Area Network User Manual.pdf

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Chapter 1 Introduction 1-1....................................................................................

1.1 Background Information 1-1.........................................................................

1.2 Definition of Multi-Area Networking 1-1........................................................

1.2.1 Basic Model of Multi-Area Networking 1-2...........................................1.2.2 Schemes of Multi-Area Networking 1-2................................................

1.3 Features of Multi-Area Networking 1-3.........................................................

1.3.1 Large Capacity 1-3...............................................................................

1.3.2 Wide Coverage 1-4..............................................................................

1.3.3 Advantages over Traditional 2G Networking 1-4.................................

1.3.4 Limitations of Multi-Area Networking 1-4.............................................

Chapter 2 Networking Principles 2-1...................................................................

2.1 Basic Principles of Multi-Area Networking 2-1..............................................2.2 Principles of Voice Channel Networking 2-2................................................

2.2.1 Multiple MSC Numbers and Single MGW 2-2......................................

2.2.2 Multiple MSC Numbers and Multiple MGWs WithoutIntermediate Bearer 2-3................................................................................

2.2.3 Multiple MSC Numbers and Multiple MGWs with IntermediateBearer 2-4.....................................................................................................

2.3 Principles of Signaling Networking 2-8.........................................................

2.3.1 Classification According to Amounts of MSC Numbers andSignaling Points 2-8......................................................................................

2.3.2 Classification According to Signaling Transmission NetworkBetween MSOFTX3000 and MGW 2-14.........................................................

2.3.3 Classification According to Signaling Networking BetweenMSOFTX3000 and External Network Elements 2-16......................................

Chapter 3 Service Implementation Principles 3-1...............................................

3.1 Principle of Multiple Virtual MSC/VLR Numbers 3-1....................................

3.2 Principle of Multiple Area Code Function 3-2...............................................

3.3 Principle of Roaming Feature 3-4.................................................................

3.3.1 Location Update 3-4.............................................................................

3.3.2 Roaming Types 3-5..............................................................................

3.3.3 Roaming Restriction 3-5.......................................................................

3.4 Principle of Roaming Number Assignment 3-5.............................................

3.5 Principles of Call and Route Selection 3-6...................................................

3.5.1 Call Data Obtaining 3-6........................................................................

3.5.2 Call Routing 3-7...................................................................................

3.6 Principles of Paging Optimization 3-8...........................................................

3.7 Principle of Handover 3-9.............................................................................

3.8 Principles of IN Service 3-9..........................................................................

3.8.1 Destination Network Mode 3-10.............................................................


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3.8.2 Non-Destination Network Mode 3-10.....................................................

3.9 Principle of Lawful Interception Service 3-11.................................................

3.10 Principle of Charging 3-11............................................................................

3.10.1 Principles for the Entry of MSC Numbers on the Caller/Callee

Side in Bills 3-11.............................................................................................3.10.2 Principles for Saving Bill Files in the iGWB 3-13..................................

3.11 Principle of Traffic statistics 3-14..................................................................

3.11.1 Basic Principles 3-14............................................................................

3.11.2 Ways for Obtaining Multi-Area Statistics Index 3-14............................

3.11.3 Traffic statistics Units 3-15...................................................................

Chapter 4 Data Configuration 4-1.........................................................................

4.1 Scheme of Data Configuration 4-1...............................................................

4.2 Planning Data Configuration 4-2..................................................................4.2.1 Deployment Recommendations 4-2.....................................................

4.2.2 Locating Principles of Network Elements 4-2.......................................

4.2.3 Principles of Data Planning 4-2............................................................

4.3 Setting Related Software Parameters 4-5....................................................

4.3.1 Setting Location Update Mode 4-5.......................................................

4.3.2 Setting Duration of Protecting Location Update Data by Timer 4-5.....

4.3.3 Setting Parameter of Optimizing Paging in Entire Multi-areaNetwork 4-5...................................................................................................

4.3.4 Setting Monitoring Parameter in Multi-area Network 4-6.....................4.3.5 Setting Local Number Length 4-6........................................................

4.4 Configuring Basic Information in Local Office 4-7........................................

4.5 Configuring Signaling Data 4-8.....................................................................

4.6 Configuring Bearer Data Between MGWs 4-8..............................................

4.6.1 TDM Bearer Network Between MGWs in Area Network 4-9................

4.6.2 IP Bearer Network Between MGWs in Area Network 4-9....................

4.7 Configuring Service Data 4-9.......................................................................

4.7.1 Configuring LAI and Office Direction Trunk 4-9...................................

4.7.2 Configuring Mobile Service Management 4-10......................................4.7.3 Configuring Service Data Handover 4-10..............................................

4.7.4 Configuring Roaming Number Data 4-12...............................................

4.7.5 Configuring Number Analysis and Route Selection 4-12.......................

4.8 Data Configuration Examples 4-17.................................................................

4.8.1 Implementation 4-17..............................................................................

4.8.2 Script 4-19..............................................................................................

Chapter 5 System Commissioning 5-1................................................................

5.1 Subscriber Location Update 5-1...................................................................5.2 Ordinary Call Flow 5-2..................................................................................


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5.3 IN Related Service 5-2.................................................................................

5.4 Supplementary Service Registration 5-3......................................................

5.5 Forwarding Call Authentication 5-3..............................................................

5.6 Text Message Service 5-4............................................................................

5.7 Handover Process 5-4..................................................................................

5.8 Traffic statistics 5-4.......................................................................................

5.9 Other Services 5-4........................................................................................

Chapter 6 Test Items 6-1.......................................................................................

Chapter 7 Network Upgrade 7-1...........................................................................

7.1 Upgrade Notes 7-1.......................................................................................

7.2 Upgrade Steps 7-2.......................................................................................

7.2.1 Applying for License 7-2.......................................................................7.2.2 Setting Hardware Data 7-3...................................................................

7.2.3 Setting Multi-Area Network Flags 7-3..................................................

7.2.4 Setting Local SP and MSC Number and Loading License 7-3............

7.2.5 Setting Mutual-Assistance Relation 7-4...............................................

7.2.6 Setting MGW Data 7-4.........................................................................

7.2.7 Setting Link Data 7-4............................................................................

7.2.8 Setting SCCP Data 7-4........................................................................

7.2.9 Setting Data for Access Side and Trunk Side 7-5................................

7.2.10 Setting Number Analysis, Trunk Group and Trunk CircuitData 7-6........................................................................................................

7.2.11 Setting Service Data 7-6....................................................................

Chapter 8 Handling of Common Problems 8-1...................................................

8.1 How to Measure Traffic of Local Networks 8-1.............................................

8.2 How to Store Bills of Multi-Area Network 8-1...............................................

8.3 How to Set Routing Data 8-1........................................................................

8.4 How to Set Trunk Group Data in Multi-SP Networking 8-2...........................

8.5 How to Set Interworking Data 8-2.................................................................

8.6 How to Set Source GT Data in SCP Messages 8-3.....................................

8.7 How to Set Number of Local Networks 8-3..................................................

8.8 How to Set Local Number Length 8-3..........................................................

8.9 How to Set Area Code of Local Network 8-4................................................

8.10 How to Set National Toll Prefix and International Toll Prefix 8-4................

8.11 How to Intercept Subscribers of Multi-Area Network 8-4............................

Chapter 9 Acronyms and Abbreviations 9-1.......................................................

Index .................................................................................................................


