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Applied Poultry Nutrition
M.E. PersiaIowa State University
What are Nutrients Used For?
Growth (also called production or productive)
Increase in size of bones, muscles, internal organs etc…Preferential growth vital organs grow faster, followed by muscle tissue
(Schmidt et al, 2012)
Discussion Question
Why would a younger animal (smaller) be more efficient?
Utilization of EnergyGross Energy
Digestible EnergyFecal Energy
Metabolizable EnergyUrinary Energy
Net EnergyHeat Increment
Net EnergyProduction
Net Energy Maintenance
Poultry Nutrient RequirementsSpecies CP
(%)ME
(kcal/kg)Ca (%)
P(%)
Na (%)
Cl (%)
Vitamins Minerals
Broiler 1-3 wk 21 3000 1.0 .45 .2 .2 +++ +++
Broiler 4-5 wk 20 3100 .9 .35 .15 .15 ++ ++
Broiler 6-7 wk 18 3200 .8 .3 .12 .12 + +
Laying hen 15 2900 3.25 0.25 .15 .13 + +
Turkey 1-4 wk 28 2800 1.2 .6 .17 .15 +++ +++
Turkey 5-8 wk 26 2900 1.0 .5 .15 .14 +++ +++
Turkey 16-20 wk 16.5 3200 .65 .3 .12 .12 + +
Discussion QuestionSpecies CP
(%)ME
(kcal/kg)Ca (%)
P(%)
Na (%)
Cl (%)
Vitamins Minerals
Broiler 1-3 wk 23 3200 1.0 .45 .2 .2 +++ +++
Broiler 4-5 wk 20 3200 .9 .35 .15 .15 ++ ++
Broiler 6-7 wk 18 3200 .8 .3 .12 .12 + +
Laying hen 15 2900 3.25 0.25 .15 .13 + +
Turkey 1-4 wk 28 2800 1.2 .6 .17 .15 +++ +++
Turkey 5-8 wk 26 2900 1.0 .5 .15 .14 +++ +++
Turkey 16-20 wk 16.5 3200 .65 .3 .12 .12 + +
How Does Feed Intake affect nutrient requirements
What Do We Feed Poultry?Grains:
Oils: Soybean oil, Choice White Grease, Tallow, Poultry fat
Byproduct meals:
Vitamins and Minerals:Vitamin and Mineral premix
Diet FormulationIngredient CP ME Ca P Na Cl Vitamins Minerals
Corn 8 3350 - .1 - - low low
Soybean meal 48 2400 - .1 .2 - low low
Soy oil - 9000 - - - - - -
Limestone - - 38 - .05 - - low
Dical - - 16 21 .06 - - low
Salt - - .3 - 39 60 - low
Vitamins and minerals - - - - - - high high
Diet FormulationIngredient CP ME Ca P Na Cl Vitamins Minerals
Corn 8 3350 - .1 - - low low
Soybean meal 48 2400 - .1 .2 - low low
Soy oil - 9000 - - - - - -
Limestone - - 38 - .05 - - low
Dical - - 16 21 .06 - - low
Salt - - .3 - 39 60 - low
Vitamins and minerals - - - - - - high high
Totals 23 3200 1.0 .45 .4 .4 +++ +++
50%
40%
6.0%
1.7%
1.8%
0.3%
0.2%
100%
Diet FormulationIngredient CP ME Ca P Na Cl Vitamins Minerals
Corn 8 3350 - .1 - - low low
Soybean meal 48 2400 - .1 .2 - low low
Soy oil - 9000 - - - - - -
Limestone - - 38 - .05 - - low
Dical - - 16 21 .06 - - low
Salt - - .3 - 39 60 - low
Vitamins and minerals - - - - - - high high
Totals 23 3200 1.0 .45 .4 .4 +++ +++
50%
40%
6.0%
1.7%
1.8%
0.3%
0.2%
100%
Species CP (%)
ME Ca (%)
P(%)
Na (%)
Cl (%)
Vitamins Mineral
Broiler 1-3 wk 23 3200 1.0 .45 .2 .2 +++ +++
Considerations for Broiler Nutrition
Large feed complexes
Sourcing materials
All diets are pelleted
Increased feed efficiency
Considerations for Broiler Nutrition
Immature birds
6 to 7 wks to market18 wks to maturityMicroflora not set until 10 dEnzyme production not maximized until 2 wk
Discussion Question
Why is lighting important for poultry nutrition?
Considerations for Layer NutritionMature birds
18 to 110 wksCan handle more complex dietsLittle growth
Reproduction
Laying hens egg productionVery high calcium requirement. Why?
Large egg75 calories of ME7.5g of crude protein2g of calcium
Considerations for Turkey NutritionFaster initial growth rate than broilers
Higher amino acids (protein) requirementsHigher P and Ca requirements - why?
Hens 16-18 wks for 30 lbsToms 20-22 wks for 45 lbs
