Anexele A.5- A.9

L,iLIEJ PFA Anton Chirid Sector 1, Bucuresti CUI: RO 22477214 Nr. Reg. Corn.: F40/865/25.07.2003 [email protected]

EXPERTIZA TEHNICA

asupra

CALITATII PLAN$EULUI $I IMBRACAMINTII PERETILOR TURNATI IN TEREN REALIZATA PRIN TORCRETARE IN LUCRAREA:"TUNEL

ARTIFICIAL KM 71+824 = KM 72+249; AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE-SIBIU LOT 4 KM 65+965 = KM 82+070"

ANEXELE A.5 = A.9

BUCURE$TI, APRILIE 2014

L PFA Anton Chiric Sector 1, Bucuresti CU!: RO 22477214 Nr. Reg. Corn.: F40/865/25.07.2003 [email protected]

ANEXA A5a FOTOGRAFII DIN PERIOADA FINALIZARII

EXCAVATIEI $I REALIZARII LUCRARILOR AFERENTE ARMARII $1 APLICARII TORCRETULUI

PE PERETII TURNATI IN TEREN $I PE BARETE

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE - SIBJU LOT 4 (km 65+965 - km 82+450)

PHOTO REPORT TUNNEL KM 71+824 - KM 72+249

1

Ito-

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE - SIBIU LOT4 (Km 65+965 - km 82+450)

1 :

-A

06.06.2013

Excavation Phase Before Sprits Beton (torcrete)

During the meeting on site (Tunnel), we have repeatedly reaffirmed the concept of non-linearity of the diaphragms (as shown in the picture). The steps shown in the picture are from 10 to 25 cm.

I

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ij

4

06.06.2013


Excavation Phase. As shown in the picture, in this special case we reach around 30 cm (measures are carried out in the bottom line).


As shown in the picture, in this special case the excavation phase (1st part) of the slurry walls, have been

executed with auger because the geology conditions was super consolidated (Clay marl and Marl).

3IPage


16.09.2013

Spritz Beton Phase. Single lineof eld

Steel Supports for steel mesh./

Steel Guide for Sprits Beton (Torcrete).

5Page


:

Et 14

M1 4 1 ftu*L;

16.09.2013

Spritz Beton Phase. Singi

weld mesh

I Steel Supports for st7l' meshi

Steel Guide for Sp its Beton (Torcrete)

Drainage pipe/

6jPage

03.10.2013,

Km 72+200 (Approximately) way 1.


IN, i '7 - -

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11:1! "1 1

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Drainage Pipe, and Spritz Beton execution. Step

8?age


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13 December 2013


Some surface cracks. Approximately the length is 3m.

- , - - .

13 December 2013

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE -SIBIU LOT4 (Km 65+965 - km 82+450)

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Some surface cracks. Approximately the length is 1.20m.

10 1 P a g e


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20 October 2013

The notch of drainage pipe.

Note the thickness of Spritz Beton (around 23cm)

111 P E g e


20 October 2013

The bottom part of slurry walls, on back of drainage channel.

Note the double steel mesh.

In this case, the thickness is around 30 cm.

12 1 Page


..

H

H

=

-

- t.

20 October 2013

Slurry walls spritz beton.

Note the double steel mesh.

In this case, the thickness is around 20 cm.

13 1 P a g e

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE SIBIU LOT4 (Km 65+965 - km 82+450)

14 October 2013

Spritz Beton Technology.

Note the jet of Spritz Beton

14 1 P a g e


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AN AMMO N

02.10.2013

Drainage pipe.


4

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02.10.2013

Steel mesh and drainage pipe.

16 1 P a g e

I I

llv-

j jt,LiIi

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE SIBIU LOT4 (Km 65+965km 82+450)

02.10.2013

Note the double steel mesh, with relevant support.

17 1 Page

Rpm- ,

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E167 ES]

PFA Anton Chiric5 Sector 1, Bucuresti CUI: RO 22477214 Nr. Reg. Corn.: F40/865/25.07.2003 [email protected]

ANEXA A5b FOTOGRAFII DIN TIMPUL EXECUTIEI TUNELULUI ARTIFICIAL - EXCAVATII $I HIDROIZOLATII

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29.06.2013 12:02

26.06.2013 3:4O

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PFA Anton Chiric Sector 1, Bucuresti CUI: RO 22477214 Nr. Reg. Corn.: F40/865/25.07.2003 [email protected]

ANEXA A5c INVENTARIEREA FISURILOR

APARUTE PUPA TORCRETARE

I

$

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE -SIBU LOT 4 (Km 65+965 - 82+450)

PHOTO REPORT TUNNEL CRACKS MAPPING Km 71+824 - km 72+249

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE - SIBIU LOT 4 (Km 65+965 - 82+450)

- -

Ir

FA

4 ;

A I mat, Km 72+205 Calea 1

2IPage


Km 72+195 Calea 1

31 ?age


Km 72+165 Ca lea 1

L 4,-3o ,A

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Km72+140 Ca lea 1

L

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Km 72+090 Calea 1

A,4O UA

6 t -


Km72+060 Calea 1

L= 7Page

AUTOSTRADA ORASTE - SIBIU LOT 4 (Km 65+965 - 82+450)

Km72+015 Calea 1

L= OLLZ 81


Km72+015 Ca lea 2

L A,S.Lt\

9

Km72+025 Calea 2

/ 28 29 32


L 3,&v

10 I


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j: '4) 4L 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58

Km72+040 Ca lea 2

L Q 1 6OL

ill


Km72+050 Ca lea 2

L QRO(M

12 1

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE - SIBJU LOT 4 (Km 65+965 - 82+450)

Km 72+060 Ca lea 1

L- ?,Zo4,

13 1 P a g e

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE - SIBJU LOT 4 (Km 65+965 - 82+450)

Km 72+065 Calea 2

LA Z'O(M

14 1 Page

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE SIBIU LOT 4 (Km 65+965 82+450)

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Km72+140 Ca lea 2

L= :3,&c- ^e"T-ic4

15 1


Km72+145 Calea 2

16

AUTOSTRADA ORASTIE - SiBIU LOT 4 (Km 65+965 - 82+450)

Km72+175 Calea 2

L- 4W

17

AUTOSTRADA ORASTI E - SI BI U LOT 4 (Km 65+965 - 82+450)

..'. .------

1

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1 22 23

Km72+200 Calea 2.

L = 2,2-O oA u., ^ ,^Q -

18 1 P a g e

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,T^

PFA Anton Chiric Sector 1, Bucureti CUI: RO 22477214 Nr. Reg. Corn.: F40/865/25.07.2003 [email protected]

ANEXA A6 EXTRASE SEMNIFICATIVE DIN NORME

TEHNICE NATIONALE $I EUROPENE UTILIZATE IN CADRUL EXPERTIZEI

ICS 93.020

jo*li- SR EN 1538 STANDARD ROMAN Februarie 2011

Executia Iucrr,Ior geotehnice speciale Pereti mulati

Execution of special geotechnical work. Diaphragm walls

Execution des travaux geotechniques speciaux. Parois moules

APROBARE Aprobat de Directorul General al ASRO la 28 februarie 2011 Standardul european EN 1538:2010 a fost adoptat prin metoda notel de confirmare i are statutul unui standard roman 1nlocuiete SR EN 1538:2002

CORESPONDENTA Acest standard este identic cu standardul european EN 1538:2010

This standard is identical with the European Standard EN 1538:2010

La prsente norme est identique a la Norme europenne EN 1538:2010

ASOCIATIA DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMANIA (ASRO) Str. Mendeleev nr. 21-35, cod 010362, Bucureti

Director General: Tel.: +40 21 31632 96, Fax: +4021 316 08 70 Directia De Standardizare: Tel. +4021 310 1730, +4021 31043 08, +4021 312 47 44, Fax: +4021 31558 70

Directia Publicatii - Serv. Vnzri/Abonamente: Tel. +40 21 316 7725, Fax + 4021 317 25 14, +4021 312 9488 Serviciul Redacie - Marketing, Drepturi de Autor + 40 21 316.99.74

ASRO Reproducerea sau utilizarea integrala sau partiaa a prezentului standard in once publicaii i prin once procedeu (electronic, mecanic, fotocopiere, microfilmare etc.) este interzis dac nu exist acordul scris at ASRO

Ref.: SR EN 1538:2011 Editia2

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EUROPEAN STANDARD EN 1538 NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM September 2010

ICS 93.020 Supersedes EN 1538:2000

English Version

Execution of special geotechnical work - Diaphragm walls

Execution des travaux geotechniques spclaux - Parois Ausfuhrung von Arbeiten im Spezialtiefbau - Schlitzwnde moules

This European Standard was approved by CEN on 2 July 2010.

CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration. Up-to-date lists and bibliographical references concerning such national standards may be obtained on application to the CEN Management Centre or to any CEN member.

This European Standard exists in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the CEN Management Centre has the same status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Ah

'Wg Wa EUROPEAN COMMIYFEE FOR STANDARDIZATION COMITE EUROPEEN DE NORMALISATION EUROPAISCHES KOMITEE FOR NORMUNG

Management Centre: Avenue Marnix 17, B-bOO Brussels

2010 CEN All rights of exploitation in any form and by any means reserved Ref. No. EN 1538:2010: E worldwide for CEN national Members.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

Contents Page

Foreword.............................................................................................................................................................4 IScope......................................................................................................................................................5 2

Normativereferences ...........................................................................................................................7 3

Termsand definitions ........................................................................................................................... 8 4 Information needed for the execution of the work ..........................................................................10 4.1 General.................................................................................................................................................10 4.2 Special features...................................................................................................................................10

Geotechnical investigation ................................................................................................................11 General.................................................................................................................................................11 Specificrequirements.........................................................................................................................12 Materialsand products.......................................................................................................................13 Constituents........................................................................................................................................13 General.................................................................................................................................................13 Bentonite..............................................................................................................................................13 Polymers.............................................................................................................................................13 Cement.................................................................................................................................................13 Aggregates...........................................................................................................................................14 Water....................................................................................................................................................14 Additions..............................................................................................................................................14 Admixtures........................................................................................................................................... 15 Supportfluids......................................................................................................................................15 Bentonitesuspensions.......................................................................................................................15 Polymersolutions...............................................................................................................................16 Freshhardening slurries....................................................................................................................17 Concrete...............................................................................................................................................17 General.................................................................................................................................................17 Aggregates...........................................................................................................................................17 Cementcontents.................................................................................................................................17 Water/cement ratio..............................................................................................................................18 Admixtures...........................................................................................................................................18 Freshconcrete ....................................................................................................................................18 Productionof concrete.......................................................................................................................19 Samplingand testing on site.............................................................................................................19 Plasticconcrete...................................................................................................................................20 Hardeningslurry .................................................................................................................................20 Reinforcement.....................................................................................................................................20 Additional inserted products .............................................................................................................21

7 Considerations related to design ......................................................................................................21 7.1 General.................................................................................................................................................21 7.2 Panel stability......................................................................................................................................22 7.2.1 General considerations ......................................................................................................................22 7.2.2 General principle of design................................................................................................................22 7.2.3 Comparable experience......................................................................................................................23 7.2.4 Stability considerations......................................................................................................................23 7.2.5 Trial excavation(s)...............................................................................................................................23 7.3 Socketing into rock.............................................................................................................................24 7.4 Precast concrete panels.....................................................................................................................24 7.5 Reinforcement cages..........................................................................................................................24 7.5.1 General considerations ......................................................................................................................24 7.5.2 Design principles ................................................................................................................................24 7.5.3 Vertical reinforcement........................................................................................................................25 7.5.4 Horizontal reinforcement....................................................................................................................25

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5 5.1 5.2 6 6.1 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3 6.1.4 6.1.5 6.1.6 6.1.7 6.1.8 6.2 6.2.1 6.2.2 6.2.3 6.3 6.3.1 6.3.2 6.3.3 6.3.4 6.3.5 6.3.6 6.3.7 6.3.8 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7

EN 1538:2010 (E)

7 .5.5 Multiple cages and joints...................................................................................................................26 7 .6 Recesses and perforations

................................................................................................................26 7.7 Minimum and nominal cover.............................................................................................................26 8 Execution.............................................................................................................................................27 8.1 Construction phases..........................................................................................................................27 8.2 Construction tolerances ....................................................................................................................27 8.2.1 Panel.....................................................................................................................................................27 8.2.2 Retaining walls....................................................................................................................................28 8.2.3 Cut-off walls ........................................................................................................................................28 8.2.4 Reinforcement cage............................................................................................................................28 8.3 Preliminary works ............................................................................................................................... 28 8.3.1 Working platform ................................................................................................................................28 8.3.2 Guide-walls..........................................................................................................................................29 8.4 Excavation...........................................................................................................................................29 8.4.1 Supporting the walls of the excavation............................................................................................29 8.4.2 Excavation sequence .........................................................................................................................30 8.4.3 Loss of support fluid ..........................................................................................................................30 8.5 Cleaning the excavation.....................................................................................................................30 8.6 Forming the joints...............................................................................................................................30 8.7 Placing the reinforcement or other elements ..................................................................................31 8.8 Concreting and trimming ...................................................................................................................31 8.8.1 General.................................................................................................................................................31 8.8.2 Concreting in dry conditions.............................................................................................................32 8.8.3 Concreting under support fluid.........................................................................................................32 8.8.4 Loss of immersion of tremie pipe .....................................................................................................33 8.8.5 Trimming..............................................................................................................................................33 9 Supervision, testing and monitoring ................................................................................................34 10 Records................................................................................................................................................ 35 11 Special requirements

.......................................................................................................................... 35 AnnexA (informative) Glossary......................................................................................................................37 Annex B (informative) Control schedules during the execution

.................................................................39 Annex C (informative) Sample concreting record forms for diaphragm walls

..........................................45 Annex D (informative) Degree of obligation of the provisions

....................................................................46 Bibliography.....................................................................................................................................................50

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

Foreword

This document (EN 1538:2010) has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC 288 "Execution of special geotechnical works", the secretariat of which is held by AFNOR.

This European Standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by March 2011, and conflicting national standards shall be withdrawn at the latest by March 2011.

Attention is drawn to the possibility that some of the elements of this document may be the subject of patent rights. CEN [and/or CENELEC] shall not be held responsible for identifying any or all such patent rights.

This document supersedes EN 1538:2000.

The general scope of TC 288 is the standardisation of the execution procedures for geotechnical works (including testing and control methods), and of the required material properties. WG15 has been charged to revise EN 1538:2000, with the subject area of both retaining and cut-off diaphragm walls. This standard does not address the execution of barrettes, which is covered by EN 1536, Execution of special geotechnical work - Bored piles.

The design, planning and execution of retaining and cut-off diaphragm walls call for experience and knowledge in this specialised field. The execution phase requires skilled and qualified personnel and the present standard cannot replace the expertise of specialist contractors.

The document has been prepared to stand alongside EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules and EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing. This standard expands on design only where necessary (e.g. the detailing of reinforcement) and provides full coverage of the construction and supervision requirements.

This standard contains additional requirements on concrete complementing the respective provisions of EN 206-1 and of EN 13670. The three standards are not yet fully accorded. It is anticipated that during future revisions several provisions now contained in EN 1538, e.g. in 6.1, 6.3 and 8.8 could be transferred to EN 206-1 and EN 13670.

This document was revised by a working group comprising delegates from 11 European countries. The comments from 13 European countries have been received and taken into account.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

I Scope

This European Standard establishes general principles for the execution of diaphragm walls as either retaining walls or cut-off walls.

NOTE 1 This standard covers only structures constructed in a trench excavated with a support fluid or in dry conditions, where soil is removed and replaced by concrete or slurry and with wall thickness B ^ 40 cm.

