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Architectural Drawings
Residential ConstructionUnit 1 Mr. Todzia
Architectural Drawing
• An architectural drawing or is a technical drawing of a building project that falls within the definition of architecture.– Technical Drawing- is a plan that visually
communicates how something functions or is to be constructed.
– Architecture- The art and science of design and the erecting of buildings and other physical structures.
Arch. Drawings Continued
Architectural drawings are used by architects and others for a number of purposes: – to develop a design idea into a coherent proposal– to communicate ideas and concepts – to convince clients of the merits of a design– to enable a building contractor to construct it– as a record of the completed work– to make a record of a building that already exists
Arch. Drawings Continued
• Architectural drawings are drawn according to a set of conventions, which include particular views (floor plan, elevations, section etc.), sheet sizes, units of measurement and scales, annotations and cross referencing.
• convention is a set of agreed, or generally accepted standards, often taking the form of a custom.
History of Arch Drawings
• Historically, drawings were made in ink on paper or a similar material, and any copies had to be laboriously made by hand.
• The twentieth century saw a shift to drawing on tracing paper, so that mechanical copies could be run off efficiently.
Evolution of Arch. Drawings
• The development of the computer had a major impact on the methods used to design and create technical drawings making manual drafting almost obsolete, and opening up new possibilities of form using organic shapes and complex geometry.
• Today the vast majority of drawings are created using CAD software
C.A.D.
• Computer-aided design (CAD), is the use of computer technology for the process of design and design-documentation.
Designing in CAD allows for two things to take place easier than the older methods?
Making copies and changes
Standard Views used in architectural drawing
• A floor plan is the most fundamental architectural diagram, a view from above showing the arrangement of spaces in a building in the same way as a map, but showing the arrangement at a particular level of a building.
Elevation View
• An elevation is a view of a building seen from one side, a flat representation of one façade.
• This is the most common view used to describe the external appearance of a building.
• Each elevation is labeled in relation to the compass direction it faces, e.g. the north elevation of a building is the side that most closely faces north
Cross Section View
• A cross section represents a vertical plane cut through the object, in the same way as a floor plan is a horizontal section viewed from the top.
• In the section view, everything cut by the section plane is shown as a bold line, often with a solid fill to show objects that are cut through, and anything seen beyond generally shown in a thinner line.
• Sections are used to describe the relationship between different levels of a building.
Site Plan
• A site plan is a specific type of plan, showing the whole context of a building or group of buildings.
• A site plan shows property boundaries and means of access to the site, and nearby structures if they are relevant to the design.
Scaled Drawings
• Architectural drawings are drawn to scale, so that relative sizes are correctly represented.
• The scale is chosen both to ensure the whole building will fit on the chosen sheet size, and to show the required amount of detail.
• For example a drawing could be done in ¼ inch scale. This means that if you measured ¼ inch on the drawing, it would represent 1 ft in real life.
Architectural Symbols
• All drawings use a common set of symbols, similar to a language. See Architectural Symbols hand out.
Annotations
• Working drawings include dimensions. • They specify: – room size – wall lengths – door and window locations
Detail Views
• Detail drawings show a small part of the construction at a larger scale, to show how the component parts fit together.
• They are also used to show small surface details, for example decorative elements.
• See handout of house plans
Schedules
• Window, door or trim schedule is a detailed list of:– window types – Window sizes– installation details– finishing instructions (painted, stained, vynal,
prefinished)• See house plans for examples
