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Area of Study Belonging

Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

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Page 1: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Area of Study

Belonging

Page 2: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Paper 1: Area of Study

Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark

• Section I (15 marks)– Responding to unseen texts

• Section II (15 marks)– Writing – composing

• Section III (15 marks)– Writing – integrated response

Page 3: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

What is an Area of Study?From the Prescriptions document:

– “Students explore and examine relationships between language and text, and the interrelationships among texts.”

– “They examine closely the individual qualities of texts while considering the texts’ relationships to the wider context of the Area of Study.”

– “They take into account whether aspects such as context, purpose and register, text structures, stylistic features, grammatical features and vocabulary are appropriate to the particular text.”

Page 4: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

This Area of Study requires students to explore the ways in which the concept of belonging is represented in and through texts.

What is a concept?

An abstract notion or ideaWider and broader than a simple theme- a concept allows you to analyse many themes under the umbrella term of ‘belonging’. What is meant by “represented in and through texts”?

Notions about belonging are dealt with in texts, as part of the subject/ theme/message of the text.

Page 5: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

--≥Perception refers to the interplay of recognition and interpretation and is influenced by our preconceived ideas, memories, experiences and senses. It can alter and even distort how we view the notion of belonging.

What are perceptions? What is the difference between perceptions and ideas?

Page 6: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

So…

• Perceptions are…-our recognition and interpretation of an idea. -influenced by our context and personal experiences.

• Ideas are…-concepts/ our understanding of an abstract concept. -influenced by our perceptions and context.

Page 7: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

FOUR IMPORTANT TERMS

IDENTITY The state or fact of being the same one as described The sense of self, providing sameness and continuity in

personality over timeAn instance or point of sameness or likeness

RELATIONSHIPS A connection, association or involvement An emotional or other connection between peopleA romantic or sensual involvement

ACCEPTANCEFavourable reception

The act of assenting or believing Belief in something, agreement

UNDERSTANDING A state of cooperative or mutually tolerant relations

between peopleMutual agreement Knowledge or familiarity with a particular thing

Page 8: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

It may be possible for an individual to both ‘belong’ and ‘not belong’ to a place, group, community, and the larger world?

Think about the consequences associated with having an ambivalent ‘sense of belonging’ to some person, thing, place, idea. How does this link to Peter Skrzynecki’s poetry?

Also remember…

Page 9: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

What is meant by enriching a community or group? -Making their experience of belonging positive, or contributing to their sense of belonging rather than alienation.-For example, in regards to the immigrants experience of a new country, the individual can choose to enrich an immigrants sense of belonging through their understanding or acceptance of the community the migrant comes from.

What is meant by challenging a group or community? -If an individual only sees flaws, or resists a community that can challenge their notion of belonging. -A sense of belonging can also be challenged through undermining, questioning values, opposition, division, defiance. For example, in Immigrant Chronicle young Peter often challenges the beliefs of the father by questioning his values., he is the child who rejects his cultural heritage

Page 10: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

The way attitudes to belonging are modified over time: Skrzynecki by the end of anthology has come to accept the call of his cultural heritageThe prophetic last four lines of ‘Postcards’ signify that although Skryznecki denies emphatically the call of his birthplace and his cultural heritage, he will always be connected to Europe; communicating his reconciliation with his Polish/ Ukrainian identity and legacy, and his acceptance that he does belong.

Why is ‘time’ an important notion when discussing belonging and attitudes to belonging?

Birth- childhood Adolescence Young Adult Adult Senior/ death

Page 11: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Barriers which prevent belonging Leaving your birthplace at the age of five: too young to have identified with the place and its culture

Being the child of migrants who talk of a place you have no memory of

Prejudice and detention

Denial and rejection

Perceptions

Page 12: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Developing a Belonging Vocabulary

• Acceptance• Affiliation• Affinity• Alienation• Antipathy• Association• Attachment• Disaffection• Disenfranchisement

• Fellowship• Identity• Inclusion• Insecurity• Kinship• Loyalty• Relationship• Understanding

Page 13: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Not Belonging

• You cannot consider the concept of belonging without considering what it means not to belong.

Page 14: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Considering Belonging Further

• What does it mean to belong to a gender, group, place or community?• What does it mean to belong within a relationship?• What is cultural belonging?• What is historical belonging?• How does our concept of belonging change throughout our lives? • Does the concept of belonging mean the same thing to everyone?• What are the links between belonging and identity?• Why do people want to belong?• Why do groups want people to belong?• Does everyone want to belong?• Is belonging always a positive thing?• How do we show that we belong?• What are the consequences of belonging or not belonging?

Page 15: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Section III

• You are required to respond to a question that will require an extended response.

• You will need to refer to the prescribed text and a variety of supplementary texts.