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Huawei Technologies Proprietary

HUAWEI

HUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center

Multi-Area Network User Manual

V100R003


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HUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center

Multi-Area Network User Manual

Manual Version T2-030106-20060425-C-3.05

Product Version V100R003

BOM 31016106

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. provides customers with comprehensive technical support

and service. Please feel free to contact our local office or company headquarters.

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Address: Administration Building, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.,

Bantian, Longgang District, Shenzhen, P. R. China

Postal Code: 518129

Website: http://www.huawei.com

Email: [email protected]


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Copyright 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

All Rights Reserved

No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

means without prior written consent of Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

Trademarks

, HUAWEI, C&C08, EAST8000, HONET, , ViewPoint, INtess, ETS, DMC,

TELLIN, InfoLink, Netkey, Quidway, SYNLOCK, Radium, M900/M1800,

TELESIGHT, Quidview, Musa, Airbridge, Tellwin, Inmedia, VRP, DOPRA,

iTELLIN, HUAWEI OptiX, C&C08iNET, NETENGINE, OptiX, iSite, U-SYS, iMUSE,

OpenEye, Lansway, SmartAX, infoX, and TopEng are trademarks of Huawei

Technologies Co., Ltd.

All other trademarks and trade names mentioned in this manual are the property of

their respective holders.

Notice

The information in this manual is subject to change without notice. Every effort has

been made in the preparation of this manual to ensure accuracy of the contents,

but all statements, information, and recommendations in this manual do not

constitute the warranty of any kind, express or implied.


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About This Manual

Release Notes

The manual applies to HUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center V100R003.

Organization

This manual describes the principles and data planning of the multi-area feature of

HUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center (hereinafter referred to as

MSOFTX3000).

This manual contains nine chapters.

z Chapter 1 Introduction describes the background information, concepts, and

features of multi-area networking.

z Chapter 2 Networking Principles details the principles of voice channel

networking and signaling networking.

z Chapter 3 Service Implementation Principles explains the implementation

principles of services such as roaming, handover, and charging of multi-area

networks.

z Chapter 4 Data Configuration describes the schemes, principles, and steps of

data configuration for multi-area networks. Examples are provided to explain

special data configuration related to multi-area networks.

z Chapter 5 System Commissioning describes the system commissioning

procedure and expected results of multi-area networks.

z Chapter 6 Test Items lists basic test cases for multi-area networks.

z Chapter 7 Network Upgrade describes data configuration steps and principles

when non-multi-area offices are upgraded to multi-area ones.

z Chapter 8 Handling of Common Problems describes common problems andcorresponding handling methods.

z Chapter 9 Acronyms and Abbreviations lists the full names of the acronyms

and abbreviations used in the manual.

Intended Audience

The manual is intended for the following readers:

z Operation and maintenance engineers

z Marketing technical personnel


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z Engineering technical personnel

Conventions

The manual uses the following conventions:

I. General conventions

Convention Description

Arial Normal paragraphs are in Arial.

Boldface Headings are in Boldface.

Courier New Terminal Display is in Courier New.

II. Command conventions


Boldface The keywords of a command line are in Boldface.

III. GUI conventions


[ ]Parameter names are inside square brackets. For example,[Trunk group number].

IV. Mouse operation

Action Description

Click Press the left button quickly.

Right-click Press the right button quickly.

Double-click Press the left button twice continuously and quickly.

V. Symbols

Eye-catching symbols are also used in the manual to highlight the points worthy of

special attention during the operation. They are defined as follows:

Caution: Means reader be extremely careful during the operation.


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Note: Means a complementary description.


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Multi-Area Network User ManualHUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center Table of Contents


i

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction.................................................................................................................. 1-11.1 Background Information..................................................................................................... 1-11.2 Definition of Multi-Area Networking ................................................................................... 1-1

1.2.1 Basic Model of Multi-Area Networking .................................................................... 1-21.2.2 Schemes of Multi-Area Networking......................................................................... 1-2

1.3 Features of Multi-Area Networking.................................................................................... 1-31.3.1 Large Capacity ........................................................................................................ 1-31.3.2 Wide Coverage........................................................................................................ 1-41.3.3 Advantages over Traditional 2G Networking .......................................................... 1-41.3.4 Limitations of Multi-Area Networking....................................................................... 1-4

Chapter 2 Networking Principles................................................................................................. 2-12.1 Basic Principles of Multi-Area Networking......................................................................... 2-12.2 Principles of Voice Channel Networking............................................................................ 2-2

2.2.1 Multiple MSC Numbers and Single MGW............................................................... 2-22.2.2 Multiple MSC Numbers and Multiple MGWs Without Intermediate Bearer ............ 2-32.2.3 Multiple MSC Numbers and Multiple MGWs with Intermediate Bearer .................. 2-4

2.3 Principles of Signaling Networking .................................................................................... 2-82.3.1 Classification According to Amounts of MSC Numbers and Signaling Points........ 2-82.3.2 Classification According to Signaling Transmission Network Between

MSOFTX3000 and MGW ............................................................................................... 2-142.3.3 Classification According to Signaling Networking Between MSOFTX3000 and

External Network Elements............................................................................................ 2-16Chapter 3 Service Implementation Principles ............................................................................ 3-1

3.1 Principle of Multiple Virtual MSC/VLR Numbers................................................................ 3-13.2 Principle of Multiple Area Code Function .......................................................................... 3-23.3 Principle of Roaming Feature ............................................................................................ 3-4

3.3.1 Location Update...................................................................................................... 3-43.3.2 Roaming Types ....................................................................................................... 3-53.3.3 Roaming Restriction................................................................................................ 3-5

3.4 Principle of Roaming Number Assignment........................................................................ 3-53.5 Principles of Call and Route Selection .............................................................................. 3-6

3.5.1 Call Data Obtaining ................................................................................................. 3-63.5.2 Call Routing............................................................................................................. 3-7

3.6 Principles of Paging Optimization...................................................................................... 3-83.7 Principle of Handover ........................................................................................................ 3-93.8 Principles of IN Service...................................................................................................... 3-9

3.8.1 Destination Network Mode.................................................................................... 3-10


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ii

3.8.2 Non-Destination Network Mode ............................................................................ 3-103.9 Principle of Lawful Interception Service........................................................................... 3-113.10 Principle of Charging ..................................................................................................... 3-11

3.10.1 Principles for the Entry of MSC Numbers on the Caller/Callee Side in Bills....... 3-11

3.10.2 Principles for Saving Bill Files in the iGWB......................................................... 3-133.11 Principle of Traffic statistics ........................................................................................... 3-14

3.11.1 Basic Principles................................................................................................... 3-143.11.2 Ways for Obtaining Multi-Area Statistics Index................................................... 3-143.11.3 Traffic statistics Units .......................................................................................... 3-15

Chapter 4 Data Configuration ...................................................................................................... 4-14.1 Scheme of Data Configuration........................................................................................... 4-14.2 Planning Data Configuration.............................................................................................. 4-2

4.2.1 Deployment Recommendations.............................................................................. 4-24.2.2 Locating Principles of Network Elements................................................................ 4-24.2.3 Principles of Data Planning .....................................................................................4-2

4.3 Setting Related Software Parameters ............................................................................... 4-54.3.1 Setting Location Update Mode................................................................................ 4-54.3.2 Setting Duration of Protecting Location Update Data by Timer .............................. 4-54.3.3 Setting Parameter of Optimizing Paging in Entire Multi-area Network ................... 4-54.3.4 Setting Monitoring Parameter in Multi-area Network.............................................. 4-64.3.5 Setting Local Number Length.................................................................................. 4-6

