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INITIAL ENGLISH TEST
Choose the correct answers. One or more answers may be correct.
1. She's __________ university teacher.
A. a B. an C. the D. one
2. I like _________ animals.
A. the B. every C. all
3. If you're looking for ___ place to do bodybuilding, you'll be happy in a basic gym.
A. a B. an C. the D. (nothing)
4. You may find out too late that ___ health clubs aren't for you.
A. a B. an C. the D. (nothing)
5. Peter is ____ engineer.
A. a B. an
6. Who are ______ people over there?
A. that B. the C. these D. those
7. Whose are ______flowers here ?
A. that B. the C. these D. those
8. ______is your phone number?
A. Which B. What C. How
9. Could I have _______ drink?
A. other B. an other C. another
10. There aren't _____ for everybody.
A. chairs enough B. enough chairsC. enough of chairs
11. Here are three books. _____like best?
A. Which book do you B. What book do you C. Which book you D. What book you
12. There are ___ hotels in this area. You’d better put up your tent.
A. a little B. a few C. little D. few
13. They're ___ young to get married.
A. too much B. too C. very too
14. He’s got little money but I’ve got the ______
A. fewest B. less C. least
15. I went out without _____ money.
A. some B. any
16. Don't you know ___ good restaurants in Vancouver ?
A. some B. any
17. "Would you like to have ___ coffee with your meal, Sir" asked the waiter?
A. some B. any
18. He's got ____ money.
A. much B. many C. a lot of
19. I don't have __________ knowledge about the Internet.
A. much B a lot of C. many
20. How ___times a day do you brush your teeth?
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A. much B. many
21. Ann and Peter phone _______ every day.
A. them B. theirselfC. themselves D. each other
22. Is Diana _____ ?
A. a friend of yours B. a your friend C. your friend
23. We came across a friend of ___ at the mall yesterday
A. ours B. us C. we
24. Despite her parents complaints, she decided to live by ___ in New York City .
A. her B. herself
25. It belongs to me and my wife, it's ___
A. us B. our C. ours
26. Everyone should bring ___ signed receipt.
A. his B. her C. his/her
27. Is this coat ___________?
A. your B. yours C. the yours
28. 'Who's there?' '_____'.
A. It's me . It is I C. I
29. Whose is this hat? ______
A. His B. He’s C. Its D. It’s
30. Elizabeth is Mr Brown’s daughter. Mr Brown is ______father.
A. his B. her C. its D. their
31.. The plural of car is cars. Which of these are correct plurals?
A. ladys B. minuts C. sandwichs D. babies
32. ___(ox) and ___(goose) are animals.
A. oxes , geese B. oxen, gooses C. oxen, geese
33. We should throw away these old ___ (tooth brush).
A. teeth brush B. tooth brushes C. teeth brushes
34. Did you buy two silk ___(scarf) for your sister?
A. scarfs B. scarves
35. My family ______ thinking of moving to Birmingham .
A. is B. are
36. Although he felt very ______, he smiled ______
A. angrily, friendly B. angry, friendly C. angry; in a friendly way
37. I _____ to America .
A. have often been B. often have been C. have been often
38. My mother ____my birthday.
A. always forgets B. always is forgetting C. forgets always
39. Which of these is/are correct?
A.more happier B. happier C. beautifuller
40. This is ____ winter for 20 years.
A. the more bad B. worse C. the worse D. worst E. the worst
41. Be Quiet! I can't think ___ if you are talking.
A. clear B. clearly
42. Those chocolates look ___. Can I have one?
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A. nice B. nicely
43. She's much taller ____ me.
A. then B. as C. than
44. He lives in the same street _____me
A. that B. like C. asD. than
45. _____he gets, _____ .
A. The richer, the more friends he has B. Richer, more he has friends
C. Richer, more friends he has D. The richer, the more he has friends
46. _____ help me?
A. Can you to B. Do you can C. Can you
47. You ______ worry about it.
A. needn’t B. don't mustC. must not D. mustn't
48. I _____smoke.
A. use to B. used to
49. That _____ be Roger at the door - it's too early.
A. can't B. mustn't C. may not
50. At last, after three days, they ______ get to the top of the mountain.
A. could . managed to C. succeeded to
51. It was crazy to drive like that. You ______ killed somebody.
A. may have B. might haveC. could have D. can have
52. You ________________ be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.
A. can’t B. don’t have to C. shouldn’t
53. ________________ we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of the lake.
A. Shall B. Must C. Will
54. Yesterday, I ________________ cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight .
A. should B. had to C. must
55. The television isn't working. It ________________ damaged during the move.
A. must B. must be C. must have been
56. I ___ she_____you.
A. think, likes B. am thinking, is liking C. think, is likingD. am thinking, likes
57. It _____ again. It _____all the time here in the winter.
A. 's raining,'s raining B. rains, rains C. rains, 's raining D. 's raining, rains
58. Don’t disturb him. He ________ on his thesis
A. is working B. works C. worked D. has worked
59. He is working
A. now B. usually C. always D. every day
60. This is the first time I _____ a sports car.
A. 've driven B. 'm driving C. drive
61. I knew that he _____ waiting for somebody.
A. is B. was C. would
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62. _____ Gloria last week?
A. Have you seen B. Did you see C. Were you seeing
63. We met when we ______ in France .
A. studied B. were studying C. had studied
64. As soon as she came in I knew I _____her before.
A. have seen B. saw C. had seen
65. My eyes ached because I ________ for more than three hours.
A. was reading B. had read C. had been reading
66. He _____ quite different since he _____ married last year.
A. is, has got B. has been, has got C. is, got D. has been, got
67. She's an old friend - I ____ her _____ years.
A. 've known, since B. know, for C. 've known, for D. know, since
68. _____________ your work yet?
A. Did you do B. Have you done C. have you been doing
69. How long ________________ English now?
A. are you learning B. have you learnt C. have you been learning
70. I hear you __________ married. When did the ceremony take place?
A. are just B. have just been C. were just
71. Andrew _______ to see us this evening.
A. will come B. comes C. is coming
72. Who ______________ tonight?
A. comes B. will come C. is coming
73. He __________ his house by the end of the year.
A. will sell B. will be selling C. will have sold D. is selling
74. At this time tomorrow I ________________ tennis.
A. will play B. will have played C. am playing D. will be playing
75. By the end of next summer I _________________ here for 15 years now
A. will live B. will be living C. will have been living D. will have lived
76. This picture _____ by a friend of my mother's.
A. is painting B. is paintedC. was painting D. was painted
77. On her birthday___________
A. she was given a new car B. a new car was given to her
78. We can't use the sports hall yet because it________
A. is still built B. is still buildingC. is still being built
79. War criminals _______to justice in the next few months.
A. are brought B. will be brought C. have brought
80. So far he _________ at Tennis.
A. wasn’t beat B. hasn’t been beaten C. hasn’t beaten D. won’t be beat
81. My wife will be upset_________
A. I don’t get back tomorrow. B. unless I get back tomorrow.
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82. I _____ you if you _____that again.
A. hit, say B. 'll hit, 'll say C. hit, 'll say D. 'll hit, say
83. If you ______ me, I ______ in real trouble last year.
A. didn't help, would have been B. hadn't helped, would have been
C. hadn't helped, would be D. didn't help, would be
84. It’s time you___________home, but I’d rather you ________here.
A. go, stay B. went, stayed C. go, stayed D. went, stay
85. I wish I _____ more time.
A. had B. have C. would have D. will have
86. There's the man ______ took your coat.
A. which B. whoC. that D. (nothing)
87. She keeps tapping her fingers, ______ gets on my nerves.
A. which B. what C. that which
88. John Hastings,___________, has just come to live in our street.
A) that I was at school with B) I was at school with
C) with who I was at school D) with whom I was at school
89. The book _____ I was reading yesterday was a detective story.
A. (nothing / that) B. who C. whose
90. The girl __________ mother you were talking to is at the door
A. who B. whom C. whose
91. I'll see you ______ Tuesday afternoon.
A. at B. on C. in
92. We’d like to see you ____ at the airport..
A. off B. of C. away
93. We're going ______ the opera tomorrow night
A. at B. (nothing) C. in D. to
94. Can you finish the job _____ Friday?
A. till B. until C. by D. for
95. There's a supermarket ______our house.
A. in front of B. opposite C. facing
96. If you have trouble going to sleep, try _________a glass of milk before bedtime.
A. drinking B. to drink C. drink
97. I went to London _____ clothes
A. for buy B. for to buyC. for buying D. to buy
98. You can't live very long without ______
A. to eat B. eatC. eating D. you eat
99. I enjoy ______ but I wouldn't like ______ it all my life.
A. to teach, to do B. teaching, doingC. to teach, doing D. teaching, to do
100. I look forward ______ you soon.
A. seeing B. to seeingC. to see
101. The man admitted _________ several watches from the shop.
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A. to take B. taking C. having taken D. to have taken
102. Would you mind __________ all about it?
A. to tell B. telling C. tell
103. Sorry, I didn’t mean ________
A. hurt you B. to hurt you C. hurting you
104. Please excuse _________________.
A. our arriving late B us to arrive late C. we arriving late
105. I just can’t help _____________
A. to feel tired B. feeling tired C. feel tired
106. Mary: "I went skiing." Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ skiing."
A. went B. had gone C. have gone
107. Mary: "I was swimming." Jill: "Mary said (that) she ___ swimming.
A. has been B. had been C. have been
108. Mary: "I bought it three years ago."
Jill: "Mary said (that) she had bought it ___ ."A. in three years B. three years ago C. three years before
109. Mary: "I will go downtown tomorrow." Jill: "Mary said (that) she would go downtown ___ ."
A. on Friday B. tomorrow C. the following / next day
110. Mary: "I went shopping yesterday." Jill: "Mary said (that) she had gone shopping ___ ."
A. yesterday B. the day before C. on Saturday
111. Can you _____ ?
A. make me some tea B. make for me some tea
112. Her eyes ______ a very light blue.
A. have B. are C. has
113. How many brothers and sisters __________?
A. have you got? B. do you have ? C. are you having?
114. Good! ______________ to work tomorrow?
A. have you got B. do you have C. are you having
115. Try _____ be late.
A. not to B. to not
116. Her parents don't want _____ married.
A. her to get B. her get C. that she get D. they want.
117. Who _______ the window?
A. open B. opened C. did opened
118. Why ______ ?
A. are those men are laughing B. are laughing those men C. are those men laughing
119. What _____?
A. does she want B. does she wants C. she wants
120. I didn't _____ he was at home.
A. to think B. think C. thinking D. thought
121. _____ a hole in my sock.
A. There's B. Their’s C. Their is
122. This is my friend Joe. I _______ met, have you?
A. don't think you've B. think you haven't
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123. I'm not sure what _______
A. do they want? . do they want. C. they want.
124. The policeman _______ me not to park there.
A. asked B. said C. told
125. Did John ______________ to drive a car?
A. teach you B. learn you C. taught you D. learnt you
126. Last Sunday _______thousands of people at the beach.
A. it was B. they were C. there was D. there were
127. Who went to Paris ? John _______
A. has B. did C. does D. was
128. She doesn’t speak Russian.
A. He doesn’t either B. He doesn’t neither C. Neither he does D. He doesn’t too.
129. I speak Japanese.
A. He does too B. So he does C. So does he D. Him too.
130. Ken doesn’t come from London .
A. Neither Tom does B. Tom also C. Tom isn’t coming, too D. Nor does Tom
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REVISION 21. We are taking the bus to school.A. We take the bus to school every day.B. We are on the bus to school right now.C. We prefer to take the bus to school.D. We don't take the bus to school.
2. Two boys are in the park now.A. They are playing football.B. They play football.C. They do play football.D. They football play.
3. _______ they ________ to school?A. Are, goB. Are, goingC. Is, goD. Do, going
4. Tom’s father is Peter.A. Tom is Peter's father.B. Peter is Tom's father.C. Tom is a father.D. Tom doesn't have a father.
5. ________ rice do you want?A. How manyB. How lotsC. How muchD. How lot of
6. Jen and Kim _________ at school now, but they _________ at school last night.A. were, wereB. were, areC. are, weren'tD. aren't, weren't
7. Today he _______, but yesterday he _________.A. is angry, was happyB. was happy, is sadC. is bored, were excitedD. was happy, was happy
8. ________ three jackets on the chair.A. There isB. They areC. There areD. That are9. Describe that car.A. It is a big, American, black car.B. It is an American, big, black car.C. It is a black, American, big car.
D. It is a big, black, American car.
10. Peter lives _________ Toronto.A. atB. toC. inD. of
Level 2A Questions
11. My sister works for a travel agency. ________ is the manager.A. SheB. HerC. HersD. He
12. My mother always asks me to ______ the dishes.A. doB. makeC. haveD. help
13. My girlfriend ______________ two days ago.A. callB. calltC. caltD. called
14. Last Tuesday, my hockey practice ___________ at 5:00 p.m.A. begunB. beginC. beganD. begon
15. Lisa used to be fat.A. Lisa is still fat.B. Lisa was thin before. She is fat now.C. Lisa was fat before. Now she is thin.D. Lisa was never fat.
16. Peter used to play hockey.A. He plays hockey every day.B. He played hockey before. Now he doesn’t play hockey.C. He played hockey before. Now he plays hockey.D. He is accustomed to playing hockey every day.
17. Greg didn’t use to smoke.A. He didn’t smoke before. He smokes now.
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B. He smoked before. He doesn’t smoke now.C. He smoked before. He smokes now.D. He didn't smoke before. He doesn't smoke now.
18. They bought the shoes when they were in Toronto.A. They bought the shoes before they went to Toronto.B. They bought the shoes after they returned from Toronto.C. They wore the shoes in Toronto.D. They bought the shoes at the same time that they were in Toronto.
19. They have _____ apple and _____ banana. _____ apple is red.A. a, a, AB. an, the, TheC. an, a, AD. an, a, The
20. Jodie wore _______ ugly dress to _______ party.A. an, theB. a, aC. a, theD. the, the
21. Which of the following is a non-count noun?A. appleB. bananaC. strawberryD. fruit
22. Larry sometimes cuts _____________ when he shaves in the morning.A. heB. himC. himselfD. his
Level 2B Questions
23. The phone is ringing, ____ get it.A. I’m going toB. I’llC. I amD. I do
24. What ____ do next year?A. are you going toB. will youC. won't youD. do you
25. There is a big black cloud in the sky. I think it ________________ rain.A. willB. is going toC. won'tD. isn't going to
26. My brother is _____ Tom.A. more tall thanB. taller thanC. tallestD. as tall than
27. We went to a fortune teller. She said we __________ become rich and famous.A. is going toB. are going toC. willD. both B and C are correct
28. I am ____ now.A. confusederB. confused moreC. more confusedD. the most confused
29. Let’s meet __ the afternoon, __ 4:00.A. in, onB. at, atC. in, atD. on, at
30. My brother was born ________ November 16 _____ 1970.A. on, onB. on, inC. in, inD. in, on
31. Do you _____ to eat peanut butter?A. likeB. enjoyC. wishD. seem
Level 3A Questions
32. John bought a present for his girlfriend.A. John bought it for her.B. John bought it for himself.C.John’s girlfriend bought it.D. John bought his girlfriend it.
33. Peter and Tom discussed ____at the meeting.
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A. to bill clientsB. billing clientsC. both a) and b)D. neither a) nor b)
34. My friends enjoy dancing.A. They enjoy to dance.B. Dancing is something we enjoy to do.C. Dancing is fun for them.D. My friends like to dancing.
35. They decided _____ when they saw the fight break out.A. to leaveB. leavingC. both a) and b)D. neither a) nor b)
36. She _____ letters while her son ___.A. was writing , was watching TVB. wrote, watched TVC. was writing, watched TV D. wrote, was watching TV
37. Peter would rather have tea than coffee.A. Peter prefers coffee.B. Peter has rather a lot of coffee.C. He would be better not to give Peter tea.D. Peter likes tea better than coffee.
