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ANSYS CFX Introduction Release 12.0 ANSYS, Inc. April 2009 Southpointe 275 Technology Drive ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008. Canonsburg, PA 15317 [email protected] http://www.ansys.com (T) 724-746-3304 (F) 724-514-9494

ANSYS CFX Introduction

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THIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETS AND ARECONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC

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Page 1: ANSYS CFX Introduction

ANSYS CFX Introduction

Release 12.0ANSYS, Inc.April 2009Southpointe

275 Technology Drive ANSYS, Inc. iscertified to ISO9001:2008.

Canonsburg, PA [email protected]://www.ansys.com(T) 724-746-3304(F) 724-514-9494

Page 2: ANSYS CFX Introduction

Copyright and Trademark Information

© 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution, or duplication is prohibited.

ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, Ansoft, AUTODYN, EKM, Engineering Knowledge Manager, CFX, FLUENT, HFSS and anyand all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registered trademarks or trademarks ofANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. ICEM CFD is a trademark used by ANSYS, Inc. underlicense. CFX is a trademark of Sony Corporation in Japan. All other brand, product, service and feature names or trademarksare the property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer Notice

THIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETS AND ARECONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES, OR LICENSORS. Thesoftware products and documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliates under a software licenseagreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and nature of use, compliance with exportinglaws, warranties, disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and other provisions. The software products and documentationmay be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only in accordance with the terms and conditions of that software license agreement.

ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008.

ANSYS UK Ltd. is a UL registered ISO 9001:2000 company.

U.S. Government Rights

For U.S. Government users, except as specifically granted by the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement, the use, duplication,or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions stated in the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreementand FAR 12.212 (for non-DOD licenses).

Third-Party Software

See the legal information in the product help files for the complete Legal Notice for ANSYS proprietary software and third-partysoftware. If you are unable to access the Legal Notice, please contact ANSYS, Inc.

Published in the U.S.A.

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Table of Contents1. ANSYS CFX Release Notes for 12.0 ................................................................................................................ 1

New Features and Enhancements ........................................................................................................ 1ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench ........................................................................................... 1ANSYS CFX in General ........................................................................................................... 1ANSYS CFX Documentation ..................................................................................................... 1CFX-Pre ................................................................................................................................ 2CFX-Solver ............................................................................................................................ 2CFD-Post ............................................................................................................................... 5

Incompatibilities: Improvements Resulting in Changes in Behavior ........................................................... 5CFX-Pre ................................................................................................................................ 5ANSYS CFX-Solver ................................................................................................................ 5ANSYS CFD-Post ................................................................................................................... 8

Beta Features .................................................................................................................................. 9ANSYS CFX in General ........................................................................................................... 9CFX-Pre ................................................................................................................................ 9CFX-Solver .......................................................................................................................... 10Additional Modeling Features .................................................................................................. 10ANSYS CFD-Post ................................................................................................................. 11

Class 3 Errors ................................................................................................................................ 13Known Limitations ......................................................................................................................... 13

ANSYS CFX in General ......................................................................................................... 14ANSYS CFX Documentation ................................................................................................... 14ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench ......................................................................................... 14CFD-Post in ANSYS Workbench .............................................................................................. 16CFX-Pre .............................................................................................................................. 16ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager .................................................................................................. 18CFX-Solver .......................................................................................................................... 18ANSYS CFD-Post ................................................................................................................. 21

2. Computational Fluid Dynamics ..................................................................................................................... 25The History of CFD ........................................................................................................................ 25The Mathematics of CFD ................................................................................................................ 25Uses of CFD ................................................................................................................................. 25CFD Methodology ......................................................................................................................... 26Creating the Geometry/Mesh ............................................................................................................ 28Defining the Physics of the Model ..................................................................................................... 28Solving the CFD Problem ................................................................................................................ 28Visualizing the Results in the Post-processor ....................................................................................... 28Further Background Reading ............................................................................................................ 29

3. Overview of ANSYS CFX ............................................................................................................................ 31The Structure of ANSYS CFX .......................................................................................................... 31CFX-Pre ...................................................................................................................................... 32CFX-Solver .................................................................................................................................. 32CFX-Solver Manager ...................................................................................................................... 33CFD-Post ..................................................................................................................................... 33Getting Started with ANSYS CFX ..................................................................................................... 33Running ANSYS CFX .................................................................................................................... 33CFX Help, Tutorials, and Reference Information .................................................................................. 34The Directory Structure of ANSYS CFX ............................................................................................ 34CFX File Types ............................................................................................................................. 34Starting ANSYS CFX Components from the Command Line ................................................................. 35Obtaining System Information with the cfx5info Command ................................................................... 36

4. Customizing ANSYS CFX ........................................................................................................................... 37ANSYS CFX Resource Configuration Files ........................................................................................ 37The Site-wide Configuration Files ..................................................................................................... 37User's Configuration Files ............................................................................................................... 37

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Syntax of CFX Resource Configuration Files ...................................................................................... 38Resources Set in cfx5rc Files ............................................................................................................ 38

5. Using the CFX Launcher .............................................................................................................................. 41Starting the CFX Launcher .............................................................................................................. 41

6. ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench .............................................................................................................. 43The ANSYS Workbench Interface ..................................................................................................... 43Toolbox ....................................................................................................................................... 44Project Schematic .......................................................................................................................... 45View Bar ...................................................................................................................................... 46Properties View ............................................................................................................................. 46Files View .................................................................................................................................... 47Sidebar Help ................................................................................................................................. 48Shortcuts (Context Menu Options) .................................................................................................... 48An Introduction to Workflow in ANSYS Workbench ............................................................................. 49Data Flow in Systems and Between Systems ....................................................................................... 51Design Exploration Interface ............................................................................................................ 51ANSYS CFX Tutorials and ANSYS Workbench .................................................................................. 52Tips on Using ANSYS Workbench .................................................................................................... 52General Tips ................................................................................................................................. 53Tips for CFX/Fluid Flow Systems ..................................................................................................... 53Tips for Parameters and Design Exploration ........................................................................................ 56

7. Help On Help ............................................................................................................................................ 59CFX Documentation Structure .......................................................................................................... 59Document Conventions ................................................................................................................... 59Spelling Conventions ...................................................................................................................... 60File and Directory Names ................................................................................................................ 60User Input .................................................................................................................................... 60Input Substitution ........................................................................................................................... 61Optional Arguments ....................................................................................................................... 61Long Commands ........................................................................................................................... 61Operating System Names ................................................................................................................ 61Accessing Online Help .................................................................................................................... 61If CHM Files Cannot be Accessed Over a Network ............................................................................... 62Adjusting Font Sizes in Online Help .................................................................................................. 62Using the Help Browser Index .......................................................................................................... 62Using the Search Feature ................................................................................................................. 62Bookmarking Useful Help Pages ....................................................................................................... 63

8. Contact Information .................................................................................................................................... 65How to Contact ANSYS Customer Service ......................................................................................... 65ANSYS Customer Portal ................................................................................................................. 65

9. Legal Notice Information ............................................................................................................................. 67GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL) ...................................................................................... 73Community Software License Agreement ........................................................................................... 77GNU LESSER GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (LGPL) ....................................................................... 81

Index ........................................................................................................................................................... 87

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ANSYS CFX Introduction

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Chapter 1. ANSYS CFX Release Notes for12.0

This section provides release notes for ANSYS CFX and CFD-Post Release 12.0:

• New Features and Enhancements (p. 1)

• Incompatibilities: Improvements Resulting in Changes in Behavior (p. 5)

• Beta Features (p. 9)

• Class 3 Errors (p. 13)

• Known Limitations (p. 13)

New Features and EnhancementsNew features and enhancements to ANSYS CFX and CFD-Post introduced in Release 12.0 are highlighted in thissection.

ANSYS CFX in ANSYS WorkbenchANSYS CFX and CFD-Post are supported in Release 12.0 of ANSYS Workbench, which is built on a new frameworkwhile leveraging the strength of ANSYS core applications, solvers, and associated tools with a new workflow andsimulation project management capability.

ANSYS CFX in GeneralMultiple Configurations and Re-Meshing

Multiple configurations can be defined to set up a continuous simulation during which the mesh topology or thephysics changes during a simulation. For configurations with re-meshing can be defined using either ICEM CFDreplay files, or a user defined mode where a script can be referenced to run external meshing processes or loadalternative mesh files. This new functionality is defined in CFX-Pre, but also carries through with additional relatedoptions in the CFX-Solver and CFX-Solver Manager, as well as CFD-Post. In the CFX-Solver, this includes theability to retain all possible data from input files used when interpolating from one mesh to another, and the possibilityof using multiple initial values files for interpolation. For CFD-Post, this means the option to post-process multipleconfigurations as a continuous transient run, when applicable.

ANSYS CFX DocumentationThere have been numerous incremental improvements to the organization and content of the user documentation,to improve clarity and make it more user-friendly. The default and context-sensitive help continues to use CHM(on Windows) and JAR (on UNIX) files, but the documentation in PDF files can be found directly from the Helpmenus of all ANSYS CFX components.

In addition to adapting the existing tutorials to take advantage of new features in ANSYS CFX and Release 12.0of ANSYS Workbench, there are new tutorials for ANSYS CFX including:

• Equilibrium and non-equlibrium predictions of steam flowing through an axial turbine

• Modeling of flow in a gear pump using immersed solids

• Calculation of a drop curve for cavitating flow in a pump

• Flow in a spray dryer

• Modeling of a coal combustor

• Modeling of flow in a steam jet

• Using CFD-Post for analyzing flow in a mixing elbow

• Postprocessing of flow in a centrifugal compressor using CFD-Post

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CFX-PreIn addition to supporting the various new physics models, numerous further additions and improvements have beenmade in CFX-Pre.

MaterialsAn enhancement to CFX-Pre in this release is the mechanism for defining materials used in a simulation, whichhas been modified with the aim of making material definition more flexible. Users now define a name for a fluidand then assign a material to it. This permits, for example, the material used in a simulation to be changed moreeasily, and also helps facilitate the definition of reacting mixtures.

CEL and Expression EditingA new extension is available for defining logical expressions, including support for conditional statements.

To aid in the definition of expressions, improvements have also been made to the presentation and syntax highlightingin the expression editor. In addition, existing expressions and variables are available on the right-click menu in theexpressions widget in all editors.

Execution ControlCFX-Pre can now optionally be used to edit or define most settings that traditionally have only been available inthe Solver Manager. In addition, there are now options to launch the solver and monitor a run directly, rather thanvisiting the ‘define run' panel in the solver manager.

Also now available at the same location is an option for node re-ordering, to change the order of the vertex datawritten for the solver and potentially improve the solver speed.

Mesh ManipulationAll mesh transformations can now be dynamically previewed to give immediate visual feedback on the definedaction before applying it. Transformations specific to turbomachinery meshes are also available in the general meshtransformation editor, as are scaling and reflecting of both the original mesh and copies of it.

Region PickingNew picking tools are available when selecting regions from the viewer. These are available in the ‘picking toolbar'when picking is commenced.

User Control for Boundary MarkersThe size and quantity of Boundary condition markers can now be controlled in the ‘Label and Markers' editor. Inaddition, quick access is provided to the marker visibility through the right click menu in the viewer. These settingsare stored in the preferences file.

Other ImprovementsVarious enhancements have been made in other areas, including: import and use of .cmdb files, remote enginemode, automatic domain interface creation, and mesh adaption.

CFX-SolverThis section highlights the new features supported in Release 12.0 of the CFX-Solver.

Efficiency and AccuracyA number of enhancements have been made in the core numerical algorithms, typically leading to improvementsin efficiency and accuracy in the range of 10-20% or more in comparison with the previous release.

A new iteratively bounded high resolution advection/transient scheme has been introduced, primarily to allow morerobust and accurate solution of turbulence quantities.

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Parallel improvements have been made in a number of areas. In the partitioning step, both the partition file sizesand partitioning times are dramatically reduced, and weighting factors have been made available for all partitioningmethods.

For transient rotor-stator simulations, the defaults are changed in an effort to significantly reduce memory usageand CPU time during the parallel run. A new partitioning method for transient rotor-stator cases has also been added.This method reduces the number of overlap vertices required for the parallel run by creating banded partitions alongthe domain interface while using one of the regular partitioning methods in the interior.

Immersed SolidsThis new option is available to more easily capture the effect of complex geometry motion on flow: meshes of solidregions can be defined as immersed solids, and the solver tracks the overlap of these immersed solids with thebackground fluid mesh. In regions of overlap, the fluid flow is given the velocity of the solid, thereby having thepresence and/or motion of the solid influence the flow. This method of capturing the interaction between fluids andsolids does not involve re-meshing, so the fluid mesh must not conform to the solid boundaries. Therefore, themotion that can be simulated is unlimited, with the caveat that the model is not applicable in all situations (forexample, it does not resolve near-wall turbulent conditions on the immersed solid).

Particle Tracking ExtensionsIn addition to new particle injection options for points and hollow cones, Release 12.0 introduces a further optionfor primary break-up, the turbulence-induced atomization model of Huh & Gosman to account for turbulence effectsin nozzles and improve predictions of the initial spray angle. Particle-wall interaction can be modeled with theElsässer model (to include wall effects like roughness and temperature), and a quasi-static wall film model can beused to model the changes in heat and mass transfer due to the presence of a wall film. Other enhancements includefurther controls on particle termination, the ability to have coefficients of restitution be a function of time, andadditional options to control the particle data available for post-processing. The stochastic particle-particle collisionmodel, which extends the applicability of the Lagrangian particle transport model to higher mass loadings, is nowfully released.

Combustion and Reacting FlowsThe Extended Coherent Flame Model (ECFM) is a new combustion model for the simulation of flame propagationin pre-mixed or partially pre-mixed systems, with an emphasis on internal combustion engine applications. It issimilar to the Burning Velocity Model (BVM), but solves an additional transport equation for flame surface density,which provides an enhanced description of the location and intensity of the reaction. ECFM is combined with theflame let model to model the composition of the burnt mixture, and also incorporates a wall-quenching sub-modelto simulate the local extinction of flames at walls.

The Residual Material (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) model is now available for use with the BVM and the ECFM.This model solves an additional transport equation for the concentration of fuel tracer. It can be used, for example,to simulate multiple cycles of an internal combustion engine, where some fraction of the products produced in oneengine cycle remain in the combustion chamber as residual material for the next cycle.

Several auto-ignition models are now also available to model both ignition delay for pre-mixed models and knockfor non-pre-mixed models after the delay time has expired. A transport equation is solved for the formation ofradical species under high temperature and pressure. Auto-ignition occurs locally whenever the radical concentrationexceeds a specified threshold.

For the hydrocarbon fuel model (coal model), the proximate/ultimate analysis data can now also be specified on a‘dry ash-free' basis, as an alternative to the ‘as received' reference.

A new and improved workflow for the definition of reacting flow simulations has been introduced. The combustionmodel can now be selected before the reactions. This workflow allows all steps required to model reacting flow tobe made when the domain is created.

Another effort to further improve workflow is the integration of the CFX-RIF tool for generating Flamelet librariesinto the CFX-Pre GUI.

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Thin Regions and other Domain Interface ExtensionsA major addition to ANSYS CFX is the new ability to include ‘thin surface physics', without the need to resolvethe thickness of the thin region. This permits you to easily account for thermal contact resistances, coatings on CHTobjects, as well as diffusion of heat or other scalars through thin geometries.

Another extension is the addition of further options for heat transfer and Additional Variables on non-overlappingportions of domain interfaces.

The robustness for Fluid-Solid and Solid-Solid domain interfaces is improved by using GGI numerics wheneverthe ‘Mesh Connection' method is set to ‘Automatic' (if the mesh is in fact 1:1, the intersection data required by theGGI numerics is now generated topologically).

A number of enhancements have also been made to stage interfaces. For one, the constant total pressure stage modelis now also supported for multiphase flows. In addition, a relative frame constant total pressure option is nowavailable, which holds the relative frame total pressure and direction constant instead of the stationary frame totalpressure and direction.

TurbulenceThe curvature-correction model is now available for two-equation RANS turbulence models (for example, SST,k-w, and k-e) as well as the DES-SST and SAS-SST models. The rough-wall treatment for the w-based turbulencemodels is now improved and the SAS-SST model has undergone further tuning.

A number of models previously available as beta features have also been released: the dynamic and WALE LESmodels, and the EARSM (Explicit Algebraic Reynolds Stress Model).

Eulerian Multi-PhaseA significant extension to the Euler-Euler multi-phase modeling capability is the full implementation of the RPIwall-boiling model. This model was previously implemented only in a special version of an older release of CFX;this release implementation broadens the range of boundary condition specifications that can be used with it toinclude temperature, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficient.

Additional lift force (Tomiyama, Saffman Mei, and Legendre Magnaudet) and wall lubrication correlations (Tomiyamaand Frank) are now also available to users.

It is now possible to perform Euler-Euler multi-phase simulations with CHT domains connected to fluid domainsusing GGIs, a combination of features that was previously not possible. Robustness improvements have been madeto the virtual mass force and to the coupled volume fraction algorithm (so it performs better in inhomogeneousmultiphase flow simulations).

Boundary ConditionsA number of additional options are available in specifying boundary conditions. At wall boundaries, users now alsohave the options of explicitly specifying the wall shear or a finite slip condition. At supersonic inlets, the conditionscan now be specified using total pressure, static pressure, total temperature, and flow direction. And at openingboundary conditions, a new option called “Entrainment” has replaced the previous options “Static Pressure forEntrainment” and “Opening Pressure for Entrainment”, with the user being able to additionally specify whether thepressure condition applied is total or static when the flow is into the domain.

Material PropertiesExtensions to the material property definitions include support for two-interval NASA Format polynomial coefficientsfor specific heat capacity in real gas models such as the Aungier Redlich Kwong model. Together with an additionallibrary of materials in CFX-Pre, this allows combustion to be combined with real gas equations of state moreseamlessly.

To improve the predictions of gas viscosity of pure substances, the Interacting Sphere viscosity model is added andused by default in the real gas combustion library.

In addition, a couple of options previously only available as beta features have been fully released: the standardRedlich Kwong and Peng Robinson equations of state, and the built-in non-Newtonian dynamic viscosity models.

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Other ImprovementsVarious enhancements have been made in other areas, including: CHT solids that can now account for their rotationand translation when solving for heat transfer or Additional Variables; sources in porous regions; writing ofnon-default variables to the results file; mesh quality diagnostics; availability and default use of HP MPI for Windows;and boundary-only additional variables.

CFD-PostThis section highlights the new features supported in Release 12.0 of CFD-Post.

A number of new post-processing features have been added, and the name of CFX-Post has changed to becomeCFD-Post, as it evolves to become the common post-processor for both ANSYS CFX and ANSYS FLUENT.

Comparison Mode

A new file comparison mode is available, in which comparisons and difference plots can be made between differentsolutions on the same mesh (at different times in a transient solution or with two different results), and betweendifferent solutions on different meshes.

Feature Extraction

A new visualization object is provided to allow users to easily identify vortex core regions in the flow based on avariety of different derived variables such as swirling strength, eigen helicity, and others.

Iso Clips

A new visualization object is the iso clip, which greatly simplifies the creation of surfaces, planes, or lines boundedby any solution or geometry variable.

Turbo Post

Several new report templates have been added and include support for multiple components/blade rows. Machinetypes that can be used with these reports include axial compressors, centrifugal compressors, compressible andincompressible flow turbines, and pumps.

Chart Improvements

The user interface to create charts has been re-designed to become more intuitive and consistent with other commoncharting tools. In addition, histogram charts can now be created, and FFTs are available for spectral analysis.

Color Maps

A color map editor has been added to simplify the creation and modification of color maps, and permit transparencylevels to be set.

Incompatibilities: Improvements Resulting inChanges in Behavior

This section highlights differences in the behavior between Release 11.0 and Release 12.0 of ANSYS CFX andCFD-Post.

CFX-PreWhen importing meshes from ANSYS FLUENT files in CFX-Pre, Release 12.0 (or later), the topology and namingof regions may not be the same as those generated by importing these meshes into previous releases. As a result,session files generated in CFX-Pre Release, 11.0 (or earlier) that import meshes from ANSYS FLUENT files maygenerate errors when loaded into CFX-Pre, Release 12.0 (or later).

ANSYS CFX-SolverThe changes highlighted in this section are numerics improvements made for ANSYS CFX that are believed to begenerally helpful and should only be reverted in the event of a problem.

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Discretization Changes (affect converged solution)Boundary Conditions/GGI Interfaces

1. Fluid-Solid and Solid-Solid domain interfaces that are General Connections and have the Mesh Connectionset to Automatic now always use the GGI assembly machinery for improved convergence/accuracy in certainsituations. The 1:1 assembly machinery can be reverted by setting the Mesh Connection option explicitly to1:1.

2. Some improvements have been made for symmetry conditions applied to degenerate axes. Revert by settingthe expert parameter ‘old symmetry behavior = t’.

3. Some interpolations at GGI interfaces when there is a frame change have been made more consistent with theinterior discretization. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘consistent ggi interpolation =f’.

4. The discretization of stress at GGI interfaces now uses the true stress tensor rather than the Laplacianapproximation. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘ggi laplacian stresses=t’.