4.4 Configuring Basic Information in Local Office.................................................................... 4-74.5 Configuring Signaling Data................................................................................................ 4-84.6 Configuring Bearer Data Between MGWs......................................................................... 4-8

4.6.1 TDM Bearer Network Between MGWs in Area Network......................................... 4-94.6.2 IP Bearer Network Between MGWs in Area Network............................................. 4-9

4.7 Configuring Service Data................................................................................................... 4-94.7.1 Configuring LAI and Office Direction Trunk ............................................................ 4-94.7.2 Configuring Mobile Service Management ............................................................. 4-104.7.3 Configuring Service Data Handover...................................................................... 4-104.7.4 Configuring Roaming Number Data...................................................................... 4-124.7.5 Configuring Number Analysis and Route Selection.............................................. 4-12

4.8 Data Configuration Examples.......................................................................................... 4-174.8.1 Implementation...................................................................................................... 4-174.8.2 Script ..................................................................................................................... 4-19

Chapter 5 System Commissioning.............................................................................................. 5-15.1 Subscriber Location Update .............................................................................................. 5-15.2 Ordinary Call Flow ............................................................................................................. 5-25.3 IN Related Service............................................................................................................. 5-25.4 Supplementary Service Registration ................................................................................. 5-35.5 Forwarding Call Authentication.......................................................................................... 5-35.6 Text Message Service ....................................................................................................... 5-4


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iii

5.7 Handover Process ............................................................................................................. 5-45.8 Traffic statistics .................................................................................................................. 5-45.9 Other Services ................................................................................................................... 5-4

Chapter 6 Test Items ..................................................................................................................... 6-1Chapter 7 Network Upgrade......................................................................................................... 7-1

7.1 Upgrade Notes................................................................................................................... 7-17.2 Upgrade Steps................................................................................................................... 7-2

7.2.1 Applying for License................................................................................................ 7-27.2.2 Setting Hardware Data............................................................................................ 7-37.2.3 Setting Multi-Area Network Flags............................................................................ 7-37.2.4 Setting Local SP and MSC Number and Loading License ..................................... 7-37.2.5 Setting Mutual-Assistance Relation ........................................................................ 7-47.2.6 Setting MGW Data .................................................................................................. 7-47.2.7 Setting Link Data..................................................................................................... 7-47.2.8 Setting SCCP Data ................................................................................................. 7-47.2.9 Setting Data for Access Side and Trunk Side......................................................... 7-57.2.10 Setting Number Analysis, Trunk Group and Trunk Circuit Data ........................... 7-67.2.11 Setting Service Data ............................................................................................. 7-6

Chapter 8 Handling of Common Problems................................................................................. 8-18.1 How to Measure Traffic of Local Networks........................................................................ 8-18.2 How to Store Bills of Multi-Area Network........................................................................... 8-18.3 How to Set Routing Data ................................................................................................... 8-18.4 How to Set Trunk Group Data in Multi-SP Networking...................................................... 8-28.5 How to Set Interworking Data............................................................................................8-28.6 How to Set Source GT Data in SCP Messages ................................................................ 8-38.7 How to Set Number of Local Networks.............................................................................. 8-38.8 How to Set Local Number Length...................................................................................... 8-38.9 How to Set Area Code of Local Network........................................................................... 8-48.10 How to Set National Toll Prefix and International Toll Prefix........................................... 8-48.11 How to Intercept Subscribers of Multi-Area Network....................................................... 8-4

Chapter 9 Acronyms and Abbreviations..................................................................................... 9-1Index ................................................................................................................................................ i-1


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Multi-Area Network User ManualHUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center Chapter 1 Introduction


1-1

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background Information

In a non-multi-area network, traditional 2G equipment has the following defects:

I. For Areas with High Subscriber Density

When traditional 2G equipment is used to form a network in areas with high subscriber

density, it has the following defects on the core network (CN) side:

z Too many offices, each with small capacity

z Complicated network structure and waste of resourcesz It is difficult to offer new services. To provide a new service, multiple entities need

to be upgraded at the same time. This is difficult and risky.

II. For Areas with Lower Subscriber Density

When traditional 2G equipment is used to form a network in areas with lower subscriber

density, it has the following defects on the CN side:

z Several local networks share the same MSC. This causes serious alternate

routing.

z Equipment integrates both the bearer and control functions cannot achieve large

capacity, wide coverage, and fine routing at the same time. To meet the

requirement of wide coverage, a network must have a great deal of alternate

routing. To avoid alternate routing, a network must have many small-capacity

offices.

z The utilization rate of equipment and staff is low. It is difficult to develop new

services.

To overcome the above defects, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to

as Huawei) provides a multi-area (MA) networking scheme that separates the bearer

from the control.

1.2 Definition of Multi-Area Networking

The MA networking means that an MSOFTX3000 controls multiple local networks with

the bearer separated from the control. The MSOFTX3000 controls all services in the

MA network. Wireless network equipment of each local network is connected with a

media gateway (MGW) dedicated to the area. Each local network interworks with

entities of other local networks through an MGW.

A local network refers to an area controlled by a virtual MSC server in an MA network.


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1-2

1.2.1 Basic Model of Multi-Area Networking

Figure 1-1 shows a basic model of the MA networking:

PSTN

BSC

RNC

MGW1 MGW2

PSTN

BSC

RNC

MSOFTX3000

Virtual MSC1/VLR1

DPC1

Virtual MSC2/VLR2

DPC2

TMSC1 TMSC2

Voice channel

Signaling

RNC: Radio Network Controller TMSC: Tandem MSCBSC: Base Station Controller MGW: Media GatewayPSTN: Public Switched Telephone Network

Figure 1-1 Basic model of the MA networking

As shown in Figure 1-1, the MSOFTX3000 is placed in one area, and MGWs are

distributed to different areas in an MA network. The PSTN network of each area

accesses the MA network through a local MGW. Whether MGWs of two local networks

are directly connected or not does not matter. The calls between mobile subscribers of

two local networks are regarded as intra-office or inter-office. The handover of them is

also regarded as intra-office or inter-office.

Note:In MA networking, you can use disaster tolerance measures such as dual homingbackup and Mini-Flex to ensure the network security.

1.2.2 Schemes of Multi-Area Networking

There are two schemes of MA networking. They are designed for areas with high and

lower subscriber density respectively, as shown in Table 1-1.


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1-3

Table 1-1 Schemes of MA networking

Item Multi-area networkingscheme for area with highsubscriber density

Multi-area networking schemefor area with lower subscriber

densitySuitablesubscriberdensity anddistribution

High subscriber density andnarrow coverage Lower subscriber density andwide coverage

Networking mode Large capacity and lessoffices Centralized control and nearbyaccess

NE deployment

z Use R99 structure inwhich the MSOFTX3000and the MGW arecombined.

z Use PreR4 structure inwhich the MSOFTX3000and the MGW arelocated in differentareas.

The MSOFTX3000 is located inthe center of different areas. One

or more MGWs are placed ineach local PSTN network.

