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Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) topic quiz
Cloning and biotechnology
Instructions and answers for teachersThese instructions cover the learner activity section which can be found on page 13.
This Lesson Element supports OCR AS and A Level Biology A (H020, H420) and Biology B (Advancing Biology) (H022, H422).
When distributing the activity section to the learners either as a printed copy or as a Word file you will need to remove the teacher instructions section.
The Activity This Lesson Element is a teaching and learning resource containing 20 multiple choice questions (MCQs) on the theme of photosynthesis. Some questions might require synoptic thinking, using knowledge and ideas from various topics across the full A Level content.
This resource can be used to test and consolidate understanding at the end of a topic or to revisit and refresh knowledge at a later point in the course.
Introduction Multiple choice questions allow rapid coverage of a wide range of sub-topics.
Contrary to a widespread belief among students, multiple choice questions are not necessarily easy – they can be easy, moderate or difficult.
The questions are written so that the incorrect answers are plausible distractors based on common errors or misconceptions.
The questions in this quiz cover topics mainly from specification section:
Biology A 6.2 Cloning and biotechnology
Biology B (Advancing Biology)5.1.3 Gene technologies
Version 1 1 © OCR 2018
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) topic quiz - answers1 Which statement defines cloning?
A Making offspring identical to one parent.
B Producing identical plants and animals by natural or artificial means.
C Producing genetically identical copies of an individual, cell or gene.
D Splitting embryos to make twins.
Your answer
2 Taking cuttings is a simple way of cloning a Pelargonium plant.
Which line of the table correctly identifies the cells that divide in the cutting to produce callus tissue, and the type of nuclear division they use?
identity of dividing cells type of nuclear division
A meristem cells meiosis
B meristem cells mitosis
C stem cells meiosis
D stem cells mitosis
Your answer
3 Which line in the table correctly identifies an advantage and a disadvantage of cloning plants, compared to growing them from seed?
advantage disadvantage
A can reproduce infertile hybrids uniform disease susceptibility
B increased genetic variation uniform height
C decreased genetic variation quicker
D uniform disease susceptibility uniform height
Your answer
Version 1 2 © OCR 2018
C
B
A
4 The diagram shows stages in the process of micropropagation.
At which stage, A, B, C or D, would the subdivision of explants occur?
Your answer
5 Which of these statements is true of natural clones in mammals?
A They have identical nuclear genomes and, on average, 50% of the same mitochondrial genome.
B They share the same nuclear and mitochondrial DNA genomes.
C They share, on average, 50% of their nuclear genome but have identical mitochondrial genomes.
D They share, on average, 50% of their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
Your answer
Version 1 3 © OCR 2018
B
B
6 The success of using SCNT to create a cloned offspring was shown by the following experiment:
A nucleus was taken from a cell of the udder of a white sheep. It was fused with an enucleated oocyte from a sheep with a black face and legs. The oocyte with its new nuclear genetic material divided to form an early embryo. The embryo was implanted in a surrogate mother sheep that had a black face and
legs.
Why did the experimenter select a sheep of a different colour to donate the nucleus?
A because white sheep are more valuable
B because white sheep cells have larger nuclei
C so the offspring’s phenotype would reveal its genetic parent
D so the offspring’s DNA profile would be different to the surrogate and egg donor
Your answer
7 Some key dates in the history of animal cloning are:
1958: Toad. Nuclei from embryos produced by the fertilisation of gametes from toads P and Q were placed into enucleated eggs from toad R.
1967: Mouse. An embryo produced by the fertilisation of gametes from parents S and T was split into individual cells which were grown to give several viable embryos to implant into mouse U.
1996: Sheep. A nucleus from an adult somatic cell of sheep V was placed into an enucleated oocyte from sheep W and this was implanted into sheep X.
Which line in the table summarises true points of similarity between these processes?
toad and mouse mouse and sheep toad and sheep
A P and Q perform the same function as S and T
S,T and V contribute half of their genes to the
cloned offspring
reproductive cloning occurred
BP, Q, S and T each contribute
half of their genes to the cloned offspring
U and W are surrogate mothers
the genotypes of all the cloned offspring were
known in advance
C reproductive cloning occurredU and X are surrogate
mothersR and W are egg
donors
Dthe genotypes of all the cloned
offspring were not known in advance
reproductive cloning occurred
R and W are surrogate mothers
Your answer
Version 1 4 © OCR 2018
C
C
8 The diagram shows how three factors change during batch fermentation to produce beer. F and G are plotted as the percentage of their final concentrations and H is plotted as the percentage of its initial concentration.
