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Ancient Rome: Roman Art History

Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

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Page 1: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

Ancient Rome:Roman Art History

Page 2: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

The Ancient Roman World

Page 3: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

Why Study the Romans?

The Romans borrowed many things from the Greeks before them, including the arts.

Many of today’s surviving Greek art pieces are actually Roman copies made by Greek and Roman artists

The Romans also gave us the system of government known as “Republicanism”

They also made many of their own artistic and technological innovations, most notably the arch, which allowed them to create tunnels, domes and aqueducts

The Romans also invented a stronger form of concrete, which allowed them to build larger structures

Page 4: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

Why Study Roman Art? Because ancient Rome has passed on many artistic traditions used for thousands of years AND still used today. Most notably, churches continue to reflect Roman architectural innovations

Page 5: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

Timeline

950 – 650 BCGeometric and Orientalizing Period

650 - 475 BCArchaic Period

475 - 323 BCClassical Period

GREEKS ROMANS

509 - 27 BCRoman Republic

27 BC - 14 ADAugustan Period

27 BC - 393 ADRoman Empire

It should be noted that Roman society began to flourish even as the Greeks entered their “Golden Age”

Page 6: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

The Roman Republic:Architecture

Page 7: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

Notice the Ionic columns used in this building

The Temple of Portunus (100-50 BC) is an example of architecture from the Roman Republic period

It continued to use the Greek post and lintel system

This building was very similar to the temples being built in the Greek world

Page 8: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

The Post and Lintel System The Post and Lintel system of the Greeks was limited in the weight that it could support and the distance it could span

Page 9: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

The Arch The invention of the arch

by the Romans was a major leap forward in architecture

The advantage of the arch was that it could bear more weight above it by transmitting the load around and down to the piers

It could span a greater distance between the piers

Page 10: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

Examples of the Roman Arch

Page 11: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

The Arch Cont’d The invention of the arch made it possible for buildings

to also feature tunnels and domes

An arch extended forms a barrel vault (or tunnel vault)

Two barrel vaults intersecting at right angles form a groin vault

An arch rotated around a fixed point to form a dome

Page 12: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

The Arch Cont’d

The Aqua Appia was the first Roman aqueduct

It was constructed in 312 BC

It was one of the earliest Roman architectural examples to make use of the arch

Buildings featuring the arch really began to flourish during the Roman Empire period (27 BC – 393 AD)

Page 13: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

What is an Aqueduct? Ancient Rome had eleven major

aqueducts, built between 312 BC and 226 AD

It has been calculated that when Rome’s population was well over a million, the distribution system was able to provide over one cubic meter of water per day for each inhabitant: more than we are accustomed to use nowadays

Aqueducts were man-made conduits for carrying water

Simply put, aqueducts were used to conduct a water stream across a hollow or valley and provide citizens with water for daily use

Page 14: Ancient Rome: Roman Art History. The Ancient Roman World

Concrete All this was possible because the Romans invented a more efficient

type of concrete

Although invented much before the Romans, the Romans came up with a mixture that was stronger and more durable

With the addition of pozzolan ash from a nearby volcano, the Romans were able to create a concrete that was light weight, dried slower, and could be formed in wet weather

Concrete allowed the Romans to create larger structures and more elaborate buildings

This is why larger buildings, domes, aqueducts and theatres could be built by the Romans