Advantagez It makes the network

topology simple.

z It improves the quality ofthe network.

z New services can be

developed quickly.

z Large capacity, widecoverage, and fine routing areachieved at the same time.

z The number ofMSOFTX3000s is minimized.New services can be carriedout quickly and easily.

z

The cost of networkconstruction is low. Widecoverage is achieved in aneconomical way.

Note:

NE = Network Entity

1.3 Features of Multi-Area Networking

1.3.1 Large Capacity

For 10% areas that have a high subscriber density, capacity is the key factor for the

construction of networks.

Compared with the MSC in a 2G network, the MSOFTX3000 has larger capacity. It

enables a simple network topology with large capacity and less offices. It overcomes

the capacity barrier in areas that has a high subscriber density.


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1-4

1.3.2 Wide Coverage

For 90% areas that have a lower subscriber density, to achieve wide coverage

economically is the major goal for the construction of networks.

Huawei offers a solution that separates the bearer from the control. In this solution, the

MSOFTX3000 and the MGW (that is, the UMG8900) carries out the functions of control

and bearer respectively.

In the actual networking, the policy of centralized control and nearby access is used to

construct an MA network. This achieves large capacity, wide coverage, and fine routing

at the same time.

1.3.3 Advantages over Traditional 2G Networking

Compared with traditional 2G networking, MA networking has the following

advantages:

z The network topology is simple. This makes routing arrangement and optimization

easy.

z The number of MSOFTX3000s is small. This helps you to develop new services.

z The nearby access feature avoids alternate routing.

z Functions of the MSOFTX3000 are centralized. This makes the network

management and maintenance easy and efficient, and helps to improve the

quality of operation, administration and maintenance (OAM).

z The network structure is based on the next generation network (NGN). This

enables seamless network expansion.

1.3.4 Limitations of Multi-Area Networking

I. Limitations of System Capacity

In MA networking, the capacity of the MSOFTX3000 is as follows:

z When the MSOFTX3000 acts as a visited MSC (VMSC) server, it can support

2,700K BHCA, or 1.8 million subscribers at most.

z When the MSOFTX3000 acts as a gateway MSC (GMSC) server, it can support

7,200K BHCA at most.

z When the MSOFTX3000 acts as a TMSC server, it can support 9,000K BHCA at

most.

Note:BHCA refers to Busy Hour Call Attempt.


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1-5

II. Limitation of the Number of Local Networks

An MA network can support 16 local networks at most.

To avoid complicated data configuration, you are recommended to attach no more than

three local networks to one MSOFTX3000.

III. Limitation of the Capacity of Data Tables

Note:z When you plan MA networking, note the limitation of the capacity of data tables

related to the number analysis, office directions, trunks, and routes.

z In the actual application, you may need to expand the call source table, LAI

information table, dialing check table, and called number special processing table.Modifying data tables may greatly affect the system. Before you modify a data table,

contact a technical support engineer of Huawei.

Table 1-2 shows the capacity of data tables.

Table 1-2 Capacity of data tables related to MA networking

Name of data table Table ID Default maximum numberof tuples

Local office table TID51 16Mobile local office table TID52 16LAI information table TID54 1,024Called number analysistable

TID105 30,000Caller number analysis table TID119 4,096Calling line identificationpresentation processing

table

TID126 1,024Incoming numberpre-processing table

TID134 1,024Outgoing numberpre-processing table

TID137 1,024Office direction table TID300 2,048Route table TID301 2,000Route analysis table TID302 512Trunk SS7 data table TID305 4,000


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1-6

Name of data table Table ID Default maximum numberof tuples

Trunk group and sub-route

table

TID306 20,000Trunk group table TID307 4,000Sub-route table TID310 2,000SCCP DPC table TID366 512SCCP sub-system table TID367 1,024SCCP global title table TID368 4,096BSC table TID801 64RNC table TID807 64Call source table TID116 255Dialing check table TID819 512

Called number specialprocessing table TID106 1,024Note:

LAI = Location Area Identification; SS7 = Signaling System Number 7; SCCP =Signaling Connection Control Part; DPC = Destination Point Code

IV. Limitation of the Number of Trunk Circuits

In MA networking, the number of trunk circuits configured in an MSOFTX300 is as

follows:

z For SS7 trunk circuits, the MSOFTX3000 can support 200 thousand circuit

identification codes (CICs) at most. This is equal to 6,250 E1s.

z For A interface circuits, the MSOFTX3000 can support 288 thousand CICs (36 x 8

thousand) at most. This is equal to 10 thousand E1s considering redundancy.

z For Bearer Independent Call Control Protocol (BICC) trunk circuits, the

MSOFTX3000 can support 360 thousand CICs at most.

When planning an MA network, estimate the number of CICs required by trunk circuits,

A interface circuits, or BICC signaling in each local network. Make sure that the number

of CICs does not exceed the limit.


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Multi-Area Network User ManualHUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center Chapter 2 Networking Principles


2-1

Chapter 2 Networking Principles

2.1 Basic Principles of Multi-Area Networking

Figure 2-1 shows a typical model of the MA networking.

MGW1

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

MGW3

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

MGW2

Figure 2-1 Typical model of the MA networking

Basic principles of MA networking are as follows:

z With multiple MSC numbers, several logical entities map to the same physical

entity. For external physical entities, the MSOFTX3000 provides several MSC

servers.

z Multiple MSC/VLR (visitor location register) numbers are used. One or more

signaling points are used at the same time.

z Roaming numbers are assigned according to virtual MSC numbers. An MA

network is divided according to virtual MSC numbers only. If the LAI of each local

network is assigned separately and an LAI is used by one MSC only, you can

assign roaming numbers according to LAIs.

z For external physical entities, virtual MSC servers of an MA network can be

regarded as real MSC servers. Therefore, you can enable all functions of the

system without changing NEs or the network structure.

Note:External NEs often do not use LAIs to assign roaming numbers. In this case, do not

assign roaming numbers according to LAIs.


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2-2

2.2 Principles of Voice Channel Networking

2.2.1 Multiple MSC Numbers and Single MGW

Figure 2-2 shows a model of the MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, one MGW,

and multiple MSC numbers.

MGW

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

BSC1:

MSC1/VLR1/LAI1

BSC2:

MSC2/VLR2/LAI2

Figure 2-2 MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, one MGW, and multiple MSC

numbers

The principles of the networking mode are shown in Table 2-1.

Table 2-1 Principles of MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, one MGW, and

multiple MSC numbers

Item Principle

Suitable

situation

The networking mode is suitable for the following networkreconstruction cases:

z In a traditional network, several areas share one set ofequipment. In this case, you do not need to change the network

topology. You can set up multiple MSC servers logically toidentify different areas.

z The networking mode enables you to distinguish betweendifferent areas when charging the fees and measuring thetraffic.

MSC number You can set multiple virtual MSC numbers to identify differentareas. For external NEs, virtual MSC servers of an MA network areregarded as real MSC servers.

Call processingand bearercontrol

Services of different areas are processed by one MGW. Withoutgoing through a toll office, the calls between different areas areconnected through one MGW.

Billing Bills are sorted according to different MSC numbers.


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2-3

Item PrincipleTrafficstatistics

Different MSC numbers map to different multi-area statisticsindexes. This is used to distinguish between the traffic of different

areas.

2.2.2 Multiple MSC Numbers and Multiple MGWs Without Intermediate

Bearer

Figure 2-3 shows a model of the MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, multiple MSC

numbers, and multiple MGWs. There is no intermediate bearer between MGWs.