Which line of the table correctly identifies F, G and H?
F G H
A ethanol sugar yeast
B ethanol yeast sugar
C yeast ethanol sugar
D yeast sugar ethanol
Your answer
Version 1 5 © OCR 2018
C
9 In what way does biotechnology offer a solution to the problem of food security?
A Bacteria can convert perishable milk to yogurt which keeps for longer.
B Bacteria multiply quickly.
C Microorganisms can convert food waste to usable food ingredients.
D Microorganisms carry out reactions at low temperatures.
Your answer
10 A population of bacterial cells doubles in size every 20 minutes. The starting population consists of 100 cells.
Calculate the number of cells in the population after 12 hours.
A 4 x 105
B 4 x 109
C 7 x 1010
D 7 x 1012
Your answer
11 The table shows the activity of free and immobilised enzyme at different temperatures.
temperature / oC activity of free enzyme / arbitrary units
activity of immobilised enzyme / arbitrary units
30 20 20
40 39 41
50 65 56
60 52 67
70 47 78
80 19 61
Version 1 6 © OCR 2018
C
D
What evaluation can be made from the data about immobilising this enzyme for use in an industrial fermenter?
A The immobilised enzyme can be re-used.
B The immobilised enzyme can potentially produce a greater yield of product in a shorter time.
C The immobilised enzyme can be used at a lower temperature to reduce costs.
D Slight variation in temperature either side of the optimum will affect the immobilised enzyme less.
Your answer
12 Lactase enzyme can be immobilised and used to produce lactose-free milk.
What are the products of the reaction catalysed by lactase?
A fructose and glucose
B fructose and sucrose
C galactose and fructose
D galactose and glucose
Your answer
13 Glucose isomerase and penicillin acylase are enzymes that are immobilised and used in industrial processes.
What definition of biotechnology encompasses the use of these enzymes?
A The industrial use of living organisms or parts of living organisms to produce food.
B The industrial use of living organisms to produce food and drugs
C The industrial use of living organisms or parts of living organisms to produce food and drugs.
D The industrial use of microorganisms to produce food, drugs or other products
Your answer
Version 1 7 © OCR 2018
B
D
C
14 Entrapment and adsorption are techniques used to prepare enzymes for use in industry.
What is the shared advantage of these processes?
A Downstream processing is easier.
B Enzymes gain more specificity.
C Enzymes are protected from inhibitors.
D The rate of reaction is increased in all conditions.
Your answer
15 Strawberry plants can be reproduced by three methods.
Method 1: micropropogation
Method 2: runners
Method 3: sowing seed
Which method produces a clone?
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
Version 1 8 © OCR 2018
B
A
16 The table shows the activity of free and immobilised enzyme at different pHs.
pHactivity of free
enzyme / arbitrary units
activity of immobilised
enzyme / arbitrary units
4.5 34 34
5.0 56 49
5.5 65 54
6.0 48 68
6.5 42 47
7.0 31 36
Which statements correctly describe patterns shown in the data?
Statement 1: As pH increases enzyme activity increases to a peak and then falls.
Statement 2: The immobilised enzyme retains activity above 40 arbitrary units over a wider pH range.
Statement 3: Immobilised enzyme has a more acidic optimum pH than free enzyme.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
Version 1 9 © OCR 2018
D
17 Which statements are arguments in favour of therapeutic cloning and stem cell research?
Statement 1: There is a shortage of tissue and organ donors.
Statement 2: Immune suppressant drugs are needed long-term when another person donates tissue to a transplant patient.
Statement 3: Cloned animals are capable of living a normal lifespan.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
18 A liquid broth containing bacteria undergoes three rounds of serial dilution. In each case 1 cm3 of the starting solution is mixed with 9 cm3 of water. 1 cm3 of the final solution is plated onto agar and 39 colonies grow.
Calculate the number of bacteria in 1 cm3 of the original broth.
A 390
B 3 900
C 39 000
D 390 000
Your answer
Version 1 10 © OCR 2018
B
C
19 The graph shows the standard growth curve of a microorganism in closed culture.
Which statements concerning the growth and metabolism of microorganisms are true?
Statement 1: Stage S can be avoided by growing the microorganism in a continuous fermentation system.
Statement 2: The increase in number of bacteria is exponential at Q
Statement 3: A primary metabolite will increase in concentration during stages P, Q and R.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
Version 1 11 © OCR 2018
B
20 Escherichia coli bacteria may respire aerobically or anaerobically. They have been genetically modified to produce the human insulin protein. The recombinant bacteria are grown in large fermenters and are later processed to extract insulin for injection into patients with diabetes.