5. Gradient extrapolation at vertices that lie at the intersection of periodic boundaries and regular boundaries hasbeen improved. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘adjust bnext periodic=f’.

6. The length scale used to determine if candidate faces are close enough for intersection has been changed toimprove robustness with highly skewed elements. Revert by setting the expert parameter 'ggi face depthoption = 1'.

Turbulence

1. Various minor improvements have been made for boundary condition closure for Reynolds Stress models.

2. With the Reynolds Stress model, the production term in the epsilon equation may be negative. This term isnow linearized for better robustness in this situation.

3. Turbulent flow involving variable viscosity or density has been changed slightly when turbulence intensity oreddy viscosity ratio is specified at a boundary.

4. The SAS-SST model has been updated. Revert to the old behavior by setting TURBULENCE MODEL/ModelVersion=2006.

Energy Equation

1. The discretization of viscous work for laminar flows at moving noslip walls has been improved.

2. The viscous work closure at inlets, outlets, and openings has been made consistent with the momentum equation.(In the past, momentum used molecular stress while viscous work used effective stress.) In addition, the stressused in the viscous work calculation at inlets, outlets, and openings is now closed with boundary velocitiesrather than conservative velocities. Finally, the viscosity interpolation at boundaries has been changed slightlyto be consistent with stress discretization in momentum.

3. The viscous work calculation for turbulent flows now properly includes the normal turbulent stress (2/3 rhok), consistent with the pressure definition as controlled by the expert parameter ‘pressure value option’.

4. When solving the energy equation together with multicomponent flow, the high resolution group now considersenthalpy boundedness in addition to mass fraction boundedness. Revert by setting the expert parameter‘highres energy option=1’.

5. Mesh deformation is now properly accounted for in the pressure transient term.

6. Viscous work is now discretized at GGI interfaces. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘ggi viscouswork = f’.

Multiphase

1. When using the cavitation model, if the turbulence modification to saturation pressure is activated, thismodification is now multiplied by water volume fraction for improved accuracy.

2. Rotational source terms for rotating reference frames now multiply by vertex volume fractions rather thanelement-averaged ones. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘mpf mom source option = 2’.

3. The solver discretization has been improved when combining interphase mass transfer with the InterphaseTransfer model set to Free Surface. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘bound ipmt rate=f’.

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4. The discretization of virtual mass force has been made more robust. Revert by setting the expert parameter‘virtual mass force option=0’.

5. For simulations of cavitation with real fluid properties, the pressure used to evaluate properties is now clippedto the saturation pressure. This change replicates behavior already implemented for ideal gases.

6. Transient simulations of inhomogeneous multiphase flow have a behavior change as a result of fixing a bugin the mass flow calculation. The dependence of the mass flow on the timestep size was incorrect, leading toan error that increases as the timestep size is reduced.

Properties

1. Real gas properties are no longer clipped at (Tcrit,P) when T<Tcrit and p>Pcrit. When running the IAPWS,Redlich Kwong, or Peng Robinson equations of state, properties are calculated in this region consistent withthose equations. To get correct behavior with RGP files, the RGP tables must also be filled in with correctvalues. Revert this change by setting the expert parameter ‘prop interp opt = 2’.

2. A more efficient algorithm is now used for converting between static and total pressure with the equilibriumphase change model. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘new hbm ptot=f’.

3. Dynamic viscosity, density, and thermal conductivity of real fluids are no longer extrapolated to the solutiontemperature and pressure if these go outside of the table limits.

4. If the reference temperature is set for a material but reference enthalpy is not, the solver now consistentlydefaults the reference enthalpy to zero at the reference temperature. Before, the solver might have ignored thereference temperature setting. This may affect behavior when restarting results files from previous versions.

Miscellaneous

1. Control volume velocity gradients (used for second-order advection in the momentum equation and to calculatethe shear strain rate) now use trilinear rather than linear-linear interpolation. Revert by setting the followingCCL: 'SOLVER CONTROL/INTERPOLATION SCHEME/Velocity Gradient InterpolationType = Linear-Linear’.

2. The diffusion stencil for prism elements having a quad face on a boundary is improved. Revert by setting theexpert parameter ‘include tri with tet=f’.

3. The high-resolution scheme has a small improvement in accuracy near boundaries. Revert by setting the expertparameter ‘bnd values in highres = f’.

4. A bug with the freestream damping algorithm for the High-Resolution Rhie Chow algorithm is now fixed.

5. The depth control algorithm for GGI intersection has been modified. Revert by setting the expert parameter‘ggi face depth option = 1’.

Convergence Behavior Changes (do not affect converged solution)Turbulence

1. When running with high resolution active for the turbulence equations, the advection term linearization hasbeen modified for improved stability. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘hr iterative boundingturb=f’.

2. A small change has been made for boundary relaxation behavior. Revert by setting the expert parameter‘boundary relaxation option=3’.

Multiphase flow

1. For multiphase flows involving phase change, the linearization of area density against volume fraction hasbeen corrected. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘arden linearisation fix = f’.

2. When using the coupled volume fraction solver, the default linear solver convergence criterion has beentightened from 0.1 to 0.01. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘solver target mod cvf=1’.

3. When using the coupled volume fraction solver with buoyancy active, a detail of the buoyancy linearizationhas been tuned. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘fsdamp buoyancy linearisation = 0’.

4. The linear solver behavior has been modified for inhomogeneous MPF. Revert by setting the expert parameter‘solver relax drag=t’.

5. A GGI detail has been modified for inhomogeneous MPF. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘ggivolfrc aprmas option=1’.

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6. The buoyancy stencil for free surface flows has been modified slightly. Revert by setting the expert parameter‘old buoyancy numerics=t’.

7. For the droplet condensation model, the default underrelaxation factor has been changed to 0.2. Revert bysetting ‘Condensation Rate Relaxation Factor=1.0’.

8. For multiphase cases involving thermal phase change, the heat transfer co-efficients are now underrelaxed forbetter robustness. Revert by setting the CCL parameter ‘PHASE CHANGE MODEL/Heat TransferCoefficient Under Re-laxation Factor = 1’.

9. For transient problems, volume fractions are no longer extrapolated when using an Automatic or Extrapolationtimestep initialization option. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘tsinit extrap volfrc=t’.

Miscellaneous

Some linear solver expert parameter defaults have been modified for improved robustness of a few difficult cases:

1. ‘max solver its ted tef’ has been increased from 40 to 100.

2. ‘max solver its fluids’ has been increased from 20 (11.0 default) to 40 (pre-11.0 default)

3. ‘max solver its scalar’ has been increased from 20 (11.0 default) to 40 (pre-11.0 default)

For transient compressible cases, the Courant number for timestep initialization now includes the acoustic Courantnumber in addition to the convective Courant number. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘tsinit acousticcourant = f’.

The algorithm used to create bands for circumferentially averaged outlet boundaries has been modified to beconsistent with the algorithm at stage interfaces. Revert by setting the expert parameter ‘old outlet bandaveraging=t’.

The default value of the expert parameter ‘saturation dhdt factor’, which affects linearization behaviorfor cases involving equilibrium phase change, has been changed from 100 to 1.

For compressible transient simulations with no pressure level set, the ‘Shift Pressure’ adjustment, which acceleratesmass conservation, is no longer applied to cases that involve liquids or mass sources. Revert by setting 'SOLVERCONTROL/COMPRESSIBILITY CONTROL/Compressible Transient Option=Shift Pressure’.

For coupled equations (other than hydro), the linear solver convergence criterion is now based on the maximumequation residual rather than the first.

Cosmetic Changes (no effect on convergence behavior or solution)Source terms are now separated into positive and negative contributions. This may affect the normalization ofimbalances when a conservation target is set.

When initializing a solution with an initial values file, the solver now uses the interpolator in a ‘run continuation’mode. However, restarts should still be the same if the mesh is unchanged.

Changes to Files for Parallel RunsIn order to use the distributed parallel modes in Release 12.0, the file hostinfo.ccl must exist in the<CFXROOT>/config/ directory of the ANSYS CFX installation on the master node and be made readable byall users of the ANSYS CFX software. The equivalent file in previous releases was the hosts.ccl file, but theformat of hostinfo.ccl is incompatible with that of hosts.ccl. This change was made necessary by changesin the host architecture.

The CFX partition file is generated by the CFX-Solver and used as input for a parallel run. A partition file generatedin ANSYS CFX 11.0 or earlier versions is not supported in ANSYS CFX 12.0. If such a file is used in ANSYSCFX 12.0, an error message is displayed.

ANSYS CFD-PostThis section describe procedural changes (actions that have to be done differently in this release to get an outcomeavailable in previous releases) as well as support changes (functionality that is no longer supported) in Release 12.0of CFD-Post.

Procedural Changes

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To replace a loaded file with another file while keeping the state, the recommended procedure in Release 12.0 is toright-click on the case name in the Outline tree and select Replace. The 11.0 procedure of reloading the file throughthe Load Results panel may not recover the state completely, in particular when Turbo Post is initialized. Note alsothat the Replace function will keep the original case name even though the results file has changed.

Multi-file support

• By default, additional cases are opened in new views. To open two or more files in the same view (for example,for 2-way FSI cases), turn off the Open in new view toggle in the Load Results panel.

• Applying automatic case offset is no longer supported through the Load Result panel. You can still offset a caseby the desired amount by double clicking on the loaded case.

• When multiple cases are loaded, CFD-Post no longer changes the names of boundaries, domains and otherloaded regions to make them unique across all cases (for example, renaming "Inlet" for the second file to "Inlet1"). All regions will now preserve their original names.

• To select a non-uniquely named surface for a specific case in Location selectors (for example, in a Contourplot), you can use the '...' list and select the surface under the desired case name. By default, all surfaces withthe given name will be used as the location.

Support Changes

ANSYS FLUENT mesh-only files (.msh) can no longer be read into CFD-Post.

Beta FeaturesANSYS CFX Beta features are entirely unsupported and have undergone various degrees of testing effort (fromdeveloper-level tests up to full validation cases); these features are largely untested, unsupported, subject to changein future releases, and used at your own risk and responsibility.

To make the Beta features visible for all cases, start CFX-Pre and select Edit > Options. When the Options dialogappears, select CFX-Pre > General and select Enable Beta Features. Click OK to save the change. You will nowbe able to access the “beta visible” features listed below.

To enable ANSYS CFX Beta features on a case basis, edit Case Options > General in the Outline tree view andfrom the General Options tab, select Enable Beta Features. Click OK to save the change.

For more details describing these beta feature, please contact your Technical Support provider for ANSYS products.

ANSYS CFX in GeneralCFX-Pre, CFX-Solver Manager and CFD-Post are beta features on the IBM AIX 64 platform.

CFX-PreThis section highlights beta features available in Release 12.0 of CFX-Pre.

Playing Session FilesCFX-Pre can play session files (or tutorial session files) when launched from ANSYS Workbench.

CustomizationCustomizing the user interface has been improved and simplified. First of all, modified system files (such as theRULES file) can be placed in a custom directory specified in the Tools > Options settings, instead of having to setenvironment variables. It is also now possible to add custom GUI panels, to improve upon and replace the previous‘macro calculator' option.

Internal Combustion EngineBuilt upon the CFX-Pre Customization feature, an interface for streamlining the setup of a multi-configurationsimulation with remeshing for internal combustion engines is available. To obtain the customization files requiredfor this interface, please contact your Technical Support provider for ANSYS products.

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Remote Server ModeYou can run CFX-Pre in client/server mode. This is useful when you would like to work with data that is on a remotemachine. It requires ANSYS CFX to be installed on both local and remote machine, but the software will be moreresponsive in this mode when compared to remote X or Exceed usage.

Remote server mode works across different platforms. Most commonly, the local client is run on a Windows platform,and the remote server on a UNIX platform.

Setting up Remote Server Mode

On the remote machine, run CFX-Pre from a command line with the ‘-server’ flag:

cfx5pre -server

This will print a message in the console with instructions on how to run the client. You will need to run the clientfrom the command line. For example:

cfx5pre -remote <remote-machine-name> -port 4004 -viewerport 4005

Note that you can put the IP address of the remote machine instead of its name:

cfx5pre -remote 100.10.0.1 -port 4004 -viewerport 4005

Note• Your network may not allow remote connection through any port number. In that case, your network

administrator may enable specific ports for your connection (you will need two such ports). You canthen set these two environment variables to the two enabled ports before starting the server:

CFX_SERVER_PORT=num1CFX_SERVER_VIEWER_PORT=num2

• Even though the remote machine is running the server only, you will still need the DISPLAY variableset to a valid display.

Using Remote Server Mode

Once the client part of the application starts up on your local machine, you can use it as a regular session. However,since the file system may not be identical on the two machines, you can use special options in the file dialogs tospecify file paths (for example, loading aCFX-Solver Input or CFX-Solver Results file) from the remote file system.If the directory structures in the local and the remote file system are identical, you can define a mapping betweenthe local and the remote file system. This will allow you to use file dialogs as if they were representing the remotefile system. To set up a directory mapping, go to Edit > Options > Remote Server (available only when theapplication is run in client/server mode).

CFX-SolverThis section highlights beta features available in Release 12.0 of the CFX-Solver.

Magnetohydrodynamics and ElectromagneticsThe quasi-static MHD and E-MAG models are available as beta features. The electric field can be either solvedusing the electric potential equation or specified by the user. Similarly, the magnetic field can be either solved usingthe magnetic vector potential equation (including an external magnetic field) or specified by the user. Momentumand energy sources calculated by solving these equations are automatically included in the hydrodynamics systemthrough the Lorentz force and Joule heating.

Additional Modeling FeaturesThis section highlights additional modeling beta features available in Release 12.0.

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Visible Beta ModelsThe following additional beta-visible modeling features are available in Release 12.0:

• Non-reflective acoustic boundary conditions (inlet, outlet and opening conditions supported)

• Six Degree-of-Freedom rigid body solver for implicit mesh motion

• Implicit motion of immersed solids based on rigid body solver solution

• Independent physics modeling between disconnected domains

• Additional turbulence models including one-equation Spalart-Allmaras model and re-attachment modificationfor SST

• Iteratively implicit pressure averaging at stage interfaces and outlets

• Iteratively implicit stage averaging at stage interfaces

• Inhomogeneous MUSIG Eulerian multiphase model

• Homogeneous and inhomogeneous DQMOM

• Boundary-only additional variables

• Particle user routines for multiphase reactions

• Thermal and turbulence effects for cavitation

• Mesh deformation for CHT solids

• Surface export using CSV format

• Radiation for Eulerian multiphase (bulk- and fluid-dependent)

• Opaque boundary condition for non-walls

• Mesh adaption for porous domains

• Domain-based solver control

Hidden Beta ModelsANSYS CFX provides hidden beta modeling features that can be made available to selected users on demand. Thesehidden beta features are not generally visible within the product and usually entail usage of custom CFX CommandLanguage, user Fortran, or activation of CFX-Solver expert parameters. For details, see your Technical Supportprovider for ANSYS products. The following beta-hidden modeling features are available in Release 12.0:

• Porous CHT domains

• Stiff chemistry solver

• Non-ideal thermodynamic mixture properties

• Bradley’s turbulent burning velocity correlation

• Lindstedt-Vaos combustion mode

• ECFM modification for laminar flame limit

• Orthotropic thermal conductivity and diffusivity for additional variables

• Electromagnetic force effects on particles

• Modified CAB droplet secondary breakup model

• Particle fragmentation for particle-wall interaction

• Finite slip velocity for algebraic mass fractions

• Real liquid property support with saturation clipping

ANSYS CFD-PostThis section highlights beta features available in Release 12.0 of CFD-Post.

Playing Session FilesCFD-Post can play session files when launched from ANSYS Workbench.

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Sizing of Particle Track SymbolsCFD-Post provides support for sizing of particle track symbols by variable or an expression:

If Size Option is Constant:

• If Scale Type is Relative, then relative symbol scaling will be performed exactly as in Release 11.

• If Scale Type is Absolute, then the symbol size will be set to an absolute measurement specified in the Scaleparameter in base units. For example, a value of '1' in the Scale parameter will result in a particle diameter of1 [m], if the base units for the length quantity is meters.

If Size Option is Particle Diameter:

• If Scale Type is Relative, then the symbols will be set to their respective particle diameters, and then scaledby a factor relative to the domain size and then scaled again by a factor set in the 'Scale' parameter.

• If Scale Type is Absolute, then the symbols will be set to their respective particle diameters, and then scaledby a factor set in the Scale parameter.

Size Range Factor:

• If Size Option is set to Particle Diameter and Scale Type is set to Relative, then the Size RangeFactor parameter will be active. The purpose of this parameter is to reduce or increase the variation in maximumand minimum sizes of the particles. For example, in some cases, the diameter of some particles could be veryclose to 0, where other particles could have large diameters - this would be difficult to visualize since the smallparticles would barely be visible, whereas the large particles would dominate the viewer.

• The allowable range for this parameter is -10 to 1. A value of 0 will result in the particle diameters being scaledat their natural relative sizes. A value less than 0 will reduce the range in particle diameters - that is, the differencebetween the smallest and the largest particle diameter will be smaller than the natural relative size. A valuegreater than 0 will increase the range in particle diameters - that is, the difference between the smallest and thelargest particle diameter will be larger than the natural relative size.

The Scale parameter:

• In all of the cases specified above, it is possible to specify an expression in the Scale parameter. When this isdone, the expression is evaluated at each location where a symbol is to be placed, and the particle symboldiameter is set to the resulting value.

• The expression entered must evaluate to a number.

• Limitation: If you enter the name of an existing expression, and then modify the underlying expression, theparticle track symbol diameters may not update immediately. To ensure updates occur as expected and desired,create a User Variable of the expression, and then use the User Variable in the Scale field.

One-Way FSI transfer of 3D Temperature DataSupport for 3D Temperature data export for one-way FSI applications has been implemented at a beta level.

In the Edit > Options > CFD-Post > Advanced panel there exists a toggle named ANSYS Import: Read 3Delements when CDB file has both 2D and 3D types.

• If this toggle is turned off (the default), then 3D element types are ignored in any CDB file that is processed.This will ensure the behavior will be exactly as it was in Release 11.

• If this toggle is turned on, and the CDB file contains 3D element types, then when exporting Temperature data,the temperature data for the 3D elements will be exported. If the CDB contains no 3D element type definitions,then the code will behave as it did in Release 11.

Limitation: When exporting 3D temperature data for the nodes, CFD-Post will not read the actual elementconnectivity, rather it will export the temperature data for each and every point specified in the CDB file whetheror not it is actually part of the intended 3D solid. Therefore, it is recommended that you ensure the CDB file onlycontains the definition for the SOLID object for which you wish to transfer the temperature data, otherwise youmay get much more data than intended (though this should not interfere with ANSYS reading the desired data).Also, depending on the size of the mesh defined in the CDB file, this could slow CFD-Post down significantly.

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Remote Server ModeYou can run CFD-Post in client/server mode. This is useful when you would like to work with data that is on aremote machine. It requires CFD-Post to be installed on both local and remote machine, but the software will bemore responsive in this mode when compared to remote X or Exceed usage.

Remote server mode works across different platforms. Most commonly, the local client is run on a Windows platform,and the remote server on a UNIX platform.

Setting up Remote Server Mode

On the remote machine, run CFD-Post from a command line with the ‘-server’ flag:

cfdpost -server

This will print a message in the console with instructions on how to run the client. You will need to run the clientfrom the command line. For example:

cfdpost -remote <remote-machine-name> -port 4004 -viewerport 4005

Note that you can put the IP address of the remote machine instead of its name:

cfdpost -remote 100.10.0.1 -port 4004 -viewerport 4005

Note• Your network may not allow remote connection through any port number. In that case, your network

administrator may enable specific ports for your connection (you will need two such ports). You canthen set these two environment variables to the two enabled ports before starting the server:

CFX_SERVER_PORT=num1CFX_SERVER_VIEWER_PORT=num2

• Even though the remote machine is running the server only, you will still need the DISPLAY variableset to a valid display.

Using Remote Server Mode

Once the client part of the application starts up on your local machine, you can use it as a regular session. However,since the file system may not be identical on the two machines, you can use special options in the file dialogs tospecify file paths (for example, loading aCFX-Solver Input or CFX-Solver Results file) from the remote file system.If the directory structures in the local and the remote file system are identical, you can define a mapping betweenthe local and the remote file system. This will allow you to use file dialogs as if they were representing the remotefile system. To set up a directory mapping, go to Edit > Options > Remote Server (available only when theapplication is run in client/server mode).

Class 3 ErrorsClass 3 Errors are solution values that are incorrect, but not obviously wrong.

ANSYS QA Defect 54726 "Compressible transient flows can get incorrect answers"

If a compressible transient flow is undertaken with only one iteration per time step, then the solution can be incorrectif the Heat Transfer option is not set to Total Energy, or if heat transfer is not included in the simulation. This isdue to the CFX-Solver not extrapolating the pressure at the start of the time step in these circumstances. This meansthat density is not extrapolated, and so the solver cannot calculate an accurate value for the time derivative of densityon the first iteration. The workaround for this problem is to either run with at least two iterations per time step, orto use the Total Energy option for Heat Transfer.

