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AQA Chemistry Unit4- Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry January 2011 Mark Scheme
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General Certificate of Education (A-level) January 2011
Chemistry
(Specification 2420)
CHEM4
Unit 4: Kinetics, Equilibria and Organic Chemistry
Post-Standardisation
Mark Scheme
Report on the Examination Mark schemes are prepared by the Principal Examiner and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all examiners participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the candidates’ responses to questions and that every examiner understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each examiner analyses a number of candidates’ scripts: alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, examiners encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Principal Examiner. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of candidates’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper.
Further copies of this Mark Scheme are available from: aqa.org.uk Copyright © 2010 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. Copyright AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered centres for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to centres to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. Set and published by the Assessment and Qualifications Alliance. The Assessment and Qualifications Alliance (AQA) is a company limited by guarantee registered in England and Wales (company number 3644723) and a registered charity (registered charity number 1073334). Registered address: AQA, Devas Street, Manchester M15 6EX.
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
3
Qu
esti
on
M
ark
ing
Gu
idan
ce
Mark
C
om
men
ts
1(a
)(i)
pro
pyl m
eth
anoate
1
must be c
orr
ect spelli
ng
1(a
)(ii)
ra
te =
k[X
][O
H–]
1
allo
w H
CO
OC
H2C
H2C
H3 (
or
clo
se)
for
X
allo
w (
) b
ut pen
alis
e m
issin
g m
inus
1(a
)(iii
) k =
)
.)(
.(
03
50
02
40
10
8
.5-5
10
=
0.1
0(1
2)
2sf m
inim
um
m
ol-1
dm
3 s
-1
In (
a)(
iii),
if
wro
ng o
rders
allo
w
1 f
or
conseq a
nsw
er
1 f
or
conseq u
nits
1 1 1
mark
is for
insert
ion o
f num
bers
in c
orr
ect
expre
ssio
n
for
k
If e
xpre
ssio
n f
or
k is u
psid
e d
ow
n,
only
score
units
conseq t
o their e
xpre
ssio
n
any o
rder
1(a
)(iv
) 2.1
(3)
× 1
0-5
1
or
2.1
(2)
× 1
0-5
ignore
units
allo
w 2
sf
NB
If
wro
ng
ch
eck t
he o
rders
in
part
(a)(
iii)
an
d
all
ow
(a)(
iv)
if c
on
seq
to
wro
ng
k
See *
belo
w
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
4
1(a
)(v)
1.3
×10
-4 (1
.28 ×
10
-4)
1
allo
w
(1.2
6 ×
10
-4 )
to (
1.3
×10
-4)
ig
nore
units
allo
w 2
sf
NB
If
wro
ng
ch
eck t
he o
rders
in
part
(a)(
iii)
an
d
all
ow
(a)(
iv)
if c
on
seq
to
wro
ng
k
See *
* b
elo
w
Fo
r exam
ple
, if
ord
ers
giv
en
are
1st
in X
an
d s
eco
nd
in
OH
– [T
he m
ark
in a
(ii) a
nd a
lso f
irst m
ark
in a
(iii)
have a
lready b
een lost]
S
o a
llow
mark
* in
(iv
) fo
r ra
te =
their k
×(0
.012)(
0.0
175)2
=
t
heir k
×(3
.7 ×
10
-6)
(a
llow
answ
er
to 2
sf)
** in (
v)
for
rate
= t
heir k
× (
0.0
12)(
0.1
05)2
=
th
eir k
×(1
.32 ×
10
-4)
(a
llow
answ
er
to 2
sf)
Th
e n
um
bers
will o
f co
urs
e v
ary
fo
r d
iffe
ren
t o
rders
.
1(a
)(vi)
Low
ere
d
few
er
part
icle
s/c
olli
sio
ns h
ave e
nerg
y >
Ea
OR
fe
wer
have s
uff
icie
nt (a
ctivation)
energ
y (
to r
eact)
1 1
if w
rong,
no f
urt
her
mark
not ju
st fe
wer
successfu
l colli
sio
ns
1(b
) S
tep 2
(t
his
ste
p w
ith p
revio
us)
involv
es o
ne m
ol/m
ole
cule
/part
icle
A a
nd
two B
s
or
1:2
ratio o
r sam
e a
mounts
(of
reacta
nts
) as in r
ate
eq
uation
1 1
if w
rong,
no f
urt
her
mark
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
5
Qu
esti
on
M
ark
ing
Gu
idan
ce
Mark
C
om
men
ts
2(a
)(i)
- lo
g[H
+]
or
log
1/[
H+]
1
penalis
e m
issin
g s
quare
bra
ckets
here
only
2(a
)(ii)
0.8
1
1
2dp r
eq
uired,
no o
ther
answ
er
allo
wed
2(a
)(iii
) M
1 m
ol H
+ =
1.5
4 ×
10
-3
M2 pH
= 2
.81
1 1
if w
rong n
o furt
her
mark
if 1
.5 ×
10
-3 a
llow
M1 b
ut not
M2 f
or
2.8
2
allo
w m
ore
than 2
dp b
ut not fe
wer
2(b
) M
1 [H
+] =
3.3
1 ×
10
-3
M2 K
a =
]H
X[
]X
][[H
]][
or
]H
X[
][H
2 ] o
r u
sin
g n
um
bers
M3 [H
X] =
a
2
K
[H]]
=
5
23
10
4.8
3
10
31
35
3
10
10
).