NOTE 2 Diaphragm walls can be permanent or temporary structures.

NOTE 3 The following types of structure are considered:

a) retaining walls: usually constructed to support the sides of an excavation in the ground. They include:

1) cast in situ concrete diaphragm walls;

2) precast concrete diaphragm walls;

3) reinforced slurry walls;

b) cut-off walls: usually constructed to prevent migration of groundwater, clear or polluted, or of other contaminants present in the ground. They include:

1) slurry walls (possibly with membranes or sheet piles);

2) plastic concrete walls.

NOTE 4 Walls formed shallow vertical trenches (typically excavations with a ratio of depth over thickness DIB < 5 or D

VI

EN 1538:2010 (E)

I.'

12

in

Key

- 1 Wall thickness (B) 7 Guide-wall 2 Horizontal length of reinforcement cage 8 Cut off level 3 Cage width

9 Vertical length of reinforcement cage 4 Length of panel

10 Reinforcement cage 5 Platform level

11 Depth of excavation (D) 6 Casting level 12 Concave portion of curved joints

Figure 1 - Geometry of a panel

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

2 l 2 l

Key P Primary S Secondary 1 Starter 2 Intermediate 3 Closure

Figure 2 - Schematic examples of different types of panels and joints (plan view)

2 Normative references

The following referenced documents are indispensable for the application of this document. For dated references, only the edition cited applies. For undated references, the latest edition of the referenced document (including any amendments) applies. EN 197-1:2000, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements

EN 206-1:2000, Concrete - Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity

EN 791, Drill rigs - Safety

EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 2: Concrete admixtures - Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling

EN 1008, Mixing water for concrete - Specification for sampling, testing and assessing the suitability of water, including water recovered from processes in the concrete industry, as mixing water for concrete

EN 1990, Eurocode - Basis of structural design

EN 1991 (all parts), Eurocode 1: Actions on structures

EN 1992 (all parts), Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures EN 1997-1, Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design - Part 1: General rules

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

EN 1997-2, Eurocode 7 Geotechnical design - Part 2: Ground investigation and testing

EN 1998 (all parts), Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance

EN 10025-2, Hot rolled products of structural steels - Part 2: Technical delivery conditions for non-alloy structural steels

EN 10080, Steel for the reinforcement of concrete - Weldable reinforcing steel - General

EN 10210 (all parts), Hot finished structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels

EN 10219 (all parts), Cold formed welded structural hollow sections of non-alloy and fine grain steels

EN 10248 (all parts), Hot rolled sheet piling of non alloy steels

EN 10249 (all parts), Cold formed sheet piling of non alloy steels

EN 12620, Aggregates for concrete

EN 13670, Execution of concrete structures

3 Terms and definitions

For the purposes of this document, the following terms and definitions apply.

3.1 cast in situ concrete diaphragm wall fr paroi moule en bton de Ortbetonschiitzwand wall made of plain or reinforced concrete, which is constructed in a trench excavated in the ground

NOTE The excavation is carried out in discrete length to form panels and the concrete is placed through tremie pipes immersed in the fresh concrete. In some cases the excavation and the concreting may be carried out in dry conditions.

3.2 plastic concrete wall fr paroi mouie en bton plastique de Tonbetonschlitzwand wall made of plastic concrete, which is constructed in a trench in the ground

NOTE The excavation is carried out in panels and the concrete is placed through tremie pipes most of the time immersed in a support fluid. In some cases the excavation and the concreting may be carried out in dry conditions.

3.3 precast concrete diaphragm wall fr paroi prefabriquee en bton de Fertigteilschlitzwand wail made of precast elements which are lowered into a trench excavated in the ground containing a hardening slurry

3.4 reinforced slurry wall fr paroi moule en coulis arm de bewehrte Ei n phase nsch litzwand wall made from a hardening slurry reinforced by steel beams, steel mesh or other suitable elements

3.5 slurry wall fr paroi moule en coulis de Einphasenschlitzwand wall made from a hardening slurry

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

8 Execution

8.1 Construction phases

8.1.1 The phases of execution differ with the type of wall and support fluid used.

NOTE In the general case a support fluid is used.

8.1.2 The basic steps for cast in situ concrete diaphragm walls are:

- excavation, generally with a bentonite suspension or other support fluid;

- cleaning the excavation including recirculation of bentonite;

- placing the joints formwork (stop-ends);

placing the reinforcement;

concreting;

removing the joints formwork (stop-ends);

- trimming.

8.1.3 The basic steps for precast concrete diaphragm walls are:

excavation, generally with a hardening slurry, sometimes with a bentonite suspension;

- cleaning the excavation. When a bentonite suspension is used, it is replaced by a hardening slurry. If required by the design, a stronger material such as mortar or concrete may be placed at the bottom of the excavation, to support the precast panel and applied loads;

- placing the precast element.

8.1.4 The basic steps for cut-off slurry walls are:

excavation with a hardening slurry. In some cases (e.g. excavations of long duration), a different support fluid may be used, which has then to be replaced by the hardening slurry;

- when required, placing elements such as membranes, reinforcement or sheet piles;

trimming and protective capping.

8.1.5 The basic sequences for plastic concrete walls are:

- excavation, generally with a bentonite suspension;

- cleaning the excavation;

- concreting;

- trimming.

8.2 Construction tolerances

8.2.1 Panel

The width and depth of the panel excavation shall not be less than the design values.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

8.2.2 Retaining walls

8.2.2.1 Horizontal deviations of the exposed face of a panel, at the top of the guide-walls, shall be less than 25 mm towards the main excavation and 50 mm away from the main excavation for cast in situ panels

8.2.2.2 Horizontal deviations of the exposed face of a precast panel, at the top of the guide-walls shall be less than 10 mm in either direction.

8.2.2.3 Except where otherwise specified, verticality of the panels (including their ends) shall be within 1%ofthe depth in both transverse and longitudinal directions.

NOTE 1 Where boulders or other obstructions are present in the ground, this tolerance may have to be increased.

NOTE 2 Tighter tolerances can be achieved.

8.2.2.4 Protrusions at the exposed face of cast in situ panels should not exceed 100 mm beyond the plane of toleri

NOTE Lg values can be expected in cases where the maximum particle size in the ground exceeds 100 mm or where the ground is soft or loose.

8.2.2.5 When the joint between panels is formed by cutting into the hardened material of the previously cast adjacent panel, it shall be checked that an adequate contact surface is achieved between panels.

NOTE The minimum contact surface depends on the ground type, the depth, the type of material, the cuffing tool and the design requirements.

8.2.2.6 The offset between two adjacent panels at their joint location shall be such that it has no adverse effect on the performance of the wall.

8.2.3 Cut-off walls

The deviation of the location of the wall measured with respect to its axis may be larger than for retaining walls and will depend on the project.

8.2.4 Reinforcement cage

8.2.4.1 The tolerance on the total width of the reinforcement cage shall be 10 mm.

8.2.4.2 The tolerance on the elevation of the top of the cage after concreting shall be 50 mm.

8.2.4.3 When inserts are implemented in the reinforcement, the tolerance on the elevation of inserts (couplers, starter bars, inserts for anchors) after concreting shall be 70 mm.

8.2.4.4 The tolerance on the horizontal position of the cage along the axis of the wall after concreting shall be 70 mm within a panel

8.3 Preliminary works

8.3.1 Working platform

8.3.1.1 The working platform shall be stable, above the water table, horizontal and be suitable for traffic of heavy equipment and lorries.

8.3.1.2 The working platform and the access ramps shall be stable under adverse conditions.

8.3.1.3 The area along the line of the wall shall be clear of underground obstructions.

NOTE I Special care should be taken for excavating and backfihling trenches in case of removal of underground obstructions or disturbed soil.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

NOTE 2 Where appropriate, excavation and backfilling should be done symmetrically along the axis of the wall, to a

depth corresponding at least to the level of undisturbed soil, with sufficient width and depth with regard to the guide-walls.

8.3.1.4 The top of the working platform should be at least 1,5 m above the highest water-table anticipated during excavation, taking into account possible fluctuations.