38. Should I turn up the radio?A. No, it’s loud enough.B. Yes, it’s too loud.C. Yes, it’s very loud.D. No, I can’t hear it.
39. I’d like to try on a bigger pair of pants, please. These ones are ________ small. They’re not big _________.A. too, enoughB. very, enoughC. to, enoughD. very, too
40. Tom was ____ busy to go with us.A. veryB. tooC. soD. to
41. My soup was delicious.A. How was your soup?B. Where was your soup?C. Why was your soup?
D. How is your soup?
42. What were you doing when the spaceship landed?A. I slept.B. I was sleeping. C. I woke up.D. I didn’t sleep.
43. He’s very intelligent.A. What is he like?B. What does he look like?C. What does he like?D. What likes he?
44. No one answered the door. I guess ___ is home. There ___ lights on.A. none, aren’t noB. nobody, aren’t anyC. no one, are noneD. nothing, isn’t any
45. I am very full. I don’t want ________.A. nothingB. somethingC. anythingD. no more
Level 3B Questions46. They borrowed a book ____________ the library.A. toB. fromC. forD. at
47. Peter has worked at Starbucks for three years.A. Three years ago, Peter worked at Starbucks.B. Peter worked for Starbucks for three years and then quit.C. Peter works for Starbucks. He started working there 3 years ago.D. Peter worked for Starbucks 3 years ago but quit.
48. I don’t want to see that movie. I ____ it five times already.A. sawB. have seenC. seenD. have been seeing
49. We ___________ Christmas dinner __________ three hours.A. have been cooking, forB. have been cooking, since
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C. have cooked, forD. have cooked, since
50. When you don’t do your homework you get a terrible mark.A. You should not do your homework.B. You could do your homework.C. You couldn’t do your homework.D. You had better do your homework.
51. The cake is almost gone.A. Some of the cake is left.B. There isn’t any cake.C. A little of the cake has been eaten.D. Most of the cake is here.
52. Almost all of the Canadians that I know like to watch hockey.A. Most Canadians watch hockey.B. Some Canadians watch hockey.C. All Canadians watch hockey.D. One Canadian watches hockey.
53. None of the workers were taking a break.A. Not one of the workers were busy.B. No workers were working.C. A few of the workers were not taking a break.D. All of the workers were working.
54. My pen is broken. I need _____ .A. other oneB. almost one moreC. each oneD. another one
55. Maria has three dictionaries. Two are Spanish-English. _____________ one is English-English.A. OtherB. The otherC. AnotherD. Each
56. Many students study English in Canada. ____________ study French.A. OthersB. The othersC. Another oneD. Each one
Level 4A Questions
57. “What are these symbols for?” “I’m not sure but they could be laundry instructions.”A. Joe has no idea if they are laundry instructions.
B. Joe thinks that they might be laundry instructions.C. Joe is sure that they are not laundry instructions.D. Joe thinks that they must be laundry instructions.
58. ____ you please close the door?A. CouldB. ShallC. MightD. Do
59. That pen must be Susan’s. She was sitting at the desk.A. It must be Susan who has the pen.B. The pen ought to be Susan.C. Susan must be the owner of the pen.D. The pen had better belong to Susan.
60. If I have time, I’ll go with you.A. I have time. I’ll go with you.B. I might have time. I’ll go with you if I do.C. I don’t have time. I can’t go with you.D. I might have time. I won’t go with you.
61. I could drive there if I had a car.A. I have a car so I’ll drive there.B. I don’t have a car so I’ll drive there.C. I don’t have a car but I’d drive there if I did.D. I have a car but I won’t drive there.
62. If you let me know when your computer comes, I ______ you connect it.A. helpedB. will helpC. would helpD. could have helped
63. Susan likes pizza, _____.A. and Peter tooB. and Peter neitherC. and Peter does, tooD. and Peter does, neither
64. You’ve eaten sushi before, _____?A. didn't youB. did youC. haven't youD. won't you
65. They didn’t pick up the tickets, ___?A. did theyB. don't theyC. didn't theyD. do they
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66. I have a friend _________ loves to ski.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which
67. The girl __________ I like is very funny.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which
68. Have you read the book __I gave you?A. whereB. whenC. whichD. who
60. The dinner made me feel sick.A. The dinner which I ate made me feel sick.B. The dinner that I ate made me feel sick.C. The dinner I ate made me feel sick.D. All of the above.
70. I know the women ________ next door.A. who livesB. who liveC. that livesD. lives
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REPORTED SPEECH – review
1. Treceti urmatoarele afirmatii de la vorbirea directa la vorbirea indirecta (verbul introductiv este la trecut): Model: He said "I will leave for London tomorrow". He said (that) he would leave for London the next day.
1. The weather was fine yesterday. 2. I saw this film a week ago.
3. I will go shopping right now.
4. Last year I spent my holiday at the seaside.
5. I think it's going to rain tomorrow.
6. I don't remember where I have bought this dictionary.
7. I am very busy today.
8. John left for Sinaia two days ago.
9. I went to England two years ago.
10. I am going to have a nap this afternoon.
11. If I have enough money, I will buy a car next year.
12. If I had been at home, I would have answered the phone.
2. Treceti urmatoarele comenzi la vorbirea indirecta (verbul introductiv este la trecut) Model: He said: "Come in!" He told (asked, ordered) me to come in. 1. Don't drive so fast! 2. Open the door, please!
3. Read the text, please!
4. Write me a letter when you get to England!
5. Don't cross the street on a red light!
6. Be careful with my books!
7. Don't smoke so much!
8. Take this pill!
9. Don't interrupt me when I am speaking!
10. Ring me up when you arrive home!
PASSIVE VOICE – review
1. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva: 1. They will finish the work today.
2. He has found your bag.
3. I will invite my friend to a party.
4. Someone has found the missing child.
5. A specialist will repair my TV set.
6. His coworkers must do something for him.
7. People play football all over the world.
8. The noise frightened me.
9. They are building a new house round the corner.
10. They were building a new supermarket in that district last month, when I passed by.
2. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva in doua feluri, transformând atât complementul direct cât si cel indirect in subiecte: 1. The doctor prescribed some pills to the patient.
2. They have given me a nice present.
3. The policeman will show us the way.
4. I teach them English.
5. I have lent John two of my books.
6. The jury awarded the Romanian film director the Great Prize.
7. The guide showed the museum to the tourists.
8. They will give me a reward.
9. My friend doesn't always tell me the truth.
10. The teacher asked me a difficult question.
3. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii la diateza pasiva: 1. Has someone repaired the TV set?
2. Will you write the letter in ink?
3. Haven't they told you to be here at 6 o'clock?
4. Did the tornado frighten you?
5. Will someone tell him the details?
6. Have you fed the dog?
7. Did the sight of the accident shock him?
8. Did they tell you about the meeting?
9. Do you think they will turn down your request?
10. Would you have finished your work sooner if your colleagues hadn't interrupted you?
4. Treceti urmatoarele propozitii de la diateza pasiva la diateza activa. Gasiti subiecte acolo unde este necesar: 1. This book will soon be forgotten.
2. These books mustn't be taken away.
3. English is spoken all over the world.
4. This painting is admired by all the visitors of the museum.
5. This house has been built out of stone and cement.
6. A reception was held in his honour.
7. The pupils will be told where to sit.
8. I was recommended a very good doctor.
9. The climber was finally discovered by the rescue party.
10. He hates being made fun of.
5/. Traduceti in limba engleza: 1. In acest hotel se vorbesc limbi straine.
2. Ni s-a cerut sa aratam pasapoartele.
3. Ni s-au spus lucruri foarte interesante la conferinta.
4. Evenimentul a fost comentat de toate ziarele.
5. Scrisoarea va fi pusa la posta cât mai curând posibil.
6. Nu s-a auzit nimic despre el de când a plecat la Constanta.
7. Aceasta informatie treuie tratata confidential.
8. Sensurile cuvintelor noi trebuie cautate in dictionar.
9. Când a ajuns acasa si-a dat seama ca I se furase portofelul.
10. Cursul profesorului a fost ascultat de toti studentii.
11. Ni se vor da instructiuni detaliate in privinta referatului.
12. Se construiesc multe blocuri noi in cartierul nostru.
13. Muzeul a fost inchis pentru reparatii.
14. Acest timbru nu a fost bine lipit pe plic.
15. America a fost descoperita la sfârsitul secolului al XV-lea.
CONDITIONAL CLAUSE - review
Tradu partea A și continuă, formulând enunțuri proprii, partea B:
A.
1. Dacă s-ar simţi deprimată, ar ieşi la o plimbare prelungită.2. dacă ai ceva timp liber, treci pe la mine să mai discutăm.3. Dacă nu ar fi avut viteză mare, nu ar fi făcut accidentul de ieri. 4. Dacă ne scrie astăzi, mâine va primi răspunsul. 5. N-ai fi făcut nici un progres dacă nu ai fi învăţat mult.6. Dacă plec pe munte, îmi iau bocanci speciali.7. Dacă îl văd, îl voi avertiza să nu spună nimic.8. Nu ai fi ajuns acasă înaintea lăsării întunericului dacă nu ai fi plecat de acolo la ora 3.9. Dacă nu ţi-ar plăcea spectacolul ai pleca înainte de final.10. Nu-mi cântă dacă nu îl rog.11. Mi-ar fi trimis un mesaj de felicitare dacă ar fi ştiut când este ziua mea de naştere.12. Dacă ai fi trimis coletul prin poştă, l-aş fi primit până acum, dar nu a ajuns.13. Vei vinde casa imediat, dacă nu ceri un preţ exagerat.14. Toată lumea ar fi râs de ea dacă ar fi purtat pălăria aceea caraghioasă.15. Şi-ar termina raportul dacă nu ar fi obosită.16. Nu ar tremura dacă nu ar fi atât de frig.17. Aş fi mers şi eu în excursie dacă mi-ai fi spus că pleci.18. Nu ar sta acasă dacă ar fi vreme bună.19. John ar lua note mai bune dacă ar fi mai atent.20. Vom pune cortul destul de repede dacă nu bate vântul.
B.
21. If you want to read this book ……22. Unless the light improves …..23. If I were to win the competition ….24. If you hadn’t offended him ….25. If you had lost that ticket …26. If I wanted to do the journey in one day only …27. I shouldn’t be so pleased if you …28. I wouldn’t have been able to find my way …29. I wouldn’t need to wear glasses if …30. If I saw an accident …31. If my friend had not come …32. If gold had not been found in California …33. If the thief had been caught …34. If he hadn’t made so many mistakes…35. There would be many accidents if …36. Many visitors would have been disappointed if …37. The surprise will be extraordinary if …38. The heat will be unbearable if …39. All the players would not have done their best if … 40. If you don’t understand ...41. You wouldn’t be so tired if …42. If they were in your place …43. What would you do if …?44. She wouldn’t have arrived so late …45. What will you do if …?46. I won’t go unless …47. If you had telephoned earlier …48. She wouldn’t have gone on the trip unless …49. If he wouldn’t have been frightened by the bear …
50. If she spends all the money I gave her …
C.
1.Mark the correct verb form:
a.If you don’t spend/didn’t spend so much money on clothes,you could go on a trip.
b.If I hadn’t been so rude,they would like/would have liked me.
c.If I knew/had known your e-mail address I would send you these photos.
d.If he doesn’t tell the truth we will/would never speak to him again.
e.What would you do/would you have done if you had been me?
2.Complete each sentence so it means the same as the sentence above it:
a.Joe was ill,so he couldn’t come to my party.
Joe would ………
b.You won’t get a good mark unless you study hard.
If you don’t……….
3.Complete the sentences using the correct form of the verb in brackets:
a.If I were you,I …………..(leave) now.
b. He might have won the contest if he……….(try) harder.
c. I’ll call the police if I ………………..(hear) a strange noise.
4. Complete the sentences:
a. What……………….if you were in my shoes?
b.If I see him again,I ………………..
c. Would you have lent him the money if…………………..?
5.Answer the following question:
What would you do if you won the lottery?
THE PREPOSITION
Ce este o prepozitie?
O prepozitie este un cuvant care leaga substantivul sau pronumele de cuvantul sau grupul de cuvinte care ii sunt antecedente.Exemplu: He is walking on the bridge. (El merge pe pod.)Prepozitia “on” arata relatia dintre “verb phrase”-ul “is walking” si substantivul “bridge”. Observati ca prepozitia “on” vine inaintea substantivului “bridge”. O prepozitie de obicei vine inaintea substantivului sau pronumelui pe care il deserveste ca complement. Ocupa “pre-pozitia”, ceea ce inseamna pozitia de din-nainte. Se numeste “prepozitie” deoarece este plasata de obicei in fata unui substantiv sau pronume.Exemple de prepozitii: about, above, across, after, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, concerning, down, during, except, for, from, in, inside, into, like, near, of, off, on, over, post, since, through, throughout, to, toward, under, until, up, upon, with, within, without, underneath
Prepozitii care arata locul: behind, below, beneath, beside, between, beyond, by, in, inside, near, off, on, over, post, under, upon, withinExemplu: The water is in the glass. (Apa e in pahar.)
Prepozitii care arata directia: down, from, into, out of, through, to, towardExemplu: The girl ran toward her mother. (Fata a alergat catre mama ei.)
Prepozitii care arata timpul: after, at, before, duringExemplu: She left at three o’clock. (Ea a plecat la trei.)
Prepozitii care arata modul: by, like, withExemplu: They travel by bus. (Ei circula cu autobuzul.)
Prepozitii care arata legatura: through, by, withExemplu: That computer was made by IBM. (Acel calculator a fost facut de IBM.)
Prepozitii care arata asocierea sau sursa: with, of, fromExemplu: He came with his mother. (El a venit cu mama lui.); They are from another country. (Ei sunt din alta tara.)
Phrasal prepositions
Majoritatea prepozitilor constau intr-un cuvant, dar unele sunt grupuri de cuvinte care merg impreuna.Exemple: because of, by way of, in care of, in lieu of, in spite of, instead of, on account of, on side ofFiecare dintre ele sunt considerate o prepozitie.Exemplu: The Carters drove to Florida by way of Texas. (Familia Carter a mers in Florida prin Texas.)“By way of” este folosita pentru a modifica verbul “drove”, asadar functioneaza ca un adverb.“In care of” este folosita in adresarea plicurilor.
Prepositional phrase
“Prepositional phrase” reprezinta un “phrase” care incepe cu o prepozitie si se uncheie cu un substantiv sau un pronume. Cel mai adesea ea se incheie cu un substantiv.Exemplu: He was a man of the king. (El era omul regelui.)Totusi ea se poate incheia si cu un pronume.Exemplu: My children turned against me. (Copiii mei s-au intors impotriva mea.)O “prepositional phrase” poate functiona ca adjectiv, spunand mai multe despre un substantiv sau un pronume.Exemplu: John was a man of wealth. (John era bogat.)O “prepositional phrase” poate functiona ca adverb, spunand mai multe despre un verb, un adjectiv sau un alt adverb.Exemplu: Go and tell my opinion to the people. (Du-te si spune-mi opinia oamenilor.)Cateodata o “prepositional phrase” urmeaza substantivului principal dintr-o propozitie si este o parte a subiectului.Exemplu: His plan for saving humanity from sickness has developed before our eyes. (Planul lui de a salva umanitatea de boala s-a dezvoltat in fata ochilor nostri.)
Reguli speciale de folosire a prepozitilor
1. Cand subiectul unei propozitii contine o “prepositional phrase”, verbul sau “verb phrase”-ul trebuie sa fie in acord cu substantivul principal, nu cu substantivul din “prepositional phrase”.Exemplu: The girl with the flowers is our granddaughter. (Fata cu florile este nepoata noastra.)Verbul de legatura “is” este la singular deoarece este in acord cu substantivul principal “girl, nu cu substantivul la plural “flowers”.
2. “Among” este folosit atunci cand ne referim la mai mult de doua persoane, locuri sau lucruri.Exemplu: I live among people. (Traiesc printre oameni.)
