Applying the Applying the NumbersNumbers

Chapter 8Chapter 8

5 major trends5 major trends

Geographers find 5 Geographers find 5 trends when looking at trends when looking at world populationsworld populations

1. 1. Large and Growing Large and Growing LargerLarger

World population is growing at a World population is growing at a rapid raterapid rate

Approx. 80 million people are Approx. 80 million people are added every 12 monthsadded every 12 months

It is estimated that the world’s It is estimated that the world’s population will stabilize at about population will stabilize at about 11 billion in 210011 billion in 2100

2. 2. Growing population Growing population disparitydisparity

Growing gap between population Growing gap between population sizes of MDC’s vs. LDC’ssizes of MDC’s vs. LDC’s

MDC have smaller population, MDC have smaller population, LDC have larger populationsLDC have larger populations

Eg. 1990 4.1 billion lived in LDC Eg. 1990 4.1 billion lived in LDC and 1.2 billion in MDCand 1.2 billion in MDC

2 factors that contribute to this:2 factors that contribute to this:

a)a) Rapid improvements in health Rapid improvements in health care and sanitation in LDC which care and sanitation in LDC which allows people to live longer but allows people to live longer but keeps birth rates highkeeps birth rates high

b)b) Large differences in age Large differences in age structures of countries (pop. structures of countries (pop. pyramids shapes). MDC = pyramids shapes). MDC = stationary, LDC = expansive stationary, LDC = expansive

3. 3. Declining growth/ Declining growth/ increasing increasing

numbersnumbers Birth rates are declining all over the Birth rates are declining all over the

world but population is still growingworld but population is still growing This is because more and more This is because more and more

women are entering their child women are entering their child bearing years therefore creating bearing years therefore creating more childrenmore children

This is called a This is called a demographic demographic momentummomentum

4. 4. Changing Age Changing Age StructureStructure % of those over the age of 65 has % of those over the age of 65 has

increased significantly and % of increased significantly and % of those under the age of 15 has those under the age of 15 has decreaseddecreased

Mostly found in MDC’sMostly found in MDC’s Demographers expect this trend to Demographers expect this trend to

spread to all countries of the world spread to all countries of the world eventually the older population out eventually the older population out number the youngernumber the younger

5. Move to the cities5. Move to the cities

UrbanizationUrbanization – movement of – movement of people to live in citiespeople to live in cities

See mostly in MDC’s but LDC’s See mostly in MDC’s but LDC’s are catching upare catching up

Why would this be a problem??Why would this be a problem??

Population Density Population Density and Distributionand Distribution

Population Population densitydensity = average number = average number of people living in a unit of landof people living in a unit of land– Eg. NS pop. Density = 17.3/ squared kmEg. NS pop. Density = 17.3/ squared km

Population Population distributiondistribution = describes = describes where these people livewhere these people live– Eg. urban or ruralEg. urban or rural

Arithmetic Population Arithmetic Population DensityDensity

Number of people in a certain area of Number of people in a certain area of landland

Most common is squared km or milesMost common is squared km or miles Divide the total number of people by the Divide the total number of people by the

total area of the countrytotal area of the country Eg. Canada = 30 600 000 people / 9 220 Eg. Canada = 30 600 000 people / 9 220

970 squared km = 3.3 people / squared 970 squared km = 3.3 people / squared kmkm

Used to compare countries on how Used to compare countries on how crowded they arecrowded they are

Find the Arithmetic Find the Arithmetic Population density for the Population density for the following…following… Botswana- Population = 1 400 000Botswana- Population = 1 400 000

Total Area = 566 730Total Area = 566 730 Italy- Population = 57 700 000Italy- Population = 57 700 000

Total Area = 294 060Total Area = 294 060 Mexico – Population = 97 500 000Mexico – Population = 97 500 000

Total Area = 1 908 690Total Area = 1 908 690 China – Population = 1 242 500 000China – Population = 1 242 500 000

Total Area = 9 291 000Total Area = 9 291 000

Arithmetic density can paint a Arithmetic density can paint a false picture of a countryfalse picture of a country

Think of Canada, our density = Think of Canada, our density = 3.3 which looks like our 3.3 which looks like our population is very spread out BUT population is very spread out BUT most Canadians live near the US most Canadians live near the US boarder. The rest of Canada is a boarder. The rest of Canada is a lot of uncultivated landlot of uncultivated land

Physiologic Population Physiologic Population DensityDensity Number of people in a country Number of people in a country

compared to areas of cultivated landcompared to areas of cultivated land Cultivated land = land that is usedCultivated land = land that is used This allows one to calculate This allows one to calculate

population density more accuratelypopulation density more accurately Physiologic density = pop. / Physiologic density = pop. /

cultivated area (km squared)cultivated area (km squared)

ExampleExample

Canada’s population = 30 600 000Canada’s population = 30 600 000 Canada’s cultivated area = 455 000Canada’s cultivated area = 455 000

Physiologic density= Physiologic density= 30 600 00030 600 000

455 000455 000

= 67.3 people / km squared= 67.3 people / km squared

Calculate the physiologic Calculate the physiologic population density for the population density for the following…following…

Botswana – Cultivated area = 4 Botswana – Cultivated area = 4 200200

Italy- Cultivated area = 111 430Italy- Cultivated area = 111 430 Mexico- Cultivated area= 247 300Mexico- Cultivated area= 247 300 China- Cultivated area = 957 820China- Cultivated area = 957 820

Population DistributionPopulation Distribution

How people have arranged How people have arranged themselves on the landthemselves on the land

Closely related to the physical Closely related to the physical geography of landgeography of land

People tend to settle first where they People tend to settle first where they can survive and second where they can survive and second where they can prospercan prosper

Eg. living near a food source vs. living Eg. living near a food source vs. living farther away with access to farther away with access to transportation routestransportation routes

Pop. Distribution – Pop. Distribution – Economic Economic DevelopmentDevelopment Political heartlands are usually in Political heartlands are usually in

areas where there is the greatest areas where there is the greatest population concentrationpopulation concentration

People attracted to these areas People attracted to these areas b/c of economic and political b/c of economic and political opportunitiesopportunities

Case StudyCase Study

Turn to page 187- 190 in your Turn to page 187- 190 in your textstexts

Read the two case studies about Read the two case studies about Egypt and BangladeshEgypt and Bangladesh

Answer questions #3, 5, 6 on Answer questions #3, 5, 6 on page 190page 190