THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK

are issues with no maturity and noncall-able, the danger being that if contracted when interest rates are high there is no way of refunding it when money becomes cheaper.

Tax Cushion. The chemical industry has a cushion in the excess profits tax so that if business slumps, the effect on savings will not be marked, the speaker noted. If a company earns $100 before taxes, pres­ent rates could take up to 7 0 % of this or $70, leaving $30 after taxes. Shook, the pretax figure drop to $65, the regular 52% rate would apply, plus a smaller excess profit impost, leaving 27 cents net income out of each dollar of pretax profits. The excess profits tax expires automatically June 30, 1953, meaning a boost of 6 0 % in net income for chemicals.

The speaker advocated stock purchases plans for employees among chemical com­panies, pointing out that if the price of a stock declines there is a bad reaction among holders. However the value of such programs outweighs disadvantages. Stock ownership in the same company gives workers an added incentive to work well.

Moreover, there is little danger tha t a na­tion whose industries are owned by a large body of stockholders will go Com­munist. Dow has gone far in employee ownership; others should emula te them.

Genera l Business Cond i t ions . As to business generally, Pierce said, there has been a marked improvemen t t h e past few weeks though earn ings will show a lower net income than for the same 1951 period. There has been some reductions in divi­dends , while extras and year-end dis­tributions will b e smaller than usual.

Should a s lump arrive in the next sev­eral months it should b e on the pat tern of t he 1937 and 1 9 4 6 recession, h e declared. A full-scale depress ion does not seem likely. There a r e indications that the Democrats are wi l l ing to let t he excess profits tax expire and this would greatly emcourage business and venture capital might take up some slack which the eas­ing of the defense program will create. Effects of a Republ ican victory would be largely psychological and could serve as a stimulus to business . Of course the men in Moscow call t h e tune , Pierce concluded.

C&EN REPORTS: American Pharmaceutical Association

APhA Given Complete Laboratory During Centennial Celebration

Future p rogram calls for l icensing pharmacists ' procedures reforms in nomenclature

W A S H I N G T O N , D. C . -Oc t . 7, 1952, 100 years to the day from the establishment of the American Pharmaceutical Associa­tion, was marked by a centennial celebra­tion held here. The program included speakers who traced the development of the pharmaceutical profession, its present status, and the challenges of the future. A symposium was held on the question of modifying the code of ethics to prevent misunderstanding with the medical pro­fession and the drug industry.

A high light of the meeting was the presentation by Chester G. Fisher, Fisher Scientific Co., of several complex elec­tronic laboratory instruments for use in APhA's research laboratory.

100th Anniversary . A feature of the APhA meet ing was the transmittal of the centennial anniversary dinner speeches over a closed telephone circuit to an esti­mated 12,000 members in 56 cities. "Din­ner speakers wen· Admiral II. L·. Pugh, Surgeon General, U. S. Navy; Theodore C. Klumpp, Winthrop Stearns, inc., and Robert P. Fischelis, APhA.

Adm. Pugh paid tribute to the pharma­ceutical profession ior its efforts in na­tional defense. Foreign wars, he said, have posed serious problems in the form of new diseases whose cures tax the re­search abilities of this nation. The chal­lenge is being met as evidenced by the

progress made in fighting intestinal dis­ease, malaria, sc rub typhus , gas gangrene, tuberculosis, a n d rheumatic fever. Devel­opment of synthet ic narcotics and plasma

substitutes extenders are other notable developments .

Other evidence of progress is the greatly reduced fatality rate of a rmed forces per­sonnel injured in Korea. This is be ing accomplished with the aid of p h a r m a ­ceutical services manpower and products of t he pharmaceut ica l industry.

Dr . Klumpp said that a l though APhA is one of the oldest professional organiza­tions in the U. S., it is one of t h e most progressive. T h e association and its mem­bers have he lped this nation attain its present high heal th levels. H e noted, for example, tha t life expectancy is now 68 years compared with 49 years at t h e turn of t h e century. He also noted t ha t costs of medical care have actually been r e ­duced when it is realized tha t progress made in this field of science has elimi­nated many diseases, devised t rea tments to shorten the duration of others, and re­duced crippling effects.

Contrast ing t he progress m a d e in this nation in research and deve lopment lead­ing to improved conditions of publ ic health with the slow gains made in nat ions where medicine is socialized, Dr . K lumpp con­cluded that socialized medicine is not the means by which unsolved problems will be resolved.

For t h e Future . Dr. Fischelis outl ined the future program of APhA. Major items, lie said, include a need for h igher s tand­ards for the profession, licensing p ro ­cedures of pharmacists by state agencies which assure practical experience, im­provements in the publications program, reforms in nomenclature and terminology, close cooperation with government and nongovernment groups interested in this field, and maintenance of statistics and information for government and industry.

T h e many demands be ing m a d e on t h e

Ernest Little ( l e f t ) , American Pharmaceut ica l Association, receives p l a q u e from Chester G. F i s h e r , Fisher Scientific Co. , for the APhA laboratory. T h e p l a q u e commemora tes the gift of l abora tory equipment to APhA from the Fisher company

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4376 C H E M I C A L A N D E N G I N E E R I N G N E W S

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THE CHEMICAL WORLD THIS WEEK

association, he said, are posing a severe liiiancial strain. Additional funds are needed One possible solution, he feels, is the creation of a fund by the pharma­ceutical industry, to be used by an im­partial board to meet the financial needs of groups like APhA and others carrying on. medical and pharmaceutical research.