(
M4 [H
X] =
0.2
27
1
1
1 1
do n
ot penalis
e (
) o
r one o
r m
ore
mis
sin
g [ ]
allo
w c
onseq o
n their [H
+]2
/(4.8
3 ×
10
–5)
(
AE
) if u
psid
e d
ow
n,
no f
urt
her
mark
s a
fter
M2
allo
w 0
.225 –
0.2
3
2(c
) M
1 extr
a/a
dded O
H– re
moved b
y r
eaction w
ith H
+ o
r th
e a
cid
M
2 corr
ect
dis
cussio
n o
f eq
um
shift
i.e.
HX
H
+ +
X
– m
oves
to r
ight
O
R
ratio
][X[H
X]
- r
em
ain
s a
lmost consta
nt
1 1
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
6
2(d
)(i)
M1
mol H
Y =
(5
0×
10
-3)
× 0
.428 =
0
.0214
OR
[Y
- ] =
.0236 ×
5
0
1000
= 0
.472
1 1 1 1
mark
for
answ
er
must be n
um
bers
not ju
st re
arr
ang
em
ent
of
Ka
expre
ssio
n
If e
ither
HY
valu
e o
r Y
– v
alu
e w
rong
, (a
part
fro
m
AE
-1)
lo
se M
2 a
nd M
3
mark
for
answ
er
allo
w m
ore
than 2
dp b
ut not fe
wer
all
ow
M4 f
or
co
rrect
pH
calc
ula
tio
n u
sin
g t
heir
[H
+]
(
this
ap
plies in
2(d
)(i)
on
ly)
M2
[H+] =
1.3
5 ×
10
-5
×
0236
.0
0214
.0
OR
1
.35 ×
10
-5
= [
H+] ×
0214
.0
0236
.0
OR
[H
+] =
1.3
5 ×
10
-5 ×
472
.0
428
.0
OR
1
.35 ×
10
-5
= [
H+] ×
428
.0
472
.0
M3
[H+] =
1.2
2 ×
10
-5
M4
pH
=
4.9
1
If H
en
ders
on
Hasselb
alc
h e
qu
ati
on
used
:
1 1 1 1
If H
en
ders
on
Hasselb
alc
h e
qu
ati
on
used
:
mark
for
answ
er
If e
ither
HY
valu
e o
r Y
– v
alu
e w
rong
, (a
part
fro
m
AE
-1)
lo
se M
3 a
nd M
4
allo
w m
ore
than 2
dp b
ut not fe
wer
M1
mol H
Y =
(5
0×
10
-3)
× 0
.428
=
0
.0214
OR
[Y
- ] =
.0
236 ×
5
0
1000
=
0.4
72
M2
pK
a
=
4.8
7
M3
log
(0236
.0
0214
.0
) =
– 0
.043
log
(472
.0
428
.0
) =
– 0
.043
M4
pH
=
4.8
7 –
(– 0
.043)
= 4
.91
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
7
2(d
)(ii)
M
1
Mo
l H
Y a
fter
addin
g N
aO
H =
0.0
214 –
5.0
×10
-4 =
0.0
209
M2
Mo
l Y
– a
fter
addin
g N
aO
H
=
0.0
236 +
5.0
×10
-4 =
0.0
241
1 1 1
1
Can s
core
full
mark
s for
corr
ect c
onseq
uential
use o
f th
eir H
Y a
nd Y
– v
alu
es f
rom
d(i)
AE
in s
ubtr
action loses just
M1
If w
rong
initia
l m
ol H
Y (
i.e.
not
conseq
to p
art
d(i))
or
no s
ubtr
action
or
subtr
action o
f w
rong
am
ount,
lose M
1 a
nd M
3
AE
in a
dditio
n loses just M
2
If w
rong
mol Y
– (
i.e. not conseq t
o p
art
d(i))
or
no a
dditio
n
or
additio
n o
f w
rong
am
ount
lo
se M
2 a
nd n
ext
mark
gain
ed
if H
Y/Y
– u
psid
e d
ow
n,
no f
urt
her
mark
s
allo
w m
ore
than 2
dp b
ut not fe
wer
NO
T a
llow
M4 f
or
corr
ect pH
calc
ula
tion u
sin
g
their [H
+] (t
his
allo
wance a
pplie
s in 2
(d)(
i) o
nly
)
M3
[H+] =
1
.35 ×
10
-5
×
0241
0
0209
0
..
(=
1
.17 ×
10
-5)
if c
onvert
to c
oncentr
atio
ns
[H+]
=
1.3
5 ×
10
-5
×
482
.0
418
.0
(
= 1
.17 ×
10
-5)
M4
pH
=
4
.93
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
8
If
Hen
ders
on
Hasselb
alc
h e
qu
ati
on
used
:
M1
Mo
l H
Y a
fter
addin
g N
aO
H =
0.0
214 –
5.0
×10
-4 =
0.0
209
M2
Mo
l Y
– a
fter
addin
g N
aO
H
=
0.0
236 +
5.0
×10
-4 =
0.0
241
M3
log
(0241
0
0209
0
..)
=
–
0.0
62
M4
pH
=
4.8
7 –
(– 0
.062)
= 4
.93
1
1
1 1
If H
en
ders
on
Hasselb
alc
h e
qu
ati
on
used
: C
an s
core
full
mark
s for
corr
ect conseq
uential
use o
f th
eir H
Y a
nd Y
– v
alu
es f
rom
d(i)
AE
in s
ubtr
action loses just
M1
If w
rong
initia
l m
ol H
Y (
i.e.
not
conseq
to p
art
d(i))
or
no s
ubtr
action
or
subtr
action o
f w
rong
am
ount
lose M
1 a
nd M
3
AE
in a
dditio
n loses just M
2
If w
rong
mol Y
– (
i.e. not conseq t
o p
art
d(i))
or
no a
dditio
n
or
additio
n o
f w
rong
am
ount
lo
se M
2 a
nd n
ext
mark
gain
ed
if H
Y/Y
–- u
psid
e d
ow
n,
no f
urt
her
mark
s
allo
w m
ore
than 2
dp b
ut not fe
wer
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
9
Qu
esti
on
M
ark
ing
Gu
idan
ce
Mark
C
om
men
ts
3(a
) m
ol C
H3O
H
= 0
.07(0
) m
ol H
2
= 0
.24(0
)
1 1
3(b
)(i)
22
3
][C
O][HO
H]
[CH
or
25
1275
05
1210
0
51
082
0
).