8.3.1.5 Material used for the construction of the working platform or for backfilling excavations (see also 8.3.1.3) shall be of suitable quality and well compacted or stabilized.

8.3.1.6 Leakage from nearby drains or pipes, which can affect the construction of the diaphragm wall, shall be stopped or diverted.

8.3.2 Guide-walls

8.3.2.1 Guide-walls shall be designed and constructed:

- to ensure alignment of the diaphragm wall;

to serve as a guide for the excavating tools;

- to secure the sides of the trench against collapse in the vicinity of the fluctuating level of the support fluid;

- to serve as a support for the reinforcement cages or prefabricated panels or other elements inserted in the excavation until the concrete or hardening slurry has hardened;

- to support the reaction forces of stop end extractors when necessary.

NOTE 1 Guide-walls are usually made of reinforced concrete with a depth normally between 0,7 m and 1,5 m depending on ground conditions.

NOTE 2 In the case of cut-off walls excavated continuously, if ground conditions should permit, guide-walls may not be necessary.

8.3.2.2 Guide-walls shall be designed and constructed:

- to resist the loads to which they will be subjected, including the traffic of equipment and adjacent structures, without undue deformation or displacement; and

- to allow the positional tolerances concerning the panel to be met.

8.3.2.3 Guide-walls should be propped apart until the excavation of the panel takes place.

8.3.2.4 The distance between the guide-walls should normally be 20 mm to 50 mm greater than the width of the excavating tool.

NOTE In the case of polygonal or irregular shaped walls, it may be necessary to increase the distance between the guide-walls.

8.3.2.5 The top of the guide-walls should normally be horizontal and have the same elevation on both sides of the trench.

NOTE Usually, the inside face of one of the guide-walls is used as the reference face to establish the position of the diaphragm wall.

8.4 Excavation

8.4.1 Supporting the walls of the excavation

8.4.1.1 Except in special ground and site conditions, a support fluid shall be used during excavation.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

9 Supervision, testing and monitoring

9.1 The execution of any types of diaphragm wall shall require careful supervision and monitoring of the work.

NOTE 1 This includes the supervision and the specified monitoring for the surrounding constructions.

NOTE 2 In accordance with EN 13670, the aim of the supervision and inspection of the work is to check that the construction is completed in accordance with the execution specification and inspection refers to verifying conformity of the properties of products and materials to be used as well as inspection of the execution of the works.

NOTE 3 Clause 9 of this standard gives the additional provisions to take into account for the establishment of the execution specification for the supervision, control and testing of diaphragm walls.

9.2 control of the execution shall be in accordance with the project specifications and comply with EN 13670 and -this standard.

NOTE 1 Examples for details and frequencies for monitoring are given in Tables B.1 to B.5 (Annex B). An example of concrete record for diaphragm wall is given in Annex C.

NOTE 2 Controls for special execution techniques, such as the use of polymers as a support fluid, are not considered in Note 1.

9.3 The following items shall be supervised and controlled during the various phases of construction:

a) preliminary work prior to the excavation phase:

1) location of the wall;

2) materials;

3) reinforcement cages and other elements to be inserted;

b) wall construction:

1) excavation method, dimensions and alignment;

2) where appropriate verticality and twisting;

3) cleaning the excavation;

4) f.ormin.g the joints;

5) placing the reinforcements or other elements;

6) concrete placing record.

NOTE 1 Not all items are applicable to each type of wall.

NOTE 2 Others items may be applicable (e.g. ground conditions and groundwater levels).

9.4 Material testing shall comply with the execution specifications and this standard (see e.g. 63.7 and 6,3.8 and 9.2).

9.5 Integrity tests may be used to determine the presence of possible anomalies within the diaphragm wall structure.

NOTE Integrity tests can be done either by coring or measuring the acoustic properties of the concrete.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

10 Records

10.1 Site records shall consist of two parts, the first giving the general references and general information pertaining to the concrete and support fluid, the second parts giving detailed information on the execution of each panel.

10.2 The form shown in Annex C is an example of the concreting record for diaphragm walls.

11 Special requirements

11.1 Regarding:

- safety on the site;

- safety of the working practices;

legality of manual works and inspections inside excavations; and

- operational safety of main and auxiliary equipment and tools,

where respective European Standards are not available, the respective national standards, specifications or statutory requirements regarding execution of diaphragm wall works shall be observed.

11.2 Equipment shall be in accordance with EN 791.

11.3 Particular attention shall be drawn to:

- all processes requiring men operating alongside heavy equipment and heavy tools;

- the danger of open holes;

manual working procedures and inspections carried out inside excavations;

handling operations of the reinforcement cages.

11.4 Nuisance and/or environmental damage that can be caused by the diaphragm wall work shall be kept to a minimum.

11.5 Such nuisance and/or environmental damage can be caused by:

noise;

ground vibration;

ground pollution;

- surface water pollution;

- groundwater pollution; and

- air pollution.

NOTE The type and extent of possible nuisance or environmental impact depends on:

- the location;

- the working method;

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

the actual processes.

11.6 Regarding nuisance and environmental protection, for each particular situation:

- the national requirements (as Long as respective European Standards are not available); and

- the local requirements

shall be observed.

11.7 Rejected materials shall be removed promptly from the site in accordance with local and national requirements.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

Annex A (informative)

Glossary

A.1 clamshell (or grab): excavation tool with two jaws to remove soil, rock or debris from an excavation by an intermittent operation. Jaws are attached to a steel frame. There are two main types of clamshells:

- mechanical grabs using steel cables to open/close the jaws;

- hydraulic grabs using hydraulic circuits to open/close the jaws.

A.2 hydrofraise (or cutter or mill): excavation tool with rotating wheels fitted with steel picks to remove soil, rock or debris from an excavation by a continuous operation.

A.3 chisel: heavy steel tool used to break up obstructions, boulders and hard strata encountered in the excavation or for socketing into hard soil or rock. There are particular types of chisels used to rectify an excavation trajectory, to extract stop ends, etc.

A.4 kelly (bar): shaft, often telescopic, connected between the power drive and the digging tool which allows deep excavation.

A.5 cable(s): steel cable(s) suspending the digging tool which allows deep excavation.

A.6 excavation crane: crane used to handle the excavation tool (clamshell or hydrofraise).

Al handling crane: crane used to handle the reinforcement cages and other equipment.

A.8 water stop: special flexible element attached longitudinally to a stop end in such a way that half of the water stop is embedded in concrete in a panel after the concreting and stop end extracting operations. When constructing the adjacent panel, the other half of the water stop is released and also becomes embedded in concrete. As a result, the water stop surrounded in concrete at the contact zone between two panels helps to limit water leakage through this critical surface. Two water stops can be installed at a same joint if required.

A.9 overlap: the distance of a panel excavation into the material of an adjacent panel to ensure diaphragm wall continuity when no stop ends are used. The overlapping technique (no stop ends) is always used for hardening slurry walls, often used for plastic concrete walls and sometimes used for cast-in situ concrete walls where a hydrofraise (mill) can be employed to breakdown hard concrete at joints.

A.10 filter cake: thin pastelike deposit formed by bentonite particles aggregating as water drains from the suspension to the ground through the edge walls of the excavation during its progress. This filter cake allows the bentonite suspension pressure to be maintained above the ground water pressure such that the excavation edge walls remain stable.

A.11 cutting back: removal of surplus concrete (protrusions, etc.) and bentonite cake when exposing the diaphragm wall panels.

A.12 trimming: removal of contaminated or substandard concrete or surplus concrete from the diaphragm wall head above the designed cut-off level.

A.13 capping beam: reinforced Concrete beam built above the cut-off level to connect the cast-in situ diaphragm wall panels together and/or to connect to overlying structural elements.

A.14 air lift; pumping technique in which air is pumped into the base of a suction pipe to cause reduced density of material in the pipe and induce upward flow to evacuate solids and fluids (flushing). The air lift technique may be used to clean/replace the bentonite suspension before concreting.

