Arvin Antonio V. Ortiz

ANG KATANGIAN AT KAHALAGAHAN NG YAMANG TAO NG PILIPINAS

Ano ang kaibahan ng dalawang larawan ng pamilya?

BALANGKAS NG POPULASYON NG PILIPINAS

Populasyon 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Kabuuang Populasyon(sa milyon)

81.9 83.6 85.3 87.0 88.6 90.5

Density 270 276 284 290 295 302

Growth rate (sa porsyento)

2.1 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0

Source: Asian Development Bank

DISTRIBUSYON AT KOMPOSISYON

• 2/5 ng kabuuang populasyon ng bansa o 37.01% ay nasa gulang na 15 pababa (NSO, 2000)

• Kalahati ng kabuuang populasyon ng Pilipinas ay nasa gulang 21 pababa

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

Source: US Census Bureau

EPEKTO NG PAGBABA NG TFR (TOTAL FERTILITY RATE)

• Total Fertility Rate – average number of children a woman will bear over her lifetime of reproduction (that is, from 14 to 49 years, although some would include only those from 15 to 45 years). More technically, the UN Statistics Division defines TFR as “the number of children that would be born per woman, assuming no female mortality at child bearing ages and the age-specific fertility rates of a specified country and reference period.

• The TFR computation includes not only married women, but all women. Hence, since many women bear zero or one child, the rest should bear more than 2.1 if the population is to be replaced.

• “Fertility levels in the 44 developed countries, which account for 19 per cent of the world population, are currently very low… Fifteen, mostly located in Southern and Eastern Europe, have reached levels of fertility unprecedented in human history (below 1.3 children per woman). Since 1990-1995, fertility decline has been the rule among most developed countries.” (UNPD, World Population Prospect)

AGE70+65-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4

MALE FEMALE

Population pyramid withabove-replacement TFR Elderly

dependents

Economicallyactive

Youngdependents

AGE70+65-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4

MALE FEMALE

50 yrs TFR below replacement(AgeingPopulation)

Elderlydependents

Economicallyactive

Youngdependents

AGE70+65-6960-6455-5950-5445-4940-4435-3930-3425-2920-2415-1910-145-90-4

MALE FEMALE

60 yrs TFR below replacementElderly

dependents

Economicallyactive

Youngdependents

• Ageing countries will experience “demographic winter;”

• An older national population leads to extreme economic burden;

• The increasing number of beneficiaries in proportion to contributors; gradually overburdens the pension fund and the social security system;

• The labor force will be older, less efficient and less capable of learning new procedures and equipment with the latest technologies;

• Having fewer and older people means a smaller market;

• The number of children adults in ageing countries have to feed has been decreasing in the last three decades, hence, parents are able to lavish them with more material goods. But little did these children know that when they, few as they are, become adults 30 years later, they would have to care for an immense number of elderly;

EFFECTS OF AGEING POPULATION

BABIES DESPERATELY NEEDED

• 1. Restrict or limit contraception

• 2. Restrict or limit abortion

• 3. Restrict or limit education of girls

• 4. Restrict or limit employment of women

• 5. Facilitate early marriage

• 6. Match making to encourage marriage

• 7. Public relation campaigns for marriage, childbearing and parenthood

• 8. Make child-raising a financial option for women (e.g., paid job)

• 9. Strengthen the economic security of motherhood within the family

• 10. Paid maternity leave

• 11. Paid paternity leave

• 12. Cash bonus for birth of child

• 13. Cash payments for dependent children

• 14. Prenatal, antenatal health care and infertility treatments

• 15. Infant and child care facilities

• 16. Pre-school and after school care facilities

• 17. Tax benefits or deductions for dependent children

• 18. Pensions, social security and elder-care services related to childrearing

• 19. Part-time work opportunities for parents

• 20. Flexible working hours

• 21. Shared parental responsibilities between mothers and fathers

• 22. Shared housework among males and females

• 23. Changed traditional roles of males and females so men take on more female roles at home

• 24. Preferences for parents with dependent children, e.g., priorities in mortgages, housing, loans, government services and benefits, etc.

• 25. Political/legal system more responsive to couples with children, e.g., granting extra voting rights to adults with minor children”

Source: J. Chamie, Low Fertility: Can Governments Make A Difference?, p. 5.