/.
)(.
/.
(
).
/.
(
1
allo
w (
) b
ut expre
ssio
n u
sin
g form
ula
e m
ust
have
bra
ckets
altern
ative e
xpre
ssio
n u
sin
g n
um
bers
must in
clu
de
volu
mes
3(b
)(ii)
M
1 div
ides b
y v
ol
M2
25
1275
05
1210
0
51
082
0
).
/.
)(.
/.
(
).
/.
(
( =
2 )
18
33
.0
)(1
4.
0(
)0
54
67
.0(
)
M3 11.6
or
11.7
M
4 m
ol–
2 d
m6
1 1 1 1
Mark
independently f
rom
(b)(
i)
any A
E is –
1
if v
olu
me m
issed, can s
core
only
M3 a
nd M
4
mark
is for
corr
ect
insert
ion o
f corr
ect num
bers
in
corr
ect
Kc e
xpre
ssi o
n in b
(ii)
If K
c e
xpre
ssio
n w
rong
, can o
nly
score
M1 &
M4
If n
um
bers
rounded,
allo
w M
2 b
ut
check r
ang
e f
or
M3
mark
for
answ
er
above 1
1.7
up to 1
2.2
score
s 2
for
M1 a
nd M
2
if v
ol m
issed, can s
core
M3 f
or
5.1
6 (a
llow
rang
e 4
.88
to 5
.21)
Units c
onseq t
o t
heir K
c in (
b)(
ii)
3(b
)(iii
) no e
ffect o
r n
o c
hang
e or
none
1
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
10
3(c
) M
1 T
1
1 1 1
if w
rong -
no f
urt
her
mark
s
only
aw
ard
M3 if
M2 is c
orr
ect
not ju
st to
oppose t
he c
hang
e
M2
(forw
ard
) re
action is
exoth
erm
ic
OR
giv
es o
ut heat
backw
ard
reaction is
endoth
erm
ic
M3
shifts
to R
HS
to r
epla
ce lost
heat
OR
to incre
ase the
tem
pera
ture
OR
to o
ppose f
all
in tem
p
backw
ard
reaction t
akes in
heat
OR
to low
er
the t
em
pera
ture
3(d
) fo
ssil
fuels
used
OR
C
O2 H
2O
pro
duced/g
iven o
ff/form
ed w
hic
h a
re g
reenhouse g
ases
OR
S
O2 p
roduced/g
iven o
ff/form
ed w
hic
h c
auses a
cid
rain
O
R
Carb
on
pro
duced/g
iven o
ff/f
orm
ed c
auses g
lobal dim
min
g
1
not
allo
w e
lectr
icity is e
xpensiv
e
ignore
just g
lobal w
arm
ing
ig
nore
energ
y o
r hazard
dis
cussio
n
3(e
) C
17H
35C
OO
CH
3 o
r C
17H
31C
OO
CH
3 or C
17H
29C
OO
CH
3
OR
CH
3O
OC
C17H
35 o
r C
H3O
OC
C17H
31
or C
H3O
OC
C17H
29
1
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
11
Qu
esti
on
M
ark
ing
Gu
idan
ce
Mark
C
om
men
ts
4(a
) 3-h
ydro
xypro
panoic
acid
1
allo
w 3
-hydro
xypro
pio
nic
acid
must be c
orr
ect spe
lling
4(b
)(i)
must show
tra
iling b
onds
OC
H2
CH
2C O
OC
H2
CH
2C O
or
can s
tart
at
any p
oin
t in
the s
eq
uence,
e.g
.