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

A.15 pre-blasting: preliminary operation consisting in drilling holes along the alignment of a diaphragm wall to place explosives in very hard material and blast it before commencing the diaphragm wall excavation.

A.16 lean concrete: very low strength, concrete poured in a panel excavation to stop bentonite loss, to fill voids or to fill panel excavation deviation. The characteristics of the lean concrete should allow its re-excavation with normal tools.

A.17 concreting curve: diagram representing the volume of poured concrete versus depth.

A.18 excavation curve: diagram representing the excavation depth versus time.

A.19 desanding unit: plant to remove sand and silt in order to clean the support fluid during excavation and before concreting.

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=

EN 1538:2010 (E)

Annex B (informative)

Control schedules during the execution

Table 13.1 - Cast-in situ concrete diaphragm walls NOTE The controls indicated in Table B.1 also apply to others structures covered by the standard when they are appropriate.

Issue Parameter Method and Testing EN 1538 Frequency

Project EN D-Wall clauses documentation Report

I - Setting out

D-Wall Survey, geodetical 8.2 - 8.3 Before casting of Lay-out drawings x

instruments guide walls Working platform Construction 1.1

Guide wall Position and level documentation

Excavations tools

Joints Survey, geodetical 7 - 8.2 Lay-out drawings x instruments

Construction 1.2 Position and level documentation

(position of joints is to be marked on top of the guide walls)

2 - Materials and products

2.1 Bentonite, cement or Control of delivery 6.1-6.2 Each delivery Construction x other binders, additions documents documentation

2.2 Fresh concrete (ready Control of delivery 6.1-6.3 Each truck Construction x mixed) documents documentation

3 - Excavation

3.1 Water

Water (usually not Mixing of test J 6.1.6 First panel Construction x 3.1.1 necessary for tap/ suspension documentation

potable water) 3.2 - Bentonite suspension (fresh, for re-use and before concreting)

a) density a) Mud balance or 6.2 Sample from Construction x pyknometer Tables 1 and 2 each new mix documentation

b) Marsh value b) Marsh-funnel - sand content C) fluid loss c) Baroid filter press not applicable forfresh and re-use

3.2.1 d) pH-value d) pH strips suspension e) sand contents e) Sand content kit - pH-value, Fluid

loss and Filter f) filter cake f) Baroid filter press cake not

applicable before concreting

continued

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

3.3 - Polymer solution (fresh, for re-use and before concreting) a) density a) Mud balance 6.2 Sample from

Construction x b) Marsh value b) Marsh-funnel Tables 1 and 2 each new mix documentation c) pH-value c) pH strips - sand contentnot applicable for

3.3.1 d) sand contents d) Sand content kit fresh and re-use e) others e) as required suspension

- pH-value not applicable before concreting

3.4 - Excavation execution

Panel location Overlap to previous 8.2 each panel at Construction x panels three different documentation

3.4.1 positions (two in single excavation cuts)

Tools Position (especially in 8.2 - 8.4 Excavation, Construction x 3.4.2 the case of continuous continuously documentation

excavation process) Suspension level Visual check (depth 7.3 - 8.4 Excavation, Construction x

3.4.3 below top edge of the continuously documentation guide wall)

Ground profile Visual inspection of 8.4 Each panel, Soil invertigation x excavated soil continuously report

Chiselling and blasting Survey 8.4 Excavation, Construction x continuously documentation

Depth Depth measurement 7.3 - 8.2 - 9 Each panel at Construction x

3.4.6 (using a plummet) three different documentation positions

Verticality and twist Monitoring of the crane 8.2 Each panel Construction x cables documentation

3.4.7 Inclination measurement by means of electronical systems

3.4.8 Cleaning the Sounding of the base 8.5 Each panel Construction x

excavation with plummet documentation

Installation of stop- Survey 8.5 Each element Construction x ends documentation

3.4.9 - location

- verticality

4 Reinforcement cages

4.1 - Delivery

Delivery Visual inspection 6.6 - 7.4 82 Each cage Drawings x

41 Survey of vertical and horizontal length! width

Check with drawings

continued

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

4.2 - Installation

Process Visual inspection 8.7 Each cage Construction x - height I position - orientation documentation

- connections - location and number

4.2.1 - lifting bars of spacers - number of cable

- suspension bars clasps for overlap - levelling and position - stiffness

Position after - elevation 8.2 and 8.7 Each element Construction x installation and after documentation

4.2.2 concreting - verticality of the element

- horizontal position

5 - Concreting and trimming

5.1 - Concrete (ready mixed) Consistence Sampling for testing 6.3 - Table 4 and Visual check: Delivery x

(on site) 6.3.6.4 each truck documents

5 . 1 . 1 Flow table test F or Flow table test or slump test S (acc. to Slump test: mm EN 206-1) 1 x per panel at Variation with time beginning

Strength Sampling for testing 6.2 - 6.3 Three cylinders Delivery doc x (on site) or cubes per day

5.1.2 I per 300 m3 (per each concrete cast)

5.2 - Concrete placement

5.2.1 Immersion depth of Depth measurement 8.8 Each truck Construction x tremie pipe(s) documentation 5.2.2 Placement times Time keeping 8.8 Each truck x 5.2.3 Quantity poured Counting truck volumes 8.8 Each panel x

Level of head of Depth measurement 8.8 Each panel Construction x concrete after pour (plumb bob) documentation (rise) - after each truck 5.2.4 " / Concreting curve

(example see annex C) - after each movement of tremie(s)

Extracting stop-ends Extraction procedure 8.2 - 8.6 Each stop-end Construction x 5.2.5 .

. documentation Extraction time

5.3 - Trimming

5.3.1Trimming Concrete quality at cut- 8.8 Each panel Construction x off level documentations

Table B.1 (end)

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C

EN 1538:2010 (E)

Table B.2 - Specific controls for precast concrete diaphragm walls

NOTE The appropriate controls indicated in Table B.1 (e.g. the setting out controls) also apply.

I clauses

I Issue Parameter Method Method and Testing EN 1538 I Frequency Project D-Wall documentation Report I - Setting out (see also Table 13.1)

Precast element Survey, geodetical 7 - 8.2 Lay-out drawings instruments Construction

1.1 Position and level documentation (position of elements is to be marked on top of the guide walls)

2 Materials and products (see also Table B.1)

2.1 Precast elements Identification of 7 I Each element I Construction X delivered elements documentation 3 Excavation (see also Table B.1) 3.1 - Hardening slurry

Fresh slurry 6.2-6.5-8 Sample from Construction x supply container, documentation

a) density a) mud balance according to b) Marsh value b) Marsh-funnel specifications: c) shear strength/flow c) ball harp - at least 1 x per limit shift/day d) Baroid filter press

3.1.1 d) fluid loss - better 1 x per e) cyclic stirring panel

e) setting time f) cylinder at rest - sample to be D bleeding cast in five cylinder specimen per shift/day for later testing

Hardened slurry 6.2 - 6.5 - 8 a) Five cast Construction x a) density

a) weight/volume at 28 cylinder documentation specimen per days age shift/day: feeding

b) compressive b) unconfined pipe from the strength compressive load test hydro mill to

3.1.2 c) stiffness/deform. C) oedometer/triaxial desander: modulus test b) 3 x per day d) permeability d) triaxial seepage test, (age 28 days)

usually with tap water c) and d): 1 x per day (seepage beginning at age of 28 days)

3.2 - Excavation execution (see Table B.1) continued

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

4 Precast elements installation

4.1 - Location (see Table B.1 - Excavation) 4.2 Installation (see also Table B.1 - Reinforcement)

Process a) to c) Visual check 8.7 Each element Construction x a) geometrie a) survey of vertical before documentation installation

4.2.1 b) orientation and horizontal length, width

c) position of water b) with respect to the stops (if any) face of the wall Position after setting of Check: 8.2 Each element Construction x bottom concrete (if documentation any) - elevation

4.2.2 - verticality of the element

- horizontal position

Removal time of Strength of hardening In case of doubt Construction suspending devices

slurry (Unconfined documentation: compressive test):

4.2.3 time keeping time dependent based on development of this suitability test strength prior to works

Table 13.2 (end)

Table 13.3 - Specific controls for execution of reinforced slurry walls

NOTE The appropriate controls indicated in Table B.1 (e.g. the setting out controls) and in Table B.2 (e.g. the hardening slurry controls) also apply.

