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Disciplinary Literacy: Argument in the Science Classroom 6-8

Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

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Page 1: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Disciplinary Literacy:Argument

in the Science Classroom

6-8

Page 2: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Argument in Science

Page 3: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Agenda:

• Define scientific argument.• Study the structure of argument.• Research an argument.• Craft an argument.• Publish an argument.

Page 4: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

• Teachers can facilitate an environment that encourages the use of argument in the classroom to the level of rigor expected by the Common Core State Standards and the Next Generation Science Framework.

• Teachers can articulate the framework of an argument.

• Teachers can implement and facilitate argumentation in the science classroom.

Outcomes:

Page 5: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

• College and Career Readiness • Standard 1:

Read Closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual

evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.

Common Core Reading Standards

Page 6: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Common Core Writing StandardsWHST.1

1.Write arguments focused on discipline-specific content.

Page 7: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

“I’ve already told you. No you didn’t! Yes I did!”

Page 8: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

What is Scientific Argument?A logical description of a scientific idea and the evidence for or against it. In everyday language, an argument usually means a verbal disagreement, but here we use another meaning of the term: a reasoned case for or against a particular viewpoint. Scientific arguments generally have a few basic components: • What is the idea? If this idea were true, what would we

expect to observe in a given situation?• Is this expectation borne out? • How does that reflect on the likelihood that the idea is

accurate or inaccurate?-Understanding Science, 2012

Page 9: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Modified Model Template

Figure 2. Taken from Berland & McNeill (2010) citing McNeill, K. L. & Krajcik, J.(2012)

because

Grades 6-8

Grades 9-12

Page 10: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Argument Learning

ProgressionsWhat are some behaviors one should see when doing an argument?

What conversations should students have during an argument?

Figure taken from Berkland & McNeill, 2010 Used with permission.

Page 11: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Quick Write  

What are some key concepts students should practice when engaged argumentative writing?

Page 12: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Researching an Argument• Background Knowledge- Read 2 Handouts-

select pages• Generating Arguments about Climate Change

(pp. 26-32)• Generating an Argument (pp. 32-36)

• Collecting Research Data• Reading Various TextsClaim:• Humans are a contributor to global warming.

Page 13: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

An experiment for data collection:

Claim: Humans are a contributor to global warming.

Conduct CO2 experiment

Page 14: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Generating (Crafting) an Argument

Which position do you take regarding the claim?

Claim:Humans are a contributor to global warming.• What is (are) your Claim(s)?• What is your Evidence?• What is your Reasoning?

Page 15: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Conducting an Argumentin a “Semi-Debate”

Berland and McNeill (2010) have identified four specific factors that are key to the argumentative process:1. individuals stating and defending claims, 2. individuals questioning one another’s claims and

defense, 3. individuals evaluating one another’s claims and

defense, and4. individuals revising their own and other’s claims.

P.776

Page 16: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Publishing an Argument

• Students should write their argument, according to CCSS expectations (WHST, p.64)

• Publishing - paper version or an on-line version

• What does that process look like in a classroom?

Page 17: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Publishing Arguments

Web 2.0 Sources Apps

• Glogster• Blogger• Edmodo• Gaggle• Arkansas Sandbox

• Edmodo• Evernote• Dragon Dictation

Page 18: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Creating an Argumentation Routine     

     • Identify a Question

Page 19: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Argument Learning

Progressions

What are some behaviors one should

see when doing an argument?

What conversations should students have during an argument?

Figure taken from Berkland & McNeill, 2010 Used with permission.

Page 20: Argument in Science Agenda: Define scientific argument. Study the structure of argument. Research an argument. Craft an argument. Publish an argument

Reflection• Which skills for argumentation will pose the greatest challenge

for my students?

• Which topics in my content lend to engaging students to use argument?

• How confident am I in my ability to teach my students to engage in argumentative writing? In which areas might I ask for additional training?

• Adapted from the Consortium on Reaching Excellence in Education, Inc.