ARUBRAS / Albemarle Flame Retardants - INTI · ARUBRAS / Albemarle Flame Retardants Aug 2007 2 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation ARUBRAS S.A ... Alumina tri hidrat

§Flame Retardante - ARUBAS/Albemarle §24/08/2007

§1

www.albemarle.com

ARUBRAS / AlbemarleFlame Retardants

Aug 2007

www.albemarle.com

2 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation

ARUBRAS S.A

En ARUBRAS S.A. nos dedicamos a la comercialización y distribución de productos químicos destinados la mayoríade los rubros industriales.

Representamos localmente empresas de gran peso internacional.Tenemos en nuestro stock local mas de 120 productos y junto con elsoporte técnico local de nuestro personal e internacional a través de las

representaciones propiciamos gran cantidad de nuevos desarrollos.

Mas información en: www.arubras.com.ar


§2

www.albemarle.com


Albemarle Overview• 2006 Net Sales = $2.4 billion• Provider of specialty chemicals that provide benefits to many consumer products• Technology and service-based business model yields innovative solutions

• Three business segments with strong, balanced product portfolios• Business model is committed to product and environmental stewardship

www.albemarle.com


The Flame Retardant Leader

Broad, Innovative Product Portfolio

• Bromine, Mineral, Phosphorus

Low-Cost Manufacturing

• Bromine: plants located at low -cost brine locations (Arkansas and Jordan)

• Mineral: low capital cost in Europe, replicated in U.S., China

• Phosphorus: regional low -cost manufacturing locations; plant under construction in China

Broad Application & Product Innovation

Global Market for Flame Retardants$3.19 Billion (est.) - 2006

Alumina tri hidrat.Alumina tri hidrat.


§3

www.albemarle.com


Furnishing

BuildingTextiles Coatings

Wire & Cable

PUR FoamsRB-49, RB-79, 7980, RZ-243/254, RB9500/1,

RB9130/9170Complete Antiblaze Range

, 2006

Textile S-102E, HP900, HP-8010, RB-49, APP 2007

EPS/XPS HP-900 2007

POS-102E, BT-93, BT-93W, S-8010, S-120

Martinal & Magnifin Range, 2006

Electrical Components PBT/PET/NylonS-102E, BT-93, BT-93W, PBT-620, HP-5010

HP-7010, 68PB, S-120, S-8010, HP-3010, 2006

Business Equipment

TV’sAppliances

HIPSS-102E, S-8010, BT-93 , S-4010

BT-93W, HP-900, CP-2000

PC/ABS P-30 Searching

ABSCP-2000, S-8010, BT-93, HP3010

BT-93W, S-1202006

Printed Wiring Boards EPOXY CP-2000 TS601 & TS610 2006

Application Market Albemarle Existing ProductsRecent or Planned

New Product Introductions

Albemarle is very active in new product development

Albemarle Flame Retardant Offering

www.albemarle.com


2005 US Fire Safety Statistics

§Fire departments went to 1,602,000 fires§Firefighters killed – 87§Civilians killed – 3,675§Civilians injured – 17,925§Direct property loss – $10.7 billion§Structural fires – 511,000 & 3,030 deaths§ 82% occurred in residential properties

§Vehicle fires – 290,000 & 500 deaths§Property damage ~ $1.05 billion

Source: Fire Loss in the United States During 2005, by Michael J. Karter, Jr.

An NFPA study published in April 2005 reported that upholstered furniture fires were associated with the most civilian deaths involving products in homes (Rohr, K, April 2005. US NFPA study: “Products first ignited in US Home Fires”)


§4

www.albemarle.com


Extract from a Dutch TV documentary, RTL 5, 2000

…..after 11 minutes

Non flame retardedFlame retarded to UK-standard

FR vs. Non FR TV

Sustainable Fire Safety

www.albemarle.com


What can Flame Retardants Do?

tem

per

atu

re

start of fire flash over time

Increase the threshold required to ignite a product: … prevent a fire starting in the first place

Reduce the rate of fire spread:… avoid or delay flashover

Reduce the rate of burning: … reduce fire intensity


§5

www.albemarle.com


Polymer Combustion

DISPERSION

PHASE

BOUNDARY

GAS PHASE

SOLID PHASE

HEAT FROM IGNITION SOURCE

THERMAL DEGRADATION

VOLATILE PRODUCTS

THERMAL OXIDATION

Fuel

OxygenHeat

OXYGEN

THERMAL OXIDATION

(FLAME)

HEAT

DECOMPOSITION

PRODUCTS

DISPERSION

CHARRED RESIDUE HEAT

Source: G. Camino etal., Polymer Degradation & Stability (1991)

www.albemarle.com


Flame Retardant Types

§ Halogens§ Brominated and chlorinated compounds

§ Flame interruption via free radical termination of combustible polymer fragments in the gas phase

§ Mineral-based (water of hydration)§ aluminum hydroxide (ATH)§ magnesium hydroxide (MDH)

§ Cooling, dilution, charring (capa carbonosa)

§ Phosphorus-based§ Intumescence, charring


§6

www.albemarle.com


FR Modes of Action

§Cooling§Dilution§Insulating foamed char or coating

aislante espumado o recubrimiento carbonoso

§Flame Suppressor

Heat Oxygen

Fuel

www.albemarle.com


FR Modes of Action:Cooling

§Creates a heat-sink from a compound that decomposes in an endothermic process

Aluminum Hydroxide (ATH):> 180> 180°°CC

2 Al(OH)2 Al(OH)2 Al(OH)2 Al(OH) 3333____________________________> Al> Al> Al> Al 2222OOOO3333 + 3 H+ 3 H+ 3 H+ 3 H2222OOOO