Code of Ethics. One of the basic fac­tors in carrying on the profession of phar­macy is a code ol ethics, K. (J. Richards, president of APhA, said in introducing the spc-akers on a symposium on inter- and intraproiessional ethics.

APhA's code, he added, is divided into three sections dealing with the relations of pharmacists to the public, to physicians, and to each other. In modifying the code to meet changing conditions and needs, the codes of related groups, especially the medical group, must be considered. A ι c-cent sur \ey, for example, showed that there was a lack of complete understand­ing between medicine and pharmacy.

Krnest Irons, past president of t he American Medical Association, in discuss­ing the medical profession's views, recog­nized the essentiality of the pharmacist in providing "custom tailored" medicines. T h e provalence of duplicate- products under separate names, be said, creates a problem both for the pharmacist and for d i e physician. Dr. Irons feels that com­petition among manufacturers and among t h e lay press sometimes leads to premature publicity before; new drugs can be ade­quately tested and evaluated. The effects of such publicity can be damaging to all c oncemed.

The pharmaceutical profession views were expressed by R. V. Robertson, of APhA's committee on professional rela­tions. Or. Robertson recommended the establishment of art interprofessional eoun-oil lo clarify and define codes of ethics.

Fisher Gift. In commemoration of the; 100th anniversary of APhA, Chester G. Fisher Fisher Scientific Co., presented APhA with a multithousand dollar gift of m u n i m e n t s for spcetiopholoinetric deter-mination, pl i rnej'<-iiremenl, automatic ti­tration, automatic seniimiero weighings, . md standaidizulinn via colorhuctry, fluor-Oinelly, and nephelometry. These instru­ments have be«-H placed in APhA's head-quarters in Washington. D. C . where they will be used tit carry on research to im­prove Irtial standards ior prescriptions which arc set forth in the U. S. Pharrna-copedia and the National Formulary.

In his presentation address. Dr. Fisher traced the development of pharmacy from the a'.:*· of alchemist to the atomic era. He noted that the chemical industry has a debt to the pharmaceutical i d u s t r y for its developments in the field of analytical chemistry and its progress in instrumenta-tion. New electronic instruments, he said, are making posible more rapid, mon- ac-curate, and more producing results than ever before. The new fields of standardi-zation opened by modern laboratory tools are will high endless.

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Β. Ε. Schaar (center), Schaar & Co., accepts 1952 Honor Scroll Award froum AIC presi­dent Lincoln T. Work. B. S. Fr iedman (left) is chairman of the AIC Chicago chapter C&EN REPORTS: American Institute of Chemists, Honor Award

Scientists Urged to Live Up To Civic Responsibility

Public relations is p robab ly the best answer to technical manpower storage CHICAGO.—Changes in our mode of life and in our international relations, result­ing from scientific discoveries and their particular applications, demand a greater measure of participation in public affairs than scientists and engineers formerly con­sidered to be within their province;, Β. Ε. Schaar declared here last week. The ave­nues of service through which professional people can participate in extra-profes­sional activities are legion, Schaar said, and it is only necessary for the scientist to select those paths which his inclinations and ability permit him to follow.

Occasion for these comments was the presentation to Schaar, president of Schaar & Co., of the 1952 Honor Scroll Award of the American institute of Chemists Chi­cago chapter. Since 1912, the award has been presented annually in recognition of distinguished service to chemistry. The scroll presented to Schaar stated that he had been selected because; ol his devo­tion to the interests of chemists as profes­sional men and as individuals, his untir­ing efforts in advancing the profession of chemistry, his years of service to tech­nical societies, and his sincere efforts as a citizen to help make a better community.

Γη seeling out some of the broad ave­nues by which he c m contribute to publie understanding, and well being, said Schaar, the scientist probably will find that the fir t and most easily accessible is the pxo-

fessional society to which he belongs. This obligation, however, is primarily to the profession itself, Schaar sa id ; it is out­side the profession tha t t h e scientist is most likely to lag in his public duty.

Understanding Science. High on the list of the scientists' obligations, and one in which every scientist shoudd participate, said Schaar, is the improvement of under­standing between scientists and the lay public. Well organized publ ic relations groups such as the ACS News Service, radio and television programs which pub­licize scientific topics, editorials in tech­nical and other publications, and sym­posia devoted to public relations aspects of professional endeavor, h e said, are all of great value in informing the public about the accomplishment of scientists and engineers. Such efforts increase scien­tists' prestige, and therefore their useful­ness. To these organized efforts, said St hair, the individual scientist can and should add bis personal par t in striving to raise the status of the profession in the community.

Technical society councils, as organs through which societies cooperate in pur­suing objectives beyond the scope or means of the individual societies, can span the gaj) between the technieal programs ol the; societies and their relation to the community. Such councils οffer unlimited possibilities ,h media for informing the

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