184

APPENDIX 1

SPECIFICATION OF THE COMPONENTS USED IN THE

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP

AUTOMOBILE AIR CONDITIONING CALORIMETRIC TEST RIG

1. Compressor

Open type - Belt driven – reciprocating.

Make : Sanden Inc.

Model : SD507

Lubricant : Mineral oil

Displacement volume : 108cc

Cooling Capacity : 1.5 TR

Power supply (Clutch) : 12 V DC

2. Evaporator

Plate Fin and Tube – Dry expansion type.

Make : Unicala / Super king III

Number of rows : 7

Material : Aluminum

Tube outer diameter : 11.44 mm

Thickness : 0.48 mm

Length of the tube : 12.94 m

Overall dimensions : 396 135 115 mm3.

3. Condenser

Plate Fin and Tube – Air-cooled condenser.

185

Make : Showa / Unicla

Number of rows : 1

Material : Aluminum

Tube dimensions : 19.2 5 mm

Length of the tube : 6.44 m

Overall dimensions : 460 350 19.2 mm3

4. Expansion Device

Internally equalized TXV.

Make : Unicala

Cooling capacity : 1.5TR

5. Room Calorimetric ChamberInner dimensions : 2032 2032 1016 mm3

Material : Treated Plywood

Insulation : 5mm Thermorex

Circulation Fan : 40W, 1440 rpm

Heater load : 6000 W

6. Charging Kit

Make : Refco

Vacuum pump type : Two stage, reciprocating

Vacuum capacity : one mbar

Weighing balance : Electronic type, 0.1g accuracy

INSTRUMENTS USED

1. Mass Flow Meter:

Make : Micro motion

Model : F1700

Temperature range : -50 C to +125 C

186

Uncertainty range : 0.25%

Principle : Coriolis

Power supply : 85 to 265 V, AC

2. RTDs:

Type : Film Type, PT100

Accuracy : 0.15 C

Temperature range : -50 C to +200 C

3. Pressure Gauges:

Make : Proex

Least Count : 0.1 bar

Pressure range : 0 to 20 bar

Accuracy : 0.5% FSD

4. Pressure Transducer:

Make : CAREL – Italy

Range : 0 to 30 bar

Output : 4 to 20 mAmps, DC

Accuracy : 0.25%

5. Data logger:

Make : Agilent 34070A – Singapore

Scanning Frequency : 60 Channels per second

6. Watt meter:

Make : Nippen

Power Supply : 3 Phase, 415 V

Accuracy : 0.5%

187

APPENDIX 2

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS

The uncertainty in measurements is expressed in the following way.

and its uncertainty is expressed as

Zi Zi Zi (A2.1)

based on the standard deviation, the number of samples and the confidence

level. In a single experiment, the result R is a function of ‘n’ independent

variable and it may be represented by

1 2 3( , , ,......... )nR R Z Z Z Z (A2.2)

The combined uncertainty of is given by the mean square

method (Klien and McClintok 1953, Holman 2000).

122 2 2

1 21 2

......... nn

R R RR Z Z ZZ Z Z

(A2.3)

Further, if the result function takes the form of a product of the

respective primary variables, the uncertainty is expressed as (Holman 2000)

12 22 2 2

31 2

1 2 3

......... n

n

Z ZR Z ZR Z Z Z Z

(A2.4)

188

The actual COP of the system was normally calculated from the

equations presented below:

actac

com

QCOPW

(A2.5)

act he hlQ Q Q (A2.6)

( ) ( , )hl p CIAT EIATQ mc T T f V T (A2.7)

,( , , , , , , , )he he md eo cni eo cni EIAT EIAVQ f Q T T P P T T N (A2.8)

,( , , , , , , , )c md s d s d CIAT CIAVWc f W T T P P T T N (A2.9)

12 2 2 2 2

hl

hl

Q L He T tQ L He T t

(A2.10)

12 2 2 2 2 2

,

,

22 2

he md ei eo ei eo

he md ei eo ei eohe

heEIAVEIAT

EIAT EIAV

Q T T P PQ T T P PQ

Q TT NT T N

(A2.11)

122 2

,,

act actact hl he m

hl he m

Q QQ Q QQ Q

(A2.12)

189

12 2 2 2 2 2

,

,

2 2 2

c md S d S d

c md S d S d

CIAT CIAV

CIAT CIAV

W T T P PW T T P PWc

Wc T T NT T N

(A2.13)

12 2 2

act act c

act act c

COP Q WCOP Q W

(A2.14)

UNCERTAINTY ANALYSIS CALCULATION

The following typical values are considered for uncertainty calculation:

TCIAT = 38 0.15 C TEIAT = 27 0.15 C Teo = 5.86 0.15 C

Td = 81 0.15 C Peo = 2.00 0.05 bar Pd = 15.5 0.05bar

Qhe = 2831 14W Wc = 1292 6 W Qhl = 45 W

COPact = 2.63 N = 1500 rpm

Substituting the values in equation A2.10

Qhl/Qhl = 1.1% = 45 0.5 W

Substituting the values in equation A2.11

Qhe/Qhe = 2.9% = 2831 84 W

Substituting the values in equation A2.12

Qact/Qact = 3.16 % = 2876 91 W

190

Substituting the values in equation A2.13

Wc/Wc = 3.1% = 1144 36 W

Substituting the values in equation A2.14

COP = 4% = 2.19 0.09

In the considered typical operating conditions, the uncertainty in COP is

found to be 2.19 0.09.

191

192

193

194

195

196

197

198

199

APPENDIX 4

Temperature – Time plot during Heat infiltration

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

0 1000 2000 3000 4000Time (s)

Figure A4.1 Variation in cabin temperature with respect to time

Table A4.1 Temperature-time variation during heat infiltration

Temperature C

Time s

18 0.0 19 2.5 20 17.9 21 40.2 22 66.5 23 96.6 24 129.225 166.426 211.527 273.628 365.029 500.030 725.031 1070.0 32 1580.0 33 2390.0 34 3635.0

200

201

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