CH
2C
H2
C O
OC
H2
CH
2C O
O
1
not
allo
w d
imer
allo
w
–O
–C
H2C
H2C
OO
CH
2C
H2C
O-
or
–
CH
2C
H2C
OO
CH
2C
H2C
OO
-
ignore
( )
or
n
NB
answ
er
has a
tota
l of
6 c
arb
ons a
nd 4
oxyg
ens
4(b
)(ii)
condensation (
poly
merisation)
1
Allo
w c
lose s
pelli
ng
4(c
)(i)
C=
C o
r carb
on-c
arb
on d
ouble
bond
1
4(c
)(ii)
H
C
H
C
CH
O
OH
1
must show
AL
L b
onds
inclu
din
g O
–H
4(c
)(iii
) m
ust show
tra
iling b
onds
CC
H H
H CO
OH
1
allo
w p
oly
alk
ene c
onseq o
n t
heir c
(ii)
ignore
n
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
12
4(d
)
H3N
CC O
O
CH
2C
H3
H
1
allo
w N
H3+—
allo
w C
OO
–
4(e
)(i)
H2N
CCO
O
H
CH
2C
H2
CO
O
1
In 4
(e),
do n
ot penalis
e a
slip
in t
he n
um
ber
of carb
ons
in t
he -
CH
2C
H2-
chain
, but
all
must be b
onded c
orr
ectly
NB
tw
o c
arb
oxyla
te g
roups
Allo
w C
OO
Na or
CO
O– N
a+ b
ut
not covale
nt
bond t
o
Na
allo
w N
H2–
4(e
)(ii)
H2N
CCO
OC
H3
H
CH
2C
H2
CO
OC
H3
OR
H3N
CCO
OC
H3
H
CH
2C
H2
CO
OC
H3
1
In 4
(e),
do n
ot penalis
e a
slip
in t
he n
um
ber
of carb
ons
in t
he -
CH
2C
H2-
chain
, but
all
must be b
onded c
orr
ectly
NB
tw
o e
ste
r gro
ups
allo
w N
H2–
or
+N
H3–
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
13
4(e
)(iii
) H N
CCO
OH
H
CH
2C
H2
CO
OH
C O
H3C
1
In 4
(e),
do n
ot penalis
e a
slip
in t
he n
um
ber
of carb
ons
in t
he -
CH
2C
H2-
chain
, but
all
must be b
onded c
orr
ectly
allo
w a
nhydride f
orm
ation o
n e
ither
or
both
CO
OH
g
roups (
see b
elo
w)
with o
r w
ithout
am
ide g
roup
form
ation N
HCC H
CH
2C
H2
CC O
H3C
O
OC O
CH
3
O
OCO
CH
3
4(f
) M
1 p
hase o
r elu
ent or
solv
ent
(or
nam
ed s
olv
ent)
is
movin
g o
r m
obile
M
2 s
tationary
phase o
r solid
or
alu
min
a/s
ilica/r
esin
M
3 s
epara
tion d
epends o
n b
ala
nce b
etw
een s
olu
bili
ty o
r aff
inity
(of
com
pounds)
in e
ach p
hase
OR
diffe
rent
adsorp
tion o
r re
tention
OR
(a
min
o a
cid
s h
ave)
diffe
rent
Rf v
alu
es
OR
(a
min
o a
cid
s)
travel at diffe
rent speeds o
r ta
ke d
iffe
rent tim
es
1 1 1
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
14
Qu
esti
on
M
ark
ing
Gu
idan
ce
Mark
C
om
men
ts
5(a
) J (a
cid
) am
ide
K
(secondary
) am
ine o
r am
ino
1 1
not
peptide,
not
N-s
ubstitu
ted a
mid
e
penalis
e p
rim
ary
or
tert
iary
allo
w
N-s
ubstitu
ted a
min
e
5(b
) (
= )
3.1
-3.9
double
t O
R d
uple
t
1
1
Not
3.7
– 4
.1
Not
secondary
nam
e r
eq
uired n
ot th
e n
um
ber
2
5(c
)(i)
Solv
ent
must be p
roto
n-f
ree
OR
CH
Cl 3
has p
roto
ns o
r has H
or
giv
es a
peak
1
5(c
)(ii)
C
DCl 3
is p
ola
r O
R C
Cl 4
is n
on
-pola
r 1
5(d
) 11 O
R e
leven
1
5(e
)(i)
Si(C
H3) 4
O
R S
iC4H
12
1
ignore
TM
S
5(e
)(ii)
a s
ing
le n
um
ber
or
a r
ang
e w
ithin
21
-25
1
penalis
e a
nyth
ing
outs
ide t
his
rang
e
5(e
)(iii
)
H2N
C O
CH
2O
CH
2C
H
OH
CH
2NH
CH
CH
3
CH
3
1
allo
w r
ing
aro
und the C
only
and a
lso a
llow
OC
H2
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
15
5(f
)(i)
NaB
H4
1
ignore
nam
e if fo
rmula
corr
ect
ig
nore
solv
ent
allo
w L
iAlH
4
Zn/H
Cl
Sn/H
Cl
H
2/N
i H
2/P
t
5(f
)(ii)
H2N
C O
CH
2O
CH
2C
H
OH
CH
2NH
CH
CH
3
CH
3
1
allo
w r
ing
aro
und the C
only
5(f
)(iii
) (p
lane)
pola
rised lig
ht
OR
lig
ht in
a p
ola
rim
ete
r pola
rised lig
ht is
not ro
tate
d o
r is
unaff
ecte
d
1 1
penalis
e b
ent/
diffr
acte
d/d
eflecte
d/r
eflecte
d
Not ju
st solu
tion is o
ptically
inactive
5(f
)(iv
) ad
v
cheaper
medic
ine d
ue to c
ost or
difficulty o
f separa
tion
or
both
can low
er
blo
od p
ressure
O
R m
ore
eff
ective/b
eneficia
l w
ith a
reason
dis
ad
v m
ay b
e s
ide e
ffects
fro
m o
ne e
nantiom
er
in the m
ixtu
re o
r
only
half the p
roduct w
ork
s o
r one e
nantiom
er
may b
e
ineff
ective
or
double
dose r
equired
1 1
or
no n
eed to s
epara
te
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
16
Qu
esti
on
M
ark
ing
Gu
idan
ce
Mark
C
om
men
ts
6(a
)(i)
C6H
6
+
CH
3C
H2C
OCl
→
C
6H
5C
OC
H2C
H3
+ H
Cl
OR
C
6H
6
+
CH
3C
H2C
O+ →
C
6H
5C
OC
H2C
H3
+ H
+
phenylp
ropanone
OR
eth
ylp
henylk
eto
ne O
R phenyle
thylk
eto
ne
AlC
l 3
CH
3C
H2C
OCl
+
AlC
l 3 →
C
H3C
H2C
O+ +
AlC
l 4–
AlC
l 4–
+
H+ →
AlC
l 3 +
H
Cl
1 1 1
1 1
allo
w C
2H
5
penalis
e
C6H
5–C
H3C
H2C
O
allo
w +
on C
or
O in e
quation
Ig
nore
