Anthis: English 8

PARTS OF SPEECH

PRE-ASSESSMENT

Students will take pre-test. Students will grade their own pre-tests. Students will reflect on strengths and

weaknesses.

OPTIONS FOR TAKING NOTES

(These are in the order that I recommend.) 1. Notecards2. Cornell Style Upside-down Notebook 3. Cornell Style with Tabs

A person, place, thing, or idea.

Who likes really cheesy videos and songs that help you remember and learn new things? Yeah. Me too.

WHAT IS A NOUN?

(NOTES) NOUNS

common noun: a general name for a person, place, thing, or idea. Common nouns are usually not capitalized.

(guitarist, museum, lake, month)

proper noun: the name of a particular person, place, thing, or idea. A proper noun is always capitalized.

(Jimi Hendrix, National Paperclip Museum, Lake Meridian, September)

(NOTES) NOUNS

concrete noun: names an object that can be seen, heard, smelled, touched, or tasted

(book, chicken, apple, flag)

abstract noun: names an idea, quality, or state of being

(curiosity, pride, hunger, sadness)

(NOTES HONORS EXTENSION) NOUNS

collective noun: refers to a group of people of things

(audience, crowd, family, collection)

compound noun: made up of two or more nouns(airplane, parking lot, mother-in-law)

possessive noun: show ownership or relationship(the singer’s outfit, the singer’s brother)

(PRACTICE TOGETHER) NOUNS

Make two columns on your paper (common & proper). Capitalize proper nouns. Circle all the abstract nouns.

1. The rock and roll hall of fame in cleveland draws visitors from all over the world.2. This unusual museum honors musicians for their

creativity.3. The building was designed by i. m. pei, an

architect famous for his strikingly modern designs.4. Fans can spend days satisfying their curiosity by

watching videos and listening to recordings for the beetles.

NOW ON YOUR OWN.

TURN BACK TO CLASSWORK SECTION!!!!Heading:Classwork9-6-13Nouns Practice

Page 425-426-Boys do all odd numbers. -Girls do all even numbers. For part B, add circling abstract nouns to the

directions.

pronoun: a word that takes the place of a noun.

WHAT IS A PRONOUN?

(NOTES) PRONOUNS

antecedent: the word that a pronoun represents

personal pronoun: used as substitutes for proper or common nouns

(I, me, we, us, you, he, him, she, her, it, they, them)

possessive pronoun: show ownership or relationship

(my, mine, our, ours, your, yours, his, her, hers, its, their, theirs)

(NOTES) PRONOUNS

Ray and he wanted music talents to audition for the play.

Chiyo and I auditioned together. We both got lead parts.

Sonia delivered her famous monologue.

(PRACTICE) PRONOUNS

On your paper, write each pronoun and tell whether it is personal or possessive. Also for each pronoun write the antecedent if you know it.

1. Bernstein and Robbins convinced the songwriter Stephen Sondheim and the writer Arthur Laurents to work with them.

2. At first, Laurents intended to follow Shakespeare’s plot in Romeo and Juliet in every respect, but he later changed his mind.

3. The ending of West Side Story is slightly different from the ending of the famous tragedy on which it is based.

4. Like Romeo and Juliet, the modern play has a bitter feud and an unlikely romance at the center of its plot.

(NOTES – HONORS EXTENSION) PRONOUNS

reflexive pronoun: formed by adding “-self” or “selves” to personal pronoun forms. It reflects action back upon the subject.

(Donna prepared herself for a long day.)

intensive pronoun: also formed by adding “-self” or “selves” but adds emphasis to a noun or pronoun in the same sentence.

(The wait itself would take hours.)

(NOTES – HONORS EXTENSION) PRONOUNS

demonstrative pronoun: point out specific persons, places, things, or ideas adding element of time or space.

( this, these, that, those)

indefinite pronoun: does not refer to a specific person, place, or thing – usually does not have a antecedent.

(another, anybody, anything, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, much, neither, nobody, no one, nothing, one, somebody, someone, something, both, few, many, several, all, any, more, most, none, some.)

(NOTES – HONORS EXTENSION) PRONOUNS

interrogative pronoun: used to ask a question

(What is your favorite song?)

relative pronoun: used to introduce clauses

(The student didn’t know what he had to do.)

(PRACTICE – HONORS EXTENSION) PRONOUNS

Write each pronoun, it’s type, and identity its antecedent if it has one.

1. What is the best way to get good seats for a concert?2. A long wait in line is an experience that concertgoers

are likely to recognize.3. Someone gets up before dawn in order to be first in

line.4. The seats that go with the tickets turn out to be real

disappointments, however.5. A frustrated fan might well ask himself or herself why

this happens.