Known LimitationsThis section highlights known limitations in Release 12.0 of ANSYS CFX and CFD-Post.

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ANSYS CFX in GeneralIf you attempt to use a UNC file path (\\<hostname>\<directory>\<file>) in a file dialog, you may seean error saying that the specified file cannot be read or that a temporary directory cannot be created.

Some combinations of fonts and window managers (in particular, CDE) can cause graphical applications such asCFX-Pre, CFD-Post, and CFX-Solver Manager to be displayed incorrectly. Using a different window manager hasbeen seen to rectify this problem.

ANSYS CFX DocumentationPDF documentation is available from the Help menu of ANSYS CFX components in 12.0, but only on Windowsplatforms. The Help menu PDF entries exist in the ANSYS CFX components on Linux and UNIX platforms, butwill fail. The ANSYS CFX documentation can be found in PDF form in<CFXROOT>..\commonfiles\help\en-us\CFX\help\pdf\ on Windows and in<CFXROOT>../commonfiles/help/en-us/CFX/help/pdf/ on UNIX.

The Installation help is available only on Windows, and then only from ANSYS Workbench Help. In other words,the Installation and Licensing help is not available from any ANSYS CFX component in Release 12.0 or from anyproduct on Linux and UNIX (as ANSYS Workbench is available only on Windows for this release). However, youcan find Installation help on the Customer Download site.

ANSYS CFX in ANSYS WorkbenchThis section highlights known limitations in Release 12.0 of ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench.

GeneralANSYS CFD Solver, ANSYS CFX Solver, and ANSYS FLUENT Solver cannot be shared in ANSYS Workbench;each application must be shut down before starting another.

CFX-Solver run settings can be defined in CFX-Pre under Simulation Control. ANSYS Workbench will normallyhonour these settings; however, note the following exceptions:

• Execution Control, if defined in the CFX-Solver Manager when editing the Solution cell, will take precedence.These settings are saved with the Solution cell and will override all changes made to Simulation Control inCFX-Pre in the Setup cell.

If you make large-scale changes to an ANSYS CFX case in the Setup cell, or modify Simulation Control inCFX-Pre, it is recommended that you either edit the Solution cell again, or select Clear Execution Controlfrom the Solution cell context menu.

• The Solution cell property Initialization Option, and the a data connection providing initial conditions fromanother an up-to-date Solution cell, can override the Initial Values Specification. Check the run settings that areused by selecting Display Monitors from the Solution cell context menu.

Importing an existing CFX case into a Setup cell of a Fluid Flow (CFX) system will delete any undefined Meshand Geometry cells from that system because it is expected that the imported case contains its own Mesh information.However, this does not occur when importing a mesh directly into CFX-Pre.

The workarounds for this issue are to either:

• Use a CFX component system instead of a Fluid Flow (CFX) Analysis system

• Rather than importing directly into CFX-Pre, import the mesh data onto the schematic separately (using File >Import for .cmdb meshes) or into the Mesh cell directly (using Import Mesh File on the Mesh cell contextmenu.)

The Solution cell property Update Option should be used with caution when updating multiple systems or designpoints. With Update Option set to Background Task, ANSYS Workbench will proceed with updating the nextsystem or design point as soon as the background solver task has been started. Given enough systems or designpoints, this will consume any available licenses and resources. If licenses are unavailable, some parts of the updatewill fail.

Editing the Solution cell of a multi-configuration case when the cell is in Up-to-date or Interrupted state (that is,for a run continuation), does not work. The configuration selector will not appear, and any run settings that are

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applied as a result of this edit will be corrupt. Any continuations on a multi-configuration case must be done directlyvia the Solution cell Continue Calculation command.

Continuation and duplication of imported solutions are not well supported. In particular, problems withmulti-configuration and transient cases may arise due to the possible links to previous results files that were notimported or duplicated.

The Units on the settings on the ANSYS Workbench menu bar have no effect on the units used in ANSYS CFXapplications.

Generating a volume mesh for a Mesh cell does not update the cell or the project. This is because you will oftenwant to generate a mesh without going through the time-consuming process of writing all of the project files.

FilesThe default file browsing location for ANSYS CFX applications launched from ANSYS Workbench is set by theDefault Folder for Permanent Files option in ANSYS Workbench.

Files saved by ANSYS CFX applications launched from ANSYS Workbench are not stored in the ANSYS Workbenchproject directory; instead, they are saved to the directory set by the Default Folder for Permanent Files option inANSYS Workbench. An example of such a file would be a movie saved from CFD-Post; by default, this would befound in your My Documents directory.

Files imported, linked, or referenced by ANSYS CFX applications called from ANSYS Workbench are not storedin the ANSYS Workbench project directory or managed by ANSYS Workbench. Similarly, a file copied into theANSYS Workbench project directory will not be managed by ANSYS Workbench.

Data exported from ANSYS CFX applications launched from ANSYS Workbench should be saved outside of theproject files folder, or within the project in the user_files folder. Files saved within the design point directories ofthe project may interfere with data managed by ANSYS Workbench with unpredictable results.

Files that are imported are not registered with the project. Files that are referenced in ANSYS CFX cases (such asMechanical Input Files for two-way FSI studies, Boundary Profile files, and static CFX-Solver Results files thatare loaded directly into CFD-Post) are not managed by ANSYS Workbench.

Files located outside of the project's user_files directory will not be included in an Archive operation. Files locatedwithin the user_files directory will be included during Archiving; however, after restoring or saving the project toa different location, you may have to adjust the locations of those files within your ANSYS CFX cases manually.

During an archiving operation, ANSYS CFX systems ignore the archive option Result/solution files and will alwaysinclude all solution data. The workaround for this is to save the project, then use the Clear Generated Data on theSolution cells before archiving.

ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench does not support the use of filenames or project names that contain either the"$" or "," characters anywhere in their file path.

You must use absolute paths for CFX-Solver runs making use of user FORTRAN in ANSYS CFX in ANSYSWorkbench.

CFX-PreANSYS CFX-Pre in ANSYS Workbench allows undo after open. It is possible to undo operations that Workbenchhas instructed a CFX application to perform, such as mesh loading or parameter value changes. It is stronglyrecommended that you do not use the "Undo" tool after such an automated activity, as this may cause your projectdata to become invalid or corrupt.

ANSYS CFX Tutorial session files cannot be run in ANSYS Workbench.

When ANSYS CFX-Pre is started, the ANSYS CFX Case file is initially listed in the Files view in red with no filesize given. The file will be listed in black (with a file size) once the project is saved.

Changes to parameters in CFX-Pre are reflected immediately in ANSYS Workbench; changes to parameters inANSYS DesignModeler require that you update ANSYS DesignModeler to have the changes reflected in ANSYSWorkbench.

When using CFX-Pre to edit the Setup cell, selecting an expression as an input parameter will place a downstreamcell out of date even if the expression's value does not change.

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Merging/connecting meshes in CFX-Pre is not supported when those meshes are provided by ANSYS Workbench.Doing so may result in extra copies of these meshes appearing when refreshing meshes.

When restarting from a previous “converged” solution for design points, it is important to set the ConvergenceControl > Min. Iterations to a value of 3 or more. If this is not done, the solver may incorrectly judge the solutionto be converged after one or two iterations and halt the solution prematurely.

When opening CFX-Pre in ANSYS Workbench, immediately dismiss any error dialog that appears before continuingoperation. Otherwise, CFX-Pre may become unstable, and no longer respond to your input.

Multi-Configuration SimulationsThe way that multi-configuration files and transient files open in CFD-Post must be set beforehand in CFD-Post orin the Properties settings for the Solutions cell; you cannot configure these settings from a Results cell.

Avoid editing the Solution cell for solved or user-interrupted multi-configuration simulations; this will corrupt theExecution Control CCL. Make any necessary changes by editing the Setup cell (that is, by using CFX-Pre). If theCCL has been corrupted in this way, an error will be generated when the simulation is continued. Repair the corruptedCCL by selecting one of the following options from the right-click menu of the Solution cell:

• Clear Execution Control: restore the execution control to their previous values.

• Reset: return the Solution cell to its initial unsolved state (and then re-solve the entire simulation using thecorrected execution control settings).

FSIThe Run Mode drop-down is blank for a two-way FSI restart. When editing the Solution cell, the Solver ManagerDefine Run panel does not initialize properly—most notably when performing a continuation on a two-way FSIsolution. The symptom of this problem is that the Run Mode selector is entirely blank. In this situation, a run cannotbe properly defined. The workaround is:

1. Close CFX-Solver Manager.

2. Select Solution > Clear Execution Control.

3. If you had any custom run settings, you have to recreate them before starting the run.

When viewing the results for two-way FSI cases, attempting to close the project while CFD-Post is open can causean I/O access error with the Mechanical application results file. The workaround when working with two-way FSIcases is to close CFD-Post before saving or closing the project.

Using multi-configuration CFX cases as part of a one-way FSI calculation is not supported. The project schematicwill permit the connection, but the calculation will fail.

Using the "Continue Calculation" option on a Solution cell for a completed FSI case is not recommended. TheMechanical application solver will fail with an error and the cell will revert to Update Required state. Continuingan interrupted FSI solution is valid, however.

Mechanical application results files (that is, .rst files) will be loaded into CFD-Post only in SI units (that is kg,m, s, rad) when running two-way FSI cases under ANSYS Workbench. When CFD-Post opens, no dialog requestingthe units for the .rst file will appear. Note that this problem does not arise when using CFD-Post outside ANSYSWorkbench where the dialog prompting for units is displayed.

CFD-Post in ANSYS WorkbenchFor known limitations of CFD-Post in ANSYS Workbench, see ANSYS CFD-Post (p. 21).

CFX-PreThis section highlights known limitations in Release 12.0 of CFX-Pre.

GeneralThere is a limit of 80 characters for names of objects such as Domains, Boundaries, Sub-domains, or Interfaces.Any name that exceeds this length in CFX-Pre will cause an error when running the solver.

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When loading cases from previous versions of the software or when playing old session files, it is possible thatphysics errors will be displayed in CFX-Pre. These should be evaluated and fixed as appropriate. Some of theseerrors are due to a change in the recommended options for a model, where you are required to specify more datathan in previous releases.

When using power syntax in session files, take care to ensure that all lines have a trailing semicolon, as requiredby the perl language. This is more tightly enforced than in previous releases and may show errors in session filesthat previously failed silently.

When changing some user preferences, it will be necessary to restart the application for the setting to take effect.Changes to the highlighting mode, for example, made in the user preferences panel or from the case preferencespanel do not take place until the application is restarted. Any changes in made in the user preferences panel willtake effect only if the case preferences have not been specified.

Sometimes when you start the solver from CFX-Pre and then close CFX-Pre, there will be a message to the terminalwindow indicating that the deletion of the temporary directory failed. This is a harmless message and these directories(which will be empty) can be manually deleted later.

When displaying CFX-Pre from a remote machine onto Windows Vista, a crash has occasionally been observed.

If the license server is unavailable or has been incorrectly specified in the License Manager, CFX-Pre can take morethan 5 minutes to appear.

When using CFX-Pre in ANSYS Workbench, an Information dialog may be displayed indicating that No licenseis available at this time. If you click on the Request License button at the same time that CFX-Preis busy (that is, when the progress bar is displayed in CFX-Pre), CFX-Pre may become unstable and may no longerrespond to your input.

CFX-Pre does not support the 3Dconnexion SpaceBall on 64–bit Windows platforms; furthermore, on Windows32–bit platforms you must also uninstall 3DOffice in order to use a SpaceBall. It is important that you have thelatest SpaceBall drivers installed when using a SpaceBall with CFX-Pre. These drivers are available from thedownload area of the http://www.3dconnexion.com web site. At the time of publication of this document, the exactlink was http://www.3dconnexion.com/downlink.asp and the file name for 32-bit versions of Windows was3DxSoftware_v1-1- 0_win32.exe. However, this is subject to change by 3Dconnexion.

Rotating MachineryWhen in Quick Setup or Turbo Mode, the Enter button will trigger the selected action, such as Next or Back, ratherthan committing the value in a widget. This can be confusing behavior when compared to ANSYS Workbenchbehavior.

In Turbo mode, if a mesh is transformed such that the Number of Passages is increased and you leave Turbo Mode,the Output Mass Flow Rate may be incorrectly calculated if Turbo mode is reentered.

Splitters created in BladeGen are wrongly included in the Turbo mode calculation for working out how many bladesare in 360 degrees The calculation is performed incorrectly because the names for splitter regions are included inthe number of blades calculation. Renaming the splitter will rectify the problem.

Execution ControlWhen loading a solver results file into ANSYS CFX-Pre, the ‘Execution Control' data from the previous run willbe loaded into ANSYS CFX-Pre and written to any subsequent Solver ‘def' files. If you do not want this data topersist, you can delete the ‘Execution Control' data from the tree view in ANSYS CFX-Pre.

If you load ANSYS CFX-Pre with a case that defines the name of the Solver Input file in the Execution Controlsection of the Simulation CCL, this name will not be updated if the case is renamed using "Save As". If consistentfilenames are required, you must change this parameter by revisiting the Simulation Control form.

Large Problem PartitionerSpecifying that a configuration or simulation should use the Large Problem Partitioner is not applicable for runs on32-bit platforms. This toggle is available when ANSYS CFX-Pre is running on a 32-bit platform to enable a correctlyspecified Solver Input File to be written, which can then be used for a solver run on a 64-bit platform. If the SolverInput File is intended to used on a 32-bit platform, this setting should not be used.

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ANSYS CFX-Solver ManagerThis section highlights known limitations in Release 12.0 of the CFX-Solver Manager.

MonitorsIt is possible for plot legends not to be displayed. This can often be corrected by switching the residual mode forthe monitor window or plot line.

Switching residual mode for a specific monitor workspace may result in a different monitor tab being displayed.

Multi-ConfigurationWhen defining a run based on a configuration Solver Input file written with Initial Values specified to come fromanother configuration, the Solver Manager will show this state. However, this needs to be manually corrected bythe user by deleting the Initial Values object and then defining a new setting if required.

For multi-configuration simulations, starting ANSYS CFX-Post from the Solver Manager will either load the singleconfiguration results file selected or all configuration results files up to the configuration selected, depending onthe behavior specified in ANSYS CFX-Post preferences.

An error may be displayed when monitoring a running Multi-Configuration simulation. The error can safely beignored, but a duplicate configuration run entry may appear in the progress tree.

Monitoring a Multi-Configuration run that has been restarted from a previous Multi-Configuration run mayerroneously display configurations from the previous run.

Unlike when monitoring a single-configuration run, when monitoring a multi-configuration run it is necessary onlyto select the directory in which the multi-configuration run is executing. There is no corresponding .dir file.

If a Multi-Configuration run finishes without the Solver Manager having monitored the run, configurations that didnot produce a valid results file are not displayed in the progress display monitor when later monitored.

CGNSA new feature has been added to enable you to write CFX variables using their corresponding CGNS variable names.In some cases there is no specific translation available — the CFX variable name will be used after possibly beingtruncated to comply with restrictions within the CGNS standard. Variables that use a phase-name prefix in CFXcannot be represented in CGNS according to any defined standard. Consequently to represent these variables inCGNS, a modified naming convention that uses a phase prefix will be employed where possible.

CFX-SolverThis section highlights known limitations in Release 12.0 of the CFX-Solver.

GeneralProblems have been encountered performing runs that write to shared network drives on Windows. If you experiencehanging jobs or missing lines in the solver output file, run your job on a local disk instead.

LicensingThe CFX-Solver does not honor user defined License Preferences. Instead, the CFX-Solver will check out the lowestcapability license available, independent of the License Preferences defined by the user. As a consequence, theremay be instances where the CFX-Solver will unnecessarily check out an additional license.

The CFX-Solver will not shut down cleanly if connections to all license servers are severed. The solver will continueto run for 60 minutes after the last connection is severed, and then stop without writing a results file. The run maybe restarted from any (full) backup and transient results files that may have been written.

RadiationRotationally periodic GGI interfaces are not supported with radiation. By default, the radiation solver substitutes asymmetry condition for all periodic domain interfaces.

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Radiation and MFR interfaces are supported only when the two sides of the interface are aligned and have the sameshape (no pitch change or orientation change is supported).

User FORTRANOn Linux-based platforms, do not perform FORTRAN based file I/O in user FORTRAN compiled with the GNU(g77) FORTRAN compiler and use the mesh mapping facilities (for example, those provided with the moving-meshtutorial). You can use only the Portland FORTRAN compiler to do this.

User FORTRAN does not work with MPICH run modes on Windows by default. It is possible to make this workby editing the file etc/cfx5mkext.ccl:

On 32 bit-Windows, change the line that says ext link lib5files = solver-hpmpi.lib to extlink lib5files = solver-mpichnt.lib

On 64-bit Windows, change the line that says ext link lib5files = solver-hpmpi.lib to extlink lib5files=solver-mpich2.lib.

If you cannot modify your central installation, just make a local copy of the file in your working directory andappropriately modify it.

CombustionThe NOx model can have problems if it is enabled for the first few iterations of a simulation. For improved robustness,obtain an established flow field first and then turn the NOx model on.

When using the Burning Velocity Model (BVM), some cases that burned in version 11 no longer burn in this release.Whether burning occurs in the simulation can depend on the initial guess and the convergence history.

PropertiesNASA Format Specific Heat Capacity is not supported with general equations of state specified with CEL or UserFORTRAN. ANSYS CFX no longer allows this combination of property models. If you want to use a built-in,polynomial-format specific-heat capacity, then use the Zero Pressure Polynomial option instead.

Boundary ConditionsIf the Mach number is greater than 1.0 when running a subsonic inlet condition, there is no warning or error messagegiven by the flow solver. Divergence is likely if this situation occurs.

The default mass flow outlet condition, which uses the Scale Mass Flows mass update option, sometimes exhibitsa weak dependence on initial conditions and/or solution history. If you experience this behavior, try the Shift Pressuremass update option instead.

When creating a Profile Boundary, the solver needs the exact path to the profile file to be specified in the CCL,even if the file exists in the same directory as the solver run.

Initial ConditionsThe Automatic initial guess for all cases attempts to setup a velocity field computed from the boundary conditions.If the flow at the boundary conditions is not representative of the direction and magnitude of the domain velocity,then initial convergence problems can arise. The best advice and/or workaround is to always try and provide aninitial guess for velocity that is in the correct general direction.

When using the mixed inlet boundary condition (allows mixed super and subsonic flow through the inlet) with anyof the total pressure options it is better to not use the automated initial guess. This is because large differences intotal and static pressure can occur which must be propagated through the domain. The solver may fail to convergeor diverge. It is best to set an all supersonic initial condition.

The flow solver may come to a hard stop with a Fatal Bounds Error when running any of the Reynolds Stressturbulence models on a case with 1:1 rotational periodic domain interfaces. To workaround this, either use a k-epsilonbased solution as an initial guess or set the expert parameter rs from tke option = 1.

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ParallelHP MPI local and distributed parallel run modes have replaced PVM local and distributed parallel run modes asthe default options on 32- or 64-bit Windows.

Windows MPICH run modes cannot be combined with any UNIX platform in a parallel run; this is not supportedby the versions of MPICH included with ANSYS CFX.

MPI and PVM message passing paradigms are both available on most ANSYS CFX platforms. By default, PVMis used where available because of its generally good performance and excellent robustness to abnormal errors (forexample, network system failures). While MPI (both MPICH and Vendor MPI implementations) does show betterscaling in some cases, it is not as robust to network problems, processes crashing, machines being turned off, orother problems of that nature. In addition, we do not recommend that you use inhomogeneous networks of UNIXplatforms (that is, do not mix Linux and AIX, for example) when using either of the MPICH run modes becausestability issues may result and because the other MPI options do not support this. Finally, there are importantlimitations on system resources (for example, maximum number of semaphores and shared memory segmentsavailable in the operating system) that can significantly affect the use of the MPI run modes on multiprocessorhardware. Please read the section of the documentation carefully before using any of the MPI run modes on thissort of hardware.

The ‘HP MPI Local Parallel’ and ‘HP MPI Distributed Parallel’ start methods now run mpirun with cpu binding.This leads to better performance but, on multi-user clusters having scheduling systems that do not enforce exclusiveuse of cluster nodes, may cause problems because multiple jobs may be bound to the same CPU on the same node.In this case, the ‘-cpu_bind’ argument to mpirun should be removed in the ‘start_methods.ccl’ file.

For users of MPICH2, the latest version of MPICH2 is required. To upgrade to this version issue the followingcommand from the command line:

cfx5parallel -install-mpich2-service

On Windows Vista, the MPICH2 distributed performance may vary due to Network/Driver issues.

Problems haven been encountered with parallel runs hanging during the first iteration after initial start up or editinga run in progress. This can occur when using expressions involving integrated quantities in the following scenarios:

• An expression evaluated over a 3D region involving integration over a 2D region; for example, when an energysource over a subdomain is defined in terms of an average temperature over an inlet.

• An expression evaluated on a 2D region involving integration over a different 2D region; for example, when awall temperature is a function of an average inlet temperature.

The following workarounds to this problem have been used with success:

• Partition the model using another partitioning method which will ensure that all the partitions have a fractionof the 2D region over which the integration is being performed.