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

MGW1 MGW2

Figure 2-3 MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, multiple MSC numbers, multiple

MGWs, and no intermediate bearer


Table 2-2 Principles of MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, multiple MSC numbers,

and multiple MGWs

Item Principle

Suitablesituation

The networking mode is designed for the initial stage of MAnetwork construction, and is suitable for the following networkreconstruction cases:

z Existing switches are placed in different areas. This helpsnetwork operators to make full use of their existing networks.

z In the reconstructed network structure, one MSOFTX3000controls multiple MGWs. One or more MGWs belong to onearea. That is, each MGW belongs to a logical MSC server.

MSC number You can set multiple virtual MSC numbers to identify differentareas. For external NEs, the virtual MSC servers are equal to realMSC servers because the call models do not change.


z There is no intermediate bearer between MGWs.

z The network structures of different areas do not change. Thecalls between local networks are transferred by TMSCs. The

handover between them is regarded as inter-office.


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2-4

Item PrincipleBilling Bills are sorted according to different MSC numbers.Trafficstatistics

Different MSC numbers map to different multi-area statistics

indexes. This is used to distinguish between the traffic of differentareas.

2.2.3 Multiple MSC Numbers and Multiple MGWs with Intermediate Bearer


numbers, and multiple MGWs. There are intermediate bearers between the MGWs.

MGW1

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

MGW2

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

Figure 2-4 MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, multiple MSC numbers, multiple

MGWs, and intermediate bearers


Table 2-3 Principles of MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, multiple MSC numbers,

and multiple MGWs

Item Principle

Suitablesituation

The networking mode is designed for the later stage of MA networkconstruction. It is preferred if network operators want to transitfrom the current networks to future ones.

Bearers used between MGWs of different local networks are asfollows:

z TDM

z IP

z Other bearersMSC number You can set multiple virtual MSC numbers to identify differentareas. For external NEs, the virtual MSC servers are equal to real

MSC servers.


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2-5

Item Principle


There are two cases according to different bearer modes:

z When IP bearers are used between MGWs, a mesh network is

set up. There is no special requirement on network topology.z When TDM bearers are used between MGWs, mesh

connections can be set up if there are no more than three cities.If there are more than three cities, you are recommended toconnect local networks with a virtual hub city to form a starnetwork so that the network topology is simplified. Otherwise,the network topology is complicated, and makes maintenancedifficult.

Billing Bills are sorted according to different MSC numbers.Trafficstatistics

Different MSC numbers map to different multi-area statisticsindexes. This is used to distinguish between the traffic of differentareas.

The following are two typical kinds of bearers between local networks of MA

networking:

z IP bearer

z TDM bearer

Note:To make subsequent network optimization and expansion easy, you are recommended

to use IP bearers between MGWs.

I. IP Bearer


numbers, and multiple MGWs. There are IP bearers between local networks.


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2-6

MGW1

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

MGW3

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

MGW2

IP Backbone

Local

PLMN1Local

PLMN2

Local

PLMN3

Figure 2-5 MA networking with IP bearers between local networks

As shown in the above figure, MGWs of local networks are connected through an IP

backbone network. In this bearer mode, the switching layer forms a plane.

Table 2-4 shows advantages and disadvantage of the IP bearer mode.

Table 2-4Advantages and disadvantages of the IP bearer mode

Item Description

Advantagez Local networks share the bandwidth of the IP backbone

network.

z The calls and routing between local networks are optimized.

z The speed of network construction is high.

z The network structure is based on NGN. This enablesseamless network expansion.

Disadvantage You may need to build a new IP backbone network before settingup an MA network. This affects the network structure.

II. TDM Bearer

When an MA network contains one MSOFTX3000, multiple MSC numbers, multiple

MGWs, and TDM bears between MGWs, the network topology of local networks falls

into two modes:

z Mesh topology


numbers, and multiple MGWs. TDM bearers are set up between MGWs, forming a

mesh topology.


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2-7

MGW1

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

MGW2

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

Virtual MSC3/

VLR3

DPC3

MGW3

Figure 2-6 MA networking with TDM bearers between local networks (mesh topology)

z Star topology


numbers, and multiple MGWs. TDM bearers are set up between MGWs, forming a star

topology.

MGW1

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

MGW2

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

Virtual MSC3/

VLR3

DPC3

MGW3

Figure 2-7 MA networking with TDM bearers between local networks (star topology)

In this mode, all calls of local networks are transferred to the MSOFTX3000 through

MGW3, where the hub city mapping to MSC3 is located.

Table 2-5 shows advantages and disadvantages of the TDM bearer mode.


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2-8

Table 2-5Advantages and disadvantages of the TDM bearer mode

Item Description

Advantagez You can make full use of existing TDM transmission equipment

and resources. You do not need to set up a new bearernetwork. This makes the existing network construction andmaintenance easy.

z You can set up an MA network quickly. No IP backbonenetwork is needed.

Disadvantagez In a network with the earlier mentioned mesh topology, some

voice channels are wasted.

z In a network with the earlier mentioned star topology, transitrouting through a hub city wastes resources. This impairsadvantages of the MA network.

2.3 Principles of Signaling Networking

Table 2-6 shows the classification of signaling networking.

Table 2-6 Classification of signaling networking

Classification rule SubcategoryMultiple MSC numbers and single SPClassification according to amounts

of MSC numbers and signaling points(SPs) Multiple MSC numbers and multiple SPs

IP signaling transmission network betweenMSOFTX3000 and MGWClassification according to signaling

transmission network betweenMSOFTX3000 and MGW TDM signaling transmission network

between MSOFTX3000 and MGWSignaling networking betweenMSOFTX3000 and other core NEsSignaling networking betweenMSOFTX3000 and local BSC

Classification according to signalingnetworking between MSOFTX3000and external NEs

Signaling networking betweenMSOFTX3000 and local RNC

2.3.1 Classification According to Amounts of MSC Numbers and Signaling

Points

According to the amounts of MSC numbers and signaling points (SPs), signaling

networking falls into the following two modes:

z Multiple MSC numbers and single SP

z Multiple MSC numbers and multiple SPs

Table 2-7 shows the comparison of the two modes.


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2-9

Table 2-7 Comparison of the two signaling networking modes

Item Multiple MSC numbers andsingle SP Multiple MSC numbers andmultiple SPs

Rules forassigningMSCnumbersand SPs

Multiple virtual MSC/VLRnumbers are configured. Thesame physical entity maps tomultiple logical entities. Forexternal NEs, the logical MSCservers are equal to real MSCservers, but with only oneoriginating signaling point code(OPC).

Note:The MSOFTX3000 isconfigured with only one SP. A

unique MSC number isassigned to each local network.

Multiple virtual MSC/VLR numbersare configured. The same physicalentity maps to multiple logicalentities. For external NEs, thelogical MSC servers are equal toreal MSC servers, and withmultiple OPCs.

Note:This mode requires theMSOFTX3000 to support thefunctions of multi-SP and roamingnumber assignment according toMSC numbers.

Effect ondataconfiguration

z Only one record isconfigured for both themobile local office table andthe local office table.

z Mainly set parameters suchas National prefix andInternational numberprefix for the mobile localoffice table.

z Each multi-area statistics

index in the multi-areastatistics index table maps toan MSC number.

z Multiple records of SCCP GT(global title) data for multipleMSC numbers map to thelocal office.