3. “Between” este folosit cand ne referim la doua persoane, locuri sau lucruri.Exemplu: The relationship between Mary and her father was ruined by her husband. (Relatia dintre Maria si tatal ei a fost ruinata de sotul ei.)
4. Nu adaugati prepozitii care nu sunt necesare la sfarsitul propozitilor.Exemplu: Este incorect sa intrebam: Where are the people at? Corect este sa spunem: Where are the people? (Unde sunt oamenii?)
5. “Beside” inseamna “next to” (langa).Exemplu: They buried him in the cave beside his beloved wife. (Ei l-au ingropat in pestera, langa preaiubita sa sotie.)
6. “Besides” inseamna “except” (exceptand) sau “in addition to” (pe langa).Exemplu: There was no food in the wilderness besides coconuts. (Nu era mancare in salbaticie, in afara de nuci de cocos.
PRACTICE
A. Fill in the right preposition into the gaps.
1. Currently many countries in the world are war.
2. He grew up drug addicts. No wonder he became one.
3. He lived there 1950 to 1980.
4. How many kilometers are there Paris and London?
5. I came vain.
6. I know it was not an accident. You did it purpose.
7. I really enjoyed the party. All all it was a successful one.
8. I will be back again on Monday. I should be all right again then.
9. It is only you and me. Keep it confidential.
10. One of the policemen was killed a knife.
11. Rewrite the important parts of the letter bold, will you?
12. She hates being late. She is always time.
13. The brittish railway workers have been strike for two weeks now.
14. They were themselves with joy when they heard the baby had been born.
15. We did not arrive time to say goodbye. They had already left.
16. When you are doubt do not hesitate to contact me.
17. Which of her books have you got, this one?
18. Who did you buy it ?
19. how long have you been here?
20. when have you lived in this town?
B. Choose the right preposition1. There is an explanation of photosynthesis _____ Chapter 11.
at
in
on
to
2. The answers to the problems are _____ page 227.
at
in
on
to
3. You have to be _____ least 18 to vote.
at
in
on
to
4. When did the U.S. send the first men _____ the moon?
at
in
on
to
5. _____ times I feel like quitting.
at
in
on
to
6. Did you see ____ Professor Thompson today?
at
to
with
Ø
7. Yes, I asked him _____ the chemistry problem I didn't understand, and he explained it to me.
about
for
of
Ø
8. Yes, I asked him _____ the homework I missed when I was absent, and he gave it to me.
about
for
of
Ø
9. Excuse me, sir. May I ask _____ you a question?
at
for
to
Ø
10. Billy, where have you been? You're covered _____ mud!
on
with
for
to
11. Are you going to the meeting _____ Friday?
at
in
on
to
12. Are you going to the Padres game _____ this Friday?
at
in
on
Ø
13. The guest lecturer talked _____ economic development.
to
on
with
Ø
14. The professor wrote several comments _____ my paper.
in
on
about
to
15. The professor made several comments _____ my ideas.
in
on
about
to
16. The search _____ the source of the Nile took many years.
for
from
by
Ø
17. The class discussed _____ Rousseau's social contract yesterday.
to
with
about
Ø
18. Does the candidate have a plan _____ balancing the budget?
about
for
to
on
19. Do you plan _____ speaking at the meeting?
about
for
to
on
20. He wants more help _____ the U.S. to combat
terrorism.
by
for
from
on
21. Seven people were severely injured in the accident, according _____ doctors.
by
to
with
Ø
22. I need more time to study; I'm not ready _____ the test.
for
of
about
Ø
23. Please look at the chart _____ the middle of the page.
at
in
on
to
24. I'm not familiar _____ fashion trends in Japan.
by
of
with
Ø
25. I'm not aware _____ any opposition to the proposals.
to
with
for
of
26. Who will look _____ your cat while you're on vacation?
at
for
about
after
27. Police are looking _____ the matter.
about
for
in
into
28. Do you know what features to look _____ when buying a personal computer?
at
for
to
up
29. Professor Olsen is a credit _____ his department.
for
for to
to
Ø
30. Who translated García Lorca's poetry _____ English?
by
for
in
into
31. People all _____ the world now use the Internet.
among
beyond
over
within
32. The teacher said she noticed a big improvement _____ our oral work this term.
for
in
on
to
33. He was so mad he threw a book _____ me!
at
for
to
Ø
34. I shouted _____ him across the river.
at
for
to
Ø
35. Mr. Gordon's son really looks _____ him; he thinks he's great.
up at
up with
up on
up to
36. Dr. Taylor is leaving _____ of the semester.
at the end
for the end
in the end
to the end
37. We had a lot of problems with our old house. _____ we decided to sell it.
At the end
For the end
In the end
To the end
38. I left work late, but I got home _____ time to watch the beginning of the game.
at
on
in
for
39. _____ first I thought this course would be easy, but it is becoming quite difficult.
At
On
In
By
40. Dave is very experienced _____ Web design.
to
on
in
for
41. U.S. trade is very dependent _____ foreign demand.
at
on
in
to
42. I am averse _____ changing our strategy at this point in the campaign.
at
on
in
to
43. The teacher was unsuccessful _____ changing the student's mind.
for
on
in
to
44. I'm hopeless _____ mathematics!
at
on
in
to
45. U.S. citizens do not need a visa to enter _____ Canada.
at
in
to
Ø
46. Our company had a 30% increase _____ sales last year.
in
on
of
Ø
47. The new bill lacks _____ sufficient support in the Senate.
in
on
of
Ø
48. Many accidents are casued by a lack _____ sleep.
in
on
of
Ø
49. Videogames are very efficient _____ enhancing visual skills.
at
in
on
for
50. He is very typical _____ his generation.
in
on
of
by
51. We are all responsible _____ our actions.
for
from
of
by
52. The subjects in the study were divided _____ three groups.
by
on
to
into
53. At the end of trading, the Dow Jones Industrial Average was up _____ 21 points.
by
for
at
until
54. Most people now take eating fast food _____ granted.
for
from
of
by
55. I'm afraid you are not eligible _____ the scholarship.
for
from
of
by
56. There are certain limitations inherent _____ that technology.
for
in
on
by
57. That item is only available _____ mail order.
for
in
on
by
58. Is the price acceptable ____ you?
for
with
to
Ø
59. Minority-owned firms will eventually comprise _____ the majority of U.S. businesses.
for
of
to
Ø
60. The United States is comprised _____ fifty states.
for
of
to
Ø
61. John wants a salary commensurate _____ his responsibliities.
for
to
with
Ø
62. I am convinced _____ his innocence.
for
in
with
of
63. The deal is contingent _____ your accepting a price of $50 a share.
with
in
on
to
64. Because he was a newcomer, he was viewed _____ mistrust.
for
with
in
by
65. Her illness caused _____ her a lot of pain.
to
for
by
Ø
66. In his new book, Professor Nash devotes only one paragraph _____ fiscal policy.
to
for
on
with
67. He is developing ____ a good teacher.
to
in
into
Ø 68. Owing _____ unforeseen circumstances, I will not be able to attend tomorrow.
to
with
for
Ø
69. His term paper was filled _____ mistakes.
to
with
for
by
70. That company's shares are priced _____ only 12 times earnings.
at
in
on
to
71. Automobile navigation systems rely _____ global positioning satellites.
by
for
in
on
72. _____ my opinion, we are going about this all wrong.
From
For
In
To
73. Carob is often used as a substitute _____ chocolate.
by
for
to
of
74. Poor grammar can detract _____ the effectiveness of your paper.
for
from
of
to
75. _____ my mind, that is a specious argument.
By
For
On
To
76. Professor Taylor will not be available _____ next Friday.
at
in
on
Ø
77. If I don't finish this assignment, I'm going to be _____ big trouble.
at
in
on
Ø
78. That company's stock split two _____ one.
by
on
for
with
79. Aspirin helps prevent heart attacks _____ acting on platelets.
by
for
from
in
80. The ship was traveling _____ full speed when it collided with an iceberg.
by
for
at
on
81. I thought I would be retired _____ now.
by
for
at
on
82. We talked _____ that case yesterday, Mr. Wilson.
about
to
with
Ø
83. Thank you for confiding _____ me. I will certainly try to help you.
at
to
in
Ø
84. A: How much is a good MD player? B: $200 _____ most.
at
by
for
to
85. I am very pleased _____ the job you are doing, Miss Perez.
at
for
in
with
86. The teacher wants us to write _____ a pen.
by
for
in
with
87. The letter was unsigned and written _____
pencil.
by
for
in
on
88. An in-depth analysis of a stock must precede _____ its purchase.
by
for
to
Ø
89. Some people believe that the Social Security system should be replaced _____ accounts owned by individuals.
to
with
for
in
90. _____ average, the birds have arrived five days earlier each decade.
On
By
In
Through
91. The program is aimed _____ identifying students who are the most likely to succeed in college.
at
in
by
to
92. A large part of the U.S. economy is subject _____ competition from foreign labor.
at
in
by
to
93. The twentieth century saw incredible advances _____ medicine.
at
in
by
to
94. Everybody should have access _____ high-quality health care.
at
in
on
to
95. The U. S. has a competitive advantage _____ innovation.
in
on
to
with
96. His teaching style is consistent _____ his personality.
in
on
to
with
97. The land was valued _____ $10,000,000.
at
for
in
to
98. He is opposed _____ tax cuts.
at
for
on
to
99. There was no agreement _____ the type of copy protection to offer.
at
for
on
to
100. In this study, wages have been adjusted _____ inflation.
by
for
in
with
C. Prepositions – choose the right combination ......................................................................................................1 He made his escape by jumping ______ a
window and jumping ______ a waiting car.
over / into
between / into
out of / between
out of / into
up to / out of
2 To get to the Marketing department, you have to go ______ those stairs and then ______ the corridor to the end.
over / into
between / into
out of / between
out of / into
up / along
3 I saw something about it ______ television.
in
on
at
through
with
4 I couldn't get in ______ the door so I had to climb ______ a window.
through / in
between / into
out of / between
out of / into
up / along
5 She took the key ______ her pocket and put it ________ the lock.
over / into
between / into
out of / in
by / on
up to / out of
6 He drove ______ me without stopping and drove off ______ the centre of town.
from / into
towards / over
along / up
past / towards
in / next to
7 I took the old card ______ the computer and put ______ the new one.
through / in
out of / in
out of / between
out of / into
up / along
8 I went ______ him and asked him the best way to get ______ town.
from / into
towards / over
along / up
by / on
up to / out of
9 It's unlucky to walk ______ a ladder in my culture. I always walk ______ them.
through / in
out of / in
under / around
out of / into
up / along
10 The restaurant is ______ the High Street, ______ the cinema.
through / in
out of / in
under / around
in / next to
up / along
11 Sally left school ______ the age of 16 and went to work ______ a bank.
through / in
out of / in
under / around
in / next to
at / in
12 He jumped ______ the wall and ______ the garden.
over / into
towards / over
along / up
by / on
up to / out of
13 He was driving ______ 180 miles per hour when he crashed ______ the central barrier.
at / into
out of / in
under / around
in / next to
at / in
14 She ran ______ the corridor and ______ the stairs to the second floor.
from / into
towards / over
along / up
by / on
in / next to
15 John is the person standing ______ the window, ______ the woman with the long blonde hair.
at / into
beside / next to
under / around
in / next to
at / in
16 When the bull ran ______ me, I jumped ______ the fence.
from / into
towards / over
beside / next to
by / on
in / next to
17 Look, that car's ______ fire.
through
with
in
into
on
18 He saw a parking space ______ two cars and drove ______ it.
over / into
between / into
along / up
by / on
up to / out of
19 Harry comes to work ______ car but I prefer to come ______ foot.
at / into
beside / next to
by / on
in / next to
at / in
20 He took the book ______ the shelf and put it ______ his bag.
from / into
at / into
beside / next to
by / on
in / next to
THAT’S ALL ON PREPOSITIONS!
THE CONJUNCTION
Tipuri de conjunctii
Sunt trei tipuri de conjunctii:
1. COORDONATOARE 2. SUBORDONATOARE
3. CORELATIVE
CONJUNCTIILE COORDONATOARE
Prepozitiile coordonatoare sunt folosite pentru a lega doua elemente coordonate, aceste elemente sunt reprezentate de cuvinte sau grupuri de cuvinte de acelasi rang. Cele mai comune conjunctii coordonatoare sunt: and, but, for, nor, or, so, yetO conjuctie coordonatoare poate unii cuvinte simple de acelasi rang ca: doua substantive, doua pronume, doua verbe sau adjective.Exemple: (Substantive) Mary and Jane went to Brasov. (Maria si Jane au mers la Brasov.); (Verbe) Go and look carefully if she is in. (Du-te si uita-te cu grija daca ea este inauntru.); (Adjective) He is powerful but loving. (El este puternic, dar iubitor.)O conjunctie coordonatoare poate deasemenea lega fraze sau propozitii.Exemple: (Propozitii) There were no rooms left in the hotel so Mary slept outside. (Nu erau camere in hotel, asa ca Mary a dormit afara.); (Fraze) You will find a baby, wrappde in clothes and lying in a feeding box. (Tu vei gasi un copil, infasurat in haine si intins intr-o cutie de mancare.)Cand o conjunctie coordonatoare leaga doua propozitii simple, se formeaza o propozitie compusa. O propozitie simpla are doar un subiect si un predicat. O propozitie compusa are cel putin doua din fiecare.Exemplu: He will come to you and his funny face will make you laugh. (El va veni la tine si fata lui amuzanta te va face sa razi.)Aceasta propozitie compusa reprezinta de fapt doua propozitii simple unite de conjunctia “and”. Cand sunt unite de o conjunctie, fiecare propozitie simpla devine o propozitie independenta intr-o propozitie compusa.
CONJUNCTIILE SUBORDONATOARE
Conjunctiile subordonatoare sunt folosite pentru a alatura elemente cu rang inegal intr-o propozitie. Aceste elemente sunt de obicei o propozitie independenta si o propozitie dependenta.Exemplu: John went to Paris (propozitie independenta) because (conjunctie subordonatoare) he loved the city (propozitie subordonata). (Ion a mers la Paris deoarece el iubea orasul.In aceasta propozitie, adverbul “because” este o conjunctie subordonatoare. Introduce propozitia subordonata “because he loved the city”. Aceasta propozitie spune de ce Ion a mers la Paris. O propozitie subordonata spune cum, pentru cat timp, unde si de ce; asadar este clasificata ca o propozitie adverbiala.Exemple de conjunctii: after, although, as, as long as, because, before, except, how, if, in, provided, since, that, though, unless, until, what, when, whenever, where, whereas, wherever, whether, while, whoever, whomever, as much as, in order thatDupa cum am mai mentionat o conjunctie subordonatoare introduce o propozitie subordonata.Exemplu: He became a better person when he met her. (El a devenit o persoana mai buna cand a intalnit-o.) When he met her, he became a better person. (Cand a intalnit-o a devenit o persoana mai buna.)In ambele propozitii “when” este conjunctia subordonata care introduce propozitia “when he met her.”Cand o propozitie dependenta (subordonata) vine inainte, este urmata de o virgula.O propozitie formata dintr-o propozitie independenta plus una sau mai multe propozitii dependente se numeste o
propozitie complexa.Exemplu: Stay here until I tell you it is safe. (Stai aici pana iti spun eu ca este sigur.)
CONJUNCTIILE CORELATIVE
Conjunctiile corelative sunt conjunctii coordonatoare folosite in perechi.Exemplu: as…as, either…or, neither…nor, both…and, if…then, not only…but alsoConjunctiile corelative alatura elemente cu acelasi nume si rang (cum ar fi adjectivele sau substantivele) si intaresc elementele care sunt unite.Exemplu: (Adjective) Before Mary and Jane had done either good or bad, they were chosen to be in the same school. (Inainte ca Maria si Jane sa faca fie bine, fie rau, ele au fost alese sa mearga la aceiasi scoala.); (Substantive) Both Mary and Jane went up the mountain. (Atat Maria cat si Jane s-au urcat pe munte.)