• If the case is small, run the case in serial for one time step/iteration and then restart it in parallel.

• Replace the expression involving the integrated quantity on the 2D region with a constant value and run for onetime step/iteration. Using the obtained results, replace the constant value with the original expression involvingthe integrated quantity on the 2D region and restart the parallel run.

The refiner does not run on the Linux Itanium platform.

Solver Memory AllocationThe flow solver automatically estimates and allocates the memory required for each simulation, based on the gridsize, physics, run-mode, the number of domains, and the complexity of the models activated. In some situations,the memory allocated may be insufficient for the simulation, and the flow solver will stop with an error messageabout insufficient memory. If this occurs, you must increase the memory allocation. If the memory allocated exceeds230 words for any of the data stacks (character, double, integer, logical, real), you can usually use the memorymultiplier to reduce it.

Particle TransportIf the timestep size is aggressive, the new wall particle model may show unphysical results for moving meshproblems.

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Moving MeshFor moving mesh cases with the effects of viscous work included, the temperature adjacent to a wall moving in thenormal direction may exhibit spurious overshoots and undershoots.

Immersed Solids and Rigid Body DynamicsWhen using a force callback on immersed solids in the laminar regime, the viscous forces calculated on the immersedsolid may be underestimated.

ANSYS CFD-PostThis section highlights known limitations in Release 12.0 of CFD-Post.

GeneralPDF versions of the online help are not available from the Help menu on Linux and UNIX platforms. However,this documentation can be found in <CFXROOT>../commonfiles/help/en-us/CFX/help/pdf/ onthose platforms.

If you attempt to use a UNC file path (\\<hostname>\<directory>\<file>) in a file dialog, you may seean error saying that the specified file cannot be read or that a temporary directory cannot be created.

Surface streamlines are not displayed on transformed User Surfaces.

When multiple viewports are used, the Copy Camera From right-click option will not work on the first attempt;you need to issue the command twice.

When multi-configuration files are loaded as a single sequence, the solution expressions (Reference Pressure, etc.)represent the last configuration, no matter which configuration is currently viewed.

You cannot exit comparison mode if a figure showing a difference variable is present; you must delete the figurefirst.

When comparing two 2D cases, set the case that is extruded less as Case 1. This enables CFD-Post to mesh nodesbetween the two cases for one of the symmetry boundaries and to define difference plots.

Variables on the outer immersed-solid boundaries are picked up from the surrounding fluid, not from the soliddomain. To visualize or compute variables using data from the solid domain, you can use cut planes or user surfacesoffset into the solid domain.

Object panels for newly created objects may not fully update after Apply is clicked. If you bring up the panel again,the content should update properly from that point on.

Changing the units of variables in the Variables tab has no effect on the user interface. You can change the preferredunits in the Edit > Options panel.

Disabling boundary physics reports or domain physics reports individually has no effect. Both reports are alwaysincluded when the physics report is enabled.

When editing transient animations, changing the current frame in the Animation panel may not always switch tothe correct timestep.

Streamlines created using Rectangular Grid sampling can cause a crash on Linux platforms when switching betweenSurface and 3D Streamline mode.

Particle Tracks cannot be colored with constant color when displayed as tubes or ribbons.

CFD-Post does not support the 3Dconnexion SpaceBall on 64–bit Windows platforms; furthermore, on Windows32–bit platforms you must also uninstall 3DOffice in order to use a SpaceBall. It is important that you have thelatest SpaceBall drivers installed when using a SpaceBall with CFD-Post. These drivers are available from thedownload area of the http://www.3dconnexion.com web site. At the time of publication of this document, the exactlink was http://www.3dconnexion.com/downlink.asp and the file name for 32-bit versions of Windows was3DxSoftware_v1-1- 0_win32.exe. However, this is subject to change by 3Dconnexion.

CFD-Post in ANSYS WorkbenchWhen opening CFD-Post in ANSYS Workbench, immediately dismiss any error dialog that appears before continuingoperation. Otherwise, CFD-Post may become unstable, and no longer respond to your input.

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CFD-Post in ANSYS Workbench does not support the use of filenames or project names that contain either the "$"or "," characters anywhere in their file path.

The Units on the settings on the ANSYS Workbench menu bar have no effect on the units used in CFD-Post.

Having loaded a mesh file (.cfx, .gtm, etc.) into CFD-Post in ANSYS Workbench, a reload cannot be performed.CFD-Post converts mesh files into temporary .def files, but once CFD-Post is closed, the .def file is lost. The statefile in ANSYS Workbench points to the deleted temp\.def file, and therefore you cannot reload the case.

The default file browsing location for CFD-Post launched from ANSYS Workbench is set by the Default Folderfor Permanent Files option in ANSYS Workbench.

Files saved by CFD-Post launched from ANSYS Workbench are not stored in the ANSYS Workbench projectdirectory; instead, they are saved to the directory set by the Default Folder for Permanent Files option in ANSYSWorkbench. An example of such a file would be a movie saved from CFD-Post; by default, this would be found inyour My Documents directory.

Files imported, linked, or referenced by CFD-Post called from ANSYS Workbench are not stored in the ANSYSWorkbench project directory or managed by ANSYS Workbench. Similarly, a file copied into the ANSYS Workbenchproject directory will not be managed by ANSYS Workbench.

Data exported from CFD-Post launched from ANSYS Workbench should be saved outside of the project files folder,or within the project in the user_files folder. Files saved within the design point directories of the project mayinterfere with data managed by ANSYS Workbench with unpredictable results.

Files that are imported are not registered with the project. For instance, files that are loaded directly into CFD-Postare not managed by ANSYS Workbench.

Files located outside of the project's user_files directory will not be included in an Archive operation. Files locatedwithin the user_files directory will be included during Archiving; however, after restoring or saving the project toa different location, you may have to adjust the locations of those files within your CFD-Post manually.

If ANSYS Workbench has opened CFD-Post and there is an RST file loaded in CFD-Post, ANSYS Workbenchcannot be shut down—you must first shut down CFD-Post.

Results cell output parameters that are defined on CFD-Post expressions that depend on Point, Sample Plane, orSample Line locators do not update properly. During Refresh, they fail to update and will generate an error messageand an invalid value. After this takes place, the parameter value will not update at all.

The workaround is to close and re-open CFD-Post. Because of this problem we recommend that these locator typesnot be used for expressions that are exposed as ANSYS Workbench parameters.

A similar issue exists when changing the case order in Case Comparison mode in CFD-Post: parameter values willnot be updated. The workaround is the same as above.

When viewing the results for two-way FSI cases, attempting to close the project while CFD-Post is open can causean I/O access error with the Mechanical application results file. The workaround when working with two-way FSIcases is to close CFD-Post before saving or closing the project.

View orientation is not always preserved when quitting CFD-Post under ANSYS Workbench, if the view orientationchange was the last user action in the CFD-Post user interface.

When using CFD-Post in ANSYS Workbench, an Information dialog may be displayed indicating that No licenseis available at this time. If you click on the Request License button at the same time that CFD-Postis busy (that is, when the progress bar is displayed in CFD-Post), CFD-Post may become unstable and may no longerrespond to your input.

Support of ANSYS FLUENT FilesOnly the main limitations are listed here. For the full list of ANSYS FLUENT post-processing limitations, see theANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide.

File Support

Ensure that all variables that you want to post-process are output to the ANSYS FLUENT file. In ANSYS FLUENTRelease 12.0, it is possible to export any post-processing variable directly into a DAT file, or a more compact CDATfile. Both formats can be read into ANSYS CFD-Post.

Files older than ANSYS FLUENT 6.0 are not supported. Please read such files in ANSYS FLUENT 12.0 and saveagain.

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Particle track files cannot be read.

Data not read from ANSYS FLUENT CAS/DAT files:

• Particles positions and data (transient cases)

• Interior mesh surface

• Post-processing surfaces set up in ANSYS FLUENT

Quantitative Calculations

Plots cannot display cell or face data directly, only nodal averages. However, cell and face date will be used inquantitative reports on volumes, boundaries, planes and isosurfaces (averages, mass flows, integrals).

User variables based on expressions use nodal (averaged) data, not cell data

Global variable ranges shown in plots are nodal (averaged) ranges

When comparing plots between ANSYS FLUENT and ANSYS CFD-Post, use the "ANSYS FLUENT Rainbow"color map in ANSYS CFD-Post

In cavitation cases, Pressure values are not clipped to the cavitation pressure

Contour plots across multiple domains may have slightly different nodal values at domain interfaces

Certain operations can fail for concave polyhedral mesh elements. In particular, streamlines can stop at such elements,and you may notice rendering glitches with cut planes that pass through concave polyhedra.

ANSYS CFD-Post cannot read ANSYS FLUENT cases that have CAS and DAT files output in different directories.

You cannot use X, Y, or Z variables in expressions or plots in moving mesh transient cases. For example, insteadof an Isosurface of X, use a YZ Plane.

When specifying ANSYS FLUENT file to load in the command line, you have to use a path specification. Forexample, instead of "cfdpost file.dat", use "cfdpost ./file.dat".

Entropy units are incorrectly set to "dimensionless".

The Global variable range for a Wall Heat Transfer Coefficient incorrectly shows up as zero; use the Local variablerange instead.

Memory RequirementsThe memory requirement estimates in the table that follows are based on the peak memory usage during the loadingof files. Memory usage may decrease substantially when the file is loaded.

• Larger cases need less memory per mesh node

• Polyhedral meshes need most memory per mesh node

• 32-bit platforms need less memory per mesh node than 64-bit platforms.

• CFX cases need less memory than ANSYS FLUENT cases for comparable mesh sizes

Million NodesAvailable RAM (GB)Platform

3 to 81.432-bit Windows (1.4 GB limit)

4 to 10232-bit Linux (2 GB limit)

2 to 8264-bit (any platform)

5 to 154

10 to 308

20 to 6016

40 to 12032

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Chapter 2. Computational Fluid DynamicsComputational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is a computer-based tool for simulating the behavior of systems involvingfluid flow, heat transfer, and other related physical processes. It works by solving the equations of fluid flow (in aspecial form) over a region of interest, with specified (known) conditions on the boundary of that region.

This chapter discusses:

• The History of CFD (p. 25)

• The Mathematics of CFD (p. 25)

• Uses of CFD (p. 25)

• CFD Methodology (p. 26)

• Further Background Reading (p. 29)

The History of CFDComputers have been used to solve fluid flow problems for many years. Numerous programs have been written tosolve either specific problems, or specific classes of problems. From the mid-1970's, the complex mathematicsrequired to generalize the algorithms began to be understood, and general purpose CFD solvers were developed.These began to appear in the early 1980's and required what were then very powerful computers, as well as anin-depth knowledge of fluid dynamics, and large amounts of time to set up simulations. Consequently, CFD was atool used almost exclusively in research.

Recent advances in computing power, together with powerful graphics and interactive 3D manipulation of models,have made the process of creating a CFD model and analyzing results much less labor intensive, reducing time and,hence, cost. Advanced solvers contain algorithms which enable robust solutions of the flow field in a reasonabletime.

As a result of these factors, Computational Fluid Dynamics is now an established industrial design tool, helping toreduce design time scales and improve processes throughout the engineering world. CFD provides a cost-effectiveand accurate alternative to scale model testing, with variations on the simulation being performed quickly, offeringobvious advantages.

The Mathematics of CFDThe set of equations which describe the processes of momentum, heat and mass transfer are known as theNavier-Stokes equations. These partial differential equations were derived in the early nineteenth century and haveno known general analytical solution but can be discretized and solved numerically.

Equations describing other processes, such as combustion, can also be solved in conjunction with the Navier-Stokesequations. Often, an approximating model is used to derive these additional equations, turbulence models being aparticularly important example.

There are a number of different solution methods which are used in CFD codes. The most common, and the one onwhich CFX is based, is known as the finite volume technique.

In this technique, the region of interest is divided into small sub-regions, called control volumes. The equations arediscretized and solved iteratively for each control volume. As a result, an approximation of the value of each variableat specific points throughout the domain can be obtained. In this way, one derives a full picture of the behavior ofthe flow.

Additional information on the Navier-Stokes equations and other mathematical aspects of the CFX software suiteis available. For details, see Basic Solver Capability Theory (p. 1) in the ANSYS CFX-Solver Theory Guide.

Uses of CFDCFD is used by engineers and scientists in a wide range of fields. Typical applications include:

• Process industry: Mixing vessels, chemical reactors

• Building services: Ventilation of buildings, such as atriums

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• Health and safety: Investigating the effects of fire and smoke

• Motor industry: Combustion modeling, car aerodynamics

• Electronics: Heat transfer within and around circuit boards

• Environmental: Dispersion of pollutants in air or water

• Power and energy: Optimization of combustion processes

• Medical: Blood flow through grafted blood vessels

CFD MethodologyCFD can be used to determine the performance of a component at the design stage, or it can be used to analyzedifficulties with an existing component and lead to its improved design.

For example, the pressure drop through a component may be considered excessive:

The first step is to identify the region of interest:

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The geometry of the region of interest is then defined. If the geometry already exists in CAD, it can be importeddirectly. The mesh is then created. After importing the mesh into the pre-processor, other elements of the simulationincluding the boundary conditions (inlets, outlets, etc.) and fluid properties are defined.

The flow solver is run to produce a file of results that contains the variation of velocity, pressure and any othervariables throughout the region of interest.

The results can be visualized and can provide the engineer an understanding of the behavior of the fluid throughoutthe region of interest.

This can lead to design modifications which can be tested by changing the geometry of the CFD model and seeingthe effect.

The process of performing a single CFD simulation is split into four components:

1. Creating the Geometry/Mesh (p. 28)

2. Defining the Physics of the Model (p. 28)

3. Solving the CFD Problem (p. 28)

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4. Visualizing the Results in the Post-processor (p. 28)

Creating the Geometry/MeshThis interactive process is the first pre-processing stage. The objective is to produce a mesh for input to the physicspre-processor. Before a mesh can be produced, a closed geometric solid is required. The geometry and mesh canbe created in the Meshing application or any of the other geometry/mesh creation tools. The basic steps involve:

1. Defining the geometry of the region of interest.

2. Creating regions of fluid flow, solid regions and surface boundary names.

3. Setting properties for the mesh.

This pre-processing stage is now highly automated. In CFX, geometry can be imported from most major CADpackages using native format, and the mesh of control volumes is generated automatically.

Defining the Physics of the ModelThis interactive process is the second pre-processing stage and is used to create input required by the Solver. Themesh files are loaded into the physics pre-processor, CFX-Pre.

The physical models that are to be included in the simulation are selected. Fluid properties and boundary conditionsare specified.

Solving the CFD ProblemThe component that solves the CFD problem is called the Solver. It produces the required results in anon-interactive/batch process. A CFD problem is solved as follows:

1. The partial differential equations are integrated over all the control volumes in the region of interest. This isequivalent to applying a basic conservation law (for example, for mass or momentum) to each control volume.

2. These integral equations are converted to a system of algebraic equations by generating a set of approximationsfor the terms in the integral equations.

3. The algebraic equations are solved iteratively.

An iterative approach is required because of the non-linear nature of the equations, and as the solution approachesthe exact solution, it is said to converge. For each iteration, an error, or residual, is reported as a measure of theoverall conservation of the flow properties.

How close the final solution is to the exact solution depends on a number of factors, including the size and shapeof the control volumes and the size of the final residuals. Complex physical processes, such as combustion andturbulence, are often modeled using empirical relationships. The approximations inherent in these models alsocontribute to differences between the CFD solution and the real flow.

The solution process requires no user interaction and is, therefore, usually carried out as a batch process.

The solver produces a results file which is then passed to the post-processor.

Visualizing the Results in the Post-processorThe post-processor is the component used to analyze, visualize and present the results interactively. Post-processingincludes anything from obtaining point values to complex animated sequences.

Examples of some important features of post-processors are:

• Visualization of the geometry and control volumes

• Vector plots showing the direction and magnitude of the flow

• Visualization of the variation of scalar variables (variables which have only magnitude, not direction, such astemperature, pressure and speed) through the domain

• Quantitative numerical calculations

• Animation

• Charts showing graphical plots of variables

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• Hardcopy and online output.

Further Background ReadingThe following is a selection of books related to fluids, thermodynamics, CFD and computing:

• An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics, The Finite Volume Method

H K Versteeg and W Malalasekera; Longman, 1995. An excellent introduction to the theory of CFD withwell-presented derivations of the equations.

• Using Computational Fluid Dynamics

C T Shaw; Prentice Hall, 1992. An introduction to the practical aspects of using CFD.

• Numerical Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow

S V Patankar; Taylor & Francis, 1980. A standard text on the details of numerical methods.

• Engineering Thermodynamics: Work and Heat Transfer

G F C Rogers and Y R Mayhew; Longman, 1996. An undergraduate thermodynamics text book.

• Mechanics of Fluids

Bernard Massey, Spon Press, 1998. An undergraduate fluid mechanics text book.

• Viscous Fluid Flow

F M White; McGraw Hill, 2005. An advanced text on fluid dynamics.

• Perry's Chemical Engineer's Handbook (7th Edition)

McGraw Hill Professional Publishing, 1997. A superb reference for the physical properties of fluids.

• An Album of Fluid Motion

Milton Van Dyke, The Parabolic Press, 1982. Fluid flow phenomena demonstrated in pictures.

If you are unfamiliar with using the UNIX operating system or with UNIX system administration, you may like toobtain and read the following books:

• UNIX in a Nutshell, Fourth Edition

Daniel Gilly and the staff of O'Reilly & Associates, Inc, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc, 2005. An excellent UNIXreference book.

• Learning the UNIX Operating System

Grace Todino-Gonguet, John Strang, and Jerry Peek; O'Reilly & Associates, Inc, 2002.

• Essential System Administration

Æleen Frisch; O'Reilly & Associates, Inc, 2002.

• A Scientist's and Engineer's Guide to Workstations and Supercomputers

Rubin H Landau and Paul J Fink Jr., John Wiley and Sons Inc., 1993. A clear and practical guide to powerfulcomputers that use the UNIX operating system.

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Further Background Reading

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Chapter 3. Overview of ANSYS CFXANSYS CFX is a general purpose Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software suite that combines an advancedsolver with powerful pre- and post-processing capabilities. It includes the following features:

• An advanced coupled solver that is both reliable and robust.

• Full integration of problem definition, analysis, and results presentation.

• An intuitive and interactive setup process, using menus and advanced graphics.

CFX is capable of modeling:

• Steady-state and transient flows

• Laminar and turbulent flows

• Subsonic, transonic and supersonic flows

• Heat transfer and thermal radiation

• Buoyancy

• Non-Newtonian flows

• Transport of non-reacting scalar components

• Multiphase flows

• Combustion

• Flows in multiple frames of reference

• Particle tracking.

This chapter discusses:

• The Structure of ANSYS CFX (p. 31)

• CFX-Pre (p. 32)

• CFX-Solver (p. 32)

• CFX-Solver Manager (p. 33)

• CFD-Post (p. 33)

• Getting Started with ANSYS CFX (p. 33)

• The Directory Structure of ANSYS CFX (p. 34)

• CFX File Types (p. 34)

• Starting ANSYS CFX Components from the Command Line (p. 35)

The Structure of ANSYS CFXANSYS CFX consists of four software modules that take a geometry and mesh and pass the information requiredto perform a CFD analysis:

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CFX File Types (p. 34) show the file types involved in this data flow.

CFX-PreThe next-generation physics pre-processor, CFX-Pre, is used to define simulations.

Multiple meshes may be imported, allowing each section of complex geometries to use the most appropriate mesh.

Analyses, which consist of flow physics, boundary conditions, initial values, and solver parameters, are also specified.A full range of boundary conditions, including inlets, outlets and openings, together with boundary conditions forheat transfer models and periodicity, are all available in ANSYS CFX through CFX-Pre; for details, see CFX-PreBasics (p. 1) in the ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide.

Complex simulations are assembled from one or more configurations, each of which combines an analysis definitionwith other related tasks such as remeshing. Control over the configuration execution order and inter-configurationsolution dependencies then facilitates the setup of relatively common simulations, such as those involving theinitialization of a transient analysis using results from a steady-state analysis. Use of multiple configurations andcontrol also facilitates the setup of increasingly complex simulations of, for example, performance curves forturbo-machines or internal combustion engines with evolving geometry and physics.

CFX-SolverCFX-Solver solves all the solution variables for the simulation for the problem specification generated in CFX-Pre.

One of the most important features of ANSYS CFX is its use of a coupled solver, in which all the hydrodynamicequations are solved as a single system. The coupled solver is faster than the traditional segregated solver and feweriterations are required to obtain a converged flow solution.

Additional information on the CFX-Solver models is available; for details, see Basic Capabilities Modeling (p. 1)in the ANSYS CFX-Solver Modeling Guide.

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CFX-Pre

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CFX-Solver ManagerThe CFX-Solver Manager module provides greater control to the management of the CFD task. Its major functionsare:

• Specify the input files to the CFX-Solver.

• Start/stop the CFX-Solver.

• Monitor the progress of the solution.

• Set up the CFX-Solver for a parallel calculation.