Note:The record in the mobile localoffice table and the local officetable includes the virtual MSCserver directly connected withthe signaling transfer point

(STP).

z You need to set multiplerecords for both the mobilelocal office table and local

office table. The records mapto MSC numbers in themulti-area statistics indextable.

z SCCP GT data of each MSCnumber maps to a virtual MSCserver SPs.

Effect onbilling

z For local networks, bills aresorted and traffic ismeasured according tovirtual MSC numbers.

z For external NEs, the virtualMSC servers are equal toreal MSC servers. Allexisting system functionscan be carried out withoutchanging external NEs.

z For local networks, bills aresorted and traffic is measuredaccording to virtual MSCnumbers.

z For external NEs, the virtualMSC servers are equal to realMSC servers. All existingsystem functions can becarried out without changingexternal NEs.


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2-10

Item Multiple MSC numbers andsingle SP Multiple MSC numbers andmultiple SPs

Effect on

resourcesutilizationThe mode needs to use multiple

MSC/VLR numbers.The mode needs to use multiple

MSC/VLR numbers and multipleSPs at the same time.

Effect onother NEs

z For external NEs, the modehas only one SP. Therefore,there is only one lower layerMTP link. In data link layer,signaling of different MSCservers is sent to the peerNE through the same SP.

z For the SCCP layer, callerGTs of outgoing CAP and

MAP contain MSC numbersto which the virtual MSCservers map.

z For external NEs, differentMSCs have different SPs.Therefore, lower layer MTPlinks go through the same SPthat is assisted by other SPs.Or each SP has its own link todirectly interconnect with thepeer NE. For details, see thedescription of signaling routefollowed.

z For the SCCP layer, caller GTsof outgoing CAP and MAPcontain MSC numbers andOPCs to which the virtual MSCservers map.

Effect onnetworkupgrade

z The single SP setting cannotfully interwork with externalNEs and provide the functionof multiple real MSC servers.

z If you want to expand thecapacity of equipment or putit in other places duringnetwork upgrade or whensubscriber numberincreases, modify the data ofexternal NEs and the settingand connections of theMSOFTX3000.

z Multiple virtual MSC serversfully interwork with externalNEs and provide the function ofmultiple real MSC servers.

z If you want to expand thecapacity of equipment or put itin other places during networkupgrade or when subscriber

number increases, you onlyneed to modify the setting andconnections of theMSOFTX3000. There is noneed to modify data of externalNEs.

Comparison

The networking mode is notrecommended.

Note:Because the networking modeuses only one SP, you need tomodify the setting of some

external NEs. The networkingmode is not recommendedbecause it limits networkupgrade or expansion in thefuture. If you want to use thenetworking mode, contactHuawei.

You are recommended to use thisnetworking mode.


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2-11

Note:Multiple SPs here means that each local network has a 24-digit national active SP and

one or more 14-digit national standby SPs.

z In general, only one 14-digit national standby SP is configured.

z If the SPs of different BSCs are the same, local networks use different 14-digit

national standby SPs to connect the BSCs so that you can keep the data

configuration of the BSCs unchanged.

I. Multiple MSC Numbers and Single SP

Figure 2-8 shows a typical model of the networking mode.

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

MSOFTX3000

DPC1

MGW1 MGW2

Figure 2-8 Networking model with multiple MSC numbers and single SP

II. Multiple MSC Numbers and Multiple SPs

Figure 2-9 shows a typical model of the networking mode.

Virtual MSC2/

VLR2

DPC2

Virtual MSC1/

VLR1

DPC1

MSOFTX3000

MGW1 MGW2

Figure 2-9 Multiple MSC numbers and multiple SPs

In the actual networking, signaling routing is in two modes: assistant and direct

connection.


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2-12

z Assistant mode

Caution:

This mode cannot be used when the number of local networks is greater than three,

because the assistance capability of SPs is limited and the mode requires to change

signaling routing structure of the external network. This mode is not recommended in

the actual networking.

When the assistant mode is used, the MSOFTX3000 provides only one SP to directly

interconnect with the STP. Other SPs connect with the STP through the SP. They use

GT direct connection mode to connect with the remote home location register (HLR)

without being transferred by STPs.

GT routing data of other SPs of the MA network must be modified. Otherwise, straight

routes from other SPs to the HLR are created. If the signaling from the HLR back to the

MSOFTX3000 is transferred by an low level STP (LSTP), external signaling routing

structure is affected.

z Direct connection mode

Figure 2-10 shows a typical model of the direct connection mode.


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2-13

MGW1 MGW3

MSOFTX3000

MGW2

Area A (MSC1/VLR1/LAI1)

SPC: 06FE1E

MSC number: 8613710001Area B (MSC2/VLR2/LAI2)

SPC: 06FE1C

MSC number: 8613710002

Area C (MSC3/VLR3/LAI3)

SPC: 06FE1D


Narrowband signalingH.248 signaling

Voice channel

T1/T2 T1/T2

L1/L2H1/H2

BSS11

BSS12BSS21 BSS22

BSS3

HLR2 HLR3HLR1 SCP

H1/H2: high-level signaling transfer point(HSTP) L1/L1: Low-level signaling transfer point (LSTP)BSS: Base Station Subsystem

Figure 2-10 Typical networking model of direct connection mode

As shown in the preceding figure, the MSOFTX3000 provides three virtual SPs A, B,

and C to interconnect with H1/H2 and L1/L1. In this process, link sets and SS7 links are

set up. The three virtual SPs of the MSOFTX3000 do not work in the assistant mode. InHLR addressing, the signaling point code (SPC) and MSC numbers that the local

networks belong to are used for local networks to interconnect with the HLRs to which

the local networks are homed.

In this mode, direct links are configured between multiple SPs and local HLRs. The

DPC addressing mode and transfer through MTP layer are selected when the GT data

of the SCCP layer is configured. The local office chooses different link sets for different

OPCs so that direct links can be used for local HLRs and links through STP are used for

remote HLRs.


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2-14

The direct connection mode requires the STP to support SP transfer at the MTP layer.

This is different from GT transfer at the SCCP layer. The routing is the same as that of

the existing network.

The only change you need to make in this mode is to configure data such as DSP and

SSN at the SCCP layer on the HLR side. The data maps to multiple SPs of the local

office.

Note:The direct connection mode is compatible with the structure of existing signaling

network. Its routing is the same as that of the existing network. Therefore, you do not

need to change the routing structure of the existing network. The direct connection

mode has little impact on the existing network and you are recommended to use it.

2.3.2 Classification According to Signaling Transmission Network Between

MSOFTX3000 and MGW

There are two kinds of signaling transmission networks between the MSOFTX3000

and the MGW:

z IP signaling transmission network

z TDM signaling transmission network

I. IP Signaling Transmission Network Between MSOFTX3000 and MGW

When an IP signaling transmission network is used between the MSOFTX3000 and the

MGW, all signaling except broadband BICC and the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is

sent from the MGW to the MSOFTX3000 through M2UA or M3UA agent.

The networking mode used depends on whether both the feature of MA and the feature

of dual-homing are used in a network:

z If only the MA feature is used, you can connect some pure signaling NEs with the

MSOFTX3000 directly or through STPs. This avoids the risks brought by signalinggateway (SG) transfer.

z If both features are used, narrowband signaling cannot be switched over. You

need to use the MGW to transfer all signaling. When pure signaling NEs can also

transfer broadband signaling, you are recommended to use M3UA to connect

these NEs with the MSOFTX3000.

