
Source software, you
will still need to pay in order to get the full functionality.
Free Software is not
allowed to work with proprietary software, thereby eliminating
the possibility of
the term Free Software being used in a misleading manner.
The main differences are:-1. Free Software is Open Source
Software, but Open Source software may not
necessarily be Free Software.
2. Open Source allows the coder more control over his program
compared to Free
Software.
3. Open Source software can work with other proprietary
software, while Free
Software does not allow the same.
Part-B
Q:1 Which three types of server configurations are offered
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Ans:- Three types of server configurations are:- There are
threedifferent server types available to choose from. The server
type that you choose
affects the decisions that the MySQL Server Instance
Configuration Wizard
makes with regard to memory, disk, and processor usage.
Developer Machine:- Choose this option for a typical desktop
workstation whereMySQL is intended only for personal use. It is
assumed that many other desktop
applications are running. The MySQL server is configured to use
minimal system
resources.
Server Machine:- Choose this option for a server machine where
the MySQLserver is running alongside other server applications such
as FTP, email, and Web
servers. The MySQL server is configured to use a moderate
portion of the system
resources.
Dedicated MySQL Server Machine:- Choose this option for a server
machinethat is intended to run only the MySQL server. It is assumed
that no other
applications are running. The MySQL server is configured to use
all available
system resources.
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Q:2 Can you control the number of concurrent connections to
a MySQL server? If yes then how?Ans:- Yes we can control the
number of concurrent connections to a MySQLserver.
We can control connections:- In the /etc/my.cnf, you can set the
value likethis:-
max_connections=500
max_user_connections=12
Max connections is the maximum connections that can be made to
the Mysql server
and max_user connection is the maximum a user can make to the
Mysql server.
Q:3 What if I remove all the contents from a log file? For
how long time that file will remain blank?
Ans:- Log File:- It contain 2 log File:-1. Error Log:-The server
error log, whose name and location is set by the
ErrorLog directive, is the most important log file. This is the
place where Apachehttpd will send diagnostic information and record
any errors that it encounters in
processing requests. It is the first place to look when a
problem occurs with
starting the server or with the operation of the server, since
it will often contain
details of what went wrong and how to fix it.
The first item in the log entry is the date and time of the
message. The second
entry lists the severity of the error being reported. The
LogLevel directive is used
to control the types of errors that are sent to the error log by
restricting the
severity level. The third entry gives the IP address of the
client that generatedthe error.
How long time that file will remain blank:- If we remove all
thecontent from error log then the file remain empty till the error
come in the server
when an error come then a entry of error with the date and time
automatically
entered in this log file.
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2. Access log:- The server access log records all requests
processed by theserver. The location and content of the access log
are controlled by the CustomLog
directive. The LogFormat directive can be used to simplify the
selection of the
contents of the logs. This section describes how to configure
the server to recordinformation in the access log.
How long time that file will remain blank:- If we remove all
thecontent from access log then the file remain empty till we run
the apache server.
An entry with date and time of accessing will automatically
entered in the access
file.
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