Mai multe despre conjunctiile adverbiale
Unele adverbe conjunctivale alatura doua propozitii independente. Aceste adverbe se numesc adverbe de legatura. Adverbele de legatura explica relatia dintre ideile exprimate in doua propozitii independente. Ele pot sugera ca ideea exprimata in cea de-a doua propozitie rezulta din ideea exprimata in prima propozitie.Exemplu: He loves and values everyone, therefore, we must not insult or injure him. (El iubeste si pretuieste pe toata lumea, asadar, noi nu trebuie sa-l insultam sau sa-l ranim.)Pe de alta parte, adverbele de legatura pot contrasta ideile din doua propozitii.Exemplu: He had some human weakness: however, he also had a strong faith in his sons. (El avea niste slabiciuni omenesti: totusi, el avea deasemenea incredere puternica in fiii sai.)Sau, adverbele de legatura pot arata ca ideea exprimata in cea de-a doua propozitie este continuarea ideii exprimate in prima propozitie.Exemplu: He trusted his sons; furthermore, he taught them how to handle life. (El avea incredere in fiii sai; mai mult, el i-a invatat cum sa se descurce in viata.)Exemple de adverbe de legatura: accordingly, conversely, also, as a result, however, further, therefore, nevertheless, furthermore, thus, nonetheless, in addition
PRACTICE
A. Complete the sentences by choosing the best coordinating conjunction for each space - and but or so
1. Jaewon was cold, ...................... he put on a coat.2. Maria tried to read a novel in French, ...................... it was too difficult.
3. To get from Vancouver to Victoria, you can fly, ....................... you can ride the ferry.4. I bought a bottle of wine, .................... we drank it together.5. The waiter was not very nice, ...................... the food was delicious.6. I went to buy a Rolling Stones CD, ........................... the shop didn't have it.7. Anna needed some money ....................... she took a part-time job.8. There's so much rain lately! Maybe it's because of El Nino .....................maybe it's just coincidence.9. Julie has a guitar .............................. she plays it really well.10. The concert was cancelled, ...................... we went to a nightclub instead.
B. Fill in the blanks with these words: although, and, because, but, or, since, so, unless, until, when.
1 Things were different _____ I was young.
2 I do it _____ I like it.
3 Let us wait here _____ the rain stops.
4 You cannot be a lawyer _____ you have a law degree.
5 That was years _____ years ago.
6 She has not called _____ she left last week.
7 I saw him leaving an hour _____ two ago.
8 This is an expensive _____ very useful book.
9 We were getting tired _____ we stopped for a rest.
10 He was angry _____ he heard when happened.
11 Walk quickly _____ you will be late.
12 He had to retire _____ of ill health.
13 We will go swimming next Sunday _____ it's raining.
14 I heard a noise _____ I turned the light on.
15 Would you like a coffee _____ tea?
16 Do you know _____ she will arrive?
17 _____ the car is old it still runs well.
18 Do you want a pen _____ a bit of paper?
20 She will die _____ the doctors operate immediately.
C. What’s the answer?
1. Do you think this is something ___ can be successful?a. whob. thatc. X (the conjunction can be omitted)
2. Don't go out ___ you've combed your hair.a. asb. whilec. until
3. Make sure you close all the windows ___ it starts to rain.a. afterb. beforec. for
4. I think I know ___ he failed the FCE exam.a. whyb. untilc. where
5. ___ I had known how much I would disappoint him, I woudn't have done it.a. Whetherb. Whenc. If
6. ___ it starts to rain, come inside.a. As soon asb. Whilec. Whether
7. My friend Racim, ___ lives in Canada, has an Algerian passport.a. whoseb. whoc. that
8. It's usually quite simple to cross the border between the Switzerland and Germany ___ these two countries have friendly relations.a. yetb. andc. because
9. ___ a university professor returns from a sabbatical leave, he should be better qualified.a. Untilb. Whenc. Even though
10. She's ___ a stupid woman ___ nobody likes to be with her.a. such...thatb. such...asc. so...that
D. Combine the sentences using the conjunction given in brackets. Do not change the order of the sentences. Pay attention to the punctuation. They got married. They had to learn to manage their own home. (after)He went crazy. His wife burnt his breakfast. (when)
1.[2.] You can hear what I'm saying. You keep quiet. (if)
2.[3.] I won't invite my classmates to a party. I know them well. (until)
3.[4.] He arrived home. I had already cleaned the house. (by the time)
4.[5.] The first exercise was easy. This one is extremely difficult. (whereas)
5.[6.] She's snobbish. People like her. (yet)
6.[7.] We're broke. We can't buy anything. (since)
7.[8.] He failed. He won't give up his ideals. (even though)
8.[9.] He fell asleep. He was watching the film. (while)
E. Find the correct answer
1 You can come to the meeting ______ you don't say anything.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
2 I'm not leaving ______ I get an apology from you.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
3 I came her ______ you could give me an explanation.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
4 Bob is very tall ______ Bill is very short.so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
5 You look ______ you've seen a ghost.so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
6 I refuse to pay anything ______ you do the work properly.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
7 I'm going shopping for food this evening ______ I don't have to go at the weekend.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
8 You look ______ you haven't eaten for a week.
so thatas long aswhile
untilas if
9 I came early ______ I could talk to you privately.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
10 ______ I don't think she's perfect for the job, she's certainly better qualified than Steve.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
11 I don't mind if you go out for lunch ______ you're back for the meeting at two.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
12 Are you OK? You look ______ you have a problem.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
13 ______ the job is very interesting, it's also very badly paid.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
14 We'll go to the mountains on Saturday ______ it doesn't rain.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
15 The winters here are very cold ______ the summers are very hot.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
16 You can write the report when you want ______ it's ready by the end of the month.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
17 It looks ______ the government has got a lot of problems.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
18 I want Mary to be in charge ______ I get back from holiday.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
19 ______ I don't approve of what you did, I'm not going to punish you for it.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
20 I'm learning English ______ I can get a better job.
so thatas long aswhileuntilas if
9.[10.] REVIEW EXERCISESA – PRACTICE 1I. Fill in the blanks with the right tense of the verb in brackets: (hurt) He ………… himself badly last week.
1.[2.] (tell) I ………… you about it tonight.2.[3.] (meet) We ……… just ……… him.3.[4.] (play) He ……………… the piano now.4.[5.] (play) He ………………. the piano at this time yesterday.5.[6.] (stay up) They …………. late every evening. 6.[7.] (work) They ………….. .very hard next year.7.[8.] (get up) She ………….. early every day.8.[9.] (see) I …………….. a good film two days ago.9.[10.] (rain) It…………….. now.
II. Put down the other two forms (the past tense and the past participle) of the following verbs:
1. to be ………… …… ………………..
2. to have …………… … ……………….
3. to give ……………… ………………
4. to choose ……………… ………………
5. to begin ……………… ………………
6. to say ……………… ………………
7. to see ……………… ………………
8. to become ……………… ………………
9. to make ……………… ………………
10. to do ……………… ………………
11. to take ……………… ………………
12. to know ……………… ………………
13. to lose …………… ………………
14. to forget …………… ………………
15. to eat …………… ………………
III. Choose the right word:
1. How many ……………………… have you got lately?
a. pieces of information b. information c. informations
2. The news we have just received ……………….. not very good.
a. were b. is c. are
3. I need to be ………… not to mention anything about his recent resignation.
a. remembered b. reminded c. said
4. The cheaper the price, the …………… the quality.
a. bad b. worse c. worst
5. If I had had more many, I ……………… a trip to France.
a. would have made b. would make c. would have make
6. I would visit you if I ………more spare time.
a. have b. had c. would have
7. If I ……… you again, I will bring you a bunch of flowers.
a. will see b. see c. saw
8. ……… brought you this present?
a. Who b. Whose c. Which
9. This is the … ……. region on earth .
a. dryest b. driest c. dryer
10. These……………… turned everybody upside down.
a. phenomenon b. phenomena c. phenomenons
11. For ………… information consult the director of the company.
a. further b. farther
12. ……… crises brought about a lot of problems.
a. this b. these
13. He published his …………book last year and this year he’s about to publish a new one.
a. last b. latest
14. John and George traveled abroad. The ……… went to Spain and the latter to Japan.
a. former b. first
15. ………does this every day.
a. he b. we c. I
B – PRACTICE 2
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the Present Perfect tense:
1. He never (visit) the British Museum .
2. Sheila (enjoy) her visit in New York this year.
3. They (not hear) from Billy recently.
4. The film (already / finish).
5. The speakers (not refer) to that document yet.
6. He (take) the entrance examination at the Polytechnic Institute recently.
7. The engine of the car (just / break) down .
8. It seems that her mind (break) down from overwork.
9. He (never / be) to Italy.
10.Tom (do) many interesting things so far.
II. Rewrite the sentences as indicated :
e.g. She has never been at the Zoo before.
It’s the first time she has been at the Zoo.
1. They have never been to Greece.
2. She has never driven a car before.
3. I have never played computer games.
4. My brother has broken his leg twice.
5. She has flown by plane twice.
6. They have told her twice not to do that.
7. We have never eaten Yorkshire pudding.
8. Susan has never played badminton before.
9. My brother has never worn blue jeans.
10.I’ve never seen such a bad TV programme before.
III. Put in for or since :
1. ...... November
2. ...... five years
3. ...... Easter
4. ...... three o’clock
5. ...... Monday
6. ...... she left university
7. ...... thirty minutes
8. ...... a long time
9. ...... 1992
10. ......she telephoned
11. ......they arrived home
12. ......ages
IV. Make a new sentence as shown :
e.g. I’ve never been given such nice flowers
They’re the nicest flowers I have ever been given.
1. He has never travelled by plane before. It’s ...
2. It’s two years since we last met. We ...
3. We got married ten years ago. We ...
4. It’s a long time since Grannie visited us. Grannie ...
5. It’s weeks since I last went to the public library. We ...
6. Our friends have never had a birthday party before. It’s ...
7. I have never met such an enthusiastic person. She ...
8.She hasn’t won a beauty contest before.
9. He has never read such an interesting review.
10.They have never felt so tired before.
V. Read the text below and decide which word or phrase below best fits each space. Circle the letter of option you choose. The exercise begins with an example (0).
Adrian is a senior in high school in Miami, Florida. His family ... (0) B... to the United States recently... His family ... (1) ... always to make it in the United States. They ... (2) ... in low income neighbourhoods which are made up of African- Americans and Latinos. There are many gangs in the neighbourhood; in fact, almost everyone is in a gang of some sort. Adrian ... (3) ... rather quiet lately and ... (4) ... to play his cello for hours. His dream ... (5) ... always to become a classical musician one day.
Every day at school, he feels presure to join a gang. Sometimes guys surround him . He never ... (6) ... American. He ... (7) ... the food and long talks he ... (8) ... with his friends. It seems that he really ... (9) ... any close friends here .
0. A have come B has come C had come
1. A have struggled B have been struggling C has struggled
2. A has lived B has been living C have lived
3. A have been B was C has been
4. A enjoyed B has enjoyed C have enjoyed
5. A was B will be C has been
6. A feel B felt C has felt
7. A missed B misses C has missed
8. A has had B had C have had
9. A didn’t make B hasn’t made C hadn’t made
VI. Identify the grammar and spelling errors in the following text and correct them :Because we had entered the age of sophisticated and inovative computer technology, we had began to witness a
new genre of crime which were unknown just two decades ago : computer crime. This type of crime can be defining loosely as unauthorized access, use, change or taking of another’s computer system or files.
Quite often high school or college students intentionally has tried to break into a computer system in order to gain access to classified or confidentiel files. Corporate and government computer systems are the most popular and challenging targets for these computer “hackers”. The number of “hackers” has increased recently.They have been often releasing the public information to the public or has tried to alter or destroy a file. Occasionally, a hacker try to embezzle or steal money.
VII. Circle the right verb tense :1. Have / has they watered the plants yet ?2. Did he collect / has he collected his plane ticket yet ?3. Susan lost / has lost her purse this morning .4. She didn’t see / hasn’t seen herrelatives recently.5. Jane didn’t have / hasn’t ever had a quarrel with her boyfriend.6. They did have / have always done their work properly.7. George is eaten / has already eaten two slices of cake.8. Mother has drunk / had already drunk three cups of coffee.9. The car has broken / had broken twice this week. 10.John was / has been late for work three times this month.
VIII. Put a √ or correct the sentences :
1. Mark drove to Bristol last month to visit his brother. ......2. I have known an old woman once who had ten cats. ......3.Susan Sullivan already did four TV interviews about her new exhibition. ......4. John felt hungry. Then he has remembered the cheese in the fridge. ......5. We have had enormous problems with our dog recently. ......6. I have talked to my German teacher yesterday about the term paper. ......7. They still live in the same cottage they have bought twenty years ago. ...... 8. You have not explainde clearly what you want me to do. ......9. We lived in Paris for three years now and I like it a lot. ......10. There were three burglaries in our street so far. ......
TOEFL EXERCISES
A. Four words or phrases, labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4, are given below the conversation. Choose the word or phrase that will correctly complete the conversation . 1. What year did you _____ university?graduategraduate fromgraduatinggraduating from2. It seems to be getting worse. You had better _____ a specialist.consult consult toconsult with consult by 3. Chicago is a large city, _____?aren't itdoesn't itwon't itisn't it4. Don't leave your books near the open fire. They might easily _____.
catch to firecatch the firecatch on firecatch with fire5. Do you enjoy _____?to swimswimmingswimto swimming6. I have trouble _____.to remember my passwordto remembering my passwordremember my passwordremembering my password7. Do you have _____ to do today? We could have a long lunch if not.many workmuch workmany worksmuch works8. My brother will _____ for a few nights.