(EXTRA PRACTICE) PRONOUNS

Write each pronoun, it’s type, and identity its antecedent if it has one.

6. The best way to find out is to ask the ticket sellers themselves.

7. All agree that there is no special advantage to getting to the box office early.

8. Ticket agencies usually give out lottery numbers to determine the customers who get to buy tickets first.

9. As a result, people at the end of the line might get better seats than those at the front.

10. Nothing is more important than luck when people are trying to get good seats.

ON YOUR OWN (CORE)

In the classwork section of your notebook: Do page 439 with this change of

directions. (Boys odd, Girls even)A. Write down the pronouns from each of

the following sentences. Label either personal or possessive.

B. Make two columns and label them pronoun and antecedent.

(Also finish the noun practice from Friday.)

ON YOUR OWN (HONORS)

Do five from each of the following sections:(page 439: part A) label personal or possessive(page 440: part A)(page 443: part A)(page 445: part B)

A word that 1. Shows action or

2. States existence or 3. Links subject to another word

EVERY COMPLETE SENTENCE HAS ONE.

Cheesy video? Let’s vote.

WHAT IS A VERB?

(NOTES) VERBS

Action verb: expresses physical or mental action.

(The band marches onto the field.)(The audience expects a great

performance.)

(NOTES) VERBS

Linking verb: links the subject of a sentence to a word in the predicate. There are two groups of linking verbs: forms of to be, and verbs that express condition.

(The instruments are safe in the bus.)(The students seemed bored during the long trip.) Common linking verbs: is, am, are, was, were, been, beinglook, smell, feel, sound, taste, grow, appear,

become, seem, remain

(NOTES) VERBS

Auxiliary (helping) verb: are combined with verbs to form verb phrases.

(The stadium is filled to capacity.)(We should save a seat for Jeff.) Common Auxiliary Verbs: be, can, have,

may, might, must, shall, should, will, would

(PRACTICE TOGETHER)VERBS(1) Every November, bands from across the country

visit New York City for the big Thanksgiving Day parade. (2.) Even on cold days when strong winds or light rain might scare away spectators, the parade is on schedule. (3) The crowd lines the parade route and will stay until the last float has driven out of sight. (4) As bands strut down Broadway, drum majors pound their drums, members of color guards rhythmically wave their flags, and baton twirlers toss their batons into the air and catch them as they twirl downward to the ground. (5) Meanwhile, giant, colorful cartoon balloons like Betty Boop, Spiderman, and Bart Simpson, and other favorite characters are overhead.

TAKE OUT YOUR WORK FROM YESTERDAY Page 469 (Boys odd, girls even)Part B: Write down verbs and label action or linking Page 471 (Boys odd, girls even)Part A: This time every sentence also has an auxiliary verb. Write down all the verbs and label action, linking, or auxiliary.

Cheesy videos?

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

(NOTES) ADJECTIVES

adjective: modifies or limits the meaning of a noun or pronoun.

proper adjectives: formed from proper nouns, capitalized, and often ending in –n, -an, -ian, -ese, and –ish.

(Portuguese, American, Egyptian)

What Kind Which One How Many How Much

Famous song This star One dollar Some music

Squeaky noise That way Three tenors More room

Green light These words Several years Less energy

HOW DO I KNOW IF I’M LOOKING AT AN ADJECTIVE OR A PRONOUN???

EASY! An adjective has to be followed by a noun. A pronoun does not. Examples:

That car is the only one left? (adjective) That is the only one left? (demonstrative

pronoun) The car is the only one that is left? (relative

pronoun) Examples:

Some examples are tricky. (adjective) Some are tricky. (indefinite pronoun) Some of them are tricky. (indefinite pronoun)

(NOTES) ADVERBS

Adverb: modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Modifying verb: We instantly recognized…

Modifying adjective: …grew completely quiet.

Modifying adverb: …rang out quite clearly.

(NOTES) ADVERBSMore examples:

Adverbs formed by adding –ly: Frequent + ly = frequently extreme + ly =

extremely True + ly = truly possible + ly = possiblyIntensifiers: an adverb that defines a degree. extremely, most, just, more, nearly, quite, so, very,

only, really, too, somewhat,…

Where The student stopped here.

When Will they be returning soon?

How Everyone played magnificently.

To what extent

The auditorium was completely full.

(PRACTICE) ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS

Write each adjective and adverb in these sentences, along with the word it modifies. Some have been identified for you.