Additional information on the CFX-Solver Manager is available; for details, see CFX-Solver Manager Basics (p.1) in the ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager User's Guide.

CFD-PostCFD-Post provides state-of-the-art interactive post-processing graphics tools to analyze and present the CFXsimulation results.

Important features include:

• Quantitative post-processing

• Report generation (see Report (p. 24) in the ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)

• Command line, session file, or state file input (see File Types Used and Produced by CFD-Post (p. 70) in theANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)

• User-defined variables

• Generation of a variety of graphical objects where visibility, transparency, color, and line/face rendering canbe controlled (see CFD-Post Insert Menu (p. 89) in the ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)

• Power Syntax to allow fully programmable session files (see Power Syntax in ANSYS CFX (p. 253) in theANSYS CFX Reference Guide).

Additional information on CFD-Post is available; for details, see Overview of CFD-Post (p. 1) in the ANSYSCFD-Post User's Guide.

Getting Started with ANSYS CFXThis section helps you learn the basics of using ANSYS CFX, such as running ANSYS CFX, accessing tutorials,and using the context-sensitive online help. It assumes that you have installed the ANSYS software, a process thatis described in the installation documentation.

The following topics will be discussed:

• Running ANSYS CFX (p. 33)

• CFX Help, Tutorials, and Reference Information (p. 34)

Running ANSYS CFX

Do this:To run ANSYS CFX on this operating system:

Enter cfx5 in a terminal window.UNIX

From the Start menu select All Programs > ANSYS 12.0 >Fluid Dynamics > CFX.

Windows

This opens the CFX Launcher, from which all other components of ANSYS CFX can be accessed. You will usuallywant to start by setting your Working Directory (where all files will be written to) and then opening CFX-Pre byclicking the CFX-Pre button.

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CFX-Solver Manager

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NoteYou can also start ANSYS components from the command line. See Starting ANSYS CFX Componentsfrom the Command Line (p. 35).

CFX Help,Tutorials, and Reference InformationAccess to the CFX online help system is available through a number of routes:

• To view tutorials, user guides, and reference manuals in online-help form, select Help from the ANSYS product'smenu bar.

• To view context-sensitive help on an item of interest, press the F1 key (or on Sun workstations, the Help key)when the focus is on that item.

• The CFX documentation is also provided in PDF format. To view the tutorials, user guides, and referencemanuals in PDF format, go to <CFXROOT>..\commonfiles\help\en-us\CFX\help\pdf\ onWindows or <CFXROOT>../commonfiles/help/en-us/CFX/help/pdf/ on UNIX. On Windowsyou can also access PDF files from the menu bar by selecting Help > PDF.

You will need a PDF viewer such as Adobe Reader (available from http://www.adobe.com) to view or printthese PDF files.

For more information, see CFX Documentation Structure (p. 59).

The Directory Structure of ANSYS CFXThe directory in which ANSYS CFX is installed is referred to as <CFXROOT>. This directory contains all the filesyou will need to run ANSYS CFX. <CFXROOT> is release-specific to enable you to run more than one release ofANSYS CFX. The release-specific directory often contains directories for each operating system on which you maywant to run the CFX software. These will contain the system-dependent binary executable files needed by CFX.

Some of the important directories immediately under <CFXROOT> are:

The bin directory contains all the commands that are normally run directly by users. It containsmostly “wrapper” scripts that call the appropriate script for the release you are running in therelease-specific subdirectory, for example, CFX.

bin

The config directory contains the host definition file for CFX software.config

The etc directory contains various data files common to all supported system types.etc

The examples directory contains files that will help you work through the CFX tutorials.There are some sample meshes, CAD files, session files, CFX expression language files, UserFortran examples, and example C source code files.

examples

The help directory contains the CFX documentation in online (.jar and .chm) and printable(.pdf) formats.

help

The include directory contains header files used by parts of the CFX software.include

If it is present, the lib directory contains various libraries needed to relink the CFX-Solveror user-defined mesh import or mesh export.

lib

Contains software tools such as cygwin, mpi, mpich, perl, pvm (UNIX only), and qt.tools

CFX File TypesDuring the process of creating the model, running the CFX-Solver and analyzing the results, a number of differentfiles are created by the various modules of the software. This section describes some of these files and their purposes.

The use of these files with their default extension is shown in the following flowchart. The standard files used andproduced are indicated with solid black lines; other possible uses are indicated with dotted lines.

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Details of the main file types can be found in:

• CFX-Pre File Types (p. 11) in the ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide

• CFX-Solver Files (p. 25) in the ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager User's Guide

• File Types Used and Produced by CFD-Post (p. 70) in the ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide

• Supported Mesh File Types (p. 50) in the ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide

For information on producing files for input into other post-processors, see File Export Utility (p. 131) in the ANSYSCFX-Solver Manager User's Guide.

Starting ANSYS CFX Components from theCommand Line

The components of CFX can all be started from the command line, as well as from within other modules of CFX.Additional information on command lines in Windows is available; for details, see Command Line (p. 3). A typicalcommand consists of the command name, followed by various arguments, many of which are optional.

For example, to start up CFX-Pre and play the session file, open a terminal window and enter the command:

cfx5pre -play StaticMixer.pre

The following table lists some of the commands you can use to start up CFX components.

ArgumentsCommandComponent

See Starting the CFX Launcher (p. 41).cfx5CFX Launcher

or

cfx5launch

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Starting ANSYS CFX Components from the Command Line

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ArgumentsCommandComponent

See Starting CFX-Pre from the Command Line (p. 1) in theANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide.

cfx5preCFX-Pre

See Starting the CFX-Solver from the Command Line (p. 109)in the ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager User's Guide.

cfx5solveCFX-Solver Manager

See Starting CFD-Post (p. 3) in the ANSYS CFD-Post User'sGuide.

cfdpostCFD-Post

To display a full list of all the possible arguments and a short description for any command, type the commandfollowed by -help. For example:

cfdpost -help

Typing the argument -verbose after a command launches the software specified and displays a summary of thecurrently set environment variables.

Obtaining System Information with the cfx5info CommandYou can use the command cfx5info to obtain information about your installation and your system. The optionalcommand arguments are given in the following table:

UsageArgument

Displays the long architecture string for the current machine.-arch

Prints the location of some common commands, if they can be found in the PATH.-cmds

If any site-specific or user-specific configuration files are in use, this option willdisplay their locations and contents.

-config

Displays a full report on the installation and configuration of CFX, suitable foremailing to the CFX support desk. This includes the output of the -inst and -systemoptions.

-full

Shows available command line options and descriptions.-help

Displays the current host name.-host

Looks up the named <host> in the network database, and displays some informationabout it.

-host-addr <host>

Displays information about the installation directory, and available versions of CFX.This is the default if no arguments are passed.

-inst

Displays the short architecture string for the current machine.-os

Shows information for all installed patches.-patches

Displays the release type, which will be “development,” “prerelease” or “release.”-reltype

Shows information about which subsets are installed. This option is valid only forUNIX platforms.

-subsets

Displays information about the system on which CFX is running.-system

Prints information about the environment variables that are currently set. Analternative form for this argument is -v

-verbose

Displays all available versions of <cmd>, as found on the PATH. This option canbe repeated.

-whereis <cmd>

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Obtaining System Information with the cfx5info Command

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Chapter 4. Customizing ANSYS CFXThis chapter discusses:

• ANSYS CFX Resource Configuration Files (p. 37)

ANSYS CFX Resource Configuration FilesWhen ANSYS CFX starts up, it reads several resource configuration files. By creating your own local and site-wideconfiguration files, you can modify the behavior of ANSYS CFX to meet your needs. A common use for configurationfiles is to set the path to the license file or the license server.

The Site-wide Configuration FilesIf you are accessing your ANSYS CFX files from a remote file system, your System Administrator may createsite-wide resource configuration files. ANSYS CFX first looks for such files in the following order:

1. <CFXROOT>/config/cfx5rc-<host>.txt

2. <CFXROOT>/config/cfx5rc-<arch>.txt

3. <CFXROOT>/config/cfx5rc-<os>.txt

4. <CFXROOT>/config/cfx5rc.txt

5. <CFXROOT>/config/cfx5rc-site.txt

where:

• host is the hostname of the machine on which ANSYS CFX is running.

• arch is the architecture of the machine on which ANSYS CFX is running.

• os is the operating system of the machine on which ANSYS CFX is running.

You can find the value of host, arch, and os by selecting Show > Show System from the menu bar of the CFXLauncher. On Windows, the value of os is winnt.

NoteAny resources set in these files will affect all users of ANSYS CFX, unless users override these variablesin their personal user's ANSYS CFX resource configuration files.

User's Configuration FilesAfter searching for site-wide configuration files, ANSYS CFX looks for the following user's configuration files:

• cfx5rc-<host>.txt

• cfx5rc-<arch>.txt

• cfx5rc-<os>.txt

• cfx5rc.txt

(and for the same files without .txt appended) in the following directories:

• On Windows: %USERPROFILE%\Application Data\CFX-5\12.0\ if it exists,otherwise%HOMEDRIVE%\%HOMEPATH%\.cfx\12.0\ where %USERPROFILE%, %HOMEDRIVE% and%HOMEPATH% are environment variables.

.

• On UNIX: ~/.cfx/12.0/ and ~/CFX/12.0/

where ~ means your home directory (if you have one).

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Syntax of CFX Resource Configuration FilesANSYS CFX resource configuration files should consist only of:

• Lines beginning with # (which are comments).

• Variable assignments such as: CFX5EDITOR="textedit"

The right hand side of an assignment may include references to previously assigned variables by prefixing thevariable name with $; for example,

CFX5BROWSER="$CFX5EDITOR"

NoteIn previous releases of ANSYS CFX, these files could contain arbitrary Bourne shell commands. Theseare no longer supported.

Resource NamesANSYS CFX software makes use of variable names that start with the following strings:

• CFDS_

• CFX_

• CFX4

• CFX5

• CUE_

You must not set any variable of your own with a name beginning with these letters.

Resources Set in cfx5rc FilesYou can find out which ANSYS CFX resources have been set by using the Show > Show Variables option fromthe menu bar of the CFX Launcher. This displays a list of all the resources that have been set. Although you canchange the values of most of the resources shown in this list, it is generally useful to change only a few of them.These few are described in the following table:

DescriptionResource

Sets the program to use when browsing files in ANSYS CFX.CFX5BROWSER

On Windows, the default browser is Notepad.

On UNIX, the default value is system-dependent, but the Common DesktopEnvironment file browser, dtpad, is used if possible. The command must start itsown X window, so if you wanted to use view, for example, you could only do soby setting

CFX5BROWSER="xterm -e view"

Sets the program to use when editing files in ANSYS CFX.CFX5EDITOR

On Windows, the default editor is Notepad.

On UNIX, the default value is system-dependent but the Common DesktopEnvironment file editor, dtpad, is used if possible. The command must start itsown X window, so if you wanted to use vi, for example, you could only do so bysetting

CFX5EDITOR="xterm -e vi"

Creates a window to interact with the operating system.CFX5XTERM

On Windows, the default window is a Windows command prompt set up to run theANSYS CFX commands.

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Syntax of CFX Resource Configuration Files

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DescriptionResource

On UNIX, the default value is system-dependent but the Common DesktopEnvironment terminal emulator, dtterm, is used if possible.

If set to F, this command causes ANSYS CFX programs to write formattedCFX-Solver input and results files instead of binary files.

CFX_FORMAT

If set to U, then the files generated will be in binary format, but not compressed.

If not set, then the files generated will be binary and compressed. This is the default.

Sets the name of the user-defined executable for CFX Volume Mesh Import.CFX_IMPORT_EXEC

This is a colon-separated list of directories which will be searched for shared librarieson Sun and Compaq Tru64 UNIX systems. If you have installed system libraries

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

in directories that are not included in this list, use this command to add thesedirectories.

This is a colon-separated list of directories which will be searched for shared librarieson SGI systems. If you have installed system libraries in directories that are notincluded in this list, use this command to add these directories.

LD_LIBRARYN32_PATH

This is a colon-separated list of directories which will be searched for shared librarieson IBM systems. If you have installed system libraries in directories that are notincluded in this list, use this command to add these directories.

LIBPATH

If you have license keys in a file other than<CFXLICENSEROOT>/license.dat, you may have to set the value of thisresource to be either

LM_LICENSE_FILE

i) port@host where the license daemon is listening for requests on port number porton the machine called host

or

ii) the full pathname of the license file.

This is a colon-separated list of directories that will be searched to look for sharedlibraries on HP systems. If you have installed system libraries in directories thatare not included in this list, then add them to it.

SHLIB_PATH

Setting Environment VariablesYou should set the variables in your cfx5rc file. You must not create environment variables that start with CFX.

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Resources Set in cfx5rc Files

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Chapter 5. Using the CFX LauncherCFX can be run in two modes:

• CFX Standalone, which refers to CFX running as a standalone application independent of the ANSYS Workbenchsoftware

• CFX Workbench, which refers to CFX running as a component inside of the ANSYS Workbench software.This is described in ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench (p. 43).

CFX Standalone has the CFX Launcher, which makes it easy to run all the modules of CFX without having to usea command line. The launcher enables you to:

• Set the working directory for your project

• Start CFX and ANSYS products

• Access various other tools, including a command window that enables you to run other utilities

• Access the online help and other useful information

• Customize the behavior of the launcher to start your own applications.

The CFX Launcher automatically searches for installations of CFX and ANSYS products including the licensemanager. Depending on the application, the search includes common installation directories, directories pointed toby environment variables associated with CFX and ANSYS products, and the Windows registry. In the unlikelyevent that a product is not found, you can configure the CFX Launcher using steps outlined in Customizing theLauncher (p. 4) in the ANSYS CFX Reference Guide.

This chapter discusses Starting the CFX Launcher (p. 41). For more information about the launcher, see CFXLauncher (p. 1) in the ANSYS CFX Reference Guide.

Starting the CFX LauncherYou can run the CFX Launcher in any of the following ways:

• On Windows:

• From the Start menu, go to Start menu, go to All Programs > ANSYS 12.0 > Fluid Dynamics > CFX

• In a DOS window that has its path set up correctly to run CFX, enter cfx5 (otherwise, you will need toenter the full pathname of the cfx5 command).

• On UNIX, enter cfx5 in a terminal window that has its path set up to run ANSYS CFX (the path will besomething similar to /usr/ansys_inc/v120/CFX/bin).

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Chapter 6. ANSYS CFX in ANSYSWorkbench

ANSYS CFX components can be run in two modes:

• As standalone applications started from the ANSYS CFX Launcher and independent of the ANSYS Workbenchsoftware. This mode is described in Using the CFX Launcher (p. 41).

• As applications launched from ANSYS Workbench.

This chapter describes using ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench:

• The ANSYS Workbench Interface (p. 43)

• An Introduction to Workflow in ANSYS Workbench (p. 49)

• Design Exploration Interface (p. 51)

• ANSYS CFX Tutorials and ANSYS Workbench (p. 52)

• Tips on Using ANSYS Workbench (p. 52)

NoteThis chapter assumes that you are familiar with using ANSYS CFX in standalone mode. You shouldconsult the ANSYS Workbench help for more detailed information on ANSYS Workbench.

TipFor examples of using ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench, see the following tutorials:

• Oscillating Plate with Two-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction (p. 339) in ANSYS CFX Tutorials

• Aerodynamic & Structural Performance of a Centrifugal Compressor (p. 377) in ANSYS CFXTutorials

For a list of limitations when using ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench, see ANSYS CFX in ANSYSWorkbench (p. 14).

The ANSYS Workbench InterfaceTo launch ANSYS Workbench, from the Start menu select All Programs > ANSYS 12.0 > Workbench.

The ANSYS Workbench interface is organized to make it easy to choose a system (a group of components) thatwill enable you to solve particular types of problems. Once you have chosen a system from the Toolbox and movedit into the Project Schematic, supporting features such as Properties and Messages provide orienting information.These features and the status indicators in the system cells guide you through the completion of the System steps.

The figure that follows shows ANSYS Workbench with a Fluid Flow (CFX) analysis system open and the propertiesof cell A2 (Geometry) displayed:

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The following sections describe the main ANSYS Workbench features.

ToolboxThe Toolbox shows the systems available to you:

Analysis SystemsSystems that match the workflow required to solve particular types of problems. For example, the Fluid Flow(CFX) system contains tools for creating the geometry, performing the meshing, setting up the solver, usingthe solver to derive the solution, and viewing the results.

Component SystemsSoftware elements upon which Analysis Systems are based. For example, the CFX component system containsSetup (CFX-Pre), Solution (CFX-Solver Manager), and Results (CFD-Post). The Results component systemcontains only Results (CFD-Post).

Custom SystemsSystems that combine separate analysis systems. For example, the FSI: Fluid Flow (CFX) > Static Structuralsystem combines ANSYS CFX and the Mechanical application to perform a unidirectional (that is, one-way)Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) analysis.

Design ExplorationSystems that enable you to see parametric change of outputs in relation to changing inputs.

NoteWhich systems are shown in the Toolbox depends on the licenses that exist on your system. You canhide systems by enabling View > Toolbox Customization and clearing the check box beside the nameof the system you want to hide.

To begin using a system, drag it into the Project Schematic area.

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Toolbox

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Project SchematicThe Project Schematic enables you to manage the process of solving your CFD problem. It keeps track of yourfiles and shows the actions available as you work on a project. At each step you can select the operations that processor modify the case you are solving.

When you move a system from the Analysis Systems toolbox to the Project Schematic, you will see a set of toolssimilar to the following:

Each white cell represents a step in solving a problem. Right-click the cell to see what options are available for youto complete a step.

Many cells launch specialized software that enables you to perform the task required by that step. For example, ina Fluid Flow (CFX) system:

• Geometry > New Geometry launches DesignModeler.

• Mesh > Edit launches the Meshing Application (from which you have the option of running CFX-Mesh).

• Setup > Edit launches CFX-Pre.

• Solution > Edit launches CFX-Solver Manager.

• Results > Edit launches CFD-Post.

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Project Schematic

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However, the system cells are not simply launching other software, they operate to advance the workflow. Forexample, if the Mesh cell is in the state Update required, you will not be able to launch CFX-Pre from the Setupcell until the Mesh cell has been updated.

View BarYou control which views are displayed by opening the View menu and setting a check mark beside the view youwant to display. If you minimize that view, it appears as a tab in the View Bar and the check box is cleared fromthe View menu.

Properties ViewThe Properties view is a table whose entries describe the status of a system. These entries vary between systemcells and are affected by the status of the cell. Some entries in the Properties area are writable; others are forinformation only.

To display the Properties for a particular cell, right-click on the cell and select Properties. Once the Propertiesview is open, simply selecting a cell in the Project Schematic will display that cell's properties.

The following properties are specific to ANSYS CFX components:

Setup Cell Properties

Provides information about the current settings in ANSYS CFX-Pre and describes howto adjust them. This information includes details on any physics validation errors that

Physics Status

require attention before the solution can update (which is the same information that isavailable in the CFX-Pre physics validation summary).

Solution Cell Properties

Update from Initial Conditions causes CFX-Solver Manager to use either an upstreamsolution cell, the Initial Values definitions on the Define Run dialog of CFX-Solver

Initialization Optiona

Manager, or the initial conditions from the current state of the Setup cell. (To have thistake effect, you have to remove any generated information by right-clicking on ClearGenerated Data on the Solution cell; that is, the Solution cell cannot be in an up-to-dateor interrupted state.)

Update from Current Solution Data if possible causes CFX-Solver to use the previoussolution (if this exists) as its initial conditions.

If there is no previous solution run, CFX-Solver will use either an upstream solutioncell, the Initial Values definitions on the Define Run dialog of CFX-Solver Manager,or the initial conditions from the current state of the Setup cell.

NoteThis is the default setting, which is not desirable for the second andsubsequent updates of transient cases, for starting from initial conditionsprovided by another system, or for a situation in which you have divergentresults and do not want to start an update from those bad results.

Controls whether the update proceeds as a Background Task or a Foreground Task.Update Option

• During a foreground update, the user interface strictly limits what you can do (youcannot edit other cells, save, quit, etc.)

• During a background update, the user interface allows other operations and updateson other cells to take place, and you can also save and quit the project.

After saving and quitting, the solver run will still continue. You can re-open theproject and use the Reconnect button to access data that was put into batch mode.

A foreground update that is in progress can be made into a background update by usingthe Switch to background context menu option. This action will not change the UpdateOption setting for the next run.

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View Bar

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Choose Load only the last results to load only the last configuration of amulti-configuration results file, or only the last results from a results file that containsa run history, into CFD-Post.

Multi-configuration PostProcessor Load Optionsb

Choose Load complete history as: a single case to load all configurations of amulti-configuration run as a single case, or all of the results history from a results filethat contains a run history. In either case, only one set of results will appear in theCFD-Post viewer, but you can use the timestep selector to move between results. Thisoption is not fully supported.

Choose Load complete history as: separate cases to load all configurations from amulti-configuration run into separate cases. If a results file with run history is loaded,CFD-Post loads the results from this file and the results for any results file in its runhistory as separate cases. Each result appears as a separate entry in the tree.

Results Cell Properties

Select this check box to automatically publish a report. The location of the report isdisplayed in the Files view.