Which statements are true of this method of producing insulin?
Statement 1: Insulin yield will be increased by fitting the fermenter with an air sparger.
Statement 2: The rate of flow of water in the cooling jacket of the fermenter must be adjusted as temperature fluctuates to maximise the yield of insulin.
Statement 3: The rate of increase of the bacterial population in the fermenter is affected by the pH and the concentrations of nutrients and waste products.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
Version 1 12 © OCR 2018
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A
Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) topic quiz
Cloning and biotechnology
Learner Activity
1 Which statement defines cloning?
A Making offspring identical to one parent.
B Producing identical plants and animals by natural or artificial means.
C Producing genetically identical copies of an individual, cell or gene.
D Splitting embryos to make twins.
Your answer
2 Taking cuttings is a simple way of cloning a Pelargonium plant.
Which line of the table correctly identifies the cells that divide in the cutting to produce callus tissue, and the type of nuclear division they use?
identity of dividing cells type of nuclear division
A meristem cells meiosis
B meristem cells mitosis
C stem cells meiosis
D stem cells mitosis
Your answer
Version 1 13 © OCR 2018
3 Which line in the table correctly identifies an advantage and a disadvantage of cloning plants, compared to growing them from seed?
advantage disadvantage
A can reproduce infertile hybrids uniform disease susceptibility
B increased genetic variation uniform height
C decreased genetic variation quicker
D uniform disease susceptibility uniform height
Your answer
4 The diagram shows stages in the process of micropropagation.
At which stage, A, B, C or D, would the subdivision of explants occur?
Version 1 14 © OCR 2018
Your answer
5 Which of these statements is true of natural clones in mammals?
A They have identical nuclear genomes and, on average, 50% of the same mitochondrial genome.
B They share the same nuclear and mitochondrial DNA genomes.
C They share, on average, 50% of their nuclear genome but have identical mitochondrial genomes.
D They share, on average, 50% of their nuclear and mitochondrial genomes.
Your answer
6 The success of using SCNT to create a cloned offspring was shown by the following experiment:
A nucleus was taken from a cell of the udder of a white sheep. It was fused with an enucleated oocyte from a sheep with a black face and legs. The oocyte with its new nuclear genetic material divided to form an early embryo. The embryo was implanted in a surrogate mother sheep that had a black face and
legs.
Why did the experimenter select a sheep of a different colour to donate the nucleus?
A because white sheep are more valuable
B because white sheep cells have larger nuclei
C so the offspring’s phenotype would reveal its genetic parent
D so the offspring’s DNA profile would be different to the surrogate and egg donor
Your answer
Version 1 15 © OCR 2018
7 Some key dates in the history of animal cloning are:
1958: Toad. Nuclei from embryos produced by the fertilisation of gametes from toads P and Q were placed into enucleated eggs from toad R.
1967: Mouse. An embryo produced by the fertilisation of gametes from parents S and T was split into individual cells which were grown to give several viable embryos to implant into mouse U.
1996: Sheep. A nucleus from an adult somatic cell of sheep V was placed into an enucleated oocyte from sheep W and this was implanted into sheep X.
Which line in the table summarises true points of similarity between these processes?
toad and mouse mouse and sheep toad and sheep
A P and Q perform the same function as S and T
S,T and V contribute half of their genes to the
cloned offspring
reproductive cloning occurred
BP, Q, S and T each contribute
half of their genes to the cloned offspring
U and W are surrogate mothers
the genotypes of all the cloned offspring were
known in advance
C reproductive cloning occurredU and X are surrogate
mothersR and W are egg
donors
Dthe genotypes of all the cloned
offspring were not known in advance
reproductive cloning occurred
R and W are surrogate mothers
Your answer
Version 1 16 © OCR 2018
8 The diagram shows how three factors change during batch fermentation to produce beer. F and G are plotted as the percentage of their final concentrations and H is plotted as the percentage of its initial concentration.
Which line of the table correctly identifies F, G and H?
F G H
A ethanol sugar yeast
B ethanol yeast sugar
C yeast ethanol sugar
D yeast sugar ethanol
Your answer
Version 1 17 © OCR 2018
9 In what way does biotechnology offer a solution to the problem of food security?
A Bacteria can convert perishable milk to yogurt which keeps for longer.
B Bacteria multiply quickly.
C Microorganisms can convert food waste to usable food ingredients.
D Microorganisms carry out reactions at low temperatures.