provide us upprovide us input us upput us in9. When will the meeting _____?hold onhold placetake ontake place10. The board meeting was held _____.at Tuesdayon Tuesdaywith Tuesdayin Tuesday11. Why don't you _____ us?go to the house party withgo together the house party withgo the house party withtogether the house party with12. That awful accident occurred _____.before three weeksthree weeks beforethree weeks agothree weeks past13. They didn't _____ John's plan?agree withagree toagreeagree about14. The social worker _____ the two old sisters who were ill.called to the house ofcalled on the house ofcalled tocalled on15. Tomorrow is Paul's birthday. Let's _____ it.celebratepraisehonorcongratulate16. If you don't understand the text, don't hesitate _____.ask a questionasking a questionto ask a questionto asking a question17. It's snowing. Would you like to _____ on Saturday or Sunday?skiinggo to skigo skiinggo ski18. Our company didn't pay _____ for that banner advertisement.much fundsmany fundsmany moneymuch money19. Do you feel like _____ now?swimmingto swimswimto go swimming20. Tom was thrilled to be _____ such a beautiful and interesting lady.introducedintroduced atintroduced withintroduced to
21. "What happened to them last night? They look depressed" "I don't think _____ happened."nothingeverythingsomethinganything22. "It is not very cold. I don't think we need these big jackets." "I don't think so, _____."anywayneithereithertoo23. "Bill is not doing well in class." "You must _____, that he is just a beginner at this level."keep mindingkeep to mindkeep in mindkeeping in mind24. "Excuse me. Do you know where the bus terminal is?" "It is _____ the large police station."opposite ofopposed toopposite withopposite to25. "Those students will perform the annual school play." "Yes, it is _____ for next week."duescheduledtime-tabledput onB. Four words or phrases, labelled 1, 2, 3, and 4, are given below the conversation. Choose the word or phrase that will correctly complete the conversation1. "You are welcome to order the goods now.""But payment should be made _____." for advanceadvancingin advanceto advance2. "Where do you live now?""I live in Utah; my _____." parents too doparents doparents do, tooparents also do3. I cannot understand my neighbour's accent. I wish she would _____. speak clearerclearer speakmore clearly speakspeak more clearly4. "Why are you driving so fast?""I'm _____." must be hurry in hurryin a hurryhurrying5. I have your music CD. I think I _____ your concert video.also havehave tootoo havehave further
6. I hear you have started a new job. _____ like it?How do youHowWhat youWhat do you7. I really have to go now. I have _____ the doctor.appointments toan appointment toappointment withan appointment with8. I can meet you at Central Station. Will _____? convenient for youthat convenientthat be convenientyou be convenient9. I don't have any results for you today. I _____ tomorrow.have anymay have anyhave somemay have some10. I would rather _____ a quiet cup of coffee in the office than sit in a noisy cafe.haveto havepreferprefer to have11. "Where _____ last weekend?""I went to see my aunt and uncle."are you godo you gohave you wentdid you go12. I was very surprised _____ that she didn't pass the exam." hearingto hearingat hearingto hear13. "Why _____ she isn't speaking to us?""We must have done something that upset her. She is just too sensitive."are you thinkare you imaginedo you thinkyou think14. I hope that this winter won't be _____ last."as cold asso cold asas cold likeso cold like15. Sorry to be late. I was delayed by _____."a heavy trafficheavy trafficsome heavy traffictraffic being heavy16. The sky is getting dark. It _____ rain is on its way.lookslooks likeseems towill be17. Would you do me a small favour? I _____ very much.appreciate itwould appreciatewould be appreciative
would appreciate it18. I am familiar with that product. I don't know _____ times I've seen it advertised on TV.how manyhow oftenhow muchmany often19. "When _____ leaving for Toronto, Canada?""We are planning to set out at 10 o'clock."are we will wewill usare us20. I asked Robert when he could fix my leaking tap. He said that he would come round and fix it _____.as much as possibleas possible as he couldas fast as he could possiblyas soon as possible21. "Do you know _____ that building is?""I would say that it was built at least 100 years ago."oldhow agehow oldwhich age22. The man told us that the next train would arrive _____.at three thirtyat three thirty o'clockin three thirtyin three thirty o'clock23. "How _____ a crowd had gathered at the scene of the accident?""I don't know exactly, but there were a lot of shocked onlookers." largeoftenmanymuch24. That is the city _____ worst crime record.on thein thewith thefor the25. "Where should I put this key?""You can _____ it on the shelf?"hangdepositsitput
A. TOEL Practice Test - Structure Exercise
Main Subject1. It is said he was a man, _________ to have the vision of an eagle and courage of a lion. (A) who appeared(B) he appeared(C) that appears(D) and appears2. Before Johnson & Smith reached great heights in the business world, ______ encountered many great difficulties in promoting their theories and methods. A. they
B. whoC. whichD. and3. After the discovery of the abandoned getaway vehicle, ________ believed to be hiding in the nearby Riverside forest region. A. that the bank robber isB. the bank robber whoC. the bank robber isD. the bank robber who is4. A gifted scientist, Newton _______ some of the most fundamental laws in the history of science. A. keeps discoveringB. who discoveredC. the discoverer ofD. discovered5. George Washington once said that _______ have virtue enough to withstand the highest bidder. A. few menB. the few menC. few are the menD. the men are fewAdverb Clauses1. __________ getting the highest result in the class, John still had problems with the teacher. (A) Despite of(B) In spite of(C) Even though(D) Nonetheless2. _______ air is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen and only about 21 percent oxygen, is a little known fact on the streets. A. How thatB. ThatC. WhenD. However3. _______ he was seen to be an aggressive politician, he was a quiet and loving family man at home. A. AlthoughB. DespiteC. In spite ofD. Nevertheless4. _______ the variable drops by a unit of 1, the rank drops by X amount.A. WhyB. WheneverC. HowD. What5. This method is widely used _______ algorithm is not only effective but also very simple. A. because itsB. because C. it is becauseD. because of itsAdjective Clauses1. This new service will be available to all users _______ up for paid membership. A. that signedB. that signed itC. which signedD. sign2. That is a story of hardship _______ our own situation into perspective. A. putsB. it puts C. that it puts
D. that puts3. John Smith, _______ of economic crimes, tax evasion and fraud, is being accused of attempted murder now.A. of that he was accusedB. that was accusedC. whom he was accusedD. who was accused4. The process uses an innovative digital technology __________ the products with as many colors as the image contains.(A) imprints (B) that imprints it(C) that imprints(D) that it imprints5. The police were greatly outnumbered by rioters, _______ ran into the hundreds.A. whose figuresB. those figuresC. that its figuresD. its figures that
D. Word Order 21. I think Jane deserved to be fired for her __________ . (A) totally behavior irresponsible (B) behavior totally irresponsible (C) irresponsible totally behavior(D) totally irresponsible behavior 2. _______ appeared to be coming from the science lab next door. A. The pungent unpleasant odor of burning plasticB. The unpleasant pungent odor of burning plasticC. The pungent unpleasant odor of plastic burning D. The unpleasant odor pungent of burning plastic3. One of Jane's favorite subjects in school is drama because _______ lots of fun and enjoys being part of it all. A. has really sheB. she really hasC. she really isD. is she really 4. Only after they had completed the analysis to that degree _______ how to apply technology to the needs of our enterprise. A. did they ask to begin B. did they begin to askC. they did begin to askD. to ask did they begin 5. The archaeologists were astonished to find such _______ at that particular site. A. an incredibly rare beautiful artifactB. a rare incredibly beautiful artifactC. a beautiful artifact incredibly rare D. an incredibly beautiful rare artifactNoun Clauses 1. We don't know __________ taught us noun clauses before. (A) if the teacher has(B) the teacher has(C) the teacher hasn't(D) whether teacher 2. The teacher didn't know _______ . A. which noun clauses teachB. which noun clauses to teachC. why noun clauses to teachD. when noun clauses to teach3. Can you please tell me ________ ? A. what time the next bus arrives
B. what time arrives the next busC. when arrives the next busD. when arrives the bus4. The judges had an extremely hard time deciding _______ . A. who's painting was the bestB. whose painting was the bestC. painting who was the bestD. the best painting was who5. _______ is a mystery. I wish that I could ask him. A. How did itB. What he did it C. How he did itD. When did itMain Verb Exercise1. There is a law in France, which says that only the family has the right to decide what _______ or not known about the health of a patient.” A. must be knownB. must have knownC. must have been knownD. must have been being known2. A top US disease expert said this week that killer virus "Bird Flu" was the world’s number one health threat and should _______ .A. be took seriousB. be took seriouslyC. be taken seriousD. be taken seriously3. After much criticism, the politician _______ his controversial statement of the previous day. A. quickly retractedB. quickly retracted toC. quickly was retracted D. quickly has retracted4. The vague and misleading instructions _______ in two entirely opposite ways. A. could been interpretedB. could be interpretC. could easily be interpretedD. could easily interpreted5. The beginning of the Symbolist movement in art __________ having begun in the late 1880's.(A) is regarded as(B) is regarded (C) is regarding(D) regarded as
E. Word Order : 1. _________ explores the nature of guilt and responsibility and builds to a remarkable conclusion. A. The written beautifully novelB. The beautifully written novelC. The novel beautifully written D. The written novel beautifully2. Over time the young students will perfect the art of piano playing. After all, such ________ needs delicate handling. A. a tuned instrument finelyB. an instrument tuned finelyC. a finely instrument tunedD. a finely tuned instrument3. Honore de Balzac said "The errors of ________, from their faith in the good, or their confidence in the true". A. women spring, almost always
B. almost always, women springC. almost women, always springD. almost spring, always women4. In that particular department of the company, production __________ day and night. (A) going often keeps(B) keeps often going(C) keeps going often (D) often keeps going5. The tenants were asked to throw all recyclable trash into __________. A. the green big plastic bagB. the big plastic green bagC. the big green plastic bagD. the green plastic big bagVerb Forms1. The causes of gamma-ray bursts throughout the universe, and how the gamma rays are actually produced, ________ until recently remained a mystery. A. haveB. have beenC. has beenD. has 2. That the legal drinking age ________ lowered is a hot topic for debate in many states. A. should haveB. which shouldC. should beD. should 3. Discovery of these ancient anthropic markings ________ our understanding of how these early humans interacted with their environment. A. has broadenedB. have broadenedC. broadenD. will have broadened 4. The rivalry between the two communities stems from ancient times and openly __________ to this day. A. persistB. which persistC. persistsD. which persists5. Despite the simplicity of their construction, the ancient systems ________ exhibit very complicated behavior. A. find to B. found to C. are found toD. were found to The Subject 1. In general, ________ have a professional obligation to protect confidential sources of information.A. which journalists B. journalists C. journalists, theyD. journalists that
2. ________ of Elvis Presley is banned in seven different countries across the world. A. The music isB. That the musicC. The music whichD. The music3. For ________ you who don't know, "Rainbow" was a credible children's TV show from the 70's and 80's. A. those of B. those inC. these ofD. these in4. As was the case throughout the United States, __________ was subject to higher gas prices during the winter of 2002-2003. A. for New YorkB. for New York as wellC. New York whichD. New York 5. ________ in history caused as much shock and grief worldwide as the 2004 tsunami disaster in Asia. A. None natural disasterB. That natural disasterC. No natural disasterD. The natural disasterPrepositional Phrases1. Surprisingly cost was regarded __________ important factor in choosing a new cell phone by the three teenagers.A as the leastB of the leastC in the leastD to the least2. Maine's coastline is a major attraction and a vista of sandy beaches contrasted ________ rockbound shoreline. A to the ruggedB by the rugged C on the ruggedD at the rugged 3. John knows that he had better ________ his algebra skills before the mid-term exam. A. brush up onB. brush on up C. brushing up onD. brushing on up4. The pressure ________ was intense after his team lost five basketball games in a row. A. under the coachB. over the coachC. of the coachD. on the coach5. In __________, the team has begun to show some form again and has won some big games.(A) few weeks(B) few past weeks (C) the past few weeks(D) a few weeks since
REVISION 2I. Read the text:
British director Danny Boyle's latest film Slumdog Millionaire is an acclaimed feelgood film set in the slums of Mumbai, India. Slumdog Millionaire tells the rags-to-riches story of an 18-year-old orphan called Jamal who works as a tea boy in a call centre.
Jamal Malik is a contestant on the Indian version of the popular TV show Who Wants to Be A Millionaire. He is one question away from winning a 20 million rupee fortune, but the jealous host suspects him of cheating and calls in the police. They find it hard to believe that a poor, uneducated boy from the slums could know the answers to such difficult questions. Jamal is arrested and taken to the police station to be interrogated. As the story of Jamal's life unfolds through flashbacks, we learn about his background and discover how he came to know the answers.
At the heart of the film there is also a touching love story between Jamal and Latika, the woman he has loved since childhood and who he is now desperately searching for.
The screenplay for Slumdog Millionaire was written by Simon Beaufoy who adapted it from the novel Q & A, by Indian author Vikas Swarup. Simon Beaufoy also wrote the script for the popular and very successful British comedy film The Full Monty.
Slumdog Millionaire premiered in the UK and Mumbai in January 2009. Although the film was made on a shoestring budget of £10 million, ticket sales for the film have been remarkable. According to some estimates, the film made over £100 million worldwide in the run up to the 2009 American Academy Awards. The film was nominated for 10 Academy Awards in total and picked up eight Oscars on the night, including Best Film and Best Director.
a. Answer the following questions:
1. Which novel is Slumdog Millionaire based on?
2. Where does the story take place?
3. How much did it cost to make?
4. Who directed Slumdog Millionaire?
5. At the start of the film what is Jamal Malik’s job?
6. How many Oscars did Slumdog Millionaire win?
b. True or False:
1. Simon Beaufoy directed The Full Monty.
2. Slumdog Millionaire is a big-budget film.
3. Slumdog Millionaire went straight to video.
4. Slumdog Millionaire is a Bollywood film.
c. Translate the text into Romanian.
II. Complete the sentences with the definite article ( THE) where necessary: e.g. They come from …the … USA.
In ……….Britain children start ………. school when they are four or five. She’s going by …….. plane. ………….flight takes seven hours. Do you take ……… milk in …… tea?
III. Complete with the past simple or the present perfect simple tense of the verbs : e.g. My friens …have just arrived… ( just / arrive).
He ……………………………………….( never / ride ) a horse. They …………………………………….( go ) to Paris on holiday last year. I …………………………………………( not see ) Tony yesterday at college. I …………………………………………( not drink ) coffee for a long time.
IV. Complete the sentences with the following particles after the verb get or go. Some particles may be used more than once:
* away *down *over *through *back *on
The prisoners tried to get ……………………… in a boat. I’ve always got ………………… well with my sister. The children want to go ………………. their song before they sing it for their parents. Go …………………..! I don’t want to see you again! I tried to phone you last night but I couldn’t get………………………….. . The temperature went ………………….. ten degrees last week. It was freezing cold. We decided to go ……………… because it started to rain. She’s still trying to get ……………. her father’s death.
TRANSLATION EXERCISES
Part 1
The Noun. Translate into English paying attention to the genitive case:
1. Strazile orasului nostru sunt largi. 2. Culoarea usilor de la garaj este pre inchisa. 3. Cuierul se afla in holul casei. 4. Aprobarea comisiei pentru infiintarea clubului a fost primita cu entuziasm. 5. Salariile acestor muncitori au crescut
considerabil. 6. Laboratoarele acestui institut sunt bine ingrijite. 7. Dragostea copiilor ei este cea mai buna recompensa pentru toate sacrificiile facute. 8. Am facut o plimbare de 20 de minute inaintre de a ne culca.
The article:
1. Nu era deloc vânt și căldura zilei era apăsătoare. 2. Cuvântarea sa la întrunire a avut un mare succes. 3. Merii din livada aceasta sunt plini de fructe. 4. Laptele este lichid; gheața este solidă. 5. Hârtia acestei cărți este foarte subțire. 6. Lumânările se fac din ceară. 7. Capitala Poloniei este Varșovia. 8. Ce casă drăguța s-a construit în colțul acesta! 9. Mulțumesc, totdeauna mi-ai dat sfaturi bune. 10. Am avut noorocul să găsesc stiloul pe care-l pierdusem. 11. Nu e ușor să mergi cinci kilometri pe vreme ploioasă. 12. Luați medicamentele acestea de trei ori pe zi: dimineața după micul dejun, la prânz în timpul mesei și seara la culcare. 13. Spune-mi adevărul: ai folosit foarfecele ca să tai hârtie? 14. Ce face Dan? Plantează trandafiri în grădină.
The adjective1:
1. Casa aceasta este prea mare ca să fie confortabilă. 2. Îi plac foarte mult romanele istorice. 3. La munte sunt mulți oameni care trăiesc în case de lemn. 4. Ia cartea aceasta. e interesantă și se citește ușor. 5. Îmi pare rău, dar nu pot să merg pe un drum atât de plin de praf. 6. George face progrese mari în studiul limbii franceze. 7. Ferestrele camerei surorii mele nu sunt mari, dar camera e însorită. 8. Unde sunt locurile noastre? Nu văd pe întuneric. 9. Ai vreo carte amuzantă la tine? nu, n-am nicio carte; în vacanță nu citesc decât reviste și ziare. 10. Dă-mi te rog puțină apă, vreau să iau niște medicamente. Nu vrei ceai? Nu, nu vreau ceai. Așteaptă puțin, că nu am apă; mă duc să aduc.