Generate Report

aThis setting synchronizes interactively with changes in the Initialization Option setting in the ANSYS CFX-Solver Manager's Define Rundialog.bFor details, see Configurations (p. 221) in ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide.

Files ViewThe Files view shows the files that are in the current project. The project files are updated constantly, and any “save”operation from the ANSYS CFX components will save all files associated with the project.

ImportantAlthough the Files View reveals the data files that make up a project, you should not attempt to manipulatethese files directly, as project data management will proceed unaware of your changes and withunpredictable results.

ANSYS CFX Files in ANSYS WorkbenchANSYS Workbench associates data with system cells. This data may be stored in different ways, including as partof the ANSYS Workbench project file or as separate files. When files are generated, they appear in the Files view.This view can be used to identify which files are associated with each cell.

The table that follows associates cell types with file types and gives typical extensions for those file types.

File Extension ExamplesFile TypeSystem Cell

.agdbGeometry FileGeometry

.cmdb (CFX-Mesh)aMesh FileMesh

.mshdb (Mesh Database File)

.cfxCFX-Pre Case FileSetup

.defa, .mdefaCFX-Solver Input File

.outaCFX-Solver Output FileSolution

.resa, .mresaCFX-Solver Results File

.trn (Transient Results File)a

.cstCFD-Post State FileResults

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File Extension ExamplesFile TypeSystem Cell

AnsysReportLogo.pngaCFD-Post Output Filesb

Report.htmla

aGenerated file (Generated files are not copied when you duplicate a system and are removed when you run the Clear Generated Data command.)bDoes not include animation files or the output of Save Picture commands.

Sidebar Help

In addition to having a visual layout that guides you through completing yourproject, you can also access Sidebar Help by pressing F1 while the mousefocus is anywhere on ANSYS Workbench. Sidebar Help is a dynamicallygenerated set of links to information appropriate for helping you withquestions you have about any of the tools and systems you currently haveopen.

Shortcuts (Context Menu Options)You can access commonly used commands by right-clicking in most areas of ANSYS Workbench. These commandsare described in the section Context Menu Options in the ANSYS Workbench help. In addition to those shortcuts,there are commands that are specific to CFX Solution cells:

Display MonitorsOpens the CFX-Solver Manager and shows either the monitors of the run in progress or, if there is no run inprogress, the results of the latest solver run associated with the cell.

Import SolutionDisplays the Open dialog, where you can specify the CFX Solver Results file to load. When the results file isloaded, the system will display only the Solution cell and the Results cell.

Continue CalculationPerforms an update of the Solution cell, completing a previously stopped run (if one is available), or otherwiserestarts the current run.

Clear Execution ControlWhen you start a solver run or when you click Save Settings on the Define Run dialog of the CFX-SolverManager, the settings from the Define Run dialog are stored for the Solution cell that launched the solver.These are the execution control settings for that cell; the Clear Execution Control command removes thosesettings.

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An Introduction to Workflow in ANSYS WorkbenchThis section walks through an example of using ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench to perform a fluid-flowanalysis. This walkthrough assumes familiarity with the basic ANSYS Workbench and ANSYS CFX applicationsand does not discuss the details of the steps within each application.

The data flow between cells (and systems) drives the workflow.

1. You begin by launching ANSYS Workbench, which opens as an unsaved project and displays the availableanalysis systems.

2. In your file system you create a directory in which to store your project files. You then select File > Save Asand save your new project to that directory. This automatically sets your working directory for this project.

3. In the Analysis Systems toolbox, double-click on Fluid Flow (CFX) to create a fluid-analysis system in theProject Schematic. (Notice that if you “hover” over systems in the Toolbox, a tool tip appears.)

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The fluid-analysis system in the Project Schematic shows the steps in performing a fluid analysis:

1. Create or import a geometry.

2. Create a mesh for the geometry.

3. Set up the analysis that will be sent to the solver.

4. Control and monitor the solver to achieve a solution.

5. Visualize the results in a post-processor and create a report.

4. In addition to showing those steps in appropriately named cells, each cell can launch a tool that will enableyou to perform the task it names. Right-click on the Geometry cell to see your options for adding a geometryto your project:

5. As you move through the cells from Geometry to Results, you can choose to launch the tool that will enableyou to complete the cell's step:

a. Create a new geometry with the DesignModeler application (Geometry cell).

b. Create a new mesh with the Meshing application (Mesh cell).

c. Edit the case with CFX-Pre (Setup cell).

d. Run the solver by updating the Solution cell, or optionally edit the Solution cell and use the Define Rundialog from CFX-Solver Manager.

e. Display of the results with CFD-Post (Results cell).

NoteYou could open a Fluid Flow (CFX) system and go immediately to the Setup cell to import anexisting case. When the case is loaded, the now-unnecessary Geometry and Mesh cells disappear.

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6. When the analysis is complete and the project is finished, you save the project (and therefore the associatedfiles). Once a project has been saved, it can be re-opened at a later date for review or modification of any aspectof the simulation.

Data Flow in Systems and Between SystemsThe cells in a system communicate status with each other. For example, when you change a mesh in the Mesh cell,the Setup cell will report that its software (CFX-Pre) requires a refresh to re-read the “upstream” data.

Similarly, the same type of data flow occurs between systems. For example, if you have an FSI: Fluid Flow system(as shown in the image below), data and status from the Fluid Flow (CFX) Geometry cell will flow both to the FluidFlow (CFX) Mesh cell and the Static Structural (ANSYS) Geometry cell. Data flow between systems is shown byinterconnecting lines:

Design Exploration InterfaceDesign Exploration enables you to modify the geometry and physics of your project so that you can determine theinfluence of selected design parameters defined in your model. You do this by declaring design input parametersin CFX-Pre (see Outline Tree View Shortcut Menu Commands (p. 5) in ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide) and inputparameters and output parameters in CFD-Post (see Expressions Tree View (p. 40) in ANSYS CFD-Post User'sGuide), then running a Design Exploration study with ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench.

You can apply a Design Exploration study to a converged project by opening the project in ANSYS Workbenchand double-clicking a Design Exploration system from the left pane. This displays the design exploration systemunder the Parameter Set bar in the Project Schematic.

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Note• A sample tutorial describing how to use Design Exploration in ANSYS CFX is available; see

Optimizing Flow in a Static Mixer (p. 359).

• For more information on using Design Exploration in ANSYS Workbench, see Design Explorationin the ANSYS Workbench help.

ANSYS CFX Tutorials and ANSYS WorkbenchThe ANSYS CFX tutorials are generally written for ANSYS CFX in standalone mode, but some also includeinformation on running the tutorial in ANSYS Workbench. For general information on doing this, see RunningANSYS CFX Tutorials in ANSYS Workbench (p. 1) in ANSYS CFX Tutorials.

The tutorial Optimizing Flow in a Static Mixer (p. 359) in ANSYS CFX Tutorials is written specifically for ANSYSWorkbench.

Tips on Using ANSYS WorkbenchThis section highlights helpful tips on using ANSYS Workbench.

• General Tips (p. 53)

• Tips for CFX/Fluid Flow Systems (p. 53)

• Tips for Parameters and Design Exploration (p. 56)

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General TipsThe following are useful tips for the general use of ANSYS CFX in ANSYS Workbench:

ANSYS Workbench InterfaceA lot of important functionality is available in the right-click menu (cells, parameter bar, etc.). Also, you shouldenable the View > Properties view and investigate options for each cell.

Compact Mode is very useful. It turns the schematic into a small non-intrusive button that is always on top, effectivelyreplacing the need for the tool bar navigation.

Setting UnitsANSYS Workbench units and options are not passed to ANSYS CFX applications; this could require you to setunits twice.

Files ViewUse the Files view to determine which files were created for each cell/system. This can be very useful if you needto do some runs or change some settings outside of ANSYS Workbench, or if you want to manually delete somebut not all files associated with a particular cell. It is easiest to find files associated with a specific cell by sortingthe view by Cell ID. This will sort the list by system and then by cell.

ANSYS Workbench Preferences: Named SelectionsThe default setting in Workbench for Named Selection is off, and a filter prefix is specified, in the Tools > Options> Geometry Import settings. In order to make sure that Named Selections specified in DM make it throughto the meshing stage, you need to enable Named Selections and clear the Filtering Prefixes.

Loading .cmdb FilesTo import a .cmdb file, you have to use the File > Import option on the main ANSYS Workbench toolbar. Thiswill import the geometry and mesh settings and create a .mshdb file.

It is not possible to read a mesh file without any reference to a geometry file, even when you select File > Importand select a .cmdb file. A Mesh system that includes a Geometry cell appears (the Geometry cell has a green tickand a red circle with "!"). If you try to link or duplicate such a system, problems are observed.

It is also not possible to read a mesh file without any reference to a geometry file when creating a mesh componentsystem first – you cannot right-click on the Mesh cell and select to Import a .cmdb file; only .gtm and .cfx filesare possible choices.

ANSYS Workbench ConnectionsWhen selecting a system in the toolbox, ANSYS Workbench will highlight the cells in any systems already in theProject Schematic to which a valid connection can be made.

Connections between systems in ANSYS Workbench are direction-dependant. This has implications in one-wayand two-way FSI cases. For example, in a one-way case you need to transfer the data from the CFX system to theStatic Structural system. As a consequence, the CFX system will be positioned to the left of the Static Structuralsystem on the schematic. For two-way FSI, the Static Structural system will be positioned to the left of the CFXsystem on the schematic.

Connections are not supported from the Setup cells of Steady-State and Transient Thermal analyses systems to theSetup cell of the Fluid Flow systems (for example, thermal two-way FSI).

Tips for CFX/Fluid Flow SystemsThe following are useful tips for the use of CFX/Fluid Flow systems in ANSYS Workbench:

Changes in BehaviorThe ability to play session files is missing in ANSYS Workbench for ANSYS CFX applications.

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Do not use Undo in CFX-Pre/CFD-Post for steps that generate data (such as Mesh import).

You cannot launch ANSYS CFX products from one another in ANSYS Workbench; you must use the system cells.

ANSYS Workbench "remembers" previous locations of imported files / projects. ANSYS CFX, however, displaysdifferent behavior for loading or saving any files, always using the directory specified in the Tools > Options >Default Folder for Permanent Files in ANSYS Workbench.

Duplicating SystemsIf you have a Fluid Flow (CFX) system, and you want to duplicate the system in such a way that the duplicate sharesGeometry and Mesh with the original system, then right-click on the Setup cell of the original Fluid Flow system(not the system header) and choose Duplicate. The CFX data associated with the original Setup cell is copied tothe duplicated Setup cell, ready for you to modify it.

If you create a set up by duplicating an existing one, the run files associated with the first schematic are namedaccording to the name of the schematic; in this release it is not possible to control the name of the run files in theduplicate schematics.

Duplication normally involves only user files (files for which you have specified settings). For ANSYS CFX, theseare the .cfx and .cst files. Other files, which are considered to be "generated" (for instance, the .def, .res,and .out files), are not duplicated.

Renaming SystemsRename all your CFX and Fluid Flow (CFX) systems to something unique and meaningful that reflects the contentsof the system, especially if there are multiple systems. The names of the files associated with the system cells willincorporate this system name when the files are first created, making it easier for you to identify the files in theFiles view. Furthermore, CFD-Post will take the system name (by default "Fluid Flow" for a Fluid Flow system)as the case name of the results in CFD-Post. Note that it is best to rename the systems as soon as they are placedon the Project Schematic, as the generated file names and/or the CFD-Post case names will not necessarily beupdated if a system is renamed after the appropriate cells already have associated data (for example, a .cfx filewith the Setup cell). It may be useful to reset the Results cell to update the CFD-Post case name if the system isrenamed, but you will lose any existing CFD-Post settings and objects by doing this.

Updating CellsWhen you connect an up-to-date Mesh cell to the Setup cell of a CFX or a Fluid Flow (CFX) system, the Mesh cellbecomes out-of-date because the relevant data needs to be created. You must update the Mesh cell.

If a second identical component system is added (CFX+CFX or Fluent+Fluent), there is no need to update the projectagain. An update of the project is required if a different system component is added (CFX+Fluent or Fluent+CFX).

Setup CellChanging the Mesh Import options (for example, relating to Names Selections or Contact settings) for importing amesh from a Mesh cell into a Setup cell (CFX-Pre) is not straightforward. The Setup cell will use whatever optionsare stored in your preferences file at the time when the mesh is imported. You can change these settings by usingTools > Options or by using the Mesh Import form in stand-alone CFX-Pre (choosing Use settings next time).The next time you refresh the Setup cell with a new Mesh, CFX-Pre will use the new mesh import settings. In somecircumstances this could lead to unexpected results, for example if you were relying on a specific set of NamedSelection options to identify your regions but changed these settings when working on another project.

If you make changes to the execution control in CFX-Pre while you have CFX-Solver Manager open, you need toclick the Refresh button on the Define Run dialog in order to make sure that the CFX-Solver Manager re-readsthe new information from the CFX-Solver Input file.

Solution CellWhen you edit the Solution cell, the Define Run dialog of the CFX-Solver Manager has a Save Settings button.Clicking this button associates the settings on the dialog with the Solution cell and closes the dialog. You must nowupdate the Solution cell to run the CFX-Solver.

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Always check that the setting of the Initialization Option is correct for each Solution cell in any CFX-relatedsystem. This can be viewed and set using the Properties view on the Solution cell, or can be set on the Define Rundialog of the CFX-Solver Manager. The default Initialization Option is set to Update from Current SolutionData.

• If you perform a solver run and then want to re-run it using the first solver run to provide initialization, thenyou can leave the Initialization Option set to Update from Current Solution Data.

• If you perform a solver run and then want to re-run it using the original initialization (provided from anotherSolution cell, or provided from a specified Initial Values file, or specified in CFX-Pre), then you must eitherselect Clear Generated Data on the Solution cell before making the re-run, or set the Initialization Option toUpdate from Initial Conditions. Otherwise, the run will continue from the previous results, and a transientrun will continue from the last timestep of the previous run, rather than from the beginning

• If you perform a solver run and want to re-run it using a specified initialization file, you have to Clear GeneratedData on the Solution cell, edit the Solution cell to change the Initialization Option in the CFX-Solver Managerto Initial Conditions, set the name of the Initial Values file, and then either Start Run, or Save Settings andUpdate the cell to perform a new run (otherwise, the run will continue from the previous results).

After running the CFX solver multiple times within the same system, for example when updating the solution orcontinuing the calculation, you may accumulate unwanted results files from the previous runs. Consider using Resetor Clear Generated Data on the Solution cell before re-running the CFX-Solver on this cell. This deletes all thefiles from any previous run on that cell (for example, all CFX-Solver Results and CFX-Solver Output files), andprevents the project from getting too large. If you do not want to clear all the files, but want to clear some of them,then open the Files view (ANSYS Workbench View > Files) and sort the list by Cell ID (which is actually the cellcoordinates, not the ID). Scroll down to the results file(s) for the desired Solution cell ID. Because you cannotdirectly delete the files from the view, right-click on a result file and select Open Containing Folder. This opensthe folder in Windows Explorer, where you can then remove the unwanted files. After doing this, you may wish toremove the obsolete file references from the list in the Files view. Multi-select all the red files (sort by ascendingsize to get them all together) and choose to Remove <file> from List to get ANSYS Workbench to remove themfrom the Files view completely.

If multiple large CFX-Solver Results files (in particular the .res files) are associated with one system, it mighttake a long time to make changes to the system if the project has been saved (or reloaded) (that is, whenever a.backup directory is created). Deleting all CFX-Solver Results files except the latest (as described above) wouldreduce this time.

If you set the CFX-Solver to Background mode and shut down ANSYS Workbench, upon restarting ANSYSWorkbench and reopening the project, if the solver run has not completed, you will need to use the Reconnectbutton to continue monitoring the solver run.

The information at end of a CFX-Solver Output file shows only the temporary location for the CFX-Solver Resultsfile, not the final location. The correct locations can be found in the Files view.

CFX-Solver Results files (in particular the .res files) are associated with the Solution cell, not the Results cell.This means that a CFX-Solver Results file cannot be imported onto a Results cell; it can be imported onto a Solutioncell of a Fluid Flow or CFX system. Similarly, resetting the Results cell will not remove the CFX-Solver Resultsfile.

Results CellIn ANSYS Workbench, the state of CFD-Post is associated with the Results cell. To maintain multiple states, youmust generate multiple Results systems. For your convenience, you can provide a unique name for each system.

To perform a file comparison in CFD-Post, drag a Solution cell from another system to the Results cell.

You can have CFD-Post generate report output at every update (by setting Generate Reports in Results cell Propertiesview). The .html file is visible in the Files view: right-click on it, select Open containing folder, and double-clickon the file in the explorer to see the report in a browser.

When updating existing Results cell data (with CFD-Post open) where a turbo chart with an averaged variable wasused (for example, turbo reports), a warning dialog may appear reporting that "No data exists for variable …" Thiswarning can be ignored.

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You can change the CFD-Post multi-configuration load options (available on the Load Results panel of CFD-Postwhen in standalone mode) by editing the Properties of the Solution cell. This is a property of the Solution cell,rather than the Results cell.

Recovering After Deleting FilesIf you accidentally delete the current .def, .res or .out files for a CFX system and the Solution cell status isup-to-date, you may get errors when trying to display the solution monitor or edit the Results cell. In this case youwill need to replace the files in the File Manager, or Reset the Solution cell, and update the system. If the .deffile is missing, you may also need to Clear Generated Data for the Setup cell before updating the system.

Backwards Compatibility When ANSYS CFX Files Exist in the OriginalProject

When importing a .wbdb file (that contains .agdb, .cmdb, .cfx, and .res files), only a Mesh system isimported instead of a "Fluid Flow (CFX)" analysis system. You need to drag a CFX system and associate the fileswith this system.

Pointers to the original CFX files are present in the Files view. Using the right-click option Import Onto Schematic,a copy of the file is taken and an associated system is generated with the copy - however the Files view now seemsto have two versions of the same file.

You can drag a CFX system and associate the files with this system, manually importing the file into the correctcell.

ANSYS Workbench does not support directly importing legacy FSI cases, so you have to create a CFX system fromthe legacy CFX-Solver Results file, manually link it to the Static Structural system, suppress the old load in StaticStructural, and update it to import the load in the proper format from the CFX system.

Files that are moved or deleted and that were previously associated with a cell in the project schematic will behighlighted in red in the Files view. There are right-click options to Remove or Repair the files. You should beaware that ANSYS Workbench will ensure that the file is repaired using a file of a similar type but not necessarilythe same name (or contents). If the contents of the repaired file do not match those of the original file, unexpectedresults may be produced or the case will fail.

License SharingIf you are using license sharing in ANSYS Workbench, you can use only one license for CFX-Pre/CFD-Post evenif you have more available. This has implications if, for example, you want to run a long animation in CFD-Postand use CFX-Pre at the same time. If you know you are going to be working with CFX-Pre and CFD-Post at thesame time, you need to change the license-sharing setting before starting your project.

Tips for Parameters and Design ExplorationThe following are useful tips for the use of Parameters and Design Exploration:

Saving Files/Exported Design PointsWhen using design points with ANSYS CFX, check the Exported box next to the design point in the Table ofDesign Points if you want to save and review the solver files. This will export the design point as a project that canbe loaded and reviewed later. Beware that subsequent changes to the design point values for an exported designpoint will also overwrite the exported project save. If you want to keep the original, make a copy of the exportedproject.

Number of Design PointsDuring a parametric study, the original set of files used to set a problem up is copied for each design point, usingfile space. To minimize the use of file space, minimize the number of unnecessary design points.

When working with exported design points, you should limit the project schematic only to systems that are involvedin the design point changes. Having other systems (for example, a CFX system) in the project that are not involvedin the design point update will mean duplication of these systems' database/results files for every exported designpoint, and this can use a significant amount of disk space.

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If you generate a large number of design points in a Design of Experiments (DOE), it is possible that a smallproportion of them will fail to update, preventing the DOE cell from becoming up-to-date. In such a case, you cannotcontinue with the rest of this Design Exploration analysis. The DOE can be modified to remove these failing DesignPoints by selecting Design of Experiments > Type > Custom and then manually deleting failed runs. Providingsufficient design points remain for adequate analysis then the DOE can be updated and you can continue with theanalysis

Obtaining Solutions for Design PointsWhen running design points with a CFX system with a specified solver maximum residual criterion, you shouldalways set the minimum solution iterations to at least 3 in the Solver Control panel. If this setting is left at the default"1", the solver may stop after one or two iterations, falsely believing convergence has been reached.

If you have selected the solution to Update from Current Solution Data (default setting), you may need to choosethe input parameter values wisely for the Current design point because it will be the starting solution for all otherdesign points. To avoid this situation, set Update from Initial Conditions as an Initialization Option in theCFX-Solver Manager before updating the design points.

The CFX-Solver Background ModeIn a Design Points study, if you have set the CFX-Solver to Background mode (an adequate number of licenses arerequired for this), none of the design points will become up-to-date until all the solver jobs have finished. This isnot the case when the CFX-Solver has been set to Foreground mode (the default setting), where each design pointbecomes up-to-date, before the next one commences updating. The former option, though, can prove more efficientin terms of speed, especially in the case of long runs on multi-core configurations.