1 in form
ula
, but penalis
e o
ther
num
bers
can s
core
in e
quation
allo
w C
2H
5
allo
w +
on C
or
O in e
quation
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
17
6(a
)(ii)
ele
ctr
ophili
c s
ubstitu
tion
C O
CH
2C
H3
H CO
CH
2C
H3
M1
M2
for
str
uctu
re
M3
OR
C O
CH
2C
H3
H CO
CH
2C
H3
M1
M2M
3
+
1 3
can a
llow
in (
a)(
i) if
no c
ontr
adic
tion
M1 a
rrow
fro
m c
ircle
or
within
it
to C
or
to +
on C
hors
eshoe m
ust
not
exte
nd b
eyond C
2 t
o C
6 b
ut can
be s
malle
r +
not to
o c
lose t
o C
1
M2 p
enalis
e
C6H
5–C
H3C
H2C
O (
even if
already
penaliz
ed in (
a)(
i) )
M
3 a
rrow
into
hexag
on u
nle
ss K
ekule
allo
w M
3 a
rrow
independent
of
M2 s
tructu
re
ignore
base r
em
ovin
g H
in M
3
6(b
)(i)
CH
3C
H2C
HO
+
H
CN
→
C
H3C
H2C
H(O
H)C
N O
R
C
2H
5C
H(O
H)C
N
2-h
ydro
xybuta
nenitrile
OR
2-h
ydro
xybuta
nonitrile
1 1
ald
ehyde m
ust
be
-CH
O
bra
ckets
optional
no o
thers
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
18
6(b
)(ii)
nucle
ophili
c a
dditio
n
CH
3C
H2
C
O H
CN
CH
3C
H2
CO
H
CN
H
M1
M2
M3
M4
1 4
M1 inclu
des lp a
nd a
rrow
to C
arb
onyl C
and m
inus
charg
e (
on e
ither
C o
r N
) N
ot
allo
w M
2 b
efo
re M
1, but
allo
w M
1 t
o C
+ a
fter
non-s
coring c
arb
onyl arr
ow
Ignore
+
, –
on c
arb
onyl gro
up, but if w
rong
way
round o
r fu
ll +
charg
e o
n C
lose M
2
M3 f
or
corr
ect
str
uctu
re inclu
din
g m
inus s
ign. A
llow
C
2H
5
M4 f
or
lp a
nd c
urly a
rrow
to H
+
6(b
)(iii
) (p
ropanone)
slo
wer
OR
p
ropanal fa
ste
r
inductive e
ffects
of
alk
yl g
roups
OR
C o
f C
=O
less
+ i
n p
ropanone
O
R
alk
yl gro
ups in k
eto
ne h
inder
att
ack
OR
easie
r to
attack a
t end o
f chain
1
1
if w
rong,
no f
urt
her
mark
s
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
19
Qu
esti
on
M
ark
ing
Gu
idan
ce
Mark
C
om
men
ts
7(a
) die
thyla
min
e O
R e
thyl eth
anam
ine O
R e
thyl am
inoeth
ane
1
ignore
N-
7(b
) F
or
7(b
) a
nd
(c)
Th
ere
are
th
ree
va
lid r
ou
tes f
or
this
syn
the
sis
ca
lled
Ro
ute
s A
, B
an
d C
belo
w
D
ecid
e w
hic
h r
ou
te f
its t
he
answ
er
be
st
(th
is m
ay n
ot
be
th
e b
est
for
pa
rt b
) to
giv
e t
he
ca
ndid
ate
th
e b
est
possib
le o
ve
rall
ma
rk.
M
ark
part
(b
)
F
or
this
be
st
rou
te m
ark
the
me
ch
an
ism
and
re
ag
ent
ind
ep
en
de
ntly
M
igra
tio
n f
rom
one
ro
ute
to
ano
ther
is n
ot
allo
we
d
E
ith
er
na
me
or
form
ula
is a
llow
ed
in
eve
ry c
ase
.
Ig
no
re c
on
ditio
ns u
nle
ss t
he
y a
re in
co
rre
ct.
Ro
ute
A
Ro
ute
B
Ro
ute
C
F
CH
3C
H2B
r o
r C
H3C
H2Cl
C2H
6
CH
3C
H2O
H
1
G
CH
3C
H2N
H2 e
thyla
min
e O
R
eth
an
am
ine O
R a
min
oe
tha
ne
CH
3C
H2B
r O
R
CH
3C
H2Cl
CH
3C
H2B
r O
R
CH
3C
H2Cl
1
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
20
7(c
)
Ro
ute
A
Ro
ute
B
Ro
ute
C
Ste
p 1
R
ea
ge
nt(
s)
HB
r O
R H
Cl
H2 /
Ni (
No
t N
aB
H4)
H2O
& H
3P
O4 O
R
H
2O
& H
2S
O4
1
Mech
an
ism
E
lectr
op
hili
c a
dd
itio
n
add
itio
n (
allo
w e
lectr
op
hili
c
OR
ca
taly
tic b
ut
not
nucle
op
hili
c)
ig
no
re h
yd
rog
en
atio
n
Ele
ctr
op
hili
c a
dd
itio
n
1
S
tep
2
Re
ag
ent(
s)
N
H3
Cl 2
OR
Br 2
H
Br
O
R K
Br
& H
2S
O4
OR
P
Cl 3
OR
PCl 5
OR
SO
Cl 2
1
Mech
an
ism
Nu
cle
op
hili
c s
ubstitu
tio
n
(fre
e)
radic
al su
bstitu
tio
n
Nu
cle
op
hili
c s
ubstitu
tio
n
1
S
tep
3
Re
ag
ent(
s)
CH
3C
H2B
r O
R C
H3C
H2Cl
CH
3C
H2N
H2
OR
N
H3 b
ut p
ena
lise
exce
ss
am
mo
nia
he
re
CH
3C
H2N
H2
OR
N
H3 b
ut p
ena
lise
exce
ss
am
mo
nia
he
re
1
Me
ch
an
ism
N
ucle
op
hili
c s
ubstitu
tio
n
Nu
cle
op
hili
c s
ubstitu
tio
n
Nu
cle
op
hili
c s
ubstitu
tio
n
1
7(d
) te
rtia
ry a
min
e O
R tr
ieth
yla
min
e
OR
(C
H3C
H2) 3
N
Quate
rnary
am
moniu
m s
alt
O
R tetr
aeth
yla
mm
on
ium
bro
mid
e O
R chlo
ride O
R ion
OR
(C
H3C
H2) 4
N+
(B
r–
OR
Cl–
)
furt
her
substitu
tion w
ill t
ake p
lace O
R
die
thyla
min
e is a
better
nucle
ophile
than e
thyla
min
e
1 1
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
21
Gen
era
l p
rin
cip
les a
pp
lied
to
mark
ing
CH
EM
4 p
ap
ers
by C
MI+
(Jan
uary
2011
)
It is im
port
ant to
note
that th
e g
uid
ance g
iven h
ere
is g
eneric a
nd s
pecific
variations m
ay b
e m
ade a
t in
div
idual sta
ndard
isin
g m
eetings in the c
onte
xt of
part
icula
r questions a
nd p
apers
.