I EN 1538 I Project

pallortRer

7 Issue Parameter Method and Testing clauses Frequency documentation I - Setting out (see Table B.1) 2 Materials and products (see also Table B.1)

I Reinforcement Identification of 6.6 I Each element Construction x

2.1 elements (Beams, bars I delivered elements I I documentation I or sheet piles) I I I I

welding and coupling I 3 - Excavation (see Tables B.1 and B.2) 3.1 - Hardening slurry (see Table B.2) 3.2 Excavation execution (see Table B.1) 4 - Reinforcement elements installation (see Tables 8.1 and B.2)

Table 13.3 (end)

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

Table B.4 - Specific controls for execution of slurry cut-off walls NOTE The appropriate controls indicated in Table B.1 (e.g. the setting out controls) and in Table B.2 (e.g. the hardening slurry controls) also apply.

Issue Parameter Method and Testing EN 1538 Frequency Project D-Wall

clauses documentation Report

I - Setting out (see Table B.1) 2 - Materials and products (see also Table B.1)

"Watertight elements Identification of 6.6 - 7 Each element Construction x

2.1 (if any): sheet-piles, delivered elements documentation membranes

3- Excavation (see Tables 8.1 and B.2) 3.1 - Hardening slurry (see Table B.2) 3.2 - Excavation execution (see Table B.1)

Topping up Add fresh slurry Each panel Construction x documentation

4- "Watertight" elements installation (see Tables 3.1 and B.2) Table B.4 (end)

Table B.5 - Specific controls for execution of plastic concrete cut-off walls

NOTE The appropriate controls indicated in Table B.1 (e.g. the setting out controls) and in Table B.4 (e.g. the watertight element control, if any) also apply.

Issue Parameter Method and Testing EN 1538 Frequency Project 0-Wall

clauses documentation Report

I - Setting out (see Table 3.1) 2 - Materials and products (see also Tables B.1 and B.4)

2.1 Plastic concrete (ready Control of delivery 6.1-.6.4-8 Each truck or Construction x mixed) documents delivery documentation

3 - Excavation (see Tables B.1 and B.2) 3.1 - Plastic concrete (see Table B.1 - Concreting and trimming) 3.2 - Excavation execution (see Table B.1) 4- "Watertight" elements installation (see Tables B.1 and B.2)

Table B.5 (end)

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EN 1538:2010 (E)

Annex C (informative)

Sample concreting record forms for diaphragm walls

DIAPHRAGM WALL Date Concreting record No

Site

Panel No:

No

No I Time Concre- Top of concrete below Concr. Tremie pipe te guide wall (m) rising Length Immer-

(m) (m) I sion Starter panel

Intermediate L.1 Closure panel

Excavation length: 4,50 m 6 7 8

1-Top of guide wall 0--- -i-- 9

+3,00m 10

2-Top of concrete: 11

+2,5Cm 12 13

Width of panel: 14

0,80m 15

Cross section stop end 245

17

0,264 m2 18

16:00 16:15

17:15

3 - Bottom of panel: - 21,5 m

5

10

15

20

25

30 I 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

time used for concreting: 3,45 h

rising of concrete: 6,5 m/h >3,0 rn/h

theorical volume

75,3 rn3

Actual volume 90,0 rn3

Over consumption 14,7 m3

16,4%

Key

1: depth below top of guide wall (m) 2: concrete (rn3)

- - theorical top of concrete

top of concrete

foot of tremie pipe

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ICS 91.100.30; 01040.91

SR EN 14487-1

STANDARD ROMAN Decembrie 2009

Beton care se aplic prin pulverizare Partea 1: Definiii, specificaii i conform itate

Sprayed concrete. Part 1: Definitions, specifications and conformity

Bton projet. Partie 1: Definitions, specifications et conform it

APROBARE Aprobat de Directorul General al ASRO la 12 mai 2006 Standardul european EN 14487-1:2005 are statutul unui standard roman

CORESPONDENTA Acest standard este identic cu standardul european EN 14487-1:2005

This standard is identical with the European Standard EN 14487-1:2005

La presente norme est identique a la Norme europeenne EN 14487-1:2005

ASOCIATIA DE STANDARDIZARE DIN ROMANIA (ASRO) Str. Mendeleev nr. 21-25, cod 010362, Bucureti

Director General: Tel.: +40 21 316 32 96, Fax: +40 21 316 08 70 DncaS1andathare:Tel.+4021 3101730,+40213104308,+40213124744, Fax +4021 3155870

DecaPubI Serv.VnziilAbonanen:Tel. +40 21 3167725, Fax 3172514, +4021 3129488 Serviciul Redacie-Marketing, Drepturi de Autor + 40 21 316.99.74

ASRO Reproducerea sau utilizarea integrala sau partiala a prezentului standard in once publicatii i prin once procedeu (electronic, mecanic, fotocopiere, microfilmare etc.) este interzis dac nu exist acondul sons al ASRO

Ref.: SR EN 14487-1:2006 Editia 1

Preambul national

Acest standard reprezint versiunea romn a textulul In limba engtez a standardulul european EN 14487-1:2005.

Standardul a fost tradus de ASRO, are aceIai statut ca i versiunile oficiale i a fost publicat cu permisiunea CEN.

Standardul european EN 14487-1:2005 a fast adoptat ca standard roman prin not de confirmare la data de 12 mal 2006, not de confirmare care este Inlocuit de prezentul standard.

Corespondena dintre standardele europene i internationale a care se face referire i standardele romne, conform anexei nationale NA.

Pentru aplicarea acestui standard se utilizeaz standardele europene i internationale la care se face referire (respectiv standardele romne identice cu acestea).

Simbolurile gradelor de echivalenta (IDI - identic, MOD - modificat), conform SR 10000-8.

STANDARD EUROPEAN EN 14487-1 EUROPEAN STANDARD NORME EUROPEENNE EUROPAISCHE NORM Noiembrie 2005 ICS 91.10030; 01 .040.91

Versiunea romn

Beton care se aplic prin pulverizare Partea 1: Definitii, specificaii i conformitate

Sprayed concrete - Part 1: Bton projet - Partie 1: Spritzbeton - TeU 1: Beg rife, Definitions, specifications and

Definitions, specifications et

Festlegungen und Konformitt conformity conformit

Prezentul standard european a fost adoptat de CEN la 25 mai 2005.

Membrii CEN sunt obIigai sa respecte Regulamentul Intern CEN/CENELEC, care stipuleaz conditiile In care prezentului standard european i se atribuie statutul de standard naionaI, fr niclo modificare. Listele actualizate i referineIe bibliografice referitoare la aceste standarde nationale pot fi obtinute pe baz de cerere ctre Secretariatul Central sau once membru CEN.

Prezentul standard european exist in trei versiuni oficiale (englez, francez, germane). 0 versiune In oricare alt limb, realizat prin traducere sub responsabilitatea unui membru CEN In limba sa nationala i notificat Secretariatului Central, are acelai statut ca i versiunile oficiale.

Membrii CEN sunt organismele nationale de standardizare din urmtoarele tan : Austria, Belgia, Cipru, Danemarca, Elvetia, Estonia, Finlanda, Franta, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Islanda, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburg, Malta, Marea Britanie, Norvegia, Olanda, Polonia, Portugalia, Republica Ceh, Slovacia, Slovenia, Spania, Suedia i Ungaria.

