Apartheid Notes

5/20/2018 Apartheid Notes

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APARTHEID IN SOUTH AFRICA


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WHAT IS APARTHEID?

Definition: Social and political policy of racial segregation anddiscrimination, enforced by white minority governments in

South Africa from 1948-1994

Apartheid = apartness(in Afrikaans)


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BEGINNING OF APARTHEID

The policy itself goes back to 1650s with the arrival of the

Dutch and the British

1930s: The termapartheidis created and widely spread

1940s: apartheid is the National Partys slogan

1948: Afrikaner Nationalists come into power and put

apartheid into action as the law


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APARTHEID IN ACTION

1950: Population Registration Act is put into place

4 racial categories are created:1. White

2. Colored(mixed race)

3. Bantu(Black African)

4.

Asian(Indians and Pakistanis) Group Areas Act of 1950: Assigns races to different residential

sections to keep people separated 3.5 million non-whites are

removed from their homes and placed into segregated

neighborhoods


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SEPARATE & UNEQUAL

Segregated housing,education, medical

care

Black citizens must

carry papers Mixed marriages/

relations are illegal

Blacks cannot own

land Blacks cannot own

businesses without

permits

Blacks were purposefully givennotably inferior resources than

whites


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POLICE BRUTALITY & ENFORCEMENT


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OPPOSITION TO APARTHEID

Black political groups being vocalizing their opposition(violence, strikes, demonstrations)

International community denounces apartheid in South Africa

1985: US and Great Britain develop economic sanctions against

South Africa until further notice


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SOWETO PROTESTSJune 16, 1976 response to teaching in Afrikaans


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ANTI APARTHEID LEADERS

DONALD WOODS GOVAN MBEKI

MARTIN THEMBISILE HANI

STEPHEN BANTU BIKO

NELSON MANDELA


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BANTU STEPHEN BIKO

December 18, 1946

September 12,

1977

Black is beautiful

A student leader who

creates the Black

Consciousness

Movement

Taken into police

custody and later

pronounced dead


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NELSON MANDELA

July 18, 1918

December 5, 2013

Served 27 years in

jail for conspiracy to

overthrow the state

President of African

National Congress

(1991-1997)

First generally

elected president of

South Africa

(1994-1999)


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THE OFFICIAL END OF APARTHEID

Early 1990s: President F.W. De Klerk begins to dismantle thesystem

First step of releasing imprisoned black leaders and activists

1994: Constitution is re-written and free, general elections are

held

First elected president was Nelson Mandela, elected by the

people

Documents

Apartheid Notes