• France gives as much as 800 Euros for every child born.

• In Laviano, the government gives 10,000 Euros for every child born.

• Other cities or provinces provide a 200 Euro or more monthly subsidy to mothers for every child or second child below two years old, financially assist corporations to create day care centers in their premises, set up match-making agencies for young men and women to hopefully find a spouse, offer tax breaks and so on. Many advertisements today depict pregnant women in a very positive way, as if hoping that many others would imitate them.

LEKSYON PARA SA PILIPINAS

• Tuluyang ibasura ang anumang panukala tungkol sa “population control”;

• Gabayan at suportahan ang mga magulang upang matukoy ang bilang ng anak na kaya nilang palakihin at pag-aralin;

• Pagyamanin ang yamang paggawa/ yamang tao sa halip na ituring itong hadlang sa kaunlaran

“A country’s standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services.”

“human capital,” which refers to the skills, education, health and

training of individuals, comprises around 80% of the wealth of

advanced countries, and hence “can be neglected [only] at a

country’s peril.”― Dr. Gary Becker, 1992 Nobel Prize

Winner in Economic Science

Simple literacy – kakayahan ng isang tao na bumasa, sumulat, at umunawa ng simpleng mensahe sa anumang wika o dayalekto.

Rehiyon 1989 1994 2000 2003

Pilipinas 89.8 93.9 92.3 93.4

NCR 98.1 98.8 98.1 99.0

ARMM - 73.5 68.7 70.2

MAG-AARAL SA KOLEHIYO

• Sa S.Y. 2005-2006, nangunguna ang Medical and Allied Courses

• Pumapangalawa rito ang Business Administration at sinusundan ng Education and Teacher Training at Engineering and Technology

• Simula 2001 hanggang 2006, kapuna-puna ang mabilis na pagtaas ng bilang ng mga mag-aaral na kumukuha ng Medical and Allied Courses, partikular ang nursing

ANG LAKAS-PAGGAWA NG PILIPINAS

• Labor force – lakas-paggawa ay tumutukoy sa kabuuang bilang ng manggagawa 15 taon at pataas, kabilang ang may trabaho, walang trabaho, at naghahanap ng trabaho.

• Labor force participation rate – tumutukoy sa ratio ng kabuuang bilang ng mga taong kabilang sa lakas-paggawa kung ihahambing sa kabuuang populasyon na may gulang na 15 pataas.

• Employed – mga may gulang na 15 pataas na nagtratrabaho.

• Unemployed – tumutukoy sa mga pansamantalang natanggal sa trabaho, naghahanap ng trabaho, o mga nais magtrabaho.

• Underemployed – ang mga may trabaho, ngunit hindi natutugunan ang kumpletong oras ng paggawa dahil sa sariling kagustuhan o dahil sa hindi makahanap ng full-time na trabaho.

ANG LAKAS-PAGGAWA NG PILIPINAS MULA 2005 HANGGANG 2009

Oktubre 2005 Oktubre 2006 Oktubre 2007 2008 2009

Total 15 y.o. and over 54,799 55,989 56,845 57,848 59,327

Labor force 35,494 35,806 35,926 36,791 37,969

Employed 32,875 33,185 33,663 34,068 35,121

Unemployed 2,619 2,621 2,263 2,723 2,848

Underemployed 6,962 6,761 6,093 6,575 6,708

Labor force participation rate

64.8 64.0 63.2 63.6 64.0

Employment rate 92.6 92.7 93.7 92.6 92.5

Unemployment rate 7.4 7.3 6.3 7.4 7.5

Underemployment rate 21.2 20.4 18.1 19.3 19.1

MGA PORMULA

Populasyon

Unemployment rate

Employment rate

Underemployment rate

Labor force participation rate

=

=

=

=

=

lakas-paggawa+wala sa lakas-paggawawalang trabaholakas-paggawa

x100

may trabaholakas-paggawa

x100

underemployedlakas-paggawa

x100

lakas-paggawapopulasyon

x100

PAGPAPAUNLAD SA KALIDAD NG PAGGAWA

• Gawing produktibo ang mga tao sa pamamagitan ng:

• Edukasyon

• Teknolohiya• Kasanayan