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Chapter 7. Help On HelpThis chapter discusses:

• CFX Documentation Structure (p. 59)

• Document Conventions (p. 59)

• Accessing Online Help (p. 61)

• Using the Help Browser Index (p. 62)

• Using the Search Feature (p. 62)

• Bookmarking Useful Help Pages (p. 63)

CFX Documentation StructureThe CFX documentation can be found in PDF form in<CFXROOT>..\commonfiles\help\en-us\CFX\help\pdf\ on Windows and in<CFXROOT>../commonfiles/help/en-us/CFX/help/pdf/ on UNIX. In the PDF names that follow,“*” can be:

• fp for ANSYS CFD-Post

• x for ANSYS CFX

PDF NameDescriptionBook

xintr.pdfAn overview of CFD and the CFX softwareANSYS CFX Introduction

*tutr.pdfA set of tutorials that demonstrate the workflow(fptutr.pdf is the ANSYS CFD-Post Tutorials;xtutr.pdf is the ANSYS CFX Tutorials)

ANSYS CFX Tutorials

xpre.pdfHow to use ANSYS CFX-Pre, the pre-processor forANSYS CFX

ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide

xmod.pdfHow to use the physical models implemented in theCFX-Solver

ANSYS CFX-Solver ModelingGuide

xthry.pdfDescribes the mathematical details of the models usedin the CFX-Solver and also how the CFX-Solversolves flow equations

ANSYS CFX-Solver TheoryGuide

xmgr.pdfHow to use the CFX-Solver Manager to control aCFD simulation

ANSYS CFX-Solver ManagerUser's Guide

fpuser.pdf,xpost.pdf

How to post-process a results file (fpuser.pdf is forthe standalone version of ANSYS CFD-Post;xpost.pdf is for ANSYS CFD-Post in ANSYS CFX)

ANSYS CFD-Post User'sGuide

*ref.pdfBest-practices guides and complete details for APIs,CFX Command Language, CFX Expression

ANSYS CFX Reference Guide

Language, functions, and variables (fpref.pdf is theANSYS CFD-Post Tutorials; xref.pdf is the ANSYSCFX Tutorials)

Document ConventionsThis section describes the conventions used in this document to distinguish between text, file names, system messages,and input that you need to type.

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Spelling ConventionsANSYS CFX documentation uses American spelling:

• atomization rather than atomisation

• color rather than colour

• customization rather than customisation

• discretization rather than discretisation

• initialization rather than initialisation

• meter rather than metre

• normalization rather than normalisation

• vapor rather than vapour

• vaporization rather than vaporisation

When searching, use American spellings:

Search for:For:

Color Map (or try Color Map Command (p. 139) in ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)Colour Map

Color Mode (or try Color Mode (p. 120) in ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)Colour Mode

Color Scale (or try Color Scale (p. 17) in ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)Colour Scale

Color Tab (or try Color Details Tab (p. 16) in ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)Colour Tab

Customization (or try Customization (p. 35) in ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide)Customisation

Domain Initialization (or try Domain: Initialization Tab (p. 123) in ANSYS CFX-PreUser's Guide)

Domain Initialisation

Global Initialization (or try Initialization (p. 123) in ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide)Global Initialisation

Initialization Tab (or try Initialization Tab (p. 101) in ANSYS CFX-Pre User's Guide)Initialisation Tab

Turbo Initialization (or try Turbo Initialization (p. 186) in ANSYS CFD-Post User'sGuide)

Turbo Initialisation

Auto-initialize (or try Requirements for Initialization (p. 186) in ANSYS CFD-Post User'sGuide)

Auto-initialise

Uninitialize (or try Uninitializing Components (p. 187) in ANSYS CFD-Post User'sGuide)

Uninitialise

Initialize All Components (or try Initialize All Components (p. 187) in ANSYS CFD-PostUser's Guide)

Initialise AllComponents

Undefined Color (or try Undefined Color (p. 17) in ANSYS CFD-Post User's Guide)Undefined Colour

Synchronize Camera (or try Case Comparison (p. 181) in ANSYS CFD-Post User'sGuide)

Synchronise Camera

File and Directory NamesFile names and directory names appear in a plain fixed-width font (for example, /usr/lib). Note that on UNIX,directory names are separated by forward slashes (/) but on Windows, back slashes are used (\). For example, adirectory name on UNIX might be /CFX/bin whereas on a Windows system, the same directory would be named\CFX\bin.

User InputInput to be typed verbatim is shown in the following convention:

mkdir /usr/local/cfx

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Spelling Conventions

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Input SubstitutionInput substitution is shown in the following convention:

cfx5 -def <def_file>

you should actually type cfx5 -def, and substitute a suitable value for <def_file>.

Optional ArgumentsOptional arguments are shown using square brackets:

cfx5export -cgns [-verbose] <file>

Here the argument -verbose is optional, but you must specify a suitable file name.

Long CommandsCommands that are too long to display on a printed page are shown with “\” characters at the ends of intermediatelines:

cfx5export -cgns [-boundary] [-corrected] [-C] \ [-domain <number>] [-geometry] [-help] [-name <file>] \ [-summary] [-timestep <number>] [-user <level>] [-norotate] \ [-boundaries-as-nodes|-boundaries-as-faces] [-verbose] <file>

On a UNIX system, you may type the “\” characters, pressing Enter after each. However, on a Windows machineyou must enter the whole command without the “\” characters; continue typing if the command is too long to fit inthe command prompt window and press Enter only at the end of the complete command.

Operating System NamesWhen we refer to objects that depend on the type of system being used, we will use one of the following symbolsin the text:

<os> refers to the short form of the name which CFX uses to identify the operating system in question. <os> willgenerally be used for directory names where the contents of the directory depend on the operating system but donot depend on the release of the operating system or on the processor type. Wherever you see <os> in the text youshould substitute with the operating system name. The correct value for a UNIX system can be determined byrunning:

<CFXROOT>/bin/cfx5info -os

On a Windows system, <os> will always be windows.

<arch> refers to the long form of the name that CFX uses to identify the system architecture in question. <arch>will generally be used for directory names where the contents of the directory depend on the operating system andon the release of the operating system or the processor type. Wherever you see <arch> in the text you shouldsubstitute the appropriate value for your system, which can be determined by running the UNIX command:

<CFXROOT>/bin/cfx5info -arch

Accessing Online HelpThere are several different ways to access the online help system:

• Select one of the appropriate commands from the Help menu of the ANSYS CFX Launcher or ANSYSWorkbench.

• Click on a feature of the CFX interface to make it active and, with the mouse pointer over the feature, press theF1 key (the Help key on Sun workstations) for context-sensitive help. Not every area of the interface supportscontext-sensitive help.

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If CHM Files Cannot be Accessed Over a NetworkMicrosoft Security Update 896358 makes it impossible to view parts of a CHM file that is stored on a networkdrive, although the CHM Viewer will open. Network Configuration installations typically require you to open theCHM file on a network shared folder.

If all the computers on your intranet are secure, you can perform the following steps to lower the restrictions on theLocal Intranet zone and thus enable CHM files to display:

1. Click Start > Run. The Run dialog box opens.

2. Type regedit and then click OK.

3. Locate and then click the following subkey:

HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\HTMLHelp\1.x\ItssRestrictions

If this registry subkey does not exist, create it.

4. Right-click the ItssRestrictions subkey and select New > DWORD Value.

5. Type MaxAllowedZone and then press Enter.

6. Right-click the MaxAllowedZone value, and then select Modify.

7. In the Value data field, type 1 and then click OK.

8. Quit the Registry Editor.

If this solution does not work for you, see http://support.microsoft.com/kb/896358 andhttp://support.microsoft.com./kb/896054 for more information.

Adjusting Font Sizes in Online HelpIf you are viewing the help in UNIX, you can change the font size on your display by tapping + and –.

If you are viewing the help in Windows, you can increase/decrease the font size by holding down the Ctrl key andsliding the mouse wheel up or down.

Using the Help Browser IndexThe Index tab of the help browser allows you to search for index terms and display the associated topics.

To find a topic using the index:

1. In the field at the top, type the first few letters of a keyword. The keyword list scrolls to the relevant keywordsas you type. As keywords are selected, one or more topic titles appears in the topics list below.

2. Select a topic from the list, then click the Display button (Windows) or Open button (UNIX).

Results from the Help index will not be exhaustive, so you should consider using the Search function as well. SeeUsing the Search Feature (p. 62).

Using the Search FeatureThe Search tab of the help browser enables you to perform searches through the online help.

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If you are running on Windows, you can search for a phrase by wrapping the phrase in quotes. In this case, youmay want to turn off the Match similar words option to avoid returning extra search results for phrases made fromsimilar words.

NoteThe Search titles only option restricts searches to titles of chapters and major sections, but not allsections.

Bookmarking Useful Help PagesWindows users who come across a help page that they expect to refer to in the future can add it to a Favorites page.With the help page displayed, click on the Favorites tab, then click Add.

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Chapter 8. Contact InformationThis chapter discusses:

• How to Contact ANSYS Customer Service (p. 65)

• ANSYS Customer Portal (p. 65)

Technical Support for ANSYS products is provided either by ANSYS, Inc. directly or by one of our certified ANSYSSupport Providers. Please check with the ANSYS Support Coordinator (ASC) at your company to determine whoprovides support for your company. You can also locate your support provider contact information from the ANSYSCustomer Service page on the ANSYS Website (www.ansys.com) under Services > Technical Support > DesignatedService Providers. The direct URL is: http://www1.ansys.com/customer/public/supportlist.asp. If your support isprovided by ANSYS, Inc., please use the contact information listed in the following sections.

How to Contact ANSYS Customer ServiceANSYS aims to provide high-quality software, documentation, and product support. To help achieve this goal, wemaintain technical support centers around the world. Please consider using the Customer Portal as described in thenext section.

ANSYS Customer PortalTechnical Support can be accessed quickly and efficiently from the ANSYS Customer Portal, which is availablefrom the ANSYS Website (www.ansys.com) under Services > Technical Support where the Customer Portal islocated. The direct URL is: http://www.ansys.com/customerportal.

One of the many useful features of the Customer Portal is the Knowledge Base Search, where you can find solutionsto various types of problems, like FAQ. The Knowledge Base Search feature is located under Online Support >Search Options > Solutions Search.

NoteSystem and installation Knowledge Resources, and FAQ are easily accessible here. These KnowledgeResources provide a range of solutions and direction on how to get installation and licensing issuesresolved quickly.

If you have problems contacting any of our offices, please consider one of the following options:

Select the Support tab on the ANSYS Customer Portal(http://www.ansys.com/customerportal)

Web:

1.800.711.7199Toll-Free Telephone:

1.724.514.3600Telephone:

724.514.5096Fax:

For further global contact information please go to http://www.ansys.com/corporate/locations.asp

To help us respond quickly to your question, we will request the following information from you:

• Customer information (Customer ID if available, your name, company name, and address)

• Product and platform information (product name and version; a detailed description of the question/problem,and computer type and operating system)

• Any files relevant to your problem, if needed.

If you send files via email from a UNIX system, please compress and uuencode the files before sending them.

If you have system-related problems once the software has been installed, information about any local customizationof CFX which may have taken place can be obtained as follows:

Run the CFX launcher, choose the Show > Show All command from the menu, and save the messages to a file.Include this file with your email.

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Chapter 9. Legal Notice InformationCopyright and Trademark Information

© 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved. Unauthorized use, distribution, or duplication is prohibited.

ANSYS, ANSYS Workbench, Ansoft, AUTODYN, EKM, Engineering Knowledge Manager, CFX, FLUENT,HFSS and any and all ANSYS, Inc. brand, product, service and feature names, logos and slogans are registeredtrademarks or trademarks of ANSYS, Inc. or its subsidiaries in the United States or other countries. ICEM CFD isa trademark used by ANSYS, Inc. under license. CFX is a trademark of Sony Corporation in Japan. All other brand,product, service and feature names or trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

Disclaimer NoticeTHIS ANSYS SOFTWARE PRODUCT AND PROGRAM DOCUMENTATION INCLUDE TRADE SECRETSAND ARE CONFIDENTIAL AND PROPRIETARY PRODUCTS OF ANSYS, INC., ITS SUBSIDIARIES, ORLICENSORS. The software products and documentation are furnished by ANSYS, Inc., its subsidiaries, or affiliatesunder a software license agreement that contains provisions concerning non-disclosure, copying, length and natureof use, compliance with exporting laws, warranties, disclaimers, limitations of liability, and remedies, and otherprovisions. The software products and documentation may be used, disclosed, transferred, or copied only inaccordance with the terms and conditions of that software license agreement.

ANSYS, Inc. is certified to ISO 9001:2008.

ANSYS UK Ltd. is a UL registered ISO 9001:2000 company.

U.S. Government RightsFor U.S. Government users, except as specifically granted by the ANSYS, Inc. software license agreement, the use,duplication, or disclosure by the United States Government is subject to restrictions stated in the ANSYS, Inc.software license agreement and FAR 12.212 (for non-DOD licenses).

Third-Party SoftwareThis product contains the following licensed software which requires reproduction of the following notices.

ACIS and ACIS Geometric Modeler are registered trademarks of Spatial Technology, Inc.

Copyright 1984-1989, 1994 Adobe Systems Incorporated. Copyright 1988, 1994 Digital Equipment Corporation.Permission to use,copy,modify,distribute and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose and withoutfee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notices appear in all copies and that both those copyrightnotices and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the names of Adobe Systems andDigital Equipment Corporation not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the softwarewithout specific, written prior permission. Adobe Systems & Digital Equipment Corporation make no representationsabout the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

Adobe and Acrobat are registered trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated

ANTLR 3: Copyright (c) 2005 Terence Parr. All rights reserved. Redistribution and use in source and binary forms,with or without modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are met: (1) Redistributions ofsource code must retain the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer. (2)Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright notice, this list of conditions and the followingdisclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution. (3) Neither the name of theauthor nor the names of its contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this softwarewithout specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" ANDANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED

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WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AREDISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FORANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSSOF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANYTHEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDINGNEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVENIF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

(c) 1999 by the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. Certain derivative work portions have beencopyrighted by the Numerical Algorithms Group Ltd.

CGNS is a CFD data standard maintained by the CGNS Steering Committee. For details on the policy governingthe distribution of the CGNS standard and software see: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/cgns/charter/principles.htmland for the CGNS License: http://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/cgns/charter/license.html.

CHEMKIN and KINetics are registered trademarks from Reaction Design

Compaq is a registered trademark of Compaq Computer Corporation

2D DCM from D-Cubed Ltd.

FLEXlm and FLEXnet are trademarks of Macrovision Corporation.

GHS3D meshing technology by P. L. George, INRIA, France.

GIF: ppmtogif.c - read a portable pixmap and produce a GIF file Based on GIFENCOD by David Rowley<[email protected]>.A Lempel-Zim compression based on "compress". Copyright (C) 1989 by JefPoskanzer. Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purposeand without fee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both thatcopyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation. This software is provided "as is"without express or implied warranty. The Graphics Interchange Format(c) is the Copyright property of CompuServeIncorporated. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of CompuServe Incorporated.

The Graphics Interchange format (c) is the Copyright property of Compuserve Incorporated. Gif(sm) is a ServiceMark property of Compuserve Incorporated.

GNU Fortran http://gcc.gnu.org is licensed under The GNU General Public License (GPL) Version 2 June 1991Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307USA

ANSYS, Inc. will provide you with a complete machine-readable copy of the source code, valid for three years.The source code can be obtained by contacting ANSYS, Inc.

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is notallowed. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FORTHE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISESTATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM"AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUTNOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THEPROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGR4AM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COSTOF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

See GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL) (p. 73) for a complete listing of the GNU GENERAL PUBLICLICENSE.

The GNU Standard C++ Library http://gcc.gnu.org is licensed under The GNU General Public License (GPL)Version 2 June 1991 Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston,MA 02111-1307 USA

ANSYS, Inc. will provide you with a complete machine-readable copy of the source code, valid for three years.The source code can be obtained by contacting ANSYS, Inc.

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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is notallowed. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FORTHE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISESTATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM"AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUTNOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THEPROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGR4AM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COSTOF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

See GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL) (p. 73) for a complete listing of the GNU GENERAL PUBLICLICENSE.

gzip http://www.gzip.org [http://www.gzip.org/] is licensed under The GNU General Public License (GPL) Version2 June 1991 Copyright © 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA02111-1307 USA

ANSYS, Inc. will provide you with a complete machine-readable copy of the source code, valid for three years.The source code can be obtained by contacting ANSYS, Inc. at [email protected].

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is notallowed. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FORTHE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISESTATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM"AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUTNOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THEPROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGR4AM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COSTOF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

See GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL) (p. 73) for a complete listing of the GNU GENERAL PUBLICLICENSE.

HP Fortran RTL #385 for Tru64 UNIX Alpha Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 2002. All rights reservedRestricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth insubparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of DFARS 252.227-7013, or in FAR 52.227-19, or in FAR 52.227-14 Alt. III, as applicable.HP C++ Shared RTL for Tru64 UNIX Alpha Copyright Hewlett-Packard Company 2002. All rights reserved.Restricted Rights: Use, duplication, or disclosure by the U.S. Government is subject to restrictions as set forth insubparagraph (c) (1) (ii) of DFARS 252.227-7013, or in FAR 52.227-19, or in FAR 52.227-14 Alt. III, as applicable.Contains IBM XL Fortran for AIX Version 7.1 Release 1.1 Runtime Modules Copyright IBM Corporation 1990,1997. All Rights Reserved

htmlArea License (based on BSD license) Copyright (c) 2002, interactivetools.com, inc. All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that thefollowing conditions are met: 1) Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list ofconditions and the following disclaimer. 2) Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyrightnotice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials providedwith the distribution. 3) Neither the name of interactivetools.com, inc. nor the names of its contributors may beused to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" ANDANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIEDWARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AREDISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FORANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES(INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSSOF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANYTHEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDINGNEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVENIF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.

IGES is a trademark of IGES Data Analysis, Inc

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Intel is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation

Inventor and Mechanical Desktop are registered trademarks of Autodesk, Inc.

java service wrapper http://wrapper.tanukisoftware.org/doc/english/licenseServer.htmll is licensed underCommunity Software License Agreement Version 1.0 Copyright © 1999, 2006 Tanuki Software, Inc.

ANSYS, Inc. will provide you with a complete machine-readable copy of the source code, valid for three years.The source code can be obtained by contacting ANSYS, Inc. at [email protected].

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Java Service Wrapper andassociated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including withoutlimitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sub-license, and/or sell copies of the Software,and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of theSoftware.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS ORCOPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHERIN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTIONWITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

See Community Software License Agreement (p. 77) for a complete listing of the Community Software LicenseAgreement.

jdk http://java.sun.com/javase/ is licensed under Sun's Binary Code License.

This software is based in part on the work of the Independent JPEG Group.

Copyright 2004 Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, California 95054, U.S.A. All rightsreserved. Sun Microsystems, Inc. has intellectual property rights relating to technology embodied in this product.In particular, and without limitation, these intellectual property rights may include one or more of the U.S. patentslisted at http://www.sun.com/patents and one or more additional patents or pending patent applications in the U.S.and other countries. This product is distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying distribution, anddecompilation. No part of this product may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior writtenauthorization of Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted andlicensed from Sun suppliers. Portions Copyright Eastman Kodak Company 1992. This product includes codelicensed from RSA Data Security. This product includes software developed by the Apache Software Foundation(http://www.apache.org). Portions licensed from Taligent, Inc. This software is based in part on the work of theIndependent JPEG Group. The Graphics Interchange Format is the Copyright property of CompuServe Incorporated.Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, Java, Solaris, J2SE, the Duke logo, the Java Coffee Cup logo and the Solarislogo are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARCtrademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in theU.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon architecture developed by SunMicrosystems, Inc. UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed throughX/Open Company, Ltd. Lucida is a registered trademark or trademark of Bigelow & Holmes in the U.S. And othercountries. GIF(sm) is a Service Mark property of CompuServe Incorporated. Federal Acquisitions: CommercialSoftware - Government Users Subject to Standard License Terms and Conditions.

CONTAINS IBM(R) 64-bit Runtime Environment for AIX(TM), Java(TM) 2 Technology Edition, Version 1.4Modules (c) Copyright IBM Corporation 1999, 2002 All Rights Reserved

Visual MainWin® Copyright 2002 Mainsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Mainsoft, Mainwin, the softwareporting company, e-porting, the e-porting company, and Visual MainWin are trademarks or registered trademarksof Mainsoft Corporation in the United States and/or foreign countries.

Mesa Library license requirements: Copyright (C) 1999-2005 Brian Paul All Rights Reserved.

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associateddocumentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the

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rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permitpersons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of theSoftware.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL BRIAN PAUL BE LIABLEFOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORTOR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USEOR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Mesa Component Licenses also apply. Reference http://mesa3d.sourceforge.net/.

Meschach Library Copyright (C) 1993 David E. Steward & Zbigniew Leyk, all rights reserved.