Page 16: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Requirements• This section assesses how well you can:

– respond to a question and compose an extended piece of text for a particular purpose, audience and context

– articulate your interpretation of how the concept of belonging is communicated and shaped in and amongst texts

– communicate your knowledge and understanding of the relationships between language, texts and context

– demonstrate and explain how the concept of belonging is conveyed in your prescribed text and a variety of other texts of your own choosing

Page 17: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Supplementary Texts• Also ‘Related Texts’ or ‘Texts of your own choosing’• You should strive to prepare three supplementary texts for

the Higher School Certificate Examination.• ‘Stronger responses made discerning choices in their related

material by using texts which enabled them to comprehensively engage with the demands of the question. These responses discussed the features of these texts in a skilful manner by concentrating on the qualities unique to their selected medium and integrating these into their discussion of the core text and question requirements.’ (NSW BOS, 2007, p.7)

Page 18: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Template for Analysing Supplementary Texts

Title:Author:Publishing Details:

Textual Form:

Summary of Text:

Link to Belonging:Quotes and Specific References:

Links to Prescribed Text:Quotes and Specific References:

Techniques Used to Convey Ideas about belonging:Quotes and Specific References:

Composer’s Attitude Towards Belonging:Quotes and Specific References:

Page 19: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Developing a Thesis• A thesis or line of argument should reflect your

perspective and understanding of what you have been studying in relation to belonging.

• To develop a thesis, begin by brainstorming your ideas about belonging.

• Bring together the key ideas and express them in one or two concise sentences.

• Your thesis should link closely with your prescribed text and supplementary material.

Page 20: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Examples of Theses• When your cultural identity is marginalised you can feel

dislocated and displaced, and believe that you do not belong to your culture or the dominant culture.

• Our search for who we are is fuelled by a need to find a place in the world where we belong.

• The need to belong to a group or a community shapes our behaviour, attitudes and actions.

• The basic human need to be accepted and belong can cloud our judgments and direct our actions.

• We search for a place to belong, not realising that it is our perceptions and attitudes and not the place that allow us to belong.

Page 21: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Using Your Thesis• The question must drive and shape your response. It should

influence your thesis. • Use your thesis or line of argument to drive and shape the

response rather than the texts. This will improve the level of synthesis in your response.

• You should use the prescribed text and texts of your own choosing to develop, support and even challenge your thesis.

• Don’t resort to using simple, brief links at the beginning or end of a paragraph. Integrate your connections throughout your response.

Page 22: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Tips for Section III• Be prepared to write in a variety of text types, such as:

– a formal essay– an interview transcript– a speech– a personal reflection– a feature article

• Know your texts well. You should have a good working knowledge of your prescribed text and your supplementary texts so that you can respond to a variety of questions on belonging.

• Underline text titles when you use them.

Page 23: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Sample Questions• Claude Levi Strauss once said, “Being human signifies, for each one of us, belonging to a class,

a society, a country, a continent and a civilisation.” Explain this statement with close reference to your prescribed text and a variety of supplementary texts of your own choosing.

• Belonging is not always a good thing. What disadvantages are there for individuals and society in belonging? In your answer refer to your prescribed text and at least two texts of your own choosing.

• ‘The need to belong marks us as human and it is such connections that lead to fulfilment.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your answer refer to your prescribed text and at least two texts of your own choosing.

• ‘The groups to which we belong define who we are.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your answer refer to your prescribed text and at least two texts of your own choosing.

• ‘Belonging doesn’t just happen; it involves many factors and experiences in order to feel that you truly belong.’ To what extent do you agree with this statement? In your answer refer to your prescribed text and at least two texts of your own choosing.

Page 24: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Section I

• You are required to closely explore, deconstruct and identify how the concept of belonging is communicated in each text.

Page 25: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Text Types

• Web Page• Graphic• Comic• Recount• Photograph• Advertisement• Family Tree• Speech• Short Story

• Poem• Song Lyrics• Drama Text• Interview• News Report• Feature Article• Picture Book Extract• Diary Entry

Page 26: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Textual Analysis Framework

• Purpose• Target Audience• Word Choice• Structure• Poetic Techniques/Figurative Language• Style and Tone• Visual Literacy

Page 27: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Analysing Prose Texts• Language: Abstract or concrete? Loaded with emotion or reason?• Do any words have other connotations?• Modality: Is the language forceful (high modality) or tentative (low

modality)?• Punctuation• The use of imagery to evoke meaning• Sound: Have particular vowel or consonant sounds been used to create a

particular effect?

• Figurative language• Emotive Language• Tone• Structure• Person: first person (‘I’, ‘we’), second person (‘you’) or third person (‘he’,

‘she’, ‘they’)?• Register• Repetition• Idioms• Irony

Page 28: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Analysing Visual Texts• What objects are used and how are they presented?• Size• Setting• Colour: Does it suggest a particular meaning?• Lighting• Positioning of objects• Vectors: Are there any directional lines (vectors) in the

picture? These lines help our eyes to establish a reading path.

• Body language• Camera angle• Is the character’s gaze (direction of the eyes) of any

significance?• Symbolism

Page 29: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Understanding Context• Context is the way a text is composed and responded

to within the following frameworks:– Historical– Social– Personal– Cultural– Workplace

• A text’s context may influence the ways in which it represents the concept of belonging.

Page 30: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Analysing Texts – Types of Questions• How does the text represent the concept of belonging?• What type of belonging is represented in the text?• What language features, structures and techniques has the composer

used to communicate the concept of belonging?• Which two texts communicate the concept of belonging most

effectively and why? (When answering questions like this you should also mention any other texts and assess why they are less effective.)