CEN

COMITETUL EUROPEAN DE STANDARDIZARE European Committee for Standardization

Comit Europen de Normalisation Europische Komitee fr Normung

Centru de Management: rue de Strassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels 2005 CEN Toate drepturile de exploatare sub once form i In once

mod sunt rezervate In toat lumea membrilor nationali CEN Ref. No. EN 14487-1:2005 RO

SR EN 14487-1:2006

Cuprins

Preambul ..................................................................................................................... Introducere .................................................................................................................

I Domeniu de aplicare ...... ................................................................................... ...... 2 Referinte normative ................................................................................................. 3 Termeni i definiii ...................................................................................................

4 Clasificare .............................................................................................................................. 5 Cerine pentru betonul care se aplic prin pulverizare ..........................................................

6 Specificaie pentru betonul care se aplic prin pulverizare .................................................... 7 Evaluarea conformitatii ................................................................................................ Anexa A (informativ) Recomandri privind definitii!e, specificaiile

i conformitatea betonului betonul care se aplic prin pulverizare ..............................................

Bibliografie ........................................................................................................................

Pagina 3

4

5

5

7

11 13

19 18

28 34

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SR EN 14487-1:2006

P ream b u I

Acest standard european (EN 14487-1:2005) a fost elaborat de Comitetul Tehnic CEN/TC 104 "Beton i produse Inrudite", al crui secretariat este detinut de DIN.

Acest standard european trebuie s primeasc statutul de standard national, fie prin publicarea unul text identic, fie prin ratificare, pAn6 Ce! trziu In mai 2006, jar standardele nationale contradictor!i trebule retrase pn cel trziu In decembrie 2007.

Prezentul standard european se bazeaz pe EN 206-1. Unele articole care se aplic betonului pulverizat fac referire la EN 206-1 datorit importantei or. Alte articole au fost modificate pentru a indeplini cerintele specifice ale betonului pulverizat.

Prezentul standard european poate fi utilizat numai impreun cu standardele de produs pentru materialele componente (ciment, agregate, aditivi, adaosuri, fibre i ap de preparare a amesteculul) i Cu metodele de Incercare relevante ale betonului pulverizat, care formeaz pachetul definit In

continuare. Din acest motiv, data limit de retragere a standardelor nalionale (DOW) care intr In contradictie cu prezentul document este determinat prin TC 104 pentru decembrie 2007.

EN 197-1, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements

EN 450-1, Fly ash for concrete - Part 1: Definition, specifications and conformity criteria



EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 2: Concrete admixtures - Definitions and requirements, conformity, marking and labelling

EN 934-5, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed concrete - Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling

EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 6: Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity

EN 13263-1, Silica fume for concrete - Part 1: Definitions, requirements and conformity criteria.

EN 14487-2, Sprayed concrete - Part 2: Execution

EN 14488 (all parts), Testing sprayed concrete

In conformitate cu Regulamentul Intern CEN/CENELEC, organismele nationale de standardizare din urmtoarele tari sunt obligate s aplice prezentul standard european: Austria, Belgia, Cipru, Danemarca, Elvetia, Estonia, Finlanda, Franta, Germania, Grecia, Irlanda, Islanda, Italia, Letonia, Lituania, Luxemburg, Malta, Marea Britanie, Norvegia, Olanda, Polonia, Portugalia, Republica Ceha, Slovacia, Slovenia, Spania, Suedia i Ungaria.

SR EN 14487-1:2006

Introducere

Acest standard european trebuie aplicat in Europa In diferite conditli climatice i geografice, Cu niveluri diferite de protectie i conform diferitelor traditil i experiene regionale bine stabilite. Pentru a acoperi aceast situatie au fost introduse clase pentru proprietile betonului. Acolo uride flu au fost posibile asemenea solutii generate, pentru articolele relevante se pot aplica prevederile din EN 206-1 sau din alte standarde valabile la locuf de utilizare.

Prezentul standard european Inglobeaza reguli pentru utilizarea materiatelor constitutive care sunt acoperite de standardele europene. Alte produse secundare ate proceselor industriale, materialele reciclate etc. se

folosesc In mod curent pe baza experientei locale. Pn la momentul In care vor fi disponibile specificaii europene pentru aceste materiale, prezentul document nu va prevedea reguli pentru utitizarea for, Ins va face referire la recomandrile date In EN 206-1 privind aplicarea standardelor sau a prevederilor nationale, valabile la locul de utilizare a betonului.

Prezentul standard european definete sarcinile elaboratorutui, ale productorului i ale utilizatorului. De exemplu, elaboratorul este responsabil de specificaia betonului, articolele 5 i 6, iar productorul este responsabil de conformitate i de controlul produciei, articolul 7. Utilizatorul este responsabil de punerea in opera a betonului In structur. In practic pot exista mai multe pri interesate, care specific cerinte In diverse etape ale procesului de proiectare i construcie, de exemplu clientul, prolectantul, antreprenorul, subantreprenorul responsabil cu betonarea. Fiecare este responsabil de transmiterea cerintelor specificate, impreuna cu once alte cerinte suplimentare, urmtoarei pri din lan, pn cnd acestea ajung la producator. In sensul prezentului document, aceast compilatie final este cunoscut d rept ,,specificaie".

Explicaii i recomandri suplimentare privind aplicarea prezentului document sunt prezentate In anexa A.

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SR EN 14487-1:2006

I Domeniu de aplicare

Acest standard european se aplic betonului pulverizat, destinat pentru repararea i Intrirea struOturilor, pentru structurile noi i pentru consolidarea terenulul.

Prezentul standard european acoper:

- clasificarea raportat la consistenta amestecului umed;

- clasele de expunere a mediului Inconjurtor; beton proaspt, intrit i armat Cu fibre;

- cerinte pentru materialele componente, pentru compozitia betonului i pentru amestecul de baz, pentru betonul proaspt i Tntrit i pentru toate tipurile de beton armat cu fibre care se aplic prin pulverizare;

- specificaie pentru amestecurtle prolectate i prescrise;

- conformitate.

Prezentul standard european se aplic betonului pulverizat In amestec umed, precum i in amestec uscat.

Straturile de suport pe care poate fi aplicat betonul pulverizat includ:

- teren (roc i sol);

- beton care se aplic prin pulverizare;

- diferite tipuri de cofraje;

- componente structurale alctuite din beton, zidrie i oeI;

- materiale de drenaj;

- materiale de izolare.

Este posibil s fie necesare cerinte suplimentare sau diferite pentru apIicaii care nu intr In domeniul de aplicare al prezentului document, de exemplu aplicarea pe materiale refractare.

2 Referinte normative

Urmtoarele documente de referinta sunt indispensabile pentru aplicarea prezentului document. Pentru referintele datate, se aplica numai edilia citat. Pentru referintele nedatate, se aplic ultima editie a publicatiei respective (inclusiv amendamentele).

EN 197-1, Cement - Part 1: Composition, specifications and conformity criteria for common cements

EN 206-1:2000, Concrete - Part 1: Specification, performance, production and conformity

EN 933-1, Tests for geometrical properties of aggregates - Part 1: Determination of particle size distribution Sieving method

EN 934-2, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 2: Concrete admixtures - Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and label/mg

EN 934-5:2005, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 5: Admixtures for sprayed concrete - Definitions, requirements, conformity, marking and labelling

EN 934-6, Admixtures for concrete, mortar and grout - Part 6: Sampling, conformity control and evaluation of conformity

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SR EN 14487-1:2006


EN 1504-3, Products and systems for protection and repair of concrete structures - Definitions, requirements, quality control and evaluation of conformity - Part 3: Structural and non structural repair

EN 1542, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Measurement of bond strength by pull-off

EN 12350-2, Testing fresh concrete - Part 2: Slump test

EN 12350-3, Testing fresh concrete - Part 3: Vebe test

EN 12350-5, Testing fresh concrete - Part 5: Flow table test

EN 12350-6, Testing fresh concrete - Part 6: Density

EN 12390-5, Testing hardened concrete - Part 5: Flexural strength of test specimens

EN 12390-7, Testing hardened concrete - Part 7: Density of hardened concrete

EN 12390-8, Testing hardened concrete - Part 8: Depth of penetration of water under pressure