METIS 4.0.1 Copyright 1997, Regents of the University of Minnesota. METIS was written by George Karypis([email protected])

Our policy regarding the distribution of METIS with third-party applications is as follows: Non-commericalapplications METIS can be freely distributed provided that proper references are included and the originaldocumentation and copyright notice is included.

Commercial applications METIS cab be freekt distributed provided that proper references are included, the originaldocumentation and copyright notice is included and METIS is a relatively small portion of the overall application.In either case, permission to distribute/include METIS with your application must be obtained by sending emailto [email protected].

Microsoft, Windows, Windows 2000 and Windows XP are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation.

MPEG Player and Encoder: MPEG player and encoder were developed by the Plateau project at U. C. Berkeleyand are available from ftp://mm-ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/multimedia/mpeg/bmt1r1.tar.gz and are covered by thefollowing copyright notice: Copyright © 1995 The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose, without fee,and without written agreement is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice and the following twoparagraphs appear in all copies of this software. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIABE LIABLE TO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIALDAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE AND ITS DOCUMENTATION, EVEN IFTHE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTIES, INCLUDING,BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE SOFTWARE PROVIDED HEREUNDER IS ON AN “AS IS” BASIS, ANDTHE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA HAS NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDE MAINTENANCE, SUPPORT,UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS.

MPI/Pro® is a registered trademark of MPI Software Technology, Inc. Copyright © 1999-2003 MPI SoftwareTechnology, Inc.

MPICH Copyright Notice 1993 University of Chicago 1993 Mississippi State University

Permission is hereby granted to use, reproduce, prepare derivative works, and to redistribute to others. This softwarewas authored by: Argonne National Laboratory Group W. Gropp: (630) 252-4318; FAX: (708) 252-7852; email:[email protected] E. Lusk: (630) 252-7852; FAX: (708) 252-7852; email: [email protected] Mathematics andComputer Science Division Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne IL 60439 Mississippi State Group N. Doss:(601) 325-2565; FAX: (601) 325-7692; email: [email protected] A. Skjellum: (601) 325-8435; FAX: (601)325-8997; email: [email protected] Mississippi State University, Computer Science Department & NSFEngineering Research Center for Computational Field Simulation P.O. Box 6176, Mississippi State MS 39762

GOVERNMENT LICENSE Portions of this material resulted from work developed under a U.S. GovernmentContract and are subject to the following license: the Government is granted for itself and others acting on itsbehalf a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in this computer software to reproduce, preparederivative works, and perform publicly and display publicly.

DISCLAIMER This computer code material was prepared, in part, as an account of work sponsored by an agencyof the United States Government. Neither the United States, nor the University of Chicago, nor Mississippi State

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University, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty express or implied, or assumes any legal liability orresponsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or processdisclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

MPICH2 Copyright Notice + 2002 University of Chicago Permission is hereby granted to use, reproduce, preparederivative works, and to redistribute to others. This software was authored by: Argonne National Laboratory GroupW. Gropp: (630) 252-4318; FAX: (630) 252-5986; e-mail: [email protected] E. Lusk: (630) 252-7852; FAX:(630) 252-5986; e-mail: [email protected] Mathematics and Computer Science Division Argonne NationalLaboratory, Argonne IL 60439

PATRAN is a registered trademark of MSC Software Corporation

This software is provided with a standard distribution of Perl v5.8.0. Additional modules are included under theterms of the Perl Artistic License. For further information, see http://www.perl.com. Per v5.8.0 Copyright 1987-2002Larry Wall.

libpng version 1.0.8 - July 24, 2000 Copyright (c) 1998-2000 Glenn Randers-Pehrson Copyright (c) 1996, 1997 Andreas Dilger Copyright (c) 1995, 1996 Guy Eric Schalnat, Group 42, Inc.

Pro/ENGINEER is a registered trademark of Parametric Technology Corporation.

PVM version 3.4: Parallel Virtual Machine System, University of Tennessee, Knoxville TN., Oak Ridge NationalLaboratory, Oak Ridge TN., Emory University, Atlanta GA., Authors: J. J. Dongarra, G. E. Fagg, G. A. Geist, J.A. Kohl, R. J. Manchek, P. Mucci, P. M. Papadopoulos, S. L. Scott, and V. S. Sunderam, C) 1997 All RightsReserved - NOTICE - Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for anypurpose and without fee is hereby granted provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and thatboth the copyright notice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation.

This software uses the Qt library, a multiplatform C++ GUI toolkit from Trolltech. See http://www.trolltech.com/qt/for more information.

Qwt - Portions of this software are linked with the Qwt 2D Plotting Toolkit. This toolkit can be obtained athttp://qwt.sourceforge.net.

SolidWorks is a registered trademark of SolidWorks Corporation.

Solution Viewer contains Open Inventor 3.1.1 from TGS and Qt3.1 from Trolltech.com

Tcl/Tk/BLT: The Tcl/Tk scripting and GUI system was developed by John Ousterhout at the University of Californiaat Berkeley, and is now being maintained by the Tcl/Tk group at Sun. The BLT extensions to Tcl/Tk were developedby George Howlett of Lucent Technologies and others, and provide table, graph, and other utilities.

Tk and Tcl is copyrighted by the Regents of the University of California, Sun Microsystems, Inc., ScripticsCorporation, and other parties. The authors hereby grant permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and licensethis software and its documentation for any purpose, provided that existing copyright notices are retained in allcopies and that this notice is included verbatim in any distributions. No written agreement, license, or royalty feeis required for any of the authorized uses. Modifications to this software may be copyrighted by their authors andneed not follow the licensing terms described here, provided that the new terms are clearly indicated on the firstpage of each file where they apply. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR DISTRIBUTORS BE LIABLETO ANY PARTY FOR DIRECT, INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGESARISING OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, ITS DOCUMENTATION, OR ANY DERIVATIVESTHEREOF, EVEN IF THE AUTHORS HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTIES,INCLUDING,BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED ON AN “AS IS”BASIS, AND THE AUTHORS AND DISTRIBUTORS HAVE NO OBLIGATION TO PROVIDEMAINTENANCE, SUPPORT, UPDATES, ENHANCEMENTS, OR MODIFICATIONS

TIFF: Copyright (c) 1988-1997 Sam Leffler, Copyright (c) 1991-1997 Silicon Graphics, Inc. - Permission to use,copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without

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Third-Party Software

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fee, provided that (i) the above copyright notices and this permission notice appear in all copies of the softwareand related documentation, and (ii) the names of Sam Leffler and Silicon Graphics may not be used in any advertisingor publicity relating to the software without the specific, prior written permission of Sam Leffler and SiliconGraphics.

TIFF: pnmtotiff.c - converts a portable anymap to a Tagged Image File Derived by Jef Poskanzer from ras2tif.c,which is: Copyright (c) 1990 by Sun Microsystems, Inc. Author: Patrick J. Naughton, [email protected] to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and its documentation for any purpose and withoutfee is hereby granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all copies and that both that copyrightnotice and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation.

XML.c - implementation file for basic XML parser written in ANSI C++ for portability. It works by using recursionand a node tree for breaking down the elements of an XML document. @version V2.25 @author Frank VandenBerghen

BSD license: Copyright (c) 2002, Frank Vanden Berghen All rights reserved.

Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without modification, are permitted provided that thefollowing conditions are met: * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright notice, this list ofconditions and the following disclaimer. * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyrightnotice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the documentation and/or other materials providedwith the distribution. * Neither the name of the Frank Vanden Berghen nor the names of its contributors may beused to endorse or promote products derived from this software without specific prior written permission.

THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESSOR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OFMERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENTSHALL THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; ORBUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHERIN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISINGIN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OFSUCH DAMAGE.

7-Zip http://www.7-zip.org/

ZLIB 1.1.3 Copyright (C) 1995-1998 Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL)GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, theGNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to makesure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation'ssoftware and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation softwareis covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designedto make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish),that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in newfree programs; and that you know you can do these things.

73

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL)

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To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you tosurrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of thesoftware, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipientsall the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you mustshow them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps:

(1) copyright the software, and

(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is nowarranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipientsto know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on theoriginal authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributorsof a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this,we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION ANDMODIFICATION

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder sayingit may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any suchprogram or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work undercopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modificationsand/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term"modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside itsscope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if itscontents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice anddisclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; andgive any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protectionin exchange for a fee.

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on theProgram, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that youalso meet all of these conditions:

a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date ofany change.

b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from theProgram or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started runningfor such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriatecopyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that usersmay redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License.(Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work basedon the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived fromthe Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License,and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distributethe same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must be

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GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL)

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on the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each andevery part regardless of who wrote it.

Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather,the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work basedon the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope ofthis License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executableform under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed underthe terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no morethan your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the correspondingsource code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for softwareinterchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (Thisalternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code orexecutable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executablework, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interfacedefinition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a specialexception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source orbinary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executableruns, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offeringequivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even thoughthird parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License.Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminateyour rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this Licensewill not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants youpermission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if youdo not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program),you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing ormodifying the Program or works based on it.

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receivesa license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions.You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are notresponsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limitedto patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradictthe conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distributeso as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as aconsequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-freeredistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only wayyou could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of thesection is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contestvalidity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distributionsystem, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to thewide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is up

75

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to the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licenseecannot impose that choice.

This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrightedinterfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographicaldistribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries notthus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from timeto time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address newproblems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this Licensewhich applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of thatversion or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a versionnumber of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions aredifferent, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation,write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by thetwo goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuseof software generally.

NO WARRANTY

11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THEPROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATEDIN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS"WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOTLIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULARPURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITHYOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARYSERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANYCOPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THEPROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL,SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITYTO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEINGRENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OFTHE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHERPARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Section 4 - 3rd Party Components

(1) The Software Program includes software and documentation components developed in part by Silver EggTechnology, Inc. ("SET") prior to 2001. All SET components were released under the following license.

Copyright (c) 2001 Silver Egg Technology

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associateddocumentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation therights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sub-license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permitpersons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of theSoftware.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS ORCOPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHERIN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTIONWITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

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76 Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE (GPL)

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Community Software License AgreementCommunity Software License Agreement

Version 1.0 Copyright © 1999, 2006 Tanuki Software, Inc.

ANSYS, Inc. will provide you with a complete machine-readable copy of the source code, valid for three years.The source code can be obtained by contacting ANSYS, Inc. at [email protected].

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of the Java Service Wrapper andassociated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including withoutlimitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sub-license, and/or sell copies of the Software,and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:

The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of theSoftware.

THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED,INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR APARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS ORCOPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHERIN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTIONWITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.

Tanuki Software, Inc. Community Software License Agreement Version 1.0

IMPORTANT-READ CAREFULLY: This license agreement is a legal agreement between you and Tanuki Software,Inc.("TSI"), which includes computer software, associated media, printed materials, and may include online orelectronic documentation ( Software ). PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY BEFORE YOUINSTALL, COPY, DOWNLOAD OR USE THE SOFTWARE ACCOMPANYING THIS PACKAGE.

Section 1 - Grant of License

Community editions of the Software are made available on the GNU General Public License, Version 2 ("GPLv2"),included in Section 3 of this license document. All sections of the Community Software License Agreement mustbe complied with in addition to those of the GPLv2.

Section 2 - Your Obligations

A copy of this license must be distributed in full with the Product in a location that is obvious to Your customers.The Software Program may not be modified, nor may the Product in any way obfuscate or obstruct the copyrightnotice and license information displayed in the console and log files by the Software Program on startup.

Section 3 - GPLv2 License Agreement

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

Version 2, June 1991

Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, theGNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to makesure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation'ssoftware and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation softwareis covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designedto make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for this service if you wish),that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in newfree programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you tosurrender the rights. These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of thesoftware, or if you modify it.

77

Release 12.0 - © 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

Community Software License Agreement

Page 82: ANSYS CFX Introduction

For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipientsall the rights that you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you mustshow them these terms so they know their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps:

(1) copyright the software, and

(2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is nowarranty for this free software. If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipientsto know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on theoriginal authors' reputations.

Finally, any free program is threatened constantly by software patents. We wish to avoid the danger that redistributorsof a free program will individually obtain patent licenses, in effect making the program proprietary. To prevent this,we have made it clear that any patent must be licensed for everyone's free use or not licensed at all.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION ANDMODIFICATION

0. This License applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder sayingit may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License. The "Program", below, refers to any suchprogram or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any derivative work undercopyright law: that is to say, a work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modificationsand/or translated into another language. (Hereinafter, translation is included without limitation in the term"modification".) Each licensee is addressed as "you".

Activities other than copying, distribution and modification are not covered by this License; they are outside itsscope. The act of running the Program is not restricted, and the output from the Program is covered only if itscontents constitute a work based on the Program (independent of having been made by running the Program).Whether that is true depends on what the Program does.

1. You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium,provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice anddisclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this License and to the absence of any warranty; andgive any other recipients of the Program a copy of this License along with the Program.

You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protectionin exchange for a fee.

2. You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, thus forming a work based on theProgram, and copy and distribute such modifications or work under the terms of Section 1 above, provided that youalso meet all of these conditions:

a) You must cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date ofany change.

b) You must cause any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains or is derived from theProgram or any part thereof, to be licensed as a whole at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this License.

c) If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started runningfor such interactive use in the most ordinary way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriatecopyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that usersmay redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this License.(Exception: if the Program itself is interactive but does not normally print such an announcement, your work basedon the Program is not required to print an announcement.)

These requirements apply to the modified work as a whole. If identifiable sections of that work are not derived fromthe Program, and can be reasonably considered independent and separate works in themselves, then this License,and its terms, do not apply to those sections when you distribute them as separate works. But when you distributethe same sections as part of a whole which is a work based on the Program, the distribution of the whole must beon the terms of this License, whose permissions for other licensees extend to the entire whole, and thus to each andevery part regardless of who wrote it.

Release 12.0 - © 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

78 Contains proprietary and confidential information of ANSYS, Inc. and its subsidiaries and affiliates.

Community Software License Agreement

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Thus, it is not the intent of this section to claim rights or contest your rights to work written entirely by you; rather,the intent is to exercise the right to control the distribution of derivative or collective works based on the Program.

In addition, mere aggregation of another work not based on the Program with the Program (or with a work basedon the Program) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope ofthis License.

3. You may copy and distribute the Program (or a work based on it, under Section 2) in object code or executableform under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a) Accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed underthe terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for software interchange; or,

b) Accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party, for a charge no morethan your cost of physically performing source distribution, a complete machine-readable copy of the correspondingsource code, to be distributed under the terms of Sections 1 and 2 above on a medium customarily used for softwareinterchange; or,

c) Accompany it with the information you received as to the offer to distribute corresponding source code. (Thisalternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code orexecutable form with such an offer, in accord with Subsection b above.)

The source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. For an executablework, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains, plus any associated interfacedefinition files, plus the scripts used to control compilation and installation of the executable. However, as a specialexception, the source code distributed need not include anything that is normally distributed (in either source orbinary form) with the major components (compiler, kernel, and so on) of the operating system on which the executableruns, unless that component itself accompanies the executable.

If distribution of executable or object code is made by offering access to copy from a designated place, then offeringequivalent access to copy the source code from the same place counts as distribution of the source code, even thoughthird parties are not compelled to copy the source along with the object code.

4. You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Program except as expressly provided under this License.Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Program is void, and will automatically terminateyour rights under this License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this Licensewill not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

5. You are not required to accept this License, since you have not signed it. However, nothing else grants youpermission to modify or distribute the Program or its derivative works. These actions are prohibited by law if youdo not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or distributing the Program (or any work based on the Program),you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so, and all its terms and conditions for copying, distributing ormodifying the Program or works based on it.

6. Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receivesa license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions.You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein. You are notresponsible for enforcing compliance by third parties to this License.

7. If, as a consequence of a court judgment or allegation of patent infringement or for any other reason (not limitedto patent issues), conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradictthe conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot distributeso as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as aconsequence you may not distribute the Program at all. For example, if a patent license would not permit royalty-freeredistribution of the Program by all those who receive copies directly or indirectly through you, then the only wayyou could satisfy both it and this License would be to refrain entirely from distribution of the Program.

If any portion of this section is held invalid or unenforceable under any particular circumstance, the balance of thesection is intended to apply and the section as a whole is intended to apply in other circumstances.

It is not the purpose of this section to induce you to infringe any patents or other property right claims or to contestvalidity of any such claims; this section has the sole purpose of protecting the integrity of the free software distributionsystem, which is implemented by public license practices. Many people have made generous contributions to thewide range of software distributed through that system in reliance on consistent application of that system; it is upto the author/donor to decide if he or she is willing to distribute software through any other system and a licenseecannot impose that choice.

79

Release 12.0 - © 2009 ANSYS, Inc. All rights reserved.

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This section is intended to make thoroughly clear what is believed to be a consequence of the rest of this License.

8. If the distribution and/or use of the Program is restricted in certain countries either by patents or by copyrightedinterfaces, the original copyright holder who places the Program under this License may add an explicit geographicaldistribution limitation excluding those countries, so that distribution is permitted only in or among countries notthus excluded. In such case, this License incorporates the limitation as if written in the body of this License.

9. The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from timeto time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address newproblems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies a version number of this Licensewhich applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of thatversion or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a versionnumber of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

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Section 4 - 3rd Party Components

(1) The Software Program includes software and documentation components developed in part by Silver EggTechnology, Inc. ("SET") prior to 2001. All SET components were released under the following license.

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Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

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IndexSymbols

AANSYS

contact via internet, 65ANSYS CFX

accessing Design Exploration, 51commands, 35customer support, 65customizing, 37data flow in CFX, 31directory structure, 34environment variables, 39file types, 34modeling capabilities, 31overview, 31running, 33starting components from the command line, 35

ANSYS WorkbenchCFX use in, 43Files view, 47interface, 43Project Schematic, 45Properties view, 46shortcuts, 48Sidebar Help, 48Toolbox, 44tutorials, 52view bar, 46workflow, 49

auto-initialise, 60(see also auto-initialize)

Bbibliography

further general reading, 29browser environment variable, 38

Ccell properties, 46CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics)

applications, 25definition, 25history of, 25mathematics of, 25methodology, 26solving problems in, 28

CFD-Post, 33overview, 33

cfdpoststarts CFD-Post, 36

CFX Launcherstarting, 41

using, 41CFX-Solver

overview, 32CFX-Solver input file

compressed, 39formatted, 39

CFX-Solver Manager, 33overview, 33

cfx5starts CFX Launcher, 35

CFX5BROWSERsets default file viewer, 38

CFX5EDITORsets default file editor, 38

cfx5infoprovides system information, 36

cfx5launchstarts CFX Launcher, 35

cfx5prestarts CFX-Pre, 36

cfx5solvestarts CFX-Solver Manager, 36

CFX5XTERMsets default terminal emulator, 38

cfxrc filesyntax, 38

CFX_FORMATsets format of results and CFX-Solver input files, 39

CFX_IMPORT_EXECsets volume mesh import executable, 39

Clear Execution Control, 48colour map, 60

(see also color map)colour mode, 60

(see also color mode)colour scale, 60

(see also color scale)colour tab, 60

(see also color tab)command line

starting components from, 35command line environment variable, 38configuration file

syntax, 38configuration files, 37contact information, 65control

volume, 25convergence, 28coupled solver, 32Customer Portal

accessing, 65customer support, 65customisation, 60

(see also customization)

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DDesign Exploration

interface to ANSYS CFX, 51using in ANSYS CFX, 51

directory structurefor CFX, 34

documentation, 59domain initialisation, 60

(see also domain initialization)

Eeditor environment variable, 38environment variables, 39

setting, 39

FFAQ

accessing, 65file types

in ANSYS CFX, 34finite volume method, 25font sizes

increasing in the online help, 62

Ggeometry

creating, 28global initialisation, 60

(see also global initialization)

Hhelp, 59

accessing, 61help browser

saving favorite topics, 63searching, 62using index, 62

Iinitialisation tab, 60

(see also initialization tab)initialise all components, 60

(see also initialize all components)

KKnowledge Base

accessing, 65

Llauncher

starting, 41using, 41

LD_LIBRARYN32_PATHsets library search path on SGI, 39

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

sets library search path on Sun and Compaq, 39LIBPATH

sets library search path on IBM, 39LM_LICENSE_FILE

sets location of license file or daemon, 39

Mmesh

creating, 28model

defining the physics of, 28

NNavier-Stokes equations, 25

Oonline help, 59

accessing, 61increasing font sizes for, 62

Pphysics

defining, 28post-processor, 28

visualizing results with, 28Project Schematic, 45

Rresidual, 28resource configuration file

syntax, 38resource configuration files, 37

SSave Settings, 48scalar variables, 28SHLIB_PATH

sets library search path on HP-UX, 39Sidebar Help, 48solver

coupled, 32synchronise camera, 60

(see also synchronize camera)system information

obtaining with cfx5info, 36

TTurbo initialisation, 60

(see also Turbo initialization)

Uundefined colour, 60

(see also undefined color)uninitialise, 60

(see also uninitialize)

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Wworking directory

setting in Workbench, 49

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