Basic
princip
les
E
xam
iners
sh
ou
ld n
ote
th
at
thro
ug
ho
ut
the m
ark
sch
em
e, it
em
s t
hat
are
un
derl
ined
are
req
uir
ed
in
form
ati
on
to
gain
cre
dit
.
O
ccasio
nall
y a
n a
nsw
er
invo
lves i
nco
rrect
ch
em
istr
y a
nd
th
e m
ark
sch
em
e r
eco
rds C
E =
0, w
hic
h m
ean
s a
ch
em
ical
err
or
has o
ccu
rred
an
d n
o c
red
it is g
iven
fo
r th
at
secti
on
of
the c
lip
or
for
the w
ho
le c
lip
.
A.
Th
e “
Lis
t p
rin
cip
le” a
nd
th
e u
se o
f “ig
no
re” i
n t
he m
ark
sch
em
e
If a
question r
eq
uires o
ne a
nsw
er
and a
candid
ate
giv
es t
wo a
nsw
ers
, no m
ark
is s
core
d if
one a
nsw
er
is c
orr
ect and o
ne a
nsw
er
is incorr
ect. T
here
is
no p
enalty if
both
answ
ers
are
corr
ect.
N
.B.
Cert
ain
answ
ers
are
desig
nate
d in t
he m
ark
schem
e a
s t
hose w
hic
h t
he e
xam
iner
should
“Ig
nore
”. T
hese a
nsw
ers
are
not co
unte
d a
s p
art
of th
e
list
and s
hould
be ig
nore
d a
nd w
ill n
ot
be p
enalis
ed.
B
. In
co
rrect
case f
or
ele
men
t sym
bo
l
The u
se o
f an incorr
ect case f
or
the s
ym
bol of
an e
lem
ent should
be p
enalis
ed o
nce o
nly
within
a c
lip.
F
or
exam
ple
, penalis
e t
he u
se o
f “h
” fo
r hydro
gen, “C
L”
for
chlo
rine o
r “b
r” for
bro
min
e.
C
. S
pell
ing
In g
enera
l
T
he n
am
es o
f chem
ical com
pounds a
nd functional gro
ups m
ust
be s
pelled
co
rrectl
y t
o g
ain
cre
dit.
P
honetic s
pelli
ng
may b
e a
ccepta
ble
for
som
e c
hem
ical te
rmin
olo
gy.
N.B
. S
om
e term
s m
ay b
e r
eq
uired t
o b
e s
pelle
d c
orr
ectly o
r an idea n
eeds t
o b
e a
rtic
ula
ted w
ith c
larity
, as p
art
of th
e “
Quality
of
Lang
uag
e”
(Qo
L)
mark
ing
. T
hese w
ill b
e identified in the m
ark
schem
e a
nd m
ark
s a
re a
ward
ed o
nly
if
the Q
oL c
rite
rion is s
atisfied.
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
22
D.
Eq
uati
on
s
In
genera
l
E
quations m
ust
be b
ala
nced.
W
hen a
n e
quation is w
ort
h tw
o m
ark
s,
one o
f th
e m
ark
s in the m
ark
schem
e w
ill b
e a
llocate
d t
o o
ne o
r m
ore
of th
e r
eacta
nts
or
pro
ducts
. T
his
is
independent
of th
e e
quation b
ala
ncin
g.
S
tate
sym
bols
are
genera
lly ig
nore
d,
unle
ss s
pecific
ally
req
uired in the m
ark
schem
e.
E
. R
eag
en
ts
T
he c
om
mand w
ord
“Id
entify
”, a
llow
s t
he c
andid
ate
to c
hoose to u
se e
ith
er
the n
am
e o
r th
e form
ula
of
a r
eag
ent in
their a
nsw
er.
In
som
e
circum
sta
nces, th
e lis
t princip
le m
ay a
pply
when b
oth
the n
am
e a
nd the form
ula
are
used. S
pecific
deta
ils w
ill b
e g
iven in m
ark
schem
es.
The g
uid
ing
princip
le is that
a r
eag
ent
is a
chem
ical w
hic
h c
an b
e t
aken o
ut
of
a b
ottle
or
conta
iner.