In all signaling transferred by the MGW, the BSC uses M2UA agent, the RNC and

SS7 trunks use M3UA agent, and the agent of the PRA signaling is IUA. The R2

signaling is processed by H.248 of the Mc interface. Signaling of the Mc interface

is borne over SCTP links directly. Other pure signaling NEs use M2UA or M3UA

agent.


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2-15

The IP signaling network with the MGW transferring signaling provides enough

bandwidth, and makes future network expansion and upgrade easy. Network operators

are recommended to use the IP signaling networking with a dedicated signaling bearer

network. This helps network operators to directly transit to 3G networks in the future.

Note:If signaling is transferred by M3UA agent, you need to assign signaling point codes

(SPCs) to the MGWs.

II. TDM Signaling Transmission Network Between MSOFTX3000 and MGW

Caution:

This mode is not recommended in the actual networking.

In this mode, the existing TDM signaling transmission network is used to transmit

signaling between the MSOFTX3000 and the MGW.

Signaling of pure signaling NEs such as the short message service (SMS) center, HLR,

service control point (SCP), and STP is sent to the MSOFTX3000 through STPs. The

nearby access policy is used for networking to save transmission resources.

For non-pure signaling NEs such as the BSC, RNC, SS7 trunks, R2 trunks, PRA trunks,

and NEs using the Mc interface signaling, signaling is transferred by the MGW:

z SS7 is transmitted through the use of TDM semi-permanent connections.

z The RNC uses ATM 2M bearers to transmit MTP3B signaling.

z The H.248 signaling of the Mc interface is transmitted by dedicated routes in the

TDM mode or by MTP3B signaling over ATM 2M.

z R2 signaling is processed by the H.248 signaling of the Mc interface.

z The PRA signaling uses IUA agents. It is transmitted by dedicated routes in the

TDM mode.

This signaling transmission mode is often used in a 2G MA network without a separate

signaling bearer network. Existing signaling transmission resources are used to set up

a signaling network.


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2.3.3 Classification According to Signaling Networking Between

MSOFTX3000 and External Network Elements

I. Signaling Networking Between MSOFTX3000 and Other Core Network

Elements

HLR, STP, and equipment such as MSC and SCP that are transferred by STPs are

connected only with the MSOFTX3000. In general, they are in the same office as the

MSOFTX3000. The traditional TDM mode is often used in existing networks. In the

case of broadband signaling, you are recommended to use M2UA or M3UA so that

broadband signaling can be transferred by the MGW. This makes future service

development easy.

When both the feature of MA and the feature of dual-homing are used in a network,

external NEs must be connected through broadband signaling.

II. Signaling Networking Between MSOFTX3000 and Local BSC

The BSC is connected with a local MGW through E1 lines. The signaling is converted

into M2UA by the MGW/SG for interconnecting with the MSOFTX3000.

III. Signaling Networking Between MSOFTX3000 and Local RNC

The RNC is connected with the local MGW through ATM. The signaling is converted

into M3UA by the MGW/SG for interconnecting with the MSOFTX3000.


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Multi-Area Network User ManualHUAWEI MSOFTX3000 Mobile SoftSwitch Center Chapter 3 Service Implementation Principles


3-1

Chapter 3 Service Implementation Principles

3.1 Principle of Multiple Virtual MSC/VLR Numbers

Figure 3-1 shows a model of the MA networking with one MSOFTX3000, multiple SPs,

and multiple MSC numbers.

MGW1 MGW3

MSOFTX3000

MGW2

Area A (MSC1/VLR1/LAI1)

SPC: 06FE1E


Area B (MSC2/VLR2/LAI2)

SPC: 06FE1C


Area C (MSC3/VLR3/LAI3)

SPC: 06FE1D


Narrowband signaling

H.248 signalingVoice channel

T1/T2 T1/T2

L1/L2H1/H2

BSS11

BSS12BSS21 BSS22

BSS3

HLR2 HLR3HLR1 SCP

Figure 3-1 MA networking with multiple MSC numbers and multiple SPs

As shown in the preceding figure, each local network has its own MSC number and

VLR number. In this way, the effect of the networking model on other NEs is minimized.

The above networking mode makes it easy for you to collect billing and performance

data and manage the operation of local networks.

Figure 3-2 shows the logic principle for carrying out MA networking with multiple MSC

numbers and multiple SPs.


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3-2

MSC Server-15

MSC Server-2

MSC Server-1

Signaling

subsystem

Trunk subsystem

Service subsystem

Gateway

subsystem

MSC Server-0...

MSOFTX3000

MSC0/DPC0 MSC1/DPC1 MSC2/DPC2 MSC15/DPC15

Figure 3-2 Logic principle for carrying out MA networking with multiple MSC numbers

and multiple SPs

3.2 Principle of Multiple Area Code Function

Figure 3-3 shows the principle for carrying out the multiple area code function in the MA

networking.


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3-3

MGW1 MGW2

MSOFTX3000

TMSC

BSS1 GW1 BSS2GW2

Area code: 0414-

xxxxxxxArea code: 0415-

xxxxxxx

Figure 3-3 Principle for carrying out the multiple area code function in MA networking

Different call sources are configured according to the location areas (LAs) of the callers,

or incoming trunk office directions. Different area codes of call sources are configured

as caller area codes. Different number analysis modes are configured for different call

sources to support multiple area codes.

An MA network supports the multiple area code function because:

z In the routing analysis of calls, the multiple area code function makes it easy for

you to configure routes between local networks.

z The dialing habit of subscribers requires local networks to have different area

codes. Thus, subscribers can use different ways to dial numbers. For example,

when calling a mobile subscriber, a local fixed-line subscriber does not need to

dial the area code, and a remote fixed-line subscriber needs to dial the area code.

z If different local networks have different area codes, you can check the data of

local network traffic statistics more conveniently.

z An MA network supports the routing according to caller numbers. This prevents

number segments of fixed network from overlapping in the case of different area

codes.


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3-4

3.3 Principle of Roaming Feature

The roaming feature includes location update, roaming types, and roaming restriction.

3.3.1 Location Update

When a mobile subscriber roams from one local network to another in an MA network, a

location update happens. After the location update, the data such as the MSC number,

VLR number, and subscriber location changes. The MSOFTX3000 can set the roaming

feature of subscribers in one of the following two modes:

z Inter-office location update

z Intra-office location update

Caution:

z You are recommended to use the intra-office location update mode when a

multi-are network is set up in a city with multiple districts.

z You are recommended to use the inter-office location update mode when an MA

network is set up across multiple cities or regions.

z For the setting of the software parameter, see section 4.3.1 Setting Location

Update Mode."

I. Inter-Office Location Update

In this mode, the processing procedures are the same as that of the traditional GSM

inter-office location update. Location updates in this mode do not affect IN services and

roaming number assignment when subscribers act as callees.

II. Intra-Office Location Update

When this mode is used, the MSOFTX3000 needs to update MSC numbers, VLR

numbers, and subscriber locations stored in the VLR. Although this mode reduces the

amount of location update messages transmitted between the MSOFTX3000 and the

HLR, you need to note the following:

z For IN services, MSC numbers and VLR numbers stored on the HLR and SCP

sides are those of the original LA. This causes the billing of the called IN services

to be inaccurate.

z When a subscriber is called, the HLR uses the original MSC number to request the

mobile station roaming number (MSRN) of the subscriber. The system can assign


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3-5

a roaming number according to the MSC number or LAI of the actual LA of the

subscriber. This ensures calls to be processed successfully.