• How do the language modes and features presented in the text further shape your understanding of the concept of belonging?

• Identify connections between the texts.

Remember that ‘how’ implies that you should refer to techniques!

Page 31: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Sample TextsPoem: First lesson

The thing to be remembered about parents is, they’re people.

A child has to keep this in mind.They are dragon-slayers, bent on improbable rescues.Scratch any parent, you findSomeone chalk full of hope and promises, Believing change is a threat –Like your first date, like your first bicycleIt took months to get.

Walk in a strange woods, they warn you about snakes there,

Climb, and they fear you’ll fall.Books, friends, or swimming in deep water –Parents mistrust them all.Elders and the worriers. It is difficult for themTo learn what they must learn;How you have a future to belong to and very likely,For a while, will not live in their past.

Phyllis McGinley

Cartoon: AcceptanceMark Stivers

Image: BelongingSarah Jack

Page 32: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Tips for Section I• Be aware of time• Consider the allocated marks• Read the texts carefully• Look for key words in the questions• Address the questions in your responses (and be careful when

there are multiple parts to a question)• Structure your answers clearly• Take care with your written expression and strive to use

sophisticated language• You should review literary terms and techniques in

preparation for this section

Page 33: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Time Allocation

Marks Suggested Answer Length

1One or two sentencesOne main point supported by a short quote

2A paragraphTwo main points supported by short quotes

3Two to three structured paragraphsThree main points supported by short quotes

4About a page (or approximately four structured paragraphs)Four solid points supported by short quotes

5One and a half to two pagesA well-supported, structured response

All responses should link back to the question and utilise fluent written expression.

Page 34: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Effective Responses

• Closely address the question in a clear opening sentence

• Expand and develop your response (consider the mark value and assume that you will need to provide one key point or argument for each mark)

• For each point or argument, provide a short quote• Link back to the question

Page 35: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Section II

• You are required to demonstrate your understanding of the concept of belonging by composing a piece of text for a particular audience, purpose and context.

Page 36: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Criteria• You will be assessed on your ability to:

– communicate ideas which sustain a focus on belonging– use stylistic devices appropriate to audience, purpose and

context– use a range of language features to influence meaning and

response– demonstrate control of expression and conventions of

form or text type– link directly to the question– produce a personal response

Page 37: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Text Types

• You may be asked to compose:– a narrative, feature article, speech, letter,

interview, journal entry, script, review, monologue or report

– a text based on one of the concepts presented in Section I of the exam

• e.g. you might be asked to use an image or graphic as a stimulus on which to base a composition

Page 38: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Band 6 Compositions• To receive a mark in the top band, you will need to:

– demonstrate an insightful understanding of the concept of belonging

– develop ideas in a sophisticated manner– demonstrate a highly developed ability to use language

features and stylistic devices appropriate to purpose, audience and context which influence meaning and response

– skilfully describe an image or graphic if used as a stimulus

Page 39: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Tips for Section II• Plan• Reject the obvious and avoid clichés• Write in the specified form and be sure of the purpose and audience• Use sophisticated language – you should strive to use a rich vocabulary• Show off – you want to show your expertise• Avoid the offensive• Avoid swearing – it is unsophisticated• Use a variety of language features and structures• Never ‘write down’ to your audience• Make sure an aspect of belonging is clearly delineated in your composition• Avoid writing about violence, abuse or teenage angst – you run the risk of trivialising

them• Write what you know• Write something you would like to read

Page 40: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Preparing

• Go into the examination with some scenarios in mind

• Think about possible characters or concepts relating to belonging

• Practise writing under exam conditions

Page 41: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Remember…

• Do not try to write too much. You have 40 minutes and the key is quality, not quantity.

• Keep plots simple. You do not have time to weave plots involving three or four complex characters and multiple complications.

• To communicate effectively, grammar counts!

Page 42: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Sample Writing Tasks• Write a piece that reflects the concept of belonging for their local

community magazine.• Use one of the following quotations as the focal point for a piece of

creative writing:– ‘Why do I feel so alienated? I want to conform, but…’– ‘Despite where I have been, it is my future that I look forward to, now that I

have found this new land of prosperity.’– ‘As she looked back at the video, she wondered how she had ever been that

person, ever actually done that.’– ‘Every moment we hope to belong but are never sure if we do.’

• You have been asked to speak to the 2010 Year 12 class about the following topic: ‘Belonging is crucial to surviving and thriving in life.’ Write the transcript of your presentation.

Page 43: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Final Advice• Use your teacher as a resource.• Familiarise yourself with the syllabus.• Complete as many practice papers and

questions as possible.• Practise writing in 40 minute intervals.• Keep an eye on the clock in your final

examination.• Make use of helpful websites (such as

the NSW HSC Online website, which can be found at: http://www.hsc.csu.edu.au/english/).

Page 44: Area of Study Belonging. Paper 1: Area of Study Paper 1 comprises 40% of your Higher School Certificate Examination mark Section I (15 marks) – Responding

Any questions?