The adjective 2:
1. Fratele meu mai mare a făcut un zmeu mai puțin complicat decât fratele tău. 2. În septembrie zilele nu sunt așa scurte ca în decembrie. 3. În iunie e cald, dar în iulie e caniculă. 4. A făcut un pas înainte în cercetările sale. Ultima informație pe care o am e că se apropie de sfârșitul lor. 5. Ce este mai riscant: să te joci cu focul sau să traversezi marea într-o barcă? 6. Strada este cea mai puțin zgomotoasă din cartier. 7. Parte aproastă este că nu-l pot găsi nicăieri, nici acasă, nici la slujbă. 8. Ce are Martin? Are o răceală ușoară. 9. Obișnuiești să te culci devreme? 10. Te interesează pictura? 11. Un bloc este mult mai mare decât o vilă. 12. Apele Olteniei sunt mult mai leneșe decât apele Moldovei. 13. Care capitală europeană are cei mai mulți locuitori? 14. Elefantul este cu mult mai mare decât leul, dar mult mai puțin sălbatic. 15. El emult mai interesat de munca lui de când a reușit în ultima experiență. 16. Cele mai plăcute evenimente vin pe neașteptate. 17. Se socotea cel mai fericit om din lume când s-a căsătorit cu ea. 18. Străzile satului nostru sunt mai înguste decât străzile orașului tău. Îmi închipui că străzile caitalei sunt mai largi decât cele din orașul tău. 19. Razele ultraviolete ale soarelui sunt foarte puternice la prânz și foarte slabe dis-de-dimineață și după-amiază târziu. 20. N-am văzut niciodată un om mai grăbit.
The pronoun:
1. De obicei nu spune cu cine se întâlnește. 2. De la cine a cumpărat mama mașina? 3. Cui a vrut să-i plătească Ana? 4. Mi-a spus cui a dat-o? 5. Niciunul dintre noi nu avea idee a cui este vina. 6. Trebuie să cumpărați magnetofon sau puteți închiria unul? Nu trebuie să închiriem; îl avem pe al nostru. 7. A zis ceva nepoliticos? 8. Pot să vă ajut cu ceva? 9. Scuzați-mă, doamnă, vreți să-mi faceți un serviciu? 10. Totul e gata, putem porni. 11. Oricine îți poate da un asemenea sfat. 12. Le era teamă tuturor că vom întârzia. 13. Toți știu că fumatul este dăunător. 14.
Nimeni nu a auzit nimic despre el. 15. Nu putem distinge nimic în întuneric; vedem ceva mai întunecat decât restul, dar poate fi orice: un cal, o mașină, un animal sălbatic. 16. Tot ce mi-a spus m-a impresionat profund. 17. Ia-le pe amândouă; sunt la fel de frumoase și utile. 18. Știm ce a pierdut: ceasul. 19. Se presupune că cei care aparțin cercului nostru științific îl frecventează regulat. 20. L-am auzit povestind lucruri minunate după primul său zbor. 21. Citeam lângă fereastră când am sințit că cineva pune mâna pe umărul meu. Era sora mea pe care nu o auzisem intrând în cameră. Mi-a cerut să-i dau un roman. 22. Bibliografia pe care mi-a reomnadat-o m-a ajutat mult să-mi fac singură lucrarea, fără sprijinul nimănui. 23. Mi-a cerut niște plicuri, dar n-am avut niciunul. Eu însămi trebuie să cumpăr câteva. 24. “Cine e?” „Eu. Ți-am adus ceea ce m-ai rugat.” „E același volum pe care mi l-ai dat săptămâna trecută, eu te-am rugat să mi-l aduci pe următorul, ai uitat?” „Iartă-mă, am uitat pe care mi l-ai cerut. Mă întorc îndată cu celălalt.”25. E aceeași persoană pe care am întâlnit-o ieri. 26. Oricine va vizita aceste locuri le va recunoaște frumusețea. 27. Regretăm cu toții timpul fericit al studenției noastre.
The adverb:
1. Lemnul uscat arde ușor. 2. Am mers cu mașina încet spre stânca aceea mare și neagră. 3. Bob vorbi supărat, dar vocea sa furioasă nu ne-a schimbat hotărârea. 4. Am rezolvat problema ușor, pentru că era o problemă ușoară. 5. Dick a sărit peste gard mai ușor decât prietenul său Ralph. 6. Mary dansează cu mult mai grațios decât sora ei. 7. Care dintre băieți a putu arunca piatra cel mai departe? 8. Cu grijă, copilașul, încercă să facă primul său pas. 9. Rosti aceste vorbe ceva mai puțin supărat, dar cu hotărâre. 10. Bob aruncase mingea prea departe. 11. În cele din urmă păsările s-au mai liniștit. 12. Își scoase haina și pantofii uzi. 13. Înmânează această carte lui Susan, te rog. 14. Ar putea să lucreze mult mai mult, dacă ar vrea. 15. E rareori acasă dimineața. 16. Înainte de prânz am dormit liniștit în marele fotoliu din sufragerie timp de o jumătate de oră. 17. A fost aproape omorâtă când a fost călcată de mașina aceea mare. 18. Sigur te-ai hotărât unde vrei să mergi?
The preposition:
1. Bătrânul Tom și-a împărțit ferma la cei doi fii ai săi. 2. Toarnă laptele în pahare! 3. El are un radio mare în cameră. 4. “Du-te în casă dacă mama e acasă.” ”Nu a venit acasă. S-a dus la magazin.” 5. Se duce la munte cu prietenul său. 6. Mășina dădu colțul repede. 7. Tata o să ne ia duminică la mare. 8. Ai ce să citești în tren?
Part 2Translate into English:
Bună, numele meu este Maria și am câștigat recent de 2 milioane de euro. Eu am început să mă adaptez, dar familia mea este foarte îngrijorată. Ei cred că este imoral ca o singură persoană să câștige o sumă atât de mare. Acum de când am primit banii, viața mea s-a schimbat mult. Ce e foarte rău e că mă simt amenințată de oamenii care îmi cer ajutorul. Eu am primit telefoane de amenințare sau scrisori în care mi se cerea să ajut oameni săraci, să donez la firme de binefacere sau chiar familia mea, verișori, mătuși, unchi, îmi crează probleme.
Translate into English the following sentences:
a) A fost o seară uimitoare, am văzut cel mai frumos film.b) Sfârşitul filmului a fost ȋnfricoşător.c) Sunt ȋngrijorată pentru el, a citit mesajul meu si a plans.d) Sunt asa de entuziasmată, maine mergem la munte pentru 3 zile.e) Tatăl meu este şocat in ceea ce priveşte comportamentul vecinului nostru.
Translate the text:
It was a lucky break that made Charlotte famous. She had auditioned many times for singing parts in theatre musicals and had almost given up hope, when she appeared on a talent show on TV. She sang just four lines of sacred music. An executive from Sony Music UK saw her, was excited by her voice and offered her a contract. In the following two years, her career rocked.
In the history of show business, there are many examples of young people with talent – in music, film, or on the stage – who have not lived up to their early promise. But when you hear Charlotte sing, you get the feeling her name will soon be known to every serious music lover in the world.
IV. Put the verbs into passive voice and translate the senteces into Romanian:
1. Hundreds of trees…………………………………(plant) every year. (present)2. The injured people……………………………….(take) to the hospital. (past)3. Coffee…………………………(grow) in Brazil. (present)4. The book…………………………….(write) by a famous journalist. (past)5. Our train ……………………………(cancel) (past)6. The basketball team……………………..(choose) by the captain. (present)
MODAL VERBSVerbele modale exprimă atitudinea vorbitorului faţă de enunţ, acţiunea din cadrul acestuia fiind văzută ca posibilă, probabilă, necesară, obligatorie, de dorit etc.: It might rain later. S-a putea să plouă mai târziu. You must meet him at the station. Trebuie să-l aştepţi la gară.
Din punct de vedere al caracteristicilor formale, verbele modale englezeşti se împart în:
1) verbe noţionale exprimând modalitatea (want, wish, order, oblige, advise, intend, mean, prefer, etc.) care se comportă ca celelalte verbe noţionale: He wants to see the play. Vrea să vadă piesa. Don’t oblige him to do this. Nu-l obliga să facă asta.
2) verbe modale defective (Defective Modal Verbs) (can/could, may/might, must, have to, shall/should, will/would, ought to, be to, used to, need, dare), care exprimă de asemenea modalitatea, dar care din punct de vedere formal, prezintă anumite caracteristici.
1.20.2. Caracteristicile verbelor modale. Verbele modale au următoarele caracterisitici:
a) sunt defective, adică le lipsesc anumite forme verbale. În consecinţă, nu pot fi conjugate la toate modurile şi timpurile.
b) nu primesc s la persoana a III-a singular (cu excepţia lui be to şi have to): He must see this play. Trebuie să vadă această piesă.
c) formează interogativul şi negativul fără ajutorul auxiliarului do/did (cu excepţia lui have to): Must you do this ? Trebuie să faci asta ? She cannot swim. Nu ştie să înoate, dar: Do you have to type that report ? Trebuie să dactilografiezi raportul ?
d) sunt urmate de infinitivul scurt al verbelor noţionale (cu excepţia lui be to, have to, ought to):
She can cook. Ştie să gătească, dar: He has to get up early every day. Trebuie să se scoale devreme în fiecare zi.
CAN / COULD.
Can este folosit pentru toate persoanele la indicativ prezent.
Could este folosit pentru toate persoanele la Past Tense.Can/could poate exprima:
1) capacitatea (fizică sau intelectuală) de efectuare a unei acţiuni: Tom can speak three foreign languages. Tom ştie trei limbi străine. I could run faster than you last year. Puteam să alerg mai repede decât tine anul trecut.
Can exprimând capacitatea fizică sau intelectuală (ability) este înlocuit de be able to/be capable of/know how to:
2) Can este folosit pentru a exprima permisiunea, ca o alternativă a lui many în exprimarea familiară: A: Can I borrow your umbrella ? B: Of course you can. Pot să iau umbrela ta ? Desigur.
Could este folosit pentru a exprima permisiunea în trecut: On Sundays we could stay in bed until ten o’clock. Duminică aveam voie să stăm în pat până la ora 10.
3) Posibilitatea datorită circumstanţelor se exprimă astfel:
Prezent: You can ski at Predeal now. There is enough snow.
Past Tense: We could ski at Predeal last year. There was enough snow.
Viitor:
It will be possible for you to ski at Predeal, there will be plenty of snow in December.
You will be able to ski at Predeal, there will be plenty of snow in December.
4) Can/could sunt folosite pentru a exprima: o cerere, rugăminte politicoasă: Can you wait a few moments ?
Could este mai politicos decât can.
5) Could + infinitivul perfect este folosit pentru a exprima capacitatea nerealizată de efectuare a unei acţiuni în trecut: She could have helped me. (But she didn’t). Ar fi putut să mă ajute.
6) Can’t/couldn’t + infinitivul prezent al verbului be exprimă o deducţie negativă despre un eveniment prezent: A: I’m hungry. B: You can’t be hungry. You’ve just had your dinner.
Can’t/Couldn’t + infinitivul perfect exprimă o deducţie negativă despre un eveniment trecut: A: Did Ann type the report ?
B: She can’t/couldn’t have typed it. She hasn’t learned to type yet.
MAY/MIGHT.
May este folosit la toate persoanele cu valoare de indicativ prezent şi viitor.
Might este folosit pentru toate persoanele cu valoare de condiţional şi subjonctiv.Might este întrebuinţat cu valoare de Past Tense doar în vorbirea indirectă. “It may rain later”. , he said. He said it might rain later.
May este folosit:
1) pentru a cere (a) sau a acorda (b) permisiunea (mai oficial decât can):
a) May I go ? Pot să plec ?
b) You may go. Poţi să pleci.
2) May/might poate exprima o cerere, o rugăminte politicoasă (may este mai politicos şi oficial decât can/could): May I use your phone ? Îmi daţi voie să dau telefon ?
Folosirea lui might în acest sens indică un grad de nesiguranţă mai mare decât may (cu privire la răspuns): Might I use your phone ? Aş putea să dau un telefon ?
3) May/might + infinitivul prezent exprimă o posibilitate prezentă sau viitoare (în sau după momentul vorbirii):
He may come today. Se poate să vină azi.
He might come tomorrow. S-ar putea să vină mâine.
Might este folosit:
a) pentru a exprima o posibilitate mai îndepărtată (s-ar putea...)
b) după un verb trecut, în vorbirea indirectă: He said he might come.
4) Might mai este folosit:
a) în cereri insistente sau atunci când vorbitorul este iritat de neîndeplinirea unei acţiuni (might + infinitivul prezent): You might give me a copy of that paper. (Please give me a copy. I’m annoyed that you haven’t given me one.)
b) pentru a exprima iritarea, reproşul în legătură cu neefectuarea unei acţiuni trecute (might + infinitivul perfect): You might have told me what had happened. Ai fi putut să-mi spui ce s-a întâmplat.
MUST / HAVE TO / NEED.
Must este folsit la toate persoanele, la indicativul prezent şi viitor.
Have to este folosit ca înlocuitor a lui must exprimând obligaţia, iar need este folosit cu valoare de prezent şi viitor, mai ales în propoziţii negative şi interogative.
Must se foloseşte pentru a exprima:
1) obligaţia: They must stop because the traffic light is red now.
Must exprimând obligaţia poate fi înlocuit de have to sau ‘ve got to.
HAVE TO. Între must şi have to există următoarele diferenţe de sens:
a) Must exprimă o obligaţie impusă de către vorbitor, pe când have to exprimă o obligaţie impusă din exterior: I must go. (It’s my decision). We have to go. (The shop is closing).
b) Must exprimă o obligaţie importantă, urgentă: I must be at the hospotal at two. It’s most important.
Have to exprimă o obligaţie obişnuită, repetată (habitual obligation): I have to be at the hospital at seven o’clock every morning. I begin work ar seven.
Prezent: You must stay in bed for a few days. You’ve got flu. You have to stay in bed when you have flu.
Past Tense: He had to stay in bed last week. He was quite ill.
Viitor: You must stay in bed tomorrow if you don’t feel better. You’ll have to stay in bed when you feel feverish again.
!Lipsa obligativităţii se exprimă cu ajutorul lui needn’t, sau not have to/not need to:
You needn’t come early.
You don’t have to come early.
Forma negativă a lui have to exprimă o obligaţie externă sau repetată, habituală:
We don’t have to get up early Sundays. (We don’t go to schoool on Sundays).
We won’t have to get up early Sundays. (We don’t go to schoool on Sundays).
2) Must poate exprima şi deducţia logică: She must be at home. She left an hour ago.
Deducţia negativă se exprimă cu ajutorul lui cannot/can’t + infinitivul prezent al verbului to be: She left ten minutes ago, she can’t be at home now.
Must + infinitivul perfect exprimă o deducţie logică (în prezent) despre o acţiune trecută: She’s got a ten in her term paper. She must have worked very hard.
SHALL/SHOULD.
Shall este folosit:
1) pentru a exprima obligaţie, în stil oficial - acte, regulamente, etc. la persoana a II-a şi a III-a: The seller shall supply the spare parts in due time.
Vânzătorul va furniza piesele de schimb în timp util.
Vânzătorul este obligat să furnizeze piesele de schimb în timp util.
2) Shall este folosit în propoziţii interogative, la persoana I singular sau plural:
a) pentru a cere un sfat, o sugestie, un ordin: Where shall we put the flowers ? Unde să punem florile ? Shall we go to the cinema tonight ? (Ce spui), mergem la cinema diseară ? What shall I do ? Ce trebuie să fac ?
b) pentru a face o ofertă: Shall I help you ? Să te ajut ?
Should este folosit pentru a exprima:
1) obligaţia, necesitatea logică de înfăptuire a unei acţiuni, de obicei sub formă de sfat de către vorbitor: The book is very interesting. You should read it. Cartea e foarte interesantă. Ar trebui s-o citeşti. He shouldn’t tell lies. N-ar trebui să mintă.
2) o presupunere (indicând un grad de nesiguranţă mai mare decât will): He should be there by now. Ar trebui să fi ajuns acolo deja. He should have left by now. Ar trebui să fi plecat deja.
OUGHT TO. Ought to indică obligaţia sau datoria, de obicei sub formă de sfat dat de către vorbitor (la fel ca should):
A: You ought to finish the book before going on holiday. A: Ar trebui să termini cartea înainte să pleci în vacanţă.
B: I know I should. B: Ştiu c-ar trebui.
Exprimarea unui sfat, a unei recomandări, sugestii, prin ought to/should este mai puţin puternică decât prin must:
You should see a doctor. Ar trebui să te duci la doctor.