III. Data Protection Measures of Location Update

According to the standard protocol, the MSC server does not follows a sequence when

processing the messages for adding subscriber data sent from the HLR (message 1) or

for removing original VLR subscriber data (message 2). As a result of this, after a

location update between local networks, the subscriber data added by message 1 is

removed by message 2 sent from the HLR.

The MSOFTX3000 solves the problem by using a timer protection mechanism so that

the system follows a specific sequence when processing messages 1 and 2. This

ensures that the subscriber data is valid and correct, and improves system reliability.

Caution:

The duration of the timer is controlled by a software parameter. For the setting of the

software parameter, see section 4.3.2 Setting Duration of Protecting Location Update

Data by Timer.

3.3.2 Roaming Types

The MSOFTX3000 uses the IMSI of a subscriber and the MSC number of the local

network to judge the roaming type of the subscriber. The roaming type may be local

subscriber or roaming subscriber.

3.3.3 Roaming Restriction

For the HLR, the virtual MSCs/VLRs are equal to real MSCs/VLRs. An LA in an MA

network belongs to a VLR. Therefore, in the MA networking, you can use VLR list or

ZoneCode to carry out the Local Smart service.

3.4 Principle of Roaming Number Assignment

In an MA network, the system assigns roaming numbers according to MSC numbers or

LAI numbers. The former is often used. If you assign roaming numbers according to LAI

numbers, make sure that the LAI assigned to each local network is unique.


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3-6

Caution:

MSC numbers are used to assign roaming numbers at present.

3.5 Principles of Call and Route Selection

3.5.1 Call Data Obtaining

This section describes how to obtain key data in a call.

I. Call Between Local Mobile Subscribers

To obtain key data in an intra-office call between local mobile subscribers, use the

following modes:

z The MSC number and the multi-area statistics index on the mobile side are

obtained from the LAI information table.

z The area code is obtained by using the call source code of the caller or callee to

query the call source table.

II. Mobile Originated Outgoing Call

To obtain key data in a mobile originated (MO) outgoing call, use the following modes:

z The MSC number and the multi-area statistics index on the caller mobile side are


z The area code is obtained by using the call source code of the caller to query the

call source table.

z The multi-area statistics index on the called trunk side is obtained from the trunk

group table of the callee. In the case of broadband signaling such as BICC and

SIP, the data is obtained from the office direction table.

z The MSC number and area code of the callee is obtained by using the call source

code of the called trunk group to query the call source table. In the case of

broadband signaling, the data is obtained from the office direction table of the

callee.

III. Call from Incoming Trunk to Local Mobile Subscriber

To obtain key data in an call from an incoming trunk to a local mobile subscriber, use the

following modes:

z The multi-area statistics index of the caller is obtained from the trunk group table of

the caller. In the case of broadband signaling such as BICC and SIP, the data is

obtained from the office direction table.


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3-7

z The MSC number and area code of the caller is obtained by using the call source

code of the calling trunk group to query the call source table. In the case of


caller.z The MSC number and the multi-area statistics index on the callee mobile side are


z The area code is obtained by using the call source code of the caller or callee to

query the call source table.

IV. Call from Incoming Trunk and Through Tandem Office

To obtain key data in a call from an incoming trunk and through a tandem office, use the

following modes:

z The multi-area statistics index of the caller is obtained from the trunk group table of

the caller. In the case of broadband signaling such as BICC and SIP, the data is

obtained from the office direction table.

z The MSC number and area code of the caller is obtained by using the call source

code of the calling trunk group to query the call source table. In the case of


caller.

z The multi-area statistics index on the called trunk side is obtained from the trunk

group table of the callee. In the case of broadband signaling such as BICC and

SIP, the data is obtained from the office direction table.

z The MSC number and area code of the callee is obtained by using the call sourcecode of the called trunk group to query the call source table. In the case of


callee.

Note:For the above four call models, the data of the caller replaces that of the callee when a

call fails to be connected and the call request is not sent to the callee side.

3.5.2 Call Routing

The principles of call routing in an MA network are as follows:

z The basic dialing principles are the same as those of non-MA networks except that

a fixed-line caller needs to dial 0 first when calling mobile subscribers of other local

networks. You need to configure data so that a call is restricted according to the

call source and an announcement is played if the caller does not dial 0 first.


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z In the default normalization mode of caller number format, the caller area codes

configured for different call sources can be used for processing.

z For such shared outgoing called numbers as fixed-line numbers and mobile

numbers of other local networks, and such toll numbers of non-MA networks asfixed-line numbers of non-local networks, mobile numbers of other networks, and

mobile roaming numbers of local networks, you need to configure route selection

source codes according to call sources. This enables the system to select different

outgoing routes in different conditions.

z In an intra-office call between mobile subscribers of local networks, set the mobile

network roaming number of the MA network as PLMN intra MSC if there are

intermediate bearers between MGWs.

z The calls and handover between mobile subscribers of the two virtual MSC

servers in an MA network can be regarded as intra-office or inter-office depending

on the requirement of network operators or whether there are intermediate

bearers between MGWs of different local networks.

If there are intermediate bearers between MGWs, the calls are regarded as

intra-office. In this case, set roaming numbers and handover numbers of the

number analysis data as PLMN intra MSC.

If there are no intermediate bearers between MGWs, the system sends the

roaming numbers obtained in calls between mobile subscribers of local networks

from the local office to a gateway office or a tandem office that then sends them

back to another virtual MSC server of the local office. This generally happens

when existing bearer connections are used at the initial stage of MA networkconstruction. The handover between local networks is regarded as inter-office.

You can set the handover signaling to be processed at the local office. Set the

handover speech path as follows: Handover numbers are sent from the local office

to a gateway office or a tandem office that then sends them back to another virtual

MSC server of the local office for processing.

3.6 Principles of Paging Optimization

Caution:

z In the MA networking, enable paging optimization for the whole MA network. Paging

is done only in the MSC/VLR LA where the callee is located.

z A software parameter controls whether to optimize paging. For the setting of the

software parameter, see section 4.3.3 Setting Parameter of Optimizing Paging in

Entire Multi-area Network.


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Paging over the whole network needs to be started when there is no callee data (mainly

LAI) in the local VLR. If paging optimization is not enabled, common paging in an MA

network has the following impact on the system:

z If paging over the whole MA network is done after switchover, multiple virtual MSC

servers send paging requests at the same time. This causes the access network

to be overloaded.

z When the paging times entity is measured in a paging process, the VLR cannot

obtain the LAI of the callee because of the lack of subscriber data. When the call

completion times entity is measured, the VLR has obtained the LAI of the callee.

As a result, paging times is counted into the multi-area statistics index of the

caller, while call completion times into that of the callee LAI. It may happen that a

multi-area statistics index contains call completions times, but not paging times.

The MSOFTX3000 can control whether to do paging in the control area of the virtualMSC server that maps to the MSC number contained in the PRN message sent from

the HLR.

3.7 Principle of Handover

You can set the handover between two local networks as intra-office or inter-office.

By using subscribers original and destination LAs contained in the handover request

message, the MSOFTX3000:

z Queries system data configuration

z Obtains source and destination MSC numbers and writes them into handover bills

The principles of handover are as follows:

z If th

Documents

Area Network User Manual.pdf