F
ailu
re t
o identify
com
ple
te r
eag
ents
will
be
pen
ali
sed
, but fo
llow
-on m
ark
s (
e.g
. fo
r a s
ubsequent
eq
uation o
r observ
ation)
can b
e s
core
d fro
m a
n incorr
ect attem
pt (p
ossib
ly a
n incom
ple
te
reag
ent)
at th
e c
orr
ect re
ag
ent.
Specific
deta
ils w
ill b
e g
iven in m
ark
schem
es.
For
exam
ple
, n
o c
red
it w
ou
ld b
e g
iven f
or
th
e c
yanid
e ion o
r C
N– w
hen t
he r
eag
ent
should
be
pota
ssiu
m c
yanid
e o
r K
CN
;
th
e h
ydro
xid
e ion o
r O
H– w
hen t
he r
eag
ent
should
be s
odiu
m h
ydro
xid
e o
r N
aO
H;
th
e A
g(N
H3) 2
+ ion w
hen the r
eag
ent
should
be T
olle
ns’ re
ag
ent (o
r am
monia
cal silv
er
nitra
te).
In
this
exam
ple
, no c
redit is g
iven f
or
the
ion,
but cre
dit c
ould
be g
iven f
or
a c
orr
ect
observ
ation f
ollo
win
g o
n fro
m t
he u
se o
f th
e ion.
Specific
deta
ils w
ill b
e g
iven in m
ark
schem
es.
In the e
vent th
at
a c
andid
ate
pro
vid
es, fo
r exam
ple
, b
oth
KC
N a
nd c
yanid
e ion,
it w
ould
be u
sual to
ig
nore
the r
efe
rence t
o t
he c
yanid
e ion (
because
this
is n
ot
contr
adic
tory
) and c
redit t
he K
CN
. S
pecific
deta
ils w
ill b
e g
iven in m
ark
schem
es.
F.
Oxid
ati
on
sta
tes
In
genera
l, the s
ign f
or
an o
xid
ation s
tate
will
be a
ssum
ed t
o b
e p
ositiv
e u
nle
ss s
pecific
ally
show
n t
o b
e n
eg
ative.
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
23
G.
Mark
ing
calc
ula
tio
ns
In
genera
l
A
corr
ect answ
er
alo
ne w
ill s
core
fu
ll m
ark
s u
nle
ss t
he n
ecessity t
o s
how
work
ing is s
pecific
ally
req
uired in the q
uestion.
A
n a
rith
metic e
rror
may r
esult in a
one m
ark
penalty if fu
rther
work
ing is c
orr
ect.
A
chem
ical err
or
will
usually
result in a
tw
o m
ark
penalty.
H
. O
rgan
ic r
eacti
on
mech
an
ism
s
C
urly a
rrow
s s
hould
orig
inate
either
from
a lone p
air o
f ele
ctr
ons o
r fr
om
a b
ond
.
Th
e f
oll
ow
ing
rep
resen
tati
on
s s
hould
not g
ain
cre
dit a
nd
will b
e p
en
ali
sed
each
tim
e w
ithin
a c
lip.
CH
3B
rC
H3
Br
CH
3B
r..
..
OH
O
H..
__
:
For
exam
ple
, th
e f
ollo
win
g w
ould
score
zero
mark
s
H3C
CH H
Br
HO
W
hen the c
urly a
rrow
is s
how
ing
the form
ation o
f a b
ond t
o a
n a
tom
, th
e a
rrow
can g
o d
irectly t
o t
he r
ele
vant
ato
m,
alo
ng
sid
e t
he r
ele
vant
ato
m o
r m
ore
th
an
half
-way t
ow
ard
s the r
ele
vant
ato
m.
In fre
e-r
adic
al substitu
tion
T
he a
bsence o
f a r
adic
al dot should
be p
enalis
ed o
nce o
nly
within
a c
lip.
T
he u
se o
f double
-headed a
rrow
s o
r th
e incorr
ect use o
f half-h
eaded a
rrow
s in fre
e-r
adic
al m
echanis
ms s
hould
be
penalis
ed o
nce o
nly
within
a c
lip
In m
ass s
pectr
om
etr
y f
ragm
enta
tion e
quations, th
e a
bsence o
f a r
adic
al dot
on t
he m
ole
cula
r io
n a
nd o
n the fre
e-r
adic
al fr
agm
ent w
ould
be c
onsid
ere
d
to b
e t
wo independent
err
ors
and b
oth
would
be p
enalis
ed if
they o
ccurr
ed w
ithin
the s
am
e c
lip.
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
24
I.
Org
an
ic s
tru
ctu
res
In
genera
l
D
ispla
yed f
orm
ula
e m
ust show
all
of
the b
onds a
nd a
ll of
the a
tom
s in t
he m
ole
cule
, but
need n
ot show
corr
ect bond a
ng
les.
B
onds s
hould
be d
raw
n c
orr
ectly b
etw
een t
he r
ele
vant
ato
ms. T
his
princip
le a
pplie
s in a
ll cases w
here
the a
ttached f
unctional gro
up c
onta
ins
a c
arb
on a
tom
, e.g
nitrile
, carb
oxylic
acid
, ald
ehyde a
nd a
cid
chlo
ride. T
he c
arb
on
-carb
on b
ond s
hould
be c
learly s
how
n.
Wro
ng
ly b
onded
ato
ms w
ill b
e p
enalis
ed o
n e
very
occasio
n. (
see t
he e
xam
ple
s b
elo
w)
T
he s
am
e p
rincip
le s
hould
als
o b
e a
pplie
d t
o the s
tructu
re o
f alc
ohols
. F
or
exam
ple
, if c
andid
ate
s s
how
the a
lcohol fu
nctional gro
up a
s C
─
HO
, th
ey s
hould
be p
enalis
ed o
n e
very
occasio
n.
