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7/26/2019 AP8 Lecture 2
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Comer,Abnormal Psychology, 8e, DSM-5Update
Research inAbnormal Psychology
Chapter 2
Slides & Handouts by Karen Clay Rhines, h!D!American Public University System
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Research in AbnormalPsychology
Resear"h is the systemati" sear"h #or #a"tsthrou$h the use o# "are#ul obser%ations andin%esti$ations
t is the 'ey to a""ura"y in all (elds but it isparti"ularly important in the (eld o# abnormalpsy"holo$y
)heories and treatments that seem reasonable ande*e"ti%e in indi%idual instan"es may pro%e disastrous
+hen +idely applied nly by #ully testin$ a theory or te"hniue on
representati%e $roups o# indi%iduals "an "lini"ianse%aluate the a""ura"y, e*e"ti%eness, and sa#ety o# theirideas and te"hniues
2Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
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3Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
Research in AbnormalPsychology
Clini"al resear"hers #a"e "ertain "hallen$es thatma'e their +or' %ery di/"ult0 Measurin$ un"ons"ious moti%es
.ssessin$ pri%ate thou$hts Monitorin$ mood "han$es
Cal"ulatin$ human potential
Clini"al resear"hers must "onsider di*erent"ultural ba"'$rounds, ra"es, and $enders o# the
people they study )hey must al+ays ensure that the ri$hts o# their
resear"h parti"ipants, both human and animal,are not %iolated
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4Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
What Do ClinicalResearchers Do?
Clini"al resear"hers try to dis"o%er uni%ersal la+s,or prin"iples, o# abnormal psy"holo$i"al#un"tionin$0 Sear"h #or nomotheti" understandin$
1eneral or uni%ersal la+s or truths
Do not typi"ally assess, dia$nose, or treat indi%idual"lients - that is the ob o# "lini"al pra"titioners, +ho see'an idio$raphi", or indi%idualisti", understandin$ o#abnormal beha%ior
Rely on the s"ienti(" method to pinpoint relationshipsbet+een %ariables
Use three methods o# in%esti$ation to #orm and testhypotheses and to dra+ broad "on"lusions3
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5Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
The Case Study
ro%ides a detailed, interpretati%e des"ription o# aperson4s li#e and psy"holo$i"al problems
Can be a sour"e o# ne+ ideas about beha%ior
reud4s theories based mainly on "ase studies
May o*er tentati%e support #or a theory
May "hallen$e a theory4s assumptions
May sho+ the %alue o# ne+ therapeuti"te"hniues
May o*er opportunities to study unusualproblems
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6Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
The Case Study
Has limitations0
s reported by biased obser%ers
Relies on sube"ti%e e%iden"e Has lo+ internal %alidity
ro%ides little basis #or $enerali6ation
Has lo+ e7ternal %alidity
)hese limitations are addressed by thet+o other methods o# in%esti$ation3
T C M
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T e Corre at ona Met oand
The Experimental Method Do not o*er ri"hness o# detail
Do allo+ resear"hers to dra+ broad"on"lusions
re#erred method o# "lini"al in%esti$ation
)ypi"ally in%ol%e obser%in$ many indi%iduals
Resear"hers apply pro"edures uni#ormly
Studies "an be repli"ated
Resear"hers use statisti"al tests to analy6eresults
7Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
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The Correlational Method
Correlation is the de$ree to +hi"h e%entsor "hara"teristi"s %ary +ith ea"h other
)he "orrelational method is a resear"h
pro"edure used to determine the "o-relationship9 bet+een %ariables
)he people "hosen #or a study are itssube"ts or parti"ipants, "olle"ti%ely"alled a sample
)he sample must be representati%e o# thelar$er population
8Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
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9Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,
DSM-5 Update
Most n!estigatedCorrelational "uestions in
Clinical Research .re stress and onset o# mental disorders related:
s "ulture ;or $ender or ra"e< $enerally lin'ed tomental disorders:
.re in"ome and mental disorders related: .re so"ial s'ills tied to mental disorders:
s so"ial support tied to mental disorders:
.re #amily "on=i"t and mental disorders related:
s treatment responsi%eness tied to "ulture: >hi"h symptoms o# a disorder disappear alto$ether:
Ho+ "ommon is a disorder in a parti"ular population:
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10Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,DSM-5 Update
Describing a Correlation
Correlational data "an be $raphed anda line o# best (t9 "an be dra+n
ositi%e "orrelation ;slope is up+ard andto the ri$ht< ? %ariables "han$e in thesame dire"tion
@e$ati%e "orrelation ;do+n+ard slope< ?
%ariables "han$e in the opposite dire"tion Unrelated ;no slope< ? no "onsistent
relationship
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11Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,DSM-5 Update
Positi!e Correlation
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12Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,DSM-5 Update
#egati!e Correlation
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13Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,DSM-5 Update
#o Correlation
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14Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,DSM-5 Update
Describing a Correlation
)he ma$nitude ;stren$th< o# a"orrelation is also important
Hi$h ma$nitude ? %ariables +hi"h %ary"losely to$etherA #all "lose to the line o#best (t
Bo+ ma$nitude ? %ariables +hi"h do not%ary as "losely to$etherA looselys"attered around the line o# best (t
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15Comer, .bnormal sy"holo$y, 8e,DSM-5 Update
Magnitude o$ Correlation
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Describing a Correlation
Dire"tion and ma$nitude o# a "orrelation areo#ten "al"ulated numeri"ally
)his statisti" is the "orrelation "oe/"ient,9
symboli6ed by the letter r9 )he "orrelation "oe/"ient "an %ary #rom !EE ;per#e"t
positi%e "orrelation< to -!EE ;per#e"t ne$ati%e"orrelation