You ought to see a doctor. Ar trebui să te duci la doctor.
You must see a doctor. Trebuie să te duci la doctor.
WILL/WOULD.
Will este folosit pentru a exprima:
1) o comandă impersonală (similar cu must, be to): You will come here at once. Vino încoace imediat.
2) insistenţa, hotărârea de a efectua o acţiune: He will study chemistry whatever his father says. Va studia / este decis să studieze chimia, indiferent de părerea tatălui său.
3) o acţiune repetată, un obicei al unei persoane (will “frecventativ”): He will sit on the bench for hours and gaze at the stars. Obişnuieşte să stea ore-n şir pe bancă şi să se uite la stele.
4) o invitaţie, în propoziţii interogative, la persoana a II-a: Will you have another sanwich ? Mai vrei / ia te rog un sandviş.
5) o cerere sau rugăminte (pe un ton politicos, dar mai autoritar decât would): Will you sign the register ? Vă rog să semnaţi în registru.
6) o intenţie spontană, nepremeditată, în momentul vorbirii la persoana I (de obicei contras în ‘ll):
A: I’m thirsty. B: I’ll fetch you a glass of water. A: Mi-e sete. B: Să-ţi aduc un pahar cu apă.
Will devine would sau infinitiv în vorbirea indirectă, în funcţie se sens:
Would este folosit:
1) pentru a exprima o cerere, o rugăminte politicoasă:
Would you do me favour ? Vreţi să-mi faceţi un serviciu ?
Would you do me a favour ? Vă rog să-mi faceţi un serviciu ?
Notă: Would like este de obicei folosit în locul lui want, fiind o formă de exprimare mai politicoasă:
I would like to talk to the manager.
I want to talk to the manager.
Aş dori să vorbesc cu directorul.
Would you like to talk to him now ? Doriţi cu el acum ?
3) Would este folosit şi pentru a exprima probabilitatea: That would be their car. Probabil că aceea este maşina lor. (Ac eeaq trebuie să fie maşina lor).
Atenţie ! Would + rather/sooner + infinitivul scurt este folosit pentru a exprima preferinţa:
I would rather listen to the concert than see the film.
I ‘d sooner listen to the concert than see the film.
Aş prefera să ascult concertul decât să văd filmul.
Substitute
Verb modal Substitut Exemplu
must to have to I must swim. = I have to swim.
must not not to be allowed to I must not swim. = I am not allowed to swim.
can to be able to I can swim. = I am able to swim.
may to be allowed to I may swim. = I am allowed to swim.
need to have to I need to swim. = I have to swim.
need not not to have to I need not swim. = I don't have to swim.
shall / should/ ought to
to be supposed to / to be expected to / to be to
I shall / should / ought to swim. = I am supposed to swim. / I am expected to swim. / I am to swim.
PRACTICE
Choose the correct substitute for each modal verb.
1. We ought to win the race. → We ........................................... win the race. 2. I can swim. → I ....................................................... swim. 3. You must meet my best friend. → You .......................................... meet my best friend. 4. He should be in bed by now. → He ............................................. be in bed by now. 5. I must get up early. → I ............................................. get up early. 6. They may stay up late. → They ................................................... stay up late.
7. She needs to see the doctor. → She ............................................... see the doctor. 8. We need not walk. → We ................................................................ walk. 9. You must not sleep → You .................................................... sleep. 10. Should I go to the cinema with them? → .............................................. go to the cinema with them?
Choose the correct answer for each gap below1. Ted's flight from Amsterdam took more than 11 hours. He be exhausted after such a long flight.2. The book is optional. My professor said we could read it if we needed extra credit. But we read it if we don't want to.3. Susan hear the speaker because the crowd was cheering so loudly.4. The television isn't working. It damaged during the move.5. Kate: hold your breath for more than a minute?Jack: No, I can't.6. You be rich to be a success. Some of the most successful people I know haven't got a penny to their name.7. I've redone this math problem at least twenty times, but my answer is wrong according to the answer key. The answer in the book be wrong!8. You do the job if you didn't speak Japanese fluently.9. You worry so much. It doesn't do you any good. Either you get the job, or you don't. If you don't, just apply for another one. Eventually, you will find work.10. You be kidding! That can't be true.11. You leave the table once you have finished your meal and politely excused yourself.12. Jenny's engagement ring is enormous! It a fortune.13. we move into the living room? It's more comfortable in there and there's a beautiful view of the lake.14. If I had gone white water rafting with my friends, I down the Colorado River right now.15. At first, my boss didn't want to hire Sam. But, because I had previously worked with Sam, I told my boss that he take another look at his resume and reconsider him for the position.16. You take along some cash. The restaurant may not accept credit cards.17. The machine turn on by flipping this switch.18. I can't stand these people – I get out of here. I'm going to take off for awhile while you get rid of them.19. You forget to pay the rent tomorrow. The landlord is very strict about paying on time.20. Do you always have to say the first thing that pops into your head. you think once in a while before you speak?21. Terry and Frank said they would come over right after work, so they be here by 6:00.22. Yesterday, I cram all day for my French final. I didn't get to sleep until after midnight.23. We no longer suffer the injustice of oppression! Freedom shall be ours!24. If I had gone to the University of Miami, I participated in their Spanish immersion program.25. The lamp be broken. Maybe the light bulb just burned out.
Fill in the spaces with the right modal verbs. Example: I ________ speak English very fluently. (key = can)
You _______________ run faster if you weren't so lazy.
2. You _______________ leave the class before 1 o'clock.
3. You _______________ behave well in front of guests. Stop being silly.
4. You look tired. You _______________ have some sleep.
5. You failed in your final test. You ________________ have studied harder.
6. _________________ I borrow your pen?
7. We _______________ watch TV so much.
8. We _________________ not climb those mountains when we were kids.
9. The project ________________ finish in two years time.
10. Stop smoking! You really _______________ not smoke.
11. Sami _______________ lift that heavy table. He is too weak.
12. Muneera _______________ come to the party, but nobody is sure.
13. Laila _________________ not swim when she was one year old.
14. It's too cold. I _______________ close the window.
15. It _______________ rain in the desert sometimes, but you can't depend on it.
16. If I had enough money, I _______________ travel with my friends but now I can't.
17. I ________________ to study well for the exam.
18. I wish I _______________ buy a new car but i do not have any money.
19. I have no time. I _______________ leave now. My parents are waiting for me.
20. He ________________ be friendly, but he is usually unfriendly.
CAN & MUST
Q1 - That's ridiculous- you ____ be joking.
can
must
Q2 - That's the phone- who ____ it be?
can
must
Q3 - They haven't eaten for hours- they ____
be starving.
can
must
Q4 - I'm busy this morning, but I ____ see you
this afternoon if you like.
can
must
Q5 - It ____ be the postman; it's far too early.
can't
mustn't
Q6 - You ____ enter the country without a visa.
can
must
Q7 - They're two hours late- there ___ be
something wrong.
can
must
Q8 - She left two hours ago, so she ____ have
arrived by now.
can
must
Q9 - My doctor says I ____ lose some weight.
can
must
Q10 - ____ you smell something burning?
Can
Must
Choose the right choice:
1. You seem to be having trouble there. _________ I help you?
Would
Will
Shall2. I don't have enough money to buy lunch. __________ you lend me a couple of dollars?
May
Could
Shall3. That ice is dangerously thin now. You ________ go ice-skating today.
mustn't
might not
would mind not to
4. It's way past my bedtime and I'm really tired. I ________ go to bed.
should
ought
could5. He ______________ have committed this crime. He wasn't even in the city that night.
might
shouldn't
couldn't6. John is over two hours late already, He ___________ missed the bus again.
should have
must have
will have
7. I'm really quite lost. _______________ showing me how to get out of here?
Would you mind
Would you be
Must you be8. That bus is usually on time. It _________ to be here any time now.
might
has
ought9. I read about your plane's near disaster. You ____________ terrified!
might have been
must have been
shall have been10. It's the law. They ____________ have a blood test before they get married.
might
could
have to11. Professor Villa, we've finished our work for today. _________ we leave now, please?
May
Can
Must
THE PRONOUN
Personal Pronouns Possessive Adjectives and Pronouns
Reflexive Pronounssubject form
(N)
object form
(D, Ac)
possessive adjective
(G)
possessive pronoun
(G)
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
we us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
I. Personal Pronouns Object
Aaron was on a business trip to California. He shows you the souvenirs he got for his family. Fill in the correct pronouns.
1. My sister Jane loves books. This novel is for (she) her. 2. My children like Disney films. The video is for (they) 3. My brother Matt collects picture postcards. These postcards are for (he) 4. My parents like Latin music. The CD is for (they) 5. I like watches. This nice watch is for (I) 6. My wife and I love sweets. These sweets are for (we) 7. My nephew likes cars. The toy truck is for (he) 8. My neighbour wants to go to California next year. The guide book is for (she) 9. Here is another souvenir. I don't know what to do with (it) 10. You know what? - It's for (you)
II. Fill the gaps with the correct pronouns.
1. Once upon a time there was a girl called Little Red Riding Hood. Together with ...............................mum, .......................... lived in a big forest. 2. One fine day, Little Red Riding Hood’s mother said, “ ........................... grandma is ill. Please go and take
this cake and a bottle of wine to .................................... . Grandma’s house is not too far from ............................ house, but always keep to the path and don’t stop!” 3. So, Little Red Riding Hood made ........................................ way to Grandma’s house. 4. In the forest ...................................... met the big bad wolf. 5. Little Red Riding Hood greeted ............................. and the wolf asked: 6. “Where are ....................................... going, Little Red Riding Hood?” 7. “To ................................. grandma’s house.” answered Little Red Riding Hood. 8. “Can you tell ............................... where ................................. grandma lives?” 9. “ ............................................ lives in a little cottage at the edge of the forest.” 10. “Why don’t .................................. pick some nice flowers for .......................... ?” asked the wolf. 11. “That’s a good idea.” said Little Red Riding Hood and began looking for flowers. Meanwhile, the wolf was on
.......................................... way to grandma’s house. 12. The house was quite small but nice and ..................................... roof was made out of straw.
III. Fill in the gaps with the corresponding pronoun or adjective form:
Sheila is an English girl. ....................... is walking with Peter and talking to ..........................
Ann and James are speaking to ...................... teachers, because ...................... have some questions for ........................
Jack's friends are in classs. These books are .....................................
We have a very light classroom; ............................ classroom is on the second floor.
Claire has two dogs; .................................. dogs like playing very
How old are .......................................... ? I am 15 years old.
Can I borrow .............................. rubber? Yes, here ................................ are.
That bike over there is .........................................
IV. Fill in the blanks with suitable pronouns.
1. Does _____ (her, she) know that _____ (me, I) was absent?
2. Please tell _____ ( he, him) _____ (I, me) have obtained a degree in Chemistry.
3. I remember that _____ (they, them) bought the fruits from _____ (we, us).
4. Please don't tell ______ (she, her) about _____ (I, me).
5. _____ can swim because _____ has webbed feet.
6. I met Alice yesterday. _____ invited _____ to her house.
7. Jane has a cat; _____ likes to play with _____.
8. When the dog chased John, _____ ran as fast as _____ could.
9. My uncle works in a factory. _____ says _____ is a noisy place.
10. The teacher said to the class, "When _____ finished your work, please pass _____ up to me."
V.
Fill each blank with a suitable Reflexive Pronoun.
1. He rewarded _____ with an ice-cream.
2. They agreed amongst _____ that they would not
tell anyone.
3. I taught _____ to draw.
4. You must explain _____ more clearly.
5. He has a bad temper so he must learn to control _____.
6. We thoroughly enjoyed _____ at the party on Sunday.
7. That monkey is scratching _____.
8. One must defend _____ against bullies.
9. My brother and I bought _____ some apples.
10. She cooks for _____ every day.
VI. Fill in the blanks with ‘which, ‘who', ‘whom' and ‘whose'.
1. The boy, _____ father is a doctor, is my best friend.
2. This is not something _____ we like to do.
3. That man, _____ left leg was amputated, suffers from diabetes.
4. The thief, _____ they caught, was sent to the prison.
5. Our friends, _____ we invited to the party, arrived
rather early.
6. The girl, _____ broke the mirror, was scolded by her mother.
7. That is my uncle, _____ car was stolen.
8. That woman, _____ you saw, was my auntie.
9. Kangaroos, _____ use their pouch to carry their babies, are found in Australia.
10. The policeman, ______ caught the thief, is a very brave man.
REVIEWI. Choose the correct item:1. “You look slimmer.” “Yes, I … 12 kilos.”“Don’t worry. I … you.”
A)have lost B)lost C) will lose D) had lost
A)have helped B) am going to help C) helped D)’ll help
2. “How long have you been working here?”
“… 6 months.”
A)since B)for C)from D)ago
3. “Have you ever been to China?”
“Yes, I … there in 1990.”
A)have gone B) went C) have been going D) have been
4. “What’s wrong with Linda ?”
“She … problems at work lately.”
A)has been having B) will have C) was having D) ‘ll be having
5. I’m taking an umbrella. It … rain.
A) must B) may C) has to D) should
6. … he is nearly eighty, he is still very active.
A) Despite B) However C) Even D) Although
7. Is there … in the office?
A) anywhere B) anybody C) somewhere D) everywhere
8. Paul is … experienced he’ll get the job.
A) such B)so C) much D) too
9. If I … the job, I’ll give a party.
A) will get B)am getting C) am going to get D) get
II. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct past form:
1. Finally the day of our holiday 1.(arrive)………. . We 2.(just/leave) the house when the phone 3. (ring) ……. . I 3.(run) ………… back into the house, but the phone 4.(stop) ……… . by the time I 5. (reach)………. It. When we 6. (arrive) ………. at the airport we 7. (sit) ……….. in the cafeteria. The airline 8. (just/ make) ……………. an announcement. Our flight was delayed for eight hours. We 9.(get up)………. very early and rushed to the airport, all for nothing.
III. Correct the mistakes in the sentences:
1. I am going to work every day.
…………………………………
2. I am agreeing with you.…………………………………
3. I have seen that film yesterday.…………………………………
4. He hasn’t been noticing your new haircut.…………………………………………..
5. I read a very good book at the moment.………………………………………..
6. She talked him she was French.………………………………..
IV.Match the sentence halves. Then write complete sentences with WHO,WHICH,IN WHICH or WHERE :
1. I’m looking for a shop. a)They can have a picnic.
2. They’re looking for a grassy area. b) It fits into the palm of his hand.
3. I met a girl last week. c) George Clooney starred in it.
4. He’s got a tiny mobile. d) It sells film posters.
5. She’s writing to the boy. e) She says she knows you.
6. That was the film. f) He was at summer camp with her.
CAN & MUSTI. Rewrite these rules using must/ have to:1. No smoking! ………………………………………………………………………2. Please show your tickets! …………………………………………………………3. Please remove your shoes! ………………………………………………………..4. Women cover their head. …………………………………………………………5. No photography! ………………………………………………………………….
II. What special qualities do you need to have in order to be a dentist/ a waiter (waitress) in a café, a librarian/ a soldier in Iraq/ a hair stylist? Write at least five sentences.
III. Complete the sentences with the correct form of can/ could/ be able to:1. I know your face but I (not) ………………………..….. remember your name.2. He looked for the book but he (not) …………………………….……… find it.3. Sorry, …………..…… you repeat that? I (not)………………...….. hear what you said.4. He was tired but he ………………………..……… stay awake until he got home.5. It was raining so we (not) …………………..……………… go out. 6. They told him where the hotel was but he still (not)………………...………….. find it.7. I used to ………………………. play football quite well. 8. When I am in a stressful situation I …………………………… usually keep calm.9. In the future I ………………….…………… speak English pretty good.10. When I was younger I (not) …………………………………. understand my parents.
REPORTED SPEECH
- follow up - Complete the sentences in reported speech. Note whether the sentence is a request, a statement or
a question.