Magnesium Hydroxide (MDH):

> 300 > 300 °°CCMg(OH)Mg(OH)Mg(OH)Mg(OH) 2 2 2 2

____________________________> MgO + H> MgO + H> MgO + H> MgO + H 2222OOOO


§7

www.albemarle.com


FR Modes of Action: Dilution

§ Incorporation of inert substances§ Dilutes fuel available for combustion in sold and/or

gas phases

§ Can evolve inert gases on decomposition§ Many additives can serve this function§ Clay, talc, wood flour, and other fillers…but filler needs

to be less flammable than polymer§ Mineral FR’s (ATH or MDH)

§ High additive concentration is needed

www.albemarle.com


FR Modes of Action:Insulating Foamed Char or Coating

§ Formation of foamed char or coating on the surface of the polymer….serves as a physical barrier to heat and mass/gas transfer

§Phosphorus based FR’s§Mineral based FR’s (ATH, MDH)§Borates


§8

www.albemarle.com


FR Modes of Action:Flame suppressor

§ Interrupts the radical reactions of the gas phase combustion process§Halogenated compounds in combination with

antimony trioxide (synergist), some phosphorus and halogenated-phosphorus compounds§Stops the exothermic processes§Cools down the system, reduces the supply of

flammable gases and suppresses the fire§Most efficient and cost-effective method for flame

retarding polymers

www.albemarle.com


What Fire Retardant to use in Rigid Polyurethanes?

Nothing

“Cl”-”P” or “P”

Aliphatic Br

Aromatic Br

“P” “Cl” “Br”BlendsTest Severity Scale

Poor

Good

Better

Best

Excellent


§9

www.albemarle.com


Aromatic Fire RetardantAlbemarle ‘Mother Molecule’

SAYTEX RB-79Diol of tetrabromo phthallic anhydride

Hydroxyl number : 200-235 mg KOH /g

Bromine content : 45-46.5 wt%

Viscosity @ 25°C : 80000-120000 mPas

Viscosity @ 60°C : 800-2400 mPas

Br

Br

Br

Br

O

O

O

O

OH

OOH

CAS# 77098-07-8

RB-79 is the most common brominated FR used for rigid PU foams. It offers improved burn and physical properties over plasticizers type of Fire Retardants.

www.albemarle.com


SAYTEX RB-79 Features

• High viscosity liquid aromatic brominated diol.Relatively easy to make homogeneous mixture with other components.

• Reactive with isocyanate.Gets incorporated in the polymer chain / network. No chance of getting leached form the polymer matrix.

• High bromine content.Need low amount to meet FR standards.

• Stable in blend over time.Long storage time

• Compatibility with polyol, blowing agents, reactive and non-reactive blend components.

• Compatibility with polyether and polyester polyols.

• Non detrimental to foam strength.


§10

www.albemarle.com


Product RB 79 XP-7578 XP-7474 XP-7602 XP-7608

% Bromine 18.9 18.9 36.8 25.8 18.9

% Chlorine --- 15.6 0.0 9.8 16.0

% Phosphorous --- 4.5 0.0 2.8 4.5

Viscosity @ 25F cps 100,000 225 1,400 550 200

SPG 1.82 1.44 1.61 1.51 1.45

Hydroxyl # 220 122 172 120 88

Comments Basic Material

Spray

Sandwich Panels

All Systems Spray

Sandwich Panels

PIR Lamination application

Green Strength Technology

www.albemarle.com


Fire Safety Codes, Standards and Tests for Flexible PU Foam

Europe & UK§ BS-5852 Part 2 crib 5 - furniture in UK§ EN 1021-1 and EN1021-2 - cigarette and small flame ignition tests for

seating - European tests & standards§ EN 597-1 and EN 597-2 - mattresses - European tests & standards§ CSE RF 4/83 – enforced in Italy for public applications§ ISO 3795 (JIS D 1201) – automobile applications§ France is working on requiring fire resistance for upholstered furniture


§11

www.albemarle.com


Flame Retarding PU Foam

§ Common Flexible PU Foam Flame Retardants:§ TMCP or TCPP: Tris(2-chloropropyl) phosphate (Antiblaze® TMCP)§ TDCP: Tris(2-chloro-1-(chloromethyl)ethyl) phosphate (Antiblaze® 190)

§ V6: 2,2-bis(chloromethyl)trimethylene bis (bis(2-chloroethyl)phosphate) (Antiblaze® V-6)§ Non-reactive and reactive brominated compounds§ Phosphorus-based compounds

§ Common Rigid PU Foam Flame Retardants:

§ TMCP or TCPP (Antiblaze® TMCP)§ TCEP: Tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate§ Brominated aromatic polyalcohol§ DEEP: Diethyl ethylphosphonate (Antiblaze® V490)

www.albemarle.com


www.albemarle.com Albemarle Corporationwww.arubras.com.ar Arubras S.A.

www.specialchem.com see Albemarle FRs

www.bsef.com Bromine Science and Environmental Forum

www.fire-safety.net American Fire Safety Council

www.firemarshals.org National Association of State Fire Marshals

www.acfse.org European Fire Safety Coalition

www.ebfrip.org European Brominated Flame Retardant Industry

More Information on the Web…


§12

www.albemarle.com

Questions ?? Thank You!!

Documents

ARUBRAS / Albemarle Flame Retardants - INTI · ARUBRAS / Albemarle Flame Retardants Aug 2007 2 § Confidential Information of Albemarle Corporation ARUBRAS S.A ... Alumina tri hidrat