Upload
nansen
View
108
Download
3
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Anatomy & Kinesiology. Part I: the Spine. Jan McElroy PT, MS, PCS 2009 Do not copy without permission. SPINE. Also called the vertebral column. Trunk: skeletal system. Overview. In the spine there are 33 vertebral segments: 7 cervical vertebrae ( C1-7 ) 12 thoracic vertebrae - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
Jan McElroy PT, MS, PCS 2009Do not copy without permission
In the spine there are 33 vertebral segments:• 7 cervical vertebrae (C1-7C1-7)
• 12 thoracic vertebrae (T1-12T1-12)
• 5 lumbar vertebrae (L1-5L1-5)
• 5 sacral vertebrae (fused into a single bone called the sacrumsacrum)• 4 coccygeal bones (fused into a single bone called the coccyx or tail bonecoccyx or tail bone)
CervicalC1-7
ThoracicT1-12
LumbarL1-5
Sacrum
Coccyx
The vertebrae belonging to each section of the spine have specific morphologic characteristics which are related to the function of the region.
cervical vertebra
thoracicvertebra
lumbarvertebra
From: McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Abrahams, Gutchings, Marks, 4th edition
thoracicvertebra
From: McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Abrahams, Gutchings, Marks, 4th edition
However, all vertebrae are composed of the same basic parts:
1.vertebral body2.pedicle (one on each side)
3.transverse process (one on each side)
4.spinous process5.articular surface for facet6.lamina (one on each side)
7.vertebral foramen
1
2
43
57
There are 2 types of curves found in a typical spine when standing: kyphosis & scoliosis. Both occur in the sagittal plane.
Kyphosis • a spinal curve that is concave anteriorly and convex posteriorly• typically found in the thoracic and the sacrococcygeal regions of the spine
Lordosis • a spinal curve that is convex anteriorly and concave posteriorly• typically found in the cervical and lumbar regions of the spine
TypicalCervicalLordosis
TypicalThoracicKyphosis
TypicalLumbarLordosis
Anterior Posterior
It is important It is important to note that:to note that:• excessive or fixed postural kyphotic and lordodic curves in the spine are NOT typical• postural curves (present and/or fixed) in the spinal column in the frontal and transverse planes are NOT typical…these are called scoliosisscoliosis.
scoliosis
excessive thoraco-lumbar lordosis
excessivethoracic kyphosisduring sitting
During dynamic movement, the spinal curves in the sagittal plane vary and change shape according to the demands of the task.
Demands of the task are also met with dynamic spinal curve movements in the frontal and transverse planes.
Everything Everything changes when changes when we begin to we begin to move!!!!move!!!!
Deepest muscles Interspinalis Intertransversarus
Intermediate muscles Rotators Multifidi Semispinalis
Erector Spinae (more superficial)
Iliocostalis Longissimus Spinalis
***Note the lateral position of the iliocostalis & longissimus muscles
Drawings adapted from Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System,
Neumann 2002
The intermediate layer consists only of the •serratus posterior superior
and the •serratus posterior inferior
Currently, these muscles are not thought to play a role in movement.
Instead, they are believed to assist in respiration.
From: Novartis Interactive Atlas, Frank Netter artist
Trapezius› Upper› Middle› lower
Rhomboids Levator
Scapula Serratus
Anterior Latissimus
DorsiFrom: Novartis Interactive Atlas,
Frank Netter artist
Superficial to Deep
Rectus abdominus› 3 sections
External Obliques
Internal Obliques
Transverse abdominus From: Novartis Interactive Atlas,
Frank Netter artist
Anterior view
Posterior view
1. Atlas of Human Anatomy, Frank Netter
2. McMinn’s Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Abrahams, Hutchings, & Marks
3. Kinesiology of the Musculoskeletal System, Donald Neumann
4. Anatomy Coloring Book, Kapit & Elson