1. He said, "I like this song."→ He said
2. "Where is your sister?" she asked me.→ She asked me
3. "I don't speak Italian," she said.→ She said
4. "Say hello to Jim," they said.→ They asked me
5. "The film began at seven o'clock," he said.→ He said
6. "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said.→ She told the boys
7. "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.→ She asked him
8. "I never make mistakes," he said.→ He said
9. "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know.→ He wanted to know
10. "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience.→ The stuntman advised the audience
Choose the right answerQ: Tom said, 'I want to visit my friends this weekend.'
Tom said he wants to visit his friends that weekend.
Tom said he wanted to visit his friends that weekend.
Tom said he wanted to visit his friends this weekend.Q: Jerry said, 'I'm studying English a lot at the moment.'
Jerry said he was studying English a lot at that moment.
Jerry said he was studying English a lot at the moment.
Jerry said I was studying English a lot at that momentQ: They said, 'We've lived here for a long time.'
They said they have lived there for a long time.
They said they lived here for a long time.
They said they had lived there for a long time.
Q: He asked me, 'Have you finished reading the newspaper?'
He asked me if had I finished reading the newspaper.
He asked me if I had finished reading the newspaper.
He asked me if I finished reading the newspaper.Q: 'I get up every morning at seven o'clock.', Peter said.
Peter said he got up every morning at seven o'clock.
Peter said I got up every morning at seven o'clock.
Peter said he had got up every morning at seven o'clock.Q: Susan reassured me, 'I can come tonight.'
Susan told me I could come that night.
Susan told me she could come that night.
Susan told me she could come tomorrow evening.Q: She said, 'I really wish I had bought that new car.'
She told me she really wished she bought that new car.
She told me she really had wished she had bought that new car.
She told me she really wished she had bought that new car.
Q: Jack said, 'He must be guilty!'
Jack said he must have been guilty.
Jack said he must have be guilty.
Jack said he must has been guilty.Q: Cheryl asked her, 'How long have you lived here?'
Cheryl asked her how long she has lived there.
Cheryl asked her how long she lived there.
Cheryl asked her how long she had lived there.Q: He said, 'I must get going. Otherwise, I'm going to be late.'
He told me he had to get going. Otherwise, he was going to be late.
He told me he had to get going. Otherwise, I was going to be late.
He told me he has to get going. Otherwise, he was going to be late.
Complete with the right form of the verbs given. Also pay attention to the correct use of pronouns and time expressions:
1 "I'm going to France next week."He said that _________________________ to France _________________________ week.2 "They haven't spoken to their parents for six years."She said that they _________________________ to their parents for six years.3 "Sue doesn't want to go out with me."He said that Sue _________________________ to go out with _________________________.4 "You'll have to be here at 3 o'clock this afternoon."She told me that I _________________________ at 3 o'clock _________________________.5 "I moved into my flat three years ago."I said that I _________________________ into my flat three years _________________________.6 "If I hear anything I'll phone you."He told me that if he _________________________ anything he _________________________.7 "You can move into the flat as soon as you want."She told _________________________ that they _________________________ into the flat as soon as_________________________.8 "You must bring me the money tomorrow."He told us that _________________________ the money _________________________.9 "I often go to the cinema."She told us that she often _________________________ to the cinema.
10 "I'm going to do it now if you'll let me."She told him that she _________________________ if he _________________________.
Look at the sentence in reported speech, then put it into the original direct speech. There could be more than one possibility.
1 She said she had been waiting for her to ring since the day before._______________________________________________________________________________________2 I told them that they would have to ask if they could book tickets for the next day._______________________________________________________________________________________3 He told me to sit down and wait until she arrived._______________________________________________________________________________________4 His mother told him he couldn't go out that night if he wanted to go out the following night too._______________________________________________________________________________________5 He said he would meet us in the pub if we were going there that day._______________________________________________________________________________________6 He asked if he should buy the bread as he would be passing the baker's._______________________________________________________________________________________7 He told me he hadn't had such a good night out since my sister's birthday celebration the previous year._______________________________________________________________________________________8 I told her that my brother would kill me if he found out what I had done._______________________________________________________________________________________9 He asked if he could come with us the next time we went to visit our uncle in France._______________________________________________________________________________________10 They said it had already started to rain before they left._______________________________________________________________________________________
Convert the phrases below into reported speech.
"It's raining," she said. 1 ______________________________________________
He said to her, "I love you." 2 ______________________________________________
"I saw María in the supermarket yesterday," said Carlos. 3 ______________________________________________
"We've lived here for three years," he said. 4 ______________________________________________
"I'll bring a pasta salad," said Francesca. 5 ______________________________________________
"Mark's going to install solar panels," said Miranda. 6 ______________________________________________
"They found gold here," said the geology teacher. 7 ______________________________________________
"Jenny can't speak French," said Pierre. 8 ______________________________________________
"I first met my wife in Seville," he told us. 9 ______________________________________________
"I want your homework handed in by tomorrow," he said.
10 ______________________________________________ "My mother made these cakes," said Juan.
11 ______________________________________________ "I'm feeling tired now," said David.
12 ______________________________________________
Report the following questions. Pay attention to word order:1. 'Who are these people ?' - The Inspector wondered => 2. 'When did the fire break out ?' - He ordered me to tell them => 3. 'Where has the fire started ?' - He wanted to know => 4. 'Why did your children stay upstairs ?' - He asked the parents => 5. 'What time did you come back ?' - He asked the mother => 6. 'Whose version will I believe ?' - He wondered => 7. 'Where have you been waiting since you phoned me ?' - He asked the father => 8. 'How often have you left your children alone ?' - He asked them => 9. 'How long have you been living in this hotel ?' - He asked the parents =>10. 'What can be done for you? - He asked the neighbours =>
Report the following sentences:1. 'Please, don't tell your mother!' -> She asked me 2. 'I swear I won't tell your mother, Sue!' -> He promised Sue 3. 'Shall I phone my doctor?' -> She offered 4. 'I won't repeat what he has told me.' -> She agreed 5. 'We'll clean your flat after our party.' -> They promised Mary 6. 'Why don't I cook your dinner, Mr Price?' -> She offered Mr Price 7. 'You ought to have your car serviced, dad!' -> He advised his father 8. 'Wait outside your office!' -> I told my employees 9. 'How do we find your village?' -> They asked us 10. 'Get yourself ready before lunch.' -> She told me when 11. 'Say that you are disappointed.' -> I told him what 12. 'OK! We'll do what has been decided!' ->They agreed
ROUND UP
1. Add "a" or "an" where necessary.
I have just moved to ____flat in the centre. It's very convenient. It's on__ quiet street near __ park. There are shops near my house and __ bus stop in front of the apartment. It's __ big flat with __ excellent view. There's __ big living room and __ dining room with __ sofa and __ dining table. There are two bedrooms, each with __ bathroom. The kitchen is great. It has __ electric stove, __ microwave oven, __ refrigerator, and two sinks. But I still need to buy some things for the flat. I plan to get __ television, some bookcases, and __ carpet for the living room.
2. Fill in with the right form of the verbs.
1.I____ __ never______________ __ an elephant (see).
2. My cousin __ ____________in the USA (live).
3. We will go for a walk when we____________ __ our lessons, (finish)
4. When I came to my friend's place he ________________ in the garden, (work)
5. Listen. Somebody __ _______________the piano so beautifully, (play)
6. My parents ____________________ me a new bike next month, (buy)
7. We __ ______________a wonderful time in the mountains last summer, (have)
8. If we go to the village, I ________________________ fishing, (go)
9. Diana __ ________________the fruits before she made the salad, (wash)
3. Use can, can't, may, must, have to.
1. Little children __________go to bed early.
2.__ __________you ride a horse?
3.You____________take one pencil. I have two.
4. My mother is busy and I _________ take care of my younger brother.
5.I lost my glasses and _________________ do my lessons.
4. Compare the following using as... as/not as… as.
1. Pizza is popular. Pepsi is popular too.2. Japanese is difficult. English is easier.3. Our computer is modern. Their computer is modern too.
4. Lewis Caro1 is famous- Rudyard Kipling is also famous.
5. Summer is warm. Autumn is not very warm.
5.Complete the text using many, much, little, few.
Greece is a great place to visit, and there are very__________ tourist attractions there. The weather is usually pleasant and there is ___________ rain in the summer. If you like swimming, there are ________ beautiful beaches. When it is very hot, there are _________ people in the streets. Transportation is good, and there are __ ______taxis and buses. There are also ______ large ferries that go to the island.
6. Change the sentences using used to.
1. I went fishing every day in summer when I lived in the village.
2. Women wore long dresses in the eighteenth century.
3. My brother cried very much when he was little.
4. My mother made cakes every week. Now she doesn't because she is busy.
5. Panel's father rode his bike a lot. Now he doesn't. He has a car.
7.What do these people say? Change the sentences.
Vicky says: "My mother is very good at cooking."
Tim says: "I want to study German."
Andrew says: "Our teacher speaks three languages."
Nick says: "We will travel to India next summer."
Sam says: "The concert was good."
8. Complete the sentences using the right form of the pronouns.
1.I lost my pen. Give me ___________ __ (your/yours).
2. His father is a driver. __ ______(My/Mine) is a lawyer.
3. My collection of stamps is poor. _____ (He/His) is richer.
4.I don't like my bike. ________ __ (Her/Hers) is more comfortable.
5. Their garden is large. But ______________ (our/ours) is larger.
9. Complete the sentences with the following verbs using both the gerund and the passive infinitive after the verb need:
cut replace retune fixa) The radio doesn't work, it needs................................................................................ .b)The fax machine is out of order, it needs ....................................................................... .c) The grass needs.......................................................................... .d) The batteries of this camera need ................................................................ .
10. Fill in the sentences with the correct tense of the verb in brackets:a) She'd arrive after the ceremony if the train...........................................(be) late.b) What .............................Ron .................................(do) if he got fired?c) I wish I .................................................(go) to Paris this summer.d) We..........................................................(not / agree) if he attended the meeting.e) Unless she ...........................................(speak) to me, I wouldn't come either.f) If Tom ...................................................(not / buy) this ring, she'd get angry.g) If the children hid in the attic, Grannie .........................................(know) their whereabouts.h) If only he..............................................(not/ be) so sad!
11.Fill in with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets:a) The party ..................................................(not/ finish) if the DJ ...................................(play) good music.b) If the chairman ...........................................................(not / approve) his behaviour, the meeting ........................................(unfold) normally.c) Unless you...........................................(write) for a living, ..............................you.........................(take up) other jobs?
d) If the medicine ..................................................(not / work), his dog ................................................(die).
FUTURE TENSES
i. Fill in the blanks with the right future tense of the verbs in brackets: present simple, present continuous, going to, future simple.Sarah……..(work) in an office as a secretary. She usually……..(go) to work by bus, but today she………………..(go) by taxi as she is a bit late. As soon as she arrives at the office, she …………..(make) coffee, ………..(turn on) the computer and ……………(look) at her agenda. Today’s agenda is quite busy: at 9:30, her boss…………..(have) a staff meeting; later at 10:00, she ……………(call) the travel agency to book a business class ticket on the London flight. The plane…………(take off) at 5 p.m. on Monday and ………….(land) at 8:00 p.m. at Heathrow. Next, she………….(take)and ………..(answer) all the messages on the answering machine. At 1:00 p.m., she ………….(have) an hour lunch break and at 3:00 she ………….(make) a dentist appointment on her boss’s name. Finally, she………….
(type) all the letters and reports and………….(send) the e-mails. Once she gets home, she ………….(go) shopping, ………(call) her friends and …….(take) the dog out.As tomorrow…………(be) Saturday, she…………..(not go) to work. If it……………….(be) nice, she …………….(go) on a trip to the mountains with her friends. The train………….(leave) at 9:00 a.m. from the North Station. There, she………….(climb) the mountains,…………(have) a picnic,……….(lie) in the sun and…………( swim) in the river. If the weather …………….(be) bad, she…………….(invite) some friends over, watch a DVD, listen to music and chat. On Sunday, she……………..(visit) her mother and………(eat out).
ii. Fill in the dialogue with the right future forms:A: What …………you …………. today? (do)
B: I’m not quite sure. I……..probably ……..to the dentist (go) so I …………(not be) at home.
A: What about tomorrow?
B: I…………….. (have) my aerobics class. The lesson………..(start) at 6:00 p.m.. Then, I……..(be) completely off.
A: Great! I……………(invite) you to dinner at Giovanni’s. Night Loosers …………(play) live tonight. The show…………at 8:00.(start)
B: Who else ……………..( come)?
A: John and Mary.B: Splendid! And what time ………we ………..(meet)?
A: At 7.30.
B: Where……….we …….(meet)?
A: We……… meet in front of the restaurant.
B: Great. I………..(see) you there. Bye!
A: O.K. Bye!
ROUND UP 2I. Put verbs into the correct form - conditional clauses
1. If you………………………a wallet in the street, what …………………………… (find, do) with it?
2. I must hurry. My friend …………………… annoyed if…………………….. on time. (be, not/be)3. I didn’t realize that Gary was in hospital. If I………………………. He was in hospital, I
……………………………to visit him. (know, go)4. If the phone…………………………., ……………you………………. it? (ring, can)5. I can’t decide what to do. What …….. you ………….. if you……………. in my position? (do,
be)
6. If you ………………………….enough money to go anywhere in the world, where……………… you………………? (have, go)
7. I’m glad we had a map. I’m sure we……………………….. if we……………………..one. (lose, have)
8. The accident was your fault. If you ………………………… more carefully, it ……………………. .(drive, not/happen)
9. If I ………………… my coat from home, I………………………..wet now. (take, not/be)10. If he…………………… to me then, I ………………………about it now. (tell, know)
II. Read the following text and rewrite it into Reported Speech (Indirect Speech):
'I am so sorry for you,' she said, 'but my brothers are going back to Eton tomorrow, and then, if you behave yourself, no one will annoy you.'
'It is absurd asking me to behave myself,' he answered, 'quite absurd. I must rattle my chains, and groan through keyholes, and walk about at night, if that is what you mean. It is my only reason for existing.'
'It is no reason at all for existing, and you know you have been very wicked. Mrs. Umney told us that you had killed your wife.'
'Well, I quite admit it,' said the Ghost, 'but it was a purely family matter.'
'It is very wrong to kill any one,' said Virginia.
'Oh, I hate the cheap severity of abstract ethics! My wife was very plain and knew nothing about cookery. However, it is no matter now, for it is all over, and I don't think it was very nice of her brothers to starve me to death, though I did kill her.'
‘Oh, Mr. Ghost, I mean Sir Simon, are you hungry? I have a sandwich in my case. Would you like it?' asked Virginia.
'No, thank you, I never eat anything now; but it is very kind of you and you are much nicer than the rest of your horrid, rude, vulgar, dishonest family.' Sir Simon said.
III. The noun –
a. Choose the right word:1. Amy was so nice to give us some advice/advices.2. Annoying news is/are always on BBC channel.3. Mathematics are/is very difficult to study.4. Her new trousers look/looks good.5. Mumps is/are a children’s disease.6. Strange phenomenon/phenomena take place nowadays7. The police is/are protecting law.8. She had heavy baggage/baggages to carry.9. Your money are/is on the table.10. Gymnastics are/is her favorite sports.
b. Write the plural :
information- tomato- dish-
louse- rose- homework-
deer- toy- cargo-
symposium- piano- brush-
ellipsis- belief- shelf-
hoof- basis- woman-
thief- ox-
c. Choose the right option:
1. a) the rays of the sun b) the sun’s rays
2. a) the leg of the chair b) the chair’s leg
3. a) my husband’s sister b) the sister of my husband
4. a) the jury’s decision b) the decision of the jury
5. a) for order’s sake b) for the sake of order
6. a) today’s news b) the news of the day
7. a) the forests of Romania b) Romania’s forests
8. a) my uncle’s glasses b) the glasses of my uncle
9. a) the author’s name b) the name of the author
10. a) at one’s finger’s ends b) at the end of one finger