EN 12504-1, Testing concrete in structures - Part 1: Cored specimens - Testing, examining and testing in compression

EN 12504-2, Testing concrete in structures - Part 2: Non-destructive testing - Determination of rebound number


EN 13412, Products and systems for the protection and repair of concrete structures - Test methods - Determination of modulus of elasticity in compression

prEN 144872N1), Sprayed concrete - Part 2: Execution

EN 14488-1, Testing sprayed concrete - Part 1: Sampling fresh and hardened concrete

prEN 144882N2), Testing sprayed concrete - Part 2: Compressive strength of young sprayed concrete

prEN 144883N3), Testing sprayed concrete - Part 3: Flexural strengths (first peak, ultimate and residual)

of fibre reinforced beam specimens

EN 14488-4, Testing sprayed concrete - Part 4: Bond strength of cores by direct tension

prEN 144855N4) Testing sprayed concrete - Part 5: Determination of energy absorption capacity of fibre

reinforced slab specimens

prEN 144887N5) Testing sprayed concrete - Part 7: Fibre content of fibre reinforced concrete

prEN 14889-1:2004 N6) , Fibres for concrete - Part 1: Steel fibres - Definition, specification and

conformity

prEN 148892:2004t7), Fibres for concrete - Part 2: Polymer fibres - Definition, specification and

conformity

Ni) NOTA NATIONALA - In prezent este In vigoare EN 14487-2:2006. N2) NOTA NATIONALA - In prezent este in vigoare EN 14488-2:2006. N3) NOTA NATIONALA - In prezent este in vigoare EN 14488-3:2006. N4) NOTA NATIONALA - In prezent este in vigoare EN 14488-5:2006. N5) NOTA NATIONALA - In prezent este In vigoare EN 14488-7:2006. N6) NOTA NATIONALA - In prezent este In vigoare EN 14489-1:2006.

H.

SR EN 14487-1:2006 N7) NOTA NATIONALA - In prezent este in vigoare EN 14489-2:2006.

ISO 758, Liquid chemical products for industrial use - Determination of density at 20 degrees C

ISO 6782, Aggregates for concrete - Determination of bulk density

ISO 6784, Concrete - Determination of static modulus of elasticity in compression

3 Termeni i definiii

Pentru scopurile prezentului standard european se aplic urmtorii termeni i urmtoarele definitli.

3.1 Componentele amestecului

3.1.1 Aditivi

3.1.1.1 adtivi pentru amestecul de baz material adugat pe parcursul procesului de malaxare a betonului Intr-o cantitate ce flu depete 5% din masa continutului de ciment din beton, pentru a modifica proprietaiIe amestecului In starea proaspta i/sau Intrit

[EN 934-2]

3.1.1.2 Aditivi pentru betonul proiectat

3.1.1.2.1 aditiv de accelerare a prizei betonului pulverizat aditiv destinat dezvoltrii prizei i intririi foarte timpuril a betonului pulverizat, care difer de aditivii care accelereaz priza, definite i specificate In EN 934-2 [EN 934-5]

3.1.1.2.2 aditiv nealcalin de accelerare a prizel betonului pulverizat aditiv de accelerare a prizei betonului pulverizat, conform 3.2.2 din EN 934-5:2005 cu un continut alcalin ce nu depete 1 % din masa aditivulul [EN 934-5]

3.1.2 adaos material fin macmat, proprietai speciale [EN 206-1]

utilizat In beton pentru a Tmbunatati anumite proprieti sau pentru a obtine

3.1.3 ciment material mineral fin care, dup ce a lost amestecat cu ap, formeaz o pasta care face priz i se Intrete prin intermediul reactiilor i proceselor de hidratare i care, dup Intrire, Ii pstreaz rezistenta i stabilitatea chiar i sub ap [EN 206-1]

3.1.4 agregat material granular utilizat in Construcii. Agregatul poate fi natural, artificial sau reciclat [EN 12620]

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SR EN 14487-1:2006

3.1.5 Fibre

3.1.5.1 fibre de otel fibrele de otel sunt buci drepte sau deformate de sarm6 de oel tras la rece, fibre drepte sau deformate din tabl tiat, fibre extrase prin topire, fibre din srm tras la rece i fibre macmate din blocuri de otel, care sunt adecvate pentru a fi amestecate In mod omogen In beton sau mortar [prEN 14889-1 N6)1

3.1.5.2 fibre din polimer fibrele din polimer pot fi bucati drepte sau deformate de material extrudat, orientat i tiat, care sunt potrivite pentru a fi amestecate in mod omogen in beton i mortar i care nu sunt afectate in timp de pH-ul ridicat al betonului [prEN 14889-2 N7)]

3.2 Produs

3.2.1 amestec de baz amestec de ciment, agregate i once alte componente destinate alimentrii mainii de pulverizat, exceptnd once component adaugat la nivelul duzei. Amestecul de baz poate fi uscat sau umed. Amestecul de baz poate s contina i:

- adaosuri;

- aditivi;

- fibre;

- ap

3.2.2 Amestec uscat

3.2.2.1 amestec uscat preparat In fabric amestec de baz cu un coninut minim de umiditate, ce nu deptete 0,5 % din mas pentru procesul uscat de pulverizare (exceptnd once component adaugat la duz)

3.2.2.2 amestec uscat preparat pe antier amestec de baz cu un continut maxim de umiditate al agregatului ce nu depete 6 % din mas pentru procesul uscat de pulverizare

3.2.3 beton armat Cu fibre care se aplic prin pulverizare beton care se aplic prin pulverizare, ce include fibre de armare pentru a imbunti anumite proprieti ale betonului

3.2.4 beton proaspt care se aplic prin pulverizare beton care se aplic prin pulverizare, Inainte de Inceputul prizei

3.2.5 refuz parte a materialului care, dup ce a fost pulverizat prin duz, nu ader la suprafata de aplicare

3.2.6 beton de referinta care se aplica prin pulverizare beton care se aplic prin pulverizare i care nu contine adaosuri pentru betonul proiectat

SR EN 14487-1:2006

NOTA - Aceast definitie nu se aplic betonului care se aplic prin pulverizare realizat Cu amestec uscat preparat in fabricfl continnd aditivi pentru proiecie; In acest caz compatibilitatea adaosului trebule controlat Conform EN 934-5. Betonul care se aplic prin pulverizare de referint este utilizat, de obicei, ca material de referint pentru evaluarea modificrii In timp a proprietailor mecanice ale betonului (de exemplu, pierderile de rezisterita)

3.2.7 beton care se aplic prin pulverizare beton produs Cu amestec de baz i pulverizat In mod pneumatic printr-o duz pentru a produce o mas omogen dens prin propria sa energie oinetic

3.2.8 amestec umed amestec de baz ce se folosete In procesul umed

3.2.9 beton aplicat prin pulverizare tnr beton aplicat prin pulverizare cu 0 vrst de maxim 24 h

3.3 Proceduri

3.3.1 tratare msuri de reducere a efectului duntor al evaporrii din beton

3.3.2 curgere in flux continuu transport prin pomp al unui amestec umed ctre duz, unde este proiectat pneumatic i compactat prin adaugarea de aer comprimat. Curgerea in flux continuu se utilizeaz numal in procesul umed

3.3.3 proces uscat metod de pulverizare a amestecului uscat (cantitatea necesar de ap suplimentar se adaug In duz)

3.3.4 d uz termen generic pentru extremitatea echipamentului de transport, prin care se descarc amestecul. Aceasta const dintr-un mixer in care se injecteaz in fluxul amestecului de baz - In functie de proces - ap, aer comprimat i/sau aditivi

3.3.5 curgere In flux diluat transport al amestecului de baz prin furtunuri sau tevi intr-un curent continuu de aer comprimat ctre duz, unde presiunea de transport se utilizeaz pentru a pulveriza i compacta amestecul

3.3.6 proces umed metod de pulverizare a amestecului umed cu un raport ap/cim

Documents

Anexele A.5- A.9