Latitu
de s
hould
be g
iven to the r
epre
senta
tion o
f C
─ C
bonds in a
lkyl gro
ups, g
iven t
hat
CH
3─
is c
onsid
ere
d to b
e inte
rchang
eable
with
H3C
─
even t
houg
h t
he latt
er
would
be p
refe
rred.
S
imila
r la
titu
de
should
be g
iven t
o the r
epre
senta
tion o
f am
ines w
here
NH
2─
C w
ill b
e a
llow
ed,
althoug
h H
2N
─ C
would
be p
refe
rred.
P
oor
pre
senta
tion o
f vert
ical C
─ C
H3 b
onds o
r vert
ical C
─ N
H2 b
onds s
hould
no
t be p
enalis
ed. F
or
oth
er
functional g
roups, such a
s ─
OH
and ─
CN
, th
e lim
it o
f to
lera
nce is t
he h
alf-w
ay p
ositio
n b
etw
een t
he v
ert
ical bond a
nd the r
ele
vant ato
ms in the a
ttached g
roup.
By w
ay o
f ill
ustr
ation, th
e f
ollo
win
g w
ould
apply
.
CH
3C
C
CH
3
C CH
3C
H2
all
ow
ed
all
ow
ed
not
allo
wed
NH
2C
C
NH
2
NH
2
N
H2
OH
C
C
OH
all
ow
ed
all
ow
ed
all
ow
ed
all
ow
ed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
25
CN
C
C
CN
CO
OH
C
C
CO
OH
C
CO
OH
no
t allo
wed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
CH
OC
C
CH
O
C
CH
O
CO
Cl
C
C
CO
Cl
C
CO
Cl
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
not
allo
wed
In
most cases, th
e u
se o
f “s
ticks”
to r
epre
sent
C ─
H b
onds in a
str
uctu
re s
hould
no
t be p
enalis
ed. T
he e
xceptions w
ill inclu
de s
tructu
res in
mechanis
ms w
hen t
he C
─ H
bond is e
ssential (e
.g.
elim
ination r
eactions in h
alo
alk
anes)
and w
hen a
dis
pla
yed f
orm
ula
is r
eq
uir
ed.
S
om
e e
xam
ple
s a
re g
iven h
ere
of
str
uctu
res f
or
specific
com
pounds that should
no
t g
ain
cre
dit
C
H3C
OH
fo
r eth
anal
CH
3C
H2H
O
for
eth
anol
OH
CH
2C
H3
for
eth
anol
C2H
6O
fo
r eth
anol
CH
2C
H2
for
eth
ene
CH
2.C
H2
for
eth
ene
CH
2:C
H2
for
eth
ane
N.B
. E
xceptions m
ay b
e m
ade in the c
onte
xt
of bala
ncin
g e
quations
E
ach o
f th
e f
ollo
win
g s
ho
uld
gain
cre
dit
as a
ltern
atives t
o c
orr
ect re
pre
senta
tions o
f th
e s
tructu
res.
C
H2 =
CH
2
for
eth
ene, H
2C
=C
H2
CH
3C
HO
HC
H3
for
pro
pan-2
-ol, C
H3C
H(O
H)C
H3
Mark
Sch
em
e –
Ge
ne
ral C
ert
ific
ate
of
Ed
uca
tio
n (
A-l
eve
l) C
hem
istr
y –
Un
it 4
: K
ine
tics,
Eq
uili
bria
an
d O
rgan
ic C
hem
istr
y –
Ja
nu
ary
201
1
26
J.
Org
an
ic n
am
es
A
s a
genera
l princip
le,
non
-IU
PA
C n
am
es o
r in
corr
ect
spelli
ng o
r in
com
ple
te n
am
es s
hould
no
t g
ain
cre
dit.
Som
e illu
str
ations a
re g
iven h
ere
.
but-
2-o
l should
be b
uta
n-2
-ol
2-h
ydro
xybuta
ne
should
be b
uta
n-2
-ol
buta
ne-2
-ol
should
be b
uta
n-2
-ol
2-b
uta
nol
should
be b
uta
n-2
-ol
2-m
eth
pro
pan-2
-ol
should
be 2
-meth
ylp
rop
an
-2-o
l
2-m
eth
ylb
uta
n-3
-ol
should
be 3
-meth
ylb
uta
n-2
-ol
3-m
eth
ylp
enta
n
should
be 3
-meth
ylp
en
tan
e
3-m
yth
ylp
enta
ne
should
be 3
-meth
ylp
en
tan
e
3-m
eth
ypenta
ne
should
be 3
-meth
ylp
en
tan
e
pro
panitrile
should
be p
rop
an
en
itri
le
am
ineth
ane
should
be e
thyla
min
e (
althoug
h a
min
oeth
ane c
an g
ain
cre
dit)
2-m
eth
yl-
3-b
rom
obuta
ne
should
be
2-b
rom
o-3
-meth
ylb
uta
ne
3-b
rom
o-2
-meth
ylb
uta
ne
should
be
2-b
rom
o-3
-meth
ylb
uta
ne
3-m
eth
yl-
2-b
rom
obuta
ne
should
be
2-b
rom
o-3
-meth
ylb
uta
ne
2-m
eth
ylb
ut-
3-e
ne
should
be 3
-meth
ylb
ut-
1-e
ne
diflu
oro
dic
hlo
rom
eth
ane
should
be d
ich
loro
dif
luo
rom
eth
an
e