1. The word karaoke means “empty orchestra” in Japanese.

2. Beethoven tirelessly devoted himself to his music.3. Karaoke became a major trend in Japan and around

the world.4. Years ago, American television featured shows in

which people sang with a chorus in the background.5. The composer was terribly shocked to realize that he

was losing his hearing when he was in his late twenties.

(PRACTICE) ADJECTIVES/ADVERBS

Write each adjective and adverb in these sentences, along with the word it modifies. Some have been identified for you.

1. His condition gradually worsened.2. The machine is a Japanese invention.3. He often worked late.4. The concept is not a new one, however. . 5. In fact, his nocturnal piano playing made

him very unpopular with his more conventional neighbors.

ON YOUR OWN

English Notebooks: (boys odd, girls even)

Page 506: Part APage 510: Part APage 512: Part A

PREPOSITIONS, CONJUNCTIONS, AND INTERJECTIONS

(NOTES) PREPOSITIONS

preposition: shows relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in a sentence.

The sound of a jazz band… Music was coming from a radio.Commonly used prepositions: about, across, along, at, before,

below, beside, by, from, in, like, near, of, on, out, over, since, to under, up, upon, with, within, without…

(NOTES) PREPOSITIONS

compound preposition: prepositions that consist of more than one word

Louis Armstrong sang in addition to playing the trumpet.

Commonly used compound prepositions:

according to, aside from, because of, in place of, in addition to, instead of, out of, prior to…

(NOTES) PREPOSITIONS

prepositional phrase: consists of a preposition and its object, and any modifiers of the object.

object of preposition: the noun of pronoun that follows a preposition.

Many early jazz bands played in New Orleans.The sounds came from a radio.Musicians traveled to other large cities.During the 1920s, jazz swept the country.

(PRACTICE) PREPOSITIONS

For each sentence below, write each preposition.

1. Jazz is a modern form of music.2. Many musical styles contributed to its birth.3. Among these influences are gospel and the

blues.4. Rhythms from West Africa are also part of

jazz’s heritage. (2)5. In New Orleans, jazz was often played at

funerals. (2)6. During the early years of the 20th century,

jazz became popular as entertainment. (3)

(NOTES) CONJUNCTIONS / INTERJECTIONS

conjunctions: connects words or groups of words

coordinating: (and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet)

correlative: word pairs (both…and, either… or )

interjections: word or phrase used to express emotion.

(Yikes! Our project is due tomorrow.)(Well, where should we start?)

(PRACTICE) CONJUNCTIONS / INTERJECTIONS

Identify and label the conjunctions and/or interjections.

1. Wow! I think that’s perfect and I’m beginning to understand it.

2. No way! Either an all-video station would not attract enough viewers, or the producers would never fill the airtime.

3. These predictions seemed reasonable, but the skeptics turned out to be wrong.

4. Both singers and bands began to make more and more videos.

5. Um, I forgot all about that. Oops.

ON YOUR OWN

Page 533Parts A & B Page 541Part B

(EXTRA PRACTICE)

(1) I soon found out why old Chong had retired from teaching piano. (2) He was deaf. (3) “Like Beethoven!” he shouted to me. (4)“We’re both listening only in our head!” (5) And he would start to conduct his frantic silent sonatas.

(6) Our lessons went like this. (7) He would open the book and point to different things, explaining their purpose:“Key! Treble! Bass! No sharps or flats! (8) So this is C major! (9) Listen now and play after me!”

(10) And then he would play the C scale a few times, a simple chord, and then, as if inspired by an old, unreachable itch, he gradually added more notes . . . and a pounding bass until the music was really something quite grand.

(EXTRA PRACTICE) 1. What is the proper noun in sentence 1? 2. Is the verb in sentence 2 an action verb or a

linking verb? 3. What are the personal pronouns in sentence

3? 4. Is the noun in sentence 4 common or proper? 5. What are the adjectives in sentence 5? 6. What kind of pronoun is our in sentence 6? 7. What kind of verb is would in sentence 7? 8. Is this in sentence 8 a demonstrative or an

interrogative pronoun? 9. What are the verbs in sentence 9? 10. What are the adjectives in sentence 10?

(EXTRA PRACTICE) (Identify underlined words’ part of speech.)

A newspaper column from 1945 relates an amusing anecdote about Albert Einstein, the great mathematician and physicist. Einstein, (4) according to the account, played the violin as a hobby. One day, he invited Arthur Schnabel, a famous concert pianist, to join him in some informal music-making. While the two were playing a technically difficult Mozart sonata, Schnabel became quite frustrated. Finally, he could (8) neither concentrate nor control himself. He stopped playing, banged angrily on the keyboard, and exclaimed: “No, no, Albert. For heaven’s sake, can’t you count? One, two, three, four. . . .”