Your answer
10 A population of bacterial cells doubles in size every 20 minutes. The starting population consists of 100 cells.
Calculate the number of cells in the population after 12 hours.
A 4 x 105
B 4 x 109
C 7 x 1010
D 7 x 1012
Your answer
Version 1 18 © OCR 2018
11 The table shows the activity of free and immobilised enzyme at different temperatures.
temperature / oCactivity of free enzyme /
arbitrary unitsactivity of immobilised enzyme / arbitrary units
30 20 20
40 39 41
50 65 56
60 52 67
70 47 78
80 19 61
What evaluation can be made from the data about immobilising this enzyme for use in an industrial fermenter?
A The immobilised enzyme can be re-used.
B The immobilised enzyme can potentially produce a greater yield of product in a shorter time.
C The immobilised enzyme can be used at a lower temperature to reduce costs.
D Slight variation in temperature either side of the optimum will affect the immobilised enzyme less.
Your answer
12 Lactase enzyme can be immobilised and used to produce lactose-free milk.
What are the products of the reaction catalysed by lactase?
A fructose and glucose
B fructose and sucrose
C galactose and fructose
D galactose and glucose
Your answer
Version 1 19 © OCR 2018
13 Glucose isomerase and penicillin acylase are enzymes that are immobilised and used in industrial processes.
What definition of biotechnology encompasses the use of these enzymes?
A The industrial use of living organisms or parts of living organisms to produce food.
B The industrial use of living organisms to produce food and drugs
C The industrial use of living organisms or parts of living organisms to produce food and drugs.
D The industrial use of microorganisms to produce food, drugs or other products
Your answer
14 Entrapment and adsorption are techniques used to prepare enzymes for use in industry.
What is the shared advantage of these processes?
A Downstream processing is easier.
B Enzymes gain more specificity.
C Enzymes are protected from inhibitors.
D The rate of reaction is increased in all conditions.
Your answer
15 Strawberry plants can be reproduced by three methods.
Method 1: micropropogationMethod 2: runnersMethod 3: sowing seed
Which method produces a clone?
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
Version 1 20 © OCR 2018
16 The table shows the activity of free and immobilised enzyme at different pHs.
pHactivity of free
enzyme / arbitrary units
activity of immobilised
enzyme / arbitrary units
4.5 34 34
5.0 56 49
5.5 65 54
6.0 48 68
6.5 42 47
7.0 31 36
Which statements correctly describe patterns shown in the data?
Statement 1: As pH increases enzyme activity increases to a peak and then falls.
Statement 2: The immobilised enzyme retains activity above 40 arbitrary units over a wider pH range.
Statement 3: Immobilised enzyme has a more acidic optimum pH than free enzyme.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
Version 1 21 © OCR 2018
17 Which statements are arguments in favour of therapeutic cloning and stem cell research?
Statement 1: There is a shortage of tissue and organ donors.
Statement 2: Immune suppressant drugs are needed long-term when another person donates tissue to a transplant patient.
Statement 3: Cloned animals are capable of living a normal lifespan.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
18 A liquid broth containing bacteria undergoes three rounds of serial dilution. In each case 1 cm3 of the starting solution is mixed with 9 cm3 of water. 1 cm3 of the final solution is plated onto agar and 39 colonies grow.
Calculate the number of bacteria in 1 cm3 of the original broth.
A 390
B 3 900
C 39 000
D 390 000
Your answer
Version 1 22 © OCR 2018
19 The graph shows the standard growth curve of a microorganism in closed culture.
Which statements concerning the growth and metabolism of microorganisms are true?
Statement 1: Stage S can be avoided by growing the microorganism in a continuous fermentation system.
Statement 2: The increase in number of bacteria is exponential at Q
Statement 3: A primary metabolite will increase in concentration during stages P, Q and R.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1Your answer
Version 1 23 © OCR 2018
20 Escherichia coli bacteria may respire aerobically or anaerobically. They have been genetically modified to produce the human insulin protein. The recombinant bacteria are grown in large fermenters and are later processed to extract insulin for injection into patients with diabetes.
Which statements are true of this method of producing insulin?
Statement 1: Insulin yield will be increased by fitting the fermenter with an air sparger.
Statement 2: The rate of flow of water in the cooling jacket of the fermenter must be adjusted as temperature fluctuates to maximise the yield of insulin.
Statement 3: The rate of increase of the bacterial population in the fermenter is affected by the pH and the concentrations of nutrients and waste products.
A 1, 2 and 3
B Only 1 and 2
C Only 2 and 3
D Only 1
Your answer
Version 1 24 © OCR 2018
