ANCIENT EGYPT

NILE RIVER-- longest river in the world-- flows north to the Mediterranean Sea-- at the river’s delta, silt is deposited.-- flooding creates rich farmland-- floods at predictable times

NILE RIVERWhat was the weather like in Egypt?

What was the land not near the desert like?

NetflixCrash Course – Ancient Egypt

FARMING IN ANCIENT EGYPT

-- irrigation canals were dug to bring water to dry areas-- in 1600 BC, the shadoof was used to move water-- Turned wheat into flour and then breadLettuceOnionsCucumbersFigsGrapes-- wove flax into linen

HOUSING IN ANCIENT EGYPT-- bricks of mud mixed with chopped straw-- wove sticks and palm for roofs-- reed mats with linen sheets-- Nobles: tree-lined courtyards

pools of lotus blossoms

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY -- economy depended on farmingMining-- copper and iron for tools & weapons-- Gold, limestone, granite for tombs & temples-- turquoise, emerald for jewelry

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY

Fishing & Hunting-- lightweight, reed rafts, nets, and harpoons for fishing-- speared hippos & crocodiles

ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ECONOMY

Transportation & Trade-- Nile became a highway-- reed boats with sails and oars-- slow & navigable-- trade created surpluses

EGYPTIAN SOCIAL ROLESPharao

h

Priests

Scribes

Merchants

FarmersSlaves debtors,

criminals, prisoners of war

Largest Group

Used a barter system

Trained in hieroglyphics

Cared for the templesPleased the gods

RulerBelieved to be a god.

EXPANDING KNOWLEDGE

MATH AND SCIENCE

MEDICINE

BELIEFS & RELIGION

LIFE AFTER DEATH

MIDDLE KINGDOM

Between 2160 and 2055 BC Egypt gripped by Civil War

Pharaoh Mentuhotep II brings stability

AMENEMHET I

Founds Twelfth Dynasty 1985 BC Claimed the Prophecy of Neferti foretold of

his rise His dynasty lasted for 200 years

STRENGTH & WEALTH OF THE TWELFTH DYNASTY

Used military might to extend Egypt’s boundaries

Sought Nubian gold Agriculture grew 150,000 new acres of farmland created Literature and trade grew

DECLINE OF THE MIDDLE KINGDOM

-- Asiatics (Asians) move into the eastern Delta-- Hyksos invade from Palestine & Syria-- Hyksos conquer Egypt by 1630 BC -- Rule lasts for 100 years

NEW KINGDOM

HATSHEPSUT

First woman pharaoh Ruled with stepson

Thutmose III Sole ruler by 1472

BC

GROWTH OF TRADE

Hatshepsut uses trade to grow the empire

Traded with an African land called Punt

Brought herbs, spices, scented wood, live monkeys and trees used to make incense back to Egypt

LEGACY OF HATSHEPSUT

Erected many obelisks as an homage to herself

Ruled for 15 years Perhaps killed by her stepson

REFORMING PHARAOH: AKHENATON

Akhenaton becomes pharaoh in 1353 BC

Raises the sun god Aton to be “top god”

Priests that served other gods lost power

Art during this time become more realistic

REFORM ENDS

Tutankhamen becomes pharaoh in 1333 BC

His advisers convinced him to worship the old gods

POWERFUL PHARAOH: RAMSES II

Ruled for 66 years Expanded empire

through war Expanded into Nubia Defeated the Hittites

and signed a peace treaty

RAMSES HONORS HIMSELF

Built a city called Pi-Ramses At Abu-Simbel, built a temple

with two 66-foot statues of himself

What was Egypt like during the rule of Ramses?

EGYPT’S DECLINE

After death of Ramses, the Egyptian empire weakened

Ruled by foreign powers for the next 1,000 years